CN113246486A - Laser riveting welding method for thermoplastic composite material and metal lap joint structure - Google Patents
Laser riveting welding method for thermoplastic composite material and metal lap joint structure Download PDFInfo
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- CN113246486A CN113246486A CN202110521466.6A CN202110521466A CN113246486A CN 113246486 A CN113246486 A CN 113246486A CN 202110521466 A CN202110521466 A CN 202110521466A CN 113246486 A CN113246486 A CN 113246486A
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- thermoplastic composite
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/72—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by combined operations or combined techniques, e.g. welding and stitching
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
- B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
- B29C65/16—Laser beams
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/56—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits
- B29C65/60—Riveting or staking
- B29C65/601—Riveting or staking using extra riveting elements, i.e. the rivets being non-integral with the parts to be joined
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
- B29C66/41—Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/74—Joining plastics material to non-plastics material
- B29C66/742—Joining plastics material to non-plastics material to metals or their alloys
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- Connection Of Plates (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a laser riveting welding method for a thermoplastic composite material and metal lap joint structure, which relates to the technical field of connection of thermoplastic composite materials and metals and comprises the following steps: prefabricating through holes in the metal plates and the thermoplastic composite material plates, wherein the through holes are used for driving rivets; cleaning the thermoplastic composite material plate, the metal plate and the rivet to remove surface oil stains; after removing the oxide film on the surface of the metal plate, prefabricating a microstructure on a selected area on the surface of a metal joint to be welded of the metal plate; the rivet is nailed into the thermoplastic composite material plate and then is tightly contacted with the metal plate; and carrying out laser welding on the lap joint of the thermoplastic composite material plate and the metal plate. The invention can obviously improve the tensile strength and fatigue property of the lap joint structure of the thermoplastic composite material and the light metal and ensure that the connecting joint has good sealing property.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of connection of thermoplastic composite materials and metals, in particular to a laser riveting welding method for a thermoplastic composite material and a metal lap joint structure.
Background
The carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastic resin matrix composite material and the heterostructure of metals such as aluminum alloy, titanium alloy and the like has the advantages of low cost, light weight design requirement conformity and the like, and is increasingly widely applied to the manufacturing of modern equipment such as automobiles, aerospace manufacturing and the like. The weakest part of the heterostructure is often located in the joint connection area, and the quality of the joint connection directly determines the performance and service life of the heterostructure. Because the physicochemical properties of the metal and thermoplastic composite material show great difference, how to obtain a high-quality heterostructure joint becomes a key point and a difficult point to be solved urgently. The connection techniques commonly used for the current heterostructure mainly include mechanical connection, adhesive bonding, hybrid connection and the like. But the cementing process has the problems of long curing time, environmental pollution and the like. The mechanical connection has problems of poor sealing performance, stress concentration, and the like. The limitations of these connection methods cannot meet the ever-increasing requirements of engineering applications of heterostructures.
Compared with other connection modes, the laser connection has the advantages of non-contact connection, short process period, high connection efficiency and the like, and has great potential in the aspect of connection of the thermoplastic composite material and the metal heterostructure. Due to the great difference of physical and chemical properties between the thermoplastic composite material and the metal, the interface combination is difficult, so that the strength of the laser welding connected heterojunction is low, and the fatigue resistance is poor. The tensile strength of the connecting joint can be enhanced to a certain extent by enhancing the interface mechanical bonding through methods such as chemical treatment, mechanical processing and laser etching or enhancing the interface chemical bonding through methods such as chromium plating, anodic oxidation and ultraviolet grafting, but how to improve the fatigue resistance of the connecting joint still faces a great challenge.
The heterogeneous connection joint is connected by a laser or laser arc heat source welding and riveting composite method, namely, rivets made of the same material as the metal plate are used for riveting the heterogeneous plate in advance, and then the laser or laser arc heat source is adopted for carrying out girth welding on the rivets and the metal plate, so that the heterogeneous connection joint is connected. Compared with simple mechanical riveting or laser connection, the method can effectively improve the mechanical property of the heterogeneous connection joint, but cannot ensure the sealing property of the heterogeneous connection joint.
Therefore, it is desirable to provide a new method for connecting thermoplastic composite material and metal to solve the above problems in the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a laser riveting welding method for a thermoplastic composite material and metal lapping structure, which aims to solve the problems in the prior art, remarkably improve the tensile strength and fatigue property of the thermoplastic composite material and light metal lapping structure and ensure that a connecting joint has good sealing property.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme:
the invention provides a laser riveting welding method for a thermoplastic composite material and a metal lap joint structure, which comprises the following steps of:
prefabricating through holes in a metal plate and a thermoplastic composite material plate, wherein the through holes are used for driving rivets;
cleaning the thermoplastic composite material plate, the metal plate and the rivet to remove oil stains on the surface;
removing the oxide film on the surface of the metal plate, and then prefabricating a microstructure on the selected area on the surface of the metal joint to be welded of the metal plate;
driving the rivet into the thermoplastic composite material plate and then closely contacting the rivet with the metal plate;
and fifthly, laser welding the lap joint of the thermoplastic composite material plate and the metal plate.
Preferably, the rivet and the metal plate are made of the same material.
Preferably, in the first step, the aperture value of the through hole is d, the aperture of the through hole is equal to the diameter of the rivet, the length of the rivet is t, and the value of d/t ranges from 1 to 2; the thickness value of the thermoplastic composite plate is t1The thickness value of the metal sheet is t2，t＝t1+t2(ii) a The distance from the center of the through hole to the edges of the thermoplastic composite plate and the metal plate is S, S/d>3。
Preferably, in the second step, the thermoplastic composite plate, the metal plate and the rivet are cleaned by acetone to remove oil stains on the surface.
Preferably, in the second step, after removing oil stains on the surface of the thermoplastic composite material plate, the thermoplastic composite material plate is placed in an air drying oven to be dried for 6 hours.
Preferably, in the third step, the oxide film on the surface of the metal plate is removed by femtosecond laser etching or chemical milling.
Preferably, in the third step, a microstructure is prefabricated in a selected area on the surface of the metal joint to be welded of the metal plate by adopting a laser etching or mechanical milling mode.
Preferably, in the fourth step, the lap joint of the thermoplastic composite material plate and the metal plate is clamped and fixed, and the clamping pressure is 0.5-2MPa, so that the metal plate, the thermoplastic composite material and the rivet in the area to be connected are tightly attached; the end face of the rivet and the metal plate are on a plane to be welded.
Preferably, in the fifth step, the surface of the metal plate is heated by a laser beam, under the thermal action of the laser beam, the metal plate with the preformed microstructure and the thermoplastic composite material plate form a laser connection joint and a mechanical connection joint for rivet connection, and the metal plate and the rivet form a laser welding joint.
Preferably, after the laser beam is shaped, the light spot of the laser beam is a rectangular light spot with uniformly distributed energy, the length of the rectangular light spot is 4-7mm, and the length of the rectangular light spot is greater than the diameter of the rivet; the width of the rectangular light spot is 1 mm; the laser power of the laser beam is 4000-6000W, the welding speed is 40-65mm/s, and the penetration of the laser welding line of the rivet and the metal plate is 0.2-0.6mm after welding
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
according to the laser riveting welding method for the lap joint structure of the thermoplastic composite material and the metal, provided by the invention, under the thermal action of laser, the laser riveting welding is carried out on the lap joint of the thermoplastic composite material and the metal to form a stable and reliable mechanical connecting joint and a laser connecting joint, and the welding joint of the metal plate and the rivet made of the same material is added, so that the advantages of the laser welding technology and the mechanical riveting technology are combined, the tensile strength and the fatigue performance of the lap joint structure of the thermoplastic composite material and the light metal can be obviously improved, and the connecting joint is ensured to have good sealing performance.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the assembly of the rivet of the present invention with a metal plate or a thermoplastic composite plate;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of laser rivet welding of a thermoplastic composite plate and a metal plate according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a top view of FIG. 2;
in the figure: 1-thermoplastic composite material plate, 2-metal plate, 3-rivet and 4-laser beam.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention aims to provide a laser riveting welding method for a thermoplastic composite material and metal lapping structure, which aims to solve the problems in the prior art, can obviously improve the tensile strength and fatigue property of the thermoplastic composite material and light metal lapping structure, and ensures that a connecting joint has good sealing property.
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in further detail below.
As shown in fig. 1-2, the present embodiment provides a laser rivet welding method for a thermoplastic composite material and a metal overlapping structure, which includes the following steps:
firstly, prefabricating through holes on a metal plate 2 and a thermoplastic composite material plate 1, wherein the through holes are used for driving rivets 3, and the aperture of each through hole is equal to the diameter of each rivet 3;
cleaning the thermoplastic composite material plate 1, the metal plate 2 and the rivet 3 to remove oil stains on the surface;
removing the oxide film on the surface of the metal plate 2, and then selectively prefabricating a microstructure on the surface of the metal joint to be welded;
the metal plate can be made of aluminum alloy, titanium alloy, magnesium alloy, stainless steel, carbon steel and the like, and the thermoplastic resin matrix of the thermoplastic composite material comprises: polyamide, polyimide, polypropylene, polyethylene, polyphenylene sulfide, polyether ether ketone, or the like.
The metal surface prefabricated microstructure comprises the following parts: linear groove-shaped, grid-shaped, conical raised structures, multi-hole, crater, rhombic array and other structures.
Driving a rivet 3 into the thermoplastic composite material plate 1 and then closely contacting the rivet with the metal plate 2, wherein the metal plate 2 is arranged above the thermoplastic composite material plate 1; clamping and fixing the lap joint to enable the metal plate 2 of the area to be connected to be tightly attached to the thermoplastic composite material plate 1 and the rivet 3; the rivet 3 and the metal plate 2 are made of the same material, and the length of the rivet 3 is equal to the sum of the thicknesses of the metal plate 2 and the thermoplastic composite material plate 1;
step five, laser welding is carried out on the lap joint; the shaped laser beam 4 heats the surface of the metal plate 2, under the heat action of the laser beam 4, the metal plate 2 with the prefabricated microstructure and the thermoplastic composite material plate 1 form a laser connection joint, and the metal plate 2 and the thermoplastic composite material plate 1 form a mechanical connection joint through the connection action of the rivet 3, and meanwhile, the metal plate 2 and the rivet 3 made of the same material form a laser welding joint.
In this embodiment, in the first step, the aperture value of the through hole is d, the length of the rivet 3 is t, and the thickness of the thermoplastic composite material plate 1 is t1The thickness value of the metal plate 2 is t2The distance from the center of the through hole to the edge of the plate is S; wherein t is t1+t2D/t ranges from 1 to 2, S/d>3。
In the second embodiment, in the second step, acetone is used to clean the thermoplastic composite material plate 1, the metal plate 2 and the rivet 3, and oil stains on the surfaces of the thermoplastic composite material plate, the metal plate and the rivet are removed; and (3) drying the thermoplastic composite material plate 1 with the greasy dirt on the surface in an air drying oven for 6 hours to remove residual moisture.
In this embodiment, in the third step, the oxide film on the surface of the metal plate 2 may be removed by femtosecond laser etching or chemical milling, and the method for prefabricating the microstructure on the surface of the metal joint to be welded includes: laser etching, mechanical milling, and the like.
In the fourth step of the present embodiment, the rivet 3 is assembled with the metal plate 2 and the thermoplastic composite plate 1 as shown in fig. 1, and the end face of the rivet 3 is located on a plane to be welded with the metal plate 2.
In the fifth embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, when the lap joint of the thermoplastic composite material plate 1 and the metal plate 2 is subjected to laser rivet welding, after the laser beam 4 is shaped, the light spot is a rectangular light spot with uniformly distributed energy, the length of the light spot is 4-7mm, the length of the light spot needs to be greater than the diameter of the rivet 3, and the width of the light spot is 1 mm; the laser power is 4000-; the clamping pressure is 0.5-2 MPa; after welding, the laser welding line penetration of the rivet 3 and the metal plate 2 is controlled to be 0.2-0.6mm by controlling the laser power and the welding speed.
The laser welding method for the metal lap joint of the thermoplastic composite material and the metal has the advantages that the stable and reliable mechanical joint and the laser joint are formed at the lap joint of the thermoplastic composite material and the metal through laser welding, the welded joint of the metal plate and the rivet made of the same material is additionally arranged, the advantages of the laser welding technology and the mechanical riveting technology are combined, the tensile strength and the fatigue performance of the lap joint structure of the thermoplastic composite material and the light metal can be obviously improved, and the good sealing performance of the joint is ensured.
The principle and the implementation mode of the invention are explained by applying specific examples, and the description of the above examples is only used for helping understanding the method and the core idea of the invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, the specific embodiments and the application range may be changed. In summary, this summary should not be construed to limit the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A laser riveting welding method for a thermoplastic composite material and a metal lap joint structure is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
prefabricating through holes in a metal plate and a thermoplastic composite material plate, wherein the through holes are used for driving rivets;
cleaning the thermoplastic composite material plate, the metal plate and the rivet to remove oil stains on the surface;
removing the oxide film on the surface of the metal plate, and then prefabricating a microstructure on the selected area on the surface of the metal joint to be welded of the metal plate;
driving the rivet into the thermoplastic composite material plate and then closely contacting the rivet with the metal plate;
and fifthly, laser welding the lap joint of the thermoplastic composite material plate and the metal plate.
2. The laser rivet welding method of the thermoplastic composite material and the metal lap joint structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: the rivet and the metal plate are made of the same material.
3. The laser rivet welding method of the thermoplastic composite material and the metal lap joint structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the first step, the aperture value of the through hole is d, and theThe aperture of the through hole is equal to the diameter of the rivet, the length of the rivet is t, and the value of d/t ranges from 1 to 2; the thickness value of the thermoplastic composite plate is t1The thickness value of the metal sheet is t2，t＝t1+t2(ii) a The distance from the center of the through hole to the edges of the thermoplastic composite plate and the metal plate is S, S/d>3。
4. The laser rivet welding method of the thermoplastic composite material and the metal lap joint structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: and in the second step, cleaning the thermoplastic composite material plate, the metal plate and the rivet by using acetone to remove surface oil stains.
5. The laser rivet welding method of the thermoplastic composite material and the metal lap joint structure according to claim 4, characterized in that: and in the second step, after removing oil stains on the surface of the thermoplastic composite material plate, placing the thermoplastic composite material plate in an air drying oven for drying for 6 hours.
6. The laser rivet welding method of the thermoplastic composite material and the metal lap joint structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: and in the third step, removing the oxide film on the surface of the metal plate by adopting a femtosecond laser etching or chemical milling mode.
7. The laser rivet welding method of the thermoplastic composite material and the metal lap joint structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: and in the third step, a microstructure is prefabricated on the surface of the metal joint to be welded of the metal plate in a selective area by adopting a laser etching or mechanical milling mode.
8. The laser rivet welding method of the thermoplastic composite material and the metal lap joint structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the fourth step, the lap joint of the thermoplastic composite material plate and the metal plate is clamped and fixed, and the clamping pressure is 0.5-2MPa, so that the metal plate, the thermoplastic composite material and the rivet in the area to be connected are tightly attached; the end face of the rivet and the metal plate are on a plane to be welded.
9. The laser rivet welding method of the thermoplastic composite material and the metal lap joint structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: and fifthly, heating the surface of the metal plate through laser beams, forming a laser connection joint and a mechanical connection joint for connecting a rivet through the metal plate and the thermoplastic composite material plate after the microstructure is prefabricated under the thermal action of the laser beams, and forming a laser welding joint through the metal plate and the rivet.
10. The laser rivet welding method of the thermoplastic composite material and the metal lap joint structure according to claim 9, characterized in that: after the laser beam is shaped, the light spot of the laser beam is a rectangular light spot with uniformly distributed energy, the length of the rectangular light spot is 4-7mm, and the length of the rectangular light spot is larger than the diameter of the rivet; the width of the rectangular light spot is 1 mm; the laser power of the laser beam is 4000-6000W, the welding speed is 40-65mm/s, and the laser weld penetration of the rivet and the metal plate is 0.2-0.6mm after welding.
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| CN202110521466.6A CN113246486A (en) | 2021-05-13 | 2021-05-13 | Laser riveting welding method for thermoplastic composite material and metal lap joint structure |
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| CN202110521466.6A CN113246486A (en) | 2021-05-13 | 2021-05-13 | Laser riveting welding method for thermoplastic composite material and metal lap joint structure |
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Cited By (2)
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| CN115319267A (en) * | 2022-08-19 | 2022-11-11 | 国家高速列车青岛技术创新中心 | High-strength alloy heterogeneous lap joint and low-heat-input preparation method thereof |
| CN116039104A (en) * | 2023-01-17 | 2023-05-02 | 大连理工大学 | Method for connecting metal and nonmetal materials by stud welding |
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| CN116039104A (en) * | 2023-01-17 | 2023-05-02 | 大连理工大学 | Method for connecting metal and nonmetal materials by stud welding |
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