CN113252088B - 一种多波长的分布式光纤传感系统及方法 - Google Patents

一种多波长的分布式光纤传感系统及方法 Download PDF

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CN113252088B
CN113252088B CN202110539046.0A CN202110539046A CN113252088B CN 113252088 B CN113252088 B CN 113252088B CN 202110539046 A CN202110539046 A CN 202110539046A CN 113252088 B CN113252088 B CN 113252088B
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冉曾令
肖彦波
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University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
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    • G01D5/353—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre
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Abstract

本发明涉及体光纤传感技术领域，提供了一种多波长的分布式光纤传感系统及方法，其包括多波长窄线宽激光器、分路器、调制器、波长相关延迟器、波长相关延迟补偿器、解调模块以及上位机；多波长窄线宽激光器的输出端与分路器的输入端连接，分路器的输出端分别与调制器的输入端以及解调模块的输入端连接，调制器的输出端与波长相关延迟器的输入端连接，波长相关延迟器的输出端用与波长相关延迟补偿器的输入端分别与传感光纤连接，波长相关延迟补偿器的输出端和解调模块的输入端连接，解调模块的输出端与上位机的输入端连接；本发明的分布式光纤传感系统一定程度上抑制了非线性效应的产生，提升了系统性能。

Description

一种多波长的分布式光纤传感系统及方法
技术领域
本发明涉及光纤传感技术领域，特别是涉及一种多波长的分布式光纤传感系统及方法。
背景技术
分布式光纤传感技术在多个领域有着巨大的应用潜力，如结构健康监测、温度监测、油气勘探等领域。现有分布式光纤传感技术多采用单波长探测光，导致了入纤光功率不能过高，否则会引起非线性效应，降低系统性能，或采用多波长探测光同时注入传感光纤，同样由于非线性效应的限制，导致每个波长的光功率不高，限制着传感系统的性能。这些问题在一定程度上限制着分布式光纤传感技术的应用。
基于上述问题，本发明提出了一种多波长分布式光纤传感系统，通过利用波长相关延迟装置降低某一瞬间入纤光功率，提高每个波长的入纤光功率，同时利用波长相关延迟补偿器，使得每个波长的探测光产生的瑞利散射光同时到达探测模块，提升了系统性能。
发明内容
针对现有技术中的上述问题，本发明提供了一种多波长的分布式光纤传感系统及方法，该分布式光纤传感系统一定程度上抑制了非线性效应的产生，提升了系统性能，通过波长相关延迟装置使得多个不同波长的脉冲光进入传感光纤的同时降低瞬时入纤峰值光功率。
为了达到上述发明目的，本发明采用的技术方案如下：
提供一种多波长的分布式光纤传感系统，其包括多波长窄线宽激光器、分路器、调制器、波长相关延迟器、波长相关延迟补偿器、解调模块以及上位机；
多波长窄线宽激光器的输出端与分路器的输入端连接，多波长窄线宽激光器用于产生连续激光；分路器的输出端分别与调制器的输入端以及解调模块的输入端连接，分路器用于输出两路连续激光，其中一路连续激光进入调制器，另一路连续激光进入解调模块；调制器的输出端与波长相关延迟器的输入端连接，调制器用于对获取的连续激光进行调制，并输出含有不同波长的脉冲光；波长相关延迟器的输出端与用于与传感光纤的输入端连接，波长相关延迟器用于对获取到的含有不同波长的脉冲光进行分离处理；波长相关延迟补偿器的输入端用于与传感光纤的输出端连接，且波长相关延迟补偿器的输出端与解调模块的输入端连接，波长相关延迟补偿器用于对不同波长的脉冲光在传感光纤内产生的瑞利散射信号光进行补偿，并使补偿后的所有不同波长的瑞利散射信号光同时输送至解调模块；解调模块的输出端与上位机的输入端连接，解调模块用于对获取到的不同波长的瑞利散射信号光进行解调处理得到解调信号，上位机用于对解调信号以及进行处理得到传感信号。
进一步地，波长相关延迟器以及波长相关延迟补偿器均为多个中心波长不同的等间隔FBG串。
进一步地，波长相关延迟器以及波长相关延迟补偿器均包括依次连接的波分复用器、光纤组以及波分复用器，光纤组包括多个不同长度的光纤。
进一步地，波长相关延迟器的多个不同长度的光纤呈等差递增排列，波长相关延迟补偿器的多个不同长度的光纤呈等差递减排列。
第二方面，本方案还提供一种使用上述多波长的分布式光纤传感系统的分布式光纤传感方法，包括以下步骤：
S1、分路器将多波长窄线宽激光器产生的连续激光分为两路连续激光输出，其中一路连续激光作为直流参考光直接进入解调模块，剩下一路连续激光进入调制器；
S2、调制器对获取到的连续激光进行调制后，向波长相关延迟器传输含有多个不同波长的脉冲光；
S3、波长相关延迟器对含有多个不同波长的脉冲光进行分离处理，使得不同波长的脉冲光在时间域上分开，不同波长的脉冲光在时间域上依次进入传感光纤；
S4、波长相关延迟补偿器对不同波长的脉冲光在传感光纤内产生的瑞利散射信号光进行补偿，使得补偿后的所有不同波长的瑞利散射信号光同时输送至解调模块；
S5、上位机对解调模块输出的不同波长的脉冲光以及直流参考光进行处理得到传感信号。
进一步地，解调模块所适用的解调方法包括I/Q解调方法、外差解调方法、零差解调方法、基于2*4耦合器的分布式光纤传感解调方法以及基于3*3耦合器的分布式光纤传感解调方法。
本发明的有益效果为：
本发明通过波长相关延迟器，使得多个不同波长的脉冲光进入传感光纤的同时降低瞬时入纤峰值光功率，有效的避免了入纤瞬时峰值光功率过高引起的非线性效应对传感信号的影响，且增加了脉冲光波长的多样性；且通过波长相关延时补偿器补偿不同波长的光脉冲进入传感光纤的时间差，使得不同波长的脉冲光在传感光纤产生的瑞利散射光同时到达解调模块，同时解调模块解调出不同波长的脉冲光所获取的信号，提升系统性能。
附图说明
图1为一种多波长的分布式光纤传感系统的第一种系统结构示意图。
图2为一种多波长的分布式光纤传感系统的第二种系统结构示意图。
图3为波长相关延迟器输出的波形图。
图4为第一种波长相关延迟器以及与之对应的波长相关延迟补偿器的结构示意图。
图5为第二种波长相关延迟器以及与之对应的波长相关延迟补偿器的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面对本发明的具体实施方式进行描述，以便于本技术领域的技术人员理解本发明，但应该清楚，本发明不限于具体实施方式的范围，对本技术领域的普通技术人员来讲，只要各种变化在所附的权利要求限定和确定的本发明的精神和范围内，这些变化是显而易见的，一切利用本发明构思的发明创造均在保护之列。
第一方面，如图1或图2所示，本方案提供了一种多波长的分布式光纤传感系统，其包括多波长窄线宽激光器、分路器、调制器、波长相关延迟器、波长相关延迟补偿器、解调模块以及上位机。
多波长窄线宽激光器的输出端与分路器的输入端连接，多波长窄线宽激光器用于产生连续激光；分路器的输出端分别与调制器的输入端以及解调模块的输入端连接，分路器用于输出两路连续激光，其中一路连续激光进入调制器，另一路连续激光进入解调模块；调制器的输出端与波长相关延迟器的输入端连接，调制器用于对获取的连续激光进行调制，并输出含有不同波长的脉冲光；波长相关延迟器的输出端与用于与传感光纤的输入端连接，波长相关延迟器用于对获取到的含有不同波长的脉冲光进行分离处理；波长相关延迟补偿器的输入端用于与传感光纤的输出端连接，且波长相关延迟补偿器的输出端与解调模块的输入端连接，波长相关延迟补偿器用于对不同波长的脉冲光在传感光纤内产生的瑞利散射信号光进行补偿，并使补偿后的所有不同波长的瑞利散射信号光同时输送至解调模块；解调模块的输出端与上位机的输入端连接，解调模块用于对获取到的不同波长的瑞利散射信号光进行解调处理得到解调信号，上位机用于对解调信号以及进行处理得到传感信号。
如图1和图4所示，波长相关延迟器的其中一种实现方式为多个中心波长不同的等间隔FBG串，当含有多个波长的脉冲光经环形器进入等间隔FBG串，不同波长的光经不同位置的FBG反射后因光程不同分离为在时间域上分隔的光脉冲，实现波长相关延迟，且FBG之间的间隔产生的光程差应使得在时间域上分离的光脉冲之间无重叠。与之对应的，波长相关延迟补偿器的实现方式也为多个中心波长不同的等间隔FBG串，通过调整FBG串各个FBG的位置，使得最先进入传感光纤的光脉冲产生的瑞利散射信号光在FBG串最后的位置进行反射，进一步使得各个波长的脉冲光产生的瑞利散射光在同一时刻进入解调模块。
除此之外，如图2和图5所示，波长相关延迟器的其中一种实现方式为：依次连接的波分复用器、光纤组以及波分复用器，光纤组包括多个不同长度的光纤，且多个不同光纤之间相互并联，其中，光纤组内的多个光纤呈等差递增排列。当含有多个波长的脉冲光经波分复用器分开后通过不同长度的光纤，使得不同波长的脉冲光在时间域上分隔，且光纤组之间的长度差应使得相邻的两个不同波长的脉冲无重叠。与之对应的，波长相关延迟补偿器为：依次连接的波分复用器、光纤组以及波分复用器，其中，光纤组内的多个光纤呈等差递减排列。使得最先进入传感光纤的光脉冲产生的瑞利散射信号光经过最长的光纤，进一步使得各个波长的脉冲光产生的瑞利散射光在同一时刻进入解调模块。
第二方面，本方案还提供一种使用多波长的分布式光纤传感系统的分布式光纤传感方法，包括以下步骤：
S1、分路器将多波长窄线宽激光器产生的连续激光分为两路连续激光输出，其中一路连续激光作为直流参考光直接进入解调模块，剩下一路连续激光进入调制器；
S2、调制器对获取到的连续激光进行调制后，向波长相关延迟器传输含有多个不同波长的脉冲光；
S3、波长相关延迟器对含有多个不同波长的脉冲光进行分离处理，使得不同波长的脉冲光在时间域上分开(如图3所示)，不同波长的脉冲光在时间域上依次进入波长相关延迟补偿器；
S4、波长相关延迟补偿器对不同波长的脉冲光在传感光纤内产生的瑞利散射信号光进行补偿，使得补偿后的所有不同波长的瑞利散射信号光同时输送至解调模块；
S5、上位机对解调模块输出的不同波长的脉冲光以及直流参考光进行处理得到传感信号。
解调模块所适用的解调方法包括I/Q解调方法、外差解调方法、零差解调方法、基于2*4耦合器的分布式光纤传感解调方法以及基于3*3耦合器的分布式光纤传感解调方法。

Claims (3)

1.一种多波长的分布式光纤传感系统，其特征在于，包括多波长窄线宽激光器、分路器、调制器、波长相关延迟器、波长相关延迟补偿器、解调模块以及上位机；
所述多波长窄线宽激光器的输出端与所述分路器的输入端连接，所述多波长窄线宽激光器用于产生连续激光；所述分路器的输出端分别与所述调制器的输入端以及所述解调模块的输入端连接，所述分路器用于输出两路连续激光，其中一路连续激光进入所述调制器，另一路连续激光进入所述解调模块；
所述调制器的输出端与所述波长相关延迟器的输入端连接，所述调制器用于对获取的连续激光进行调制，并输出含有不同波长的脉冲光；
所述波长相关延迟器的输出端与用于与传感光纤的输入端连接，所述波长相关延迟器用于对获取到的含有不同波长的脉冲光进行分离处理；
所述波长相关延迟补偿器的输入端用于与传感光纤的输出端连接，且所述波长相关延迟补偿器的输出端与所述解调模块的输入端连接，所述波长相关延迟补偿器用于对不同波长的脉冲光在传感光纤内产生的瑞利散射信号光进行补偿，并使补偿后的所有不同波长的瑞利散射信号光同时输送至解调模块；
所述解调模块的输出端与所述上位机的输入端连接，所述解调模块用于对获取到的不同波长的瑞利散射信号光进行解调处理得到解调信号，所述上位机用于对解调信号以及进行处理得到传感信号；
所述波长相关延迟器以及所述波长相关延迟补偿器均为多个中心波长不同的等间隔FBG串；
所述波长相关延迟器以及所述波长相关延迟补偿器均包括依次连接的波分复用器、光纤组以及波分复用器，所述光纤组包括多个不同长度的光纤；
所述波长相关延迟器的多个不同长度的光纤呈等差递增排列，所述波长相关延迟补偿器的多个不同长度的光纤呈等差递减排列。
2.一种使用权利要求1所述多波长的分布式光纤传感系统的分布式光纤传感方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
S1、分路器将多波长窄线宽激光器产生的连续激光分为两路连续激光输出，其中一路连续激光作为直流参考光直接进入解调模块，剩下一路连续激光进入调制器；
S2、调制器对获取到的连续激光进行调制后，向波长相关延迟器传输含有多个不同波长的脉冲光；
S3、波长相关延迟器对含有多个不同波长的脉冲光进行分离处理，使得不同波长的脉冲光在时间域上分开，不同波长的脉冲光在时间域上依次进入传感光纤；
S4、波长相关延迟补偿器对不同波长的脉冲光在传感光纤内产生的瑞利散射信号光进行补偿，使得补偿后的所有不同波长的瑞利散射信号光同时输送至解调模块；
S5、上位机对解调模块输出的不同波长的脉冲光以及直流参考光进行处理得到传感信号。
3.根据权利要求2所述的分布式光纤传感方法，所述解调模块所适用的解调方法包括I/Q解调方法、外差解调方法、零差解调方法、基于2*4耦合器的分布式光纤传感解调方法或基于3*3耦合器的分布式光纤传感解调方法。
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