Three-dimensional through-wall radar system
Technical Field
The invention mainly relates to the technical field of through-wall radars, in particular to a three-dimensional through-wall radar system.
Background
Because the radar is used for through-the-wall detection, the low frequency penetrability is considered to be better, so the working frequency of the radar cannot be too high, the antenna size cannot be too small, and the whole size of the radar is larger. The anti-interference capability of the radio frequency circuit is considered, each functional module is shielded by adopting an independent structure and is finally fixed on the metal frame (the common grounding among the modules is realized), so that the weight of the whole machine is much larger, and the structure is complex. In addition, each port of the radio frequency circuit can only be connected through a radio frequency cable, so that signal attenuation is increased, and the battery supplies power to the movement after being connected through a longer cable, so that the power efficiency is seriously reduced.
For the existing three-dimensional through-wall radar, a multi-transmitting multi-receiving MIMO array form is adopted to realize three-dimensional imaging, each circuit module is sealed by adopting a separate shielding shell and then fixed on a large metal plate, and each module is connected through a cable and finally installed in a shell. The above design has the following disadvantages:
1. large volume and heavy mass: in the prior art, in order to realize better anti-interference capability, each circuit module is basically installed by adopting an independent shielding structure, and each module is independently sealed by a metal structure and then stacked, so that the thickness of the radar is inevitably increased, and the weight of the whole machine is heavier; or all circuit modules are placed in a metal structure with a plurality of small shielding cavities, and finally, a large metal plate is needed to realize the fixation and common grounding of all the modules, and the circuit modules are large in size and heavy in weight. In addition, the radio frequency wires and other cables among the modules are long and large in size, so that the weight of the whole machine is heavier.
2. The signal-to-noise ratio is low: in the prior art, the antenna and the radio frequency circuit are connected through a radio frequency cable, and a radio frequency switch is also added to the antenna and the radio frequency circuit in part of radars, so that the noise of a receiving link is increased inevitably, and the signal to noise ratio of a signal is deteriorated. However, in the prior art, each module is independently installed, and radio frequency line connection and a radio frequency switch are necessarily required for switching.
3. Battery power supply efficiency is low and the connection is complicated: in the prior art, each module is independently packaged, so that the battery and the power supply circuit can only be connected and powered by virtue of a cable, the loss on the cable is serious, and the power supply efficiency of the battery is reduced; and the connection of the movement is complex, which easily causes the connection error.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides the three-dimensional through-wall radar system which is simple and compact in structure, small in size, light in weight and simple and quick in connection.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
a three-dimensional through-wall radar system comprises a frequency source, a transmitter, a transmitting antenna, a receiving antenna, a receiver, a signal processing board and a power supply, wherein the frequency source, the transmitter and the receiver are integrated on the same PCB to form a radio frequency integrated board; the signal processing board is connected with the radio frequency integrated board through an inter-board connector; the power supply is fixed on the radio frequency integrated board and is directly connected with the signal processing board through a power supply interface; the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna are both positioned on the periphery of the radio frequency integrated board.
As a further improvement of the above technical solution:
the frequency source, the transmitter, the transmitting antenna, the receiving antenna, the receiver, the signal processing board and the power supply are all arranged in the shell.
And the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna are directly connected with the radio frequency integrated board through a radio frequency connector.
The transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna are both laminated slot coupling antennas; the gap layer of the laminated gap coupling antenna is welded on the radio frequency integrated board, and the coupling layer of the laminated gap coupling antenna is adhered by foam or fixed on the gap layer by a strut; the radio frequency signal on the radio frequency integrated board is directly fed to the feed point of the antenna slot layer, and then is radiated out after being coupled to the coupling layer through the slot radiation on the slot layer.
The transmitting antenna, the receiving antenna and the signal processing board are all fastened on the radio frequency integrated board through fasteners.
The fastener is a screw or a bolt.
The radio frequency integrated board is rectangular as a whole; each transmitting antenna is arranged on two opposite side edges of the rectangular radio frequency integrated board, and each receiving antenna is arranged on the other two opposite side edges of the rectangular radio frequency integrated board; the arrangement shape of each transmitting antenna and each receiving antenna is integrally in a mouth shape or a mouth-like shape, so that a uniform or non-uniform equivalent antenna array is formed.
The radio frequency integrated board is provided with a mounting hole, and the power supply is mounted in the mounting hole.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
according to the three-dimensional through-wall radar system, the frequency source, the transmitter and the receiver are integrated on the radio frequency integrated board, so that the integration level is high; the radio frequency integrated board is used as a support, the signal processing board, the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna are directly arranged on the radio frequency integrated board, other structural support pieces are not needed, a thick and heavy metal shielding cover is not needed, and a large number of metal structures are saved, so that the radio frequency integrated board is simple and compact in structure and light in weight; the signal processing board is connected with the radio frequency integrated board through the inter-board connector and the antenna is connected with the radio frequency integrated board through the connecting interface, namely, the connecting line among all the components is removed in an opposite insertion mode, the connection is quick and reliable, errors are not easy to occur, and the signal to noise ratio of signals is optimized; the power supply and the signal processing board are connected in an opposite-plug direct connection mode through a power supply interface, so that the loss of a power supply transmission path is reduced, and the connection is simple, quick and reliable; all parts of the radar system are fixed on the radio frequency integrated board, and the quick and reliable connection among the parts is realized through the butt joint interface, so that the complexity and the possible instability of the connection among modules are solved, the thinnest thickness of a machine core is ensured, a metal fixing plate is not needed any more, the radio frequency integrated board is taken as a fixed module, the antenna and the signal processing board are directly fixed on the radio frequency integrated board, the weight and the volume of the whole machine are further reduced, and the miniaturization and the light weight of the three-dimensional imaging radar are realized; the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna are both arranged on the periphery of the radio frequency integrated board, and the signal processing board, the power supply and the like are placed in an area formed by enclosing the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna, so that the space is effectively utilized, and the purpose of light and small radar is further achieved.
According to the working characteristics of the radar, the invention starts with the analysis of the working frequency of the radar, and reduces the size of the receiving and transmitting antenna of the radar and the distance between the antennas by using the working frequency of the S wave band, thereby reducing the size of the antenna array of the three-dimensional imaging radar, namely shortening the length and the width of the radar.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a functional block diagram of an embodiment of a radar system of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a block diagram of a radar system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Illustration of the drawings: 1. a radio frequency integrated board; 11. a frequency source; 12. a transmitter; 13. a receiver; 14. an inter-board connector; 2. a signal processing board; 3. a power source; 4. a receiving antenna; 5. and a transmitting antenna.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the figures and the specific embodiments of the description.
As shown in fig. 1, the three-dimensional through-wall radar system of the present embodiment includes a frequency source 11, a transmitter 12, a transmitting antenna 5, a receiving antenna 4, a receiver 13, a signal processing board 2 and a power supply 3, where the frequency source 11 is configured to provide a radio frequency signal; a transmitter 12, configured to amplify and output the radio frequency signal provided by the frequency source 11; the transmitting antenna 5 is used for radiating the radio frequency signal amplified by the transmitter 12; the receiving antenna 4 is used for sending the reflected radio frequency signals to the radar receiver 13 for processing; the receiver 13 is configured to amplify the received radio frequency echo signal, and perform down conversion on the radio frequency signal to complete intermediate frequency data acquisition; the signal processing board 2 is used for processing the data received by the receiver 13 and giving a radar detection result; a power supply 3 (e.g., a battery) for supplying power to various parts of the radar; wherein, the frequency source 11, the transmitter 12 and the receiver 13 are integrated on the same PCB board to form a radio frequency integrated board 1; the signal processing board 2 is connected with the radio frequency integrated board 1 through an inter-board connector 14; the transmitting antenna 5 and the receiving antenna 4 are both arranged on the periphery of the radio frequency integrated board 1; the power supply 3 is fixed on the radio frequency integrated board 1 and is directly connected with the signal processing board 2 through a power interface. Wherein, the radio frequency integrated board 1 is shielded by a metal shielding case (for example, 0.1mm thick).
According to the three-dimensional through-wall radar system, the frequency source 11, the transmitter 12 and the receiver 13 are integrated on the radio frequency integrated board 1, so that the integration level is high; the radio frequency integrated board 1 is used as a support, the signal processing board 2, the transmitting antenna 5 and the receiving antenna 4 are directly arranged on the radio frequency integrated board 1, other structural supporting pieces are not needed, a thick and heavy metal shielding cover is not needed, and a large number of metal structures are saved, so that the radio frequency integrated board is simple and compact in structure, small in size and light in weight;
the signal processing board 2 and the radio frequency integrated board 1 are connected through the inter-board connector 14, namely, a plug-in mode is adopted, connecting lines among all parts are removed, the connection is quick and reliable, errors are not prone to occurring, and the signal-to-noise ratio of signals is optimized; the power supply 3 and the signal processing board 2 adopt a plug-and-play direct connection mode through a power supply interface, so that the power supply transmission path loss is reduced, and the connection is simple, quick and reliable;
all parts of the radar system are fixed on the radio frequency integrated board 1, and the quick and reliable connection among the parts is realized through the butt joint interface, so that the complexity and the possible instability of the connection among modules are solved, the thinnest thickness of a machine core is ensured, a metal fixing plate is not needed any more, the radio frequency integrated board 1 is taken as a fixed module, a transmitting and receiving antenna (comprising a transmitting antenna 5 and a receiving antenna 4, the same below) and a signal processing board 2 are directly fixed on the radio frequency integrated board 1, the weight and the volume of the whole machine are further reduced, and the miniaturization and the light weight of the three-dimensional imaging radar are realized;
emitting antenna 5 and receiving antenna 4 all install in the periphery of radio frequency integrated board 1, and emitting antenna 5 and receiving antenna 4 enclose the region that closes and form then place signal processing board 2 and power 3 etc to effectively utilize the space, further reach the light miniature purpose of radar.
In a specific embodiment, the frequency source 11, the transmitter 12, the transmitting antenna 5, the receiving antenna 4, the receiver 13, the signal processing board 2 and the power supply 3 are all mounted in a casing, and the structure is simple and compact.
In a specific embodiment, the transmitting antenna 5, the receiving antenna 4 and the signal processing board 2 are fastened to the rf integrated board 1 by fasteners (not shown). Wherein the fastener is a screw or bolt. Specifically, the transmitting and receiving antenna is fixed on the radio frequency integrated board 1 through a screw, and is connected with the radio frequency integrated board 1 through a fast-plugging radio frequency connector. The design can ensure that the transmitting output power can be radiated out through the transmitting antenna 5 almost without attenuation; there is almost no loss between the receiving antenna 4 and the receiving link, and under the same receiving link condition, the overall receiving link noise figure will be much smaller (if the line loss between the receiving antenna 4 and the receiving link is 1dB, the receiving link noise figure will be increased by 1 dB), that is, this process can ensure that the actual transmitting power of the transmitting antenna 5 is sufficient, and at the same time, there is a certain optimization to the signal-to-noise ratio of the received signal.
In another specific embodiment, the transceiving antenna is in the form of a laminated slot coupling antenna, a slot layer of the transceiving antenna is welded on the radio frequency integrated board 1, a radio frequency signal on the radio frequency integrated board 1 is directly fed to a feed point of the slot layer of the antenna through a via hole to be connected and conducted, and the antenna coupling layer is fixed on the radio frequency integrated board 1 through foam adhesion or through a strut. The mode can realize the connection of the receiving and transmitting antenna and the radio frequency integrated board 1 without a radio frequency connector, has simple structure and further realizes the miniaturization and the light weight of the radar. The laminated slot coupling antenna is a conventional antenna and specifically comprises two PCBs, the lower PCB is a slot layer, the upper PCB is a coupling layer, a certain air gap is arranged in the middle (the air gap can be filled with foam materials, the two layers are fixed on the foam materials through high-temperature-resistant glue, and a strut can be additionally arranged between the two layers for fixing), a radio-frequency signal on the radio-frequency integrated board 1 is connected with the slot layer, and the radio-frequency signal is radiated out finally through the slot on the slot layer and is coupled to the coupling layer in a radiation mode.
In a specific embodiment, the radio frequency integrated board 1 is rectangular as a whole; each transmitting antenna 5 is arranged on two opposite side edges of the rectangular radio frequency integrated board 1, and each receiving antenna 4 is arranged on two opposite side edges of the rectangular radio frequency integrated board 1; the arrangement shape of each transmitting antenna 5 and each receiving antenna 4 is a "mouth" shape or a mouth-like shape as a whole. Wherein the transmission channel is with the mode of time division, and multichannel receiving simultaneous working is adopted, and wherein "mouth" style of calligraphy antenna architecture design, receiving and dispatching antenna are located the radio frequency integrated board 1 all around, in the region that receiving and dispatching antenna encloses, can be used for placing signal processing board 2 and power 3 etc. compare with traditional antenna face can not place other modules, and the space can effectively be utilized to above-mentioned design, reaches the light miniature purpose of radar.
In one embodiment, when the radar operating frequency is high, the three-dimensional imaging antenna array can be guaranteed to be small in size. According to the radar detection principle, the distance between the antennas is half wavelength, the radar detection effect is best, and after the radar working frequency is increased, the corresponding wavelength is shortened, so that the distance between the antennas can be shortened sharply, and the miniaturized antenna array can be realized. Therefore, the working frequency of the radar adopts S-band frequency; the distance between each transmitting antenna 5 and the distance between each receiving antenna 4 are half-wavelengths, so that the size of the antenna array is greatly reduced on the basis of ensuring three-dimensional imaging, and the overall length and the width of the radar are reduced.
In a specific embodiment, the radio frequency integrated board 1 is provided with a mounting hole, the power supply 3 (such as a battery) is mounted in the mounting hole, and then the battery interface directly supplies power to the movement of the signal processing board 2 after being plugged, so that the power supply path is greatly shortened, and the battery power supply efficiency is improved. All power supplies 3 and control signals of the radio frequency integrated board 1 are provided by the signal processing board 2, and data acquired by the ADC on the radio frequency integrated board 1 is transmitted through the inter-board connector 14.
All components of the radio frequency integrated circuit board are locked on the radio frequency integrated board 1 through fasteners (such as screws) for fixing, a metal fixing plate is not needed, external cables are not used for connecting all modules, the radio frequency integrated circuit board is clean and tidy, more stable and reliable, and the whole thickness of a machine core is compressed to the utmost extent; the design of the invention realizes the great reduction of the length, the width and the thickness of the radar, the connection of the inner core is simple, the weight of the whole machine is also obviously reduced, the purposes of miniaturization and light design are realized, and the radar is more portable, stable and reliable to use.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and all technical solutions belonging to the idea of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention. It should be noted that modifications and embellishments within the scope of the invention may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the principle of the invention.