CN113414496A - Method for enhancing connection strength of composite material and metal through ultrafast laser treatment - Google Patents
Method for enhancing connection strength of composite material and metal through ultrafast laser treatment Download PDFInfo
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- CN113414496A CN113414496A CN202110593988.7A CN202110593988A CN113414496A CN 113414496 A CN113414496 A CN 113414496A CN 202110593988 A CN202110593988 A CN 202110593988A CN 113414496 A CN113414496 A CN 113414496A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/352—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring for surface treatment
- B23K26/355—Texturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/352—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring for surface treatment
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/36—Removing material
- B23K26/362—Laser etching
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for enhancing the connection strength of a composite material and metal by ultrafast laser treatment. According to the invention, the purpose of effectively removing the oxide film thin layer of the metal material is achieved by controlling the process parameters such as the ultra-fast laser scanning line spacing, the laser power, the scanning speed and the like, then, the microstructure is etched on the metal surface after the oxide film is removed by adopting the ultra-fast laser, the mechanical anchoring effect of the heterostructure joint is improved by increasing the actual connecting area of the fiber reinforced composite material and the metal material, and the shear strength of the connecting joint is greatly improved. The method has the advantages of strong structural controllability, high efficiency, no pollution and the like, and has better industrial application prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a connection of a Fiber Reinforced Plastic (FRP) and a metal material dissimilar material, belonging to the technical field of advanced manufacturing.
Background
Fiber Reinforced Plastic (FRP) has high specific strength, good corrosion resistance, excellent fatigue resistance and other properties, and is widely applied in the fields of aerospace, automobile manufacturing and the like. The metal material has the advantages of good machinability, thermal conductivity, low cost and the like. In order to fully exert the excellent performances of the two materials, the connection between FRP and metal materials is inevitably involved in large structural members such as airplanes, automobiles and the like.
In the related research results at home and abroad, the bonding and welding are the common connection modes of FRP and metal materials. However, the heterostructure joints obtained by gluing and welding have poor mechanical properties, limiting the development of industrial applications. The reason for the poor mechanical properties of the joint is mainly due to the fact that the actual combination area of the heterostructure at the interface is small, and the mechanical anchoring effect is poor.
In addition, since a metal material such as an aluminum alloy contains an active element, a thick oxide film is formed on the surface thereof. In the process of connecting the FRP and the metal material, the oxide film on the metal side of the connecting interface has a heat insulation effect, and is not beneficial to the heat transfer at the interface. The existing research mainly removes the oxide film on the surface layer of the metal through mechanical treatment and chemical cleaning. However, mechanical processing is difficult to control, and the heterostructure linker connection interface bonding effect is unstable. The chemical cleaning process is complicated and generates gas polluting the environment.
Therefore, there is a need in the art for an improved method for reinforcing a lap joint of a fiber-reinforced composite material and a metal material, which can remove an oxide film at a joint interface and can greatly improve mechanical properties of a heterostructure joint.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for strengthening an FRP/metal material lap joint based on ultrafast laser pretreatment, which aims to improve the connection strength and the connection effect.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows.
The invention provides a method for enhancing the connection strength of a composite material and metal by ultrafast laser treatment, which comprises the following steps:
step S1, removing the thin oxide film at the metal material connection interface by ultrafast laser;
and step S2, etching a microstructure on the surface of the metal material after the oxide film is removed by adopting ultrafast laser.
Preferably, the ultrafast laser in step S1 refers to a laser with a pulse width of picoseconds and femtosecond level.
Preferably, the step S2 is to etch a plurality of different microstructures on the surface of the metal material by using an ultrafast laser.
Preferably, the etching density in the microstructure is 20-80%, wherein the etching density is the ratio of the material removal area to the whole area.
The invention provides a method for strengthening a connecting joint of dissimilar materials, wherein the dissimilar materials comprise a metal material and a fiber reinforced composite (FRP), and the method comprises the following steps:
step S1, removing the thin oxide film at the metal material connection interface by ultrafast laser;
step S2, etching a microstructure on the surface of the metal material with the oxide film removed by adopting ultrafast laser;
step S3, connecting the metal material with a fiber reinforced composite material.
Preferably, the metal material is an aluminum alloy, a titanium alloy, a superalloy, carbon steel, stainless steel, or a magnesium alloy. The fiber reinforced composite material is a fiber reinforced thermoplastic or thermosetting resin-based composite material, and the reinforcing phase is carbon fiber, glass fiber or aramid fiber.
Preferably, the joining means comprises laser joining, friction stir welding, resistance welding, ultrasonic welding, injection mold welding, induction welding or gluing.
Through the technical scheme, the invention can obtain the following advantages.
1) The ultrafast laser removes oxidation film has advantages such as the structure controllability is strong, efficient and pollution-free, when realizing that high efficiency gets rid of metal material top layer oxidation film, can guarantee stable effect of getting rid of, is favorable to industrial field's application.
2) The 'cold processing' realized by the ultrafast laser has a smaller heat affected zone and does not generate defects such as air holes, cracks and the like. The process method greatly improves the pretreatment efficiency, greatly improves the heterostructure connector and can realize industrial application.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the region of action of the enhancement method according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of a calculation of etch density in the etched region of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a surface topography of the AA2060 aluminum lithium alloy after treatment in the embodiment of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a schematic drawing of a tensile test performed on the treated connection joint of the embodiment of FIG. 1;
FIG. 5 is a graph comparing shear strength of CFRP/AA2060 aluminum lithium alloy laser bonded joints before and after processing of the embodiment of FIG. 1;
FIG. 6 is a graph comparing the shear strength of a CFRP/AA2060 aluminum lithium alloy laser bonded joint processed according to the embodiment of FIG. 1 when the etched structure is a vertical structure and different etching densities.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
The embodiment provides a reinforcing method for an FRP/metal material connecting joint, which comprises the following steps:
and step S1, removing the thin oxide film at the metal material connecting interface by the ultrafast laser.
As an advanced processing technology, the ultra-fast laser can effectively inhibit thermal diffusion and realize cold processing. Therefore, the ultrafast laser has a unique advantage in removing the metal oxide film.
And step S2, etching a microstructure on the surface of the metal material after the oxide film is removed by adopting ultrafast laser.
The laser pre-etching treatment and the mechanical bonding strengthening process in the prior art, including sand paper polishing, shot blasting treatment and other machines, improve the mechanical anchoring effect of the connecting joint by increasing the actual bonding area of the FRP and the metal material. The technical scheme of the laser pre-etching treatment has the advantages of strong structure controllability, high processing efficiency and the like. Meanwhile, the microstructure prepared by laser can change the heat transfer form at the interface of the heterostructure, so that shrinkage air holes at the interface of the connector are reduced to a certain extent, and the reduction of air hole defects is beneficial to improving the strength of the heterostructure connector. The ultrafast laser has the advantages of ultra-narrow pulse width, ultra-high energy density and the like, has a small heat affected zone, and cannot generate defects such as air holes and cracks. The process method can prepare the microstructure with higher structure density, and greatly enhances the mechanical anchoring effect of the heterostructure interface.
The embodiment also provides a method for reinforcing the connection joint made of dissimilar materials, wherein the dissimilar materials comprise a metal material and a fiber reinforced composite (FRP), and the method comprises the following steps:
step S1, removing the thin oxide film at the metal material connection interface by ultrafast laser;
step S2, etching a microstructure on the surface of the metal material with the oxide film removed by adopting ultrafast laser;
step S3, connecting the metal material with a fiber reinforced composite (FRP).
The embodiment of the present invention is as follows.
1. Raw materials:
1) the high-strength 2060 aluminum-lithium alloy for aerospace has the material size of 60mm multiplied by 30mm multiplied by 2 mm.
2) PA 6-based composite material with a carbon fibre content of about 22% and material dimensions of 60mm by 25mm by 4 mm.
2. The process method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: and removing the oxide film by femtosecond laser.
The invention adopts a TruMicro5000 green light femtosecond laser and a hurrySCAN14 scanning galvanometer produced by SCANLAB company. The laser wavelength is 515nm, the pulse width is 800fs, the maximum power is 75W, and the focal spot diameter is 50 μm. The laser power used was 60W, the scanning speed was 2000mm/s, the scanning line pitch was 40 μm, and the number of scans was 2.
Step two: and (5) femtosecond laser etching the microstructure.
The laser adopted in the second step and the laser adopted in the first step are the same laser. Four etch profiles are shown in FIG. 3, including: (a) a linear line perpendicular to the stretching direction, (b) a linear line parallel to the stretching direction, (c) a grid pattern at an angle of 0 ° and 90 ° to the stretching direction, and (d) a grid pattern at an angle of 45 ° and 135 ° to the stretching direction.
The laser power adopted in the second step is 15W, the scanning speed is 2000mm/s, and the scanning times are 60. To ensure the same etch structure density, features (a) and (b) have a line spacing of 114 μm and features (c) and (d) have a line spacing of 200 μm.
Step three: CFRP was laser bonded to AA2060 aluminum lithium alloy.
The YLS-6000 type optical fiber laser produced by IPG has the advantages that the laser wavelength is 1070nm, the focal length of a collimating mirror is 200mm, the focal length of an integrating mirror is 200mm, the spot size is 0.6mm multiplied by 5.8mm, and the laser power and the connection speed are respectively 5kW and 60 mm/s.
3. Mechanical Property test
As shown in FIG. 4, the shear force of the heterostructure joints obtained according to the method of this example was tested using an MTS-370 tensile tester with a tensile loading rate of 0.5 mm/min. Cushion blocks are preset on two sides of the sample in the stretching process, and the connecting joint is ensured to be in the vertical direction.
The shear force pair of the CFRP/AA2060 aluminum lithium alloy laser connecting joint before and after being processed by the method of the invention is shown in FIG. 5. The average shear of the CFRP/AA2060 linker without any treatment was only 1939N. The oxide film was removed by a femtosecond laser, and the average shear force of the joints was increased to 2290N. When the etched structure is a vertical structure, the average shearing force of the joint is increased to 5361N which is about 2.8 times of that of the untreated joint; when the etching structure is a parallel structure, the joint is lifted to 5189N, which is about 2.7 times of the untreated joint; when the etching structure is a 90-degree grid structure, the average shearing force of the joint is increased to 5114N, which is about 2.6 times of that of an untreated joint; when the etching structure is a 45-degree grid structure, the average shearing force of the joint is increased to 4428N which is about 2.3 times of that of an untreated joint; the results show that: through femtosecond laser pretreatment, the mechanical property of the joint is greatly improved.
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the comparison of the shear strength of a CFRP/AA2060 aluminum lithium alloy laser connection joint processed by the method of the present invention when the etching structure is a vertical structure and different etching densities. In a preferred embodiment, the microstructure has an etch density of 20 to 80%, wherein the etch density is the ratio of the area of material removed to the area of the entire region.
The foregoing is considered as illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention in any way. Those skilled in the art can easily modify the embodiments of the present invention without departing from the scope of the present invention, and the technical content disclosed in the present invention can be modified and changed equivalently.
Claims (10)
1. A method for enhancing the connection strength of a composite material and metal by ultrafast laser treatment is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step S1, removing the thin oxide film at the metal connection interface by ultrafast laser;
and step S2, etching a microstructure on the metal surface after the oxide film is removed by adopting ultrafast laser.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the composite material is a fiber reinforced thermoplastic composite material or a fiber reinforced thermosetting composite material.
3. The method for enhancing the bonding strength of the composite material and the metal through the ultrafast laser treatment as claimed in claim 1, wherein the reinforcing phase of the composite material is carbon fiber, glass fiber or aramid fiber.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the metal is aluminum alloy, titanium alloy, superalloy, carbon steel, stainless steel or magnesium alloy.
5. The method for enhancing the bonding strength of a composite material and a metal by ultrafast laser processing as claimed in claim 1, wherein said ultrafast laser in step S1 is a picosecond and femtosecond laser.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the process parameters of removing the oxide film by the ultrafast laser in step S1 include line spacing of ultrafast laser scanning, laser power, scanning speed and scanning times.
7. The method for enhancing the bonding strength of the composite material and the metal by the ultrafast laser processing as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step S2 is to etch a plurality of different microstructures on the metal surface by the ultrafast laser.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the microstructure has an etch density of 20-80%, wherein the etch density is a ratio of a material removal area to an entire area.
9. A dissimilar material joining method, said dissimilar material comprising a metal material and a fiber reinforced composite (FRP), characterized by comprising the steps of:
step S1, removing the thin oxide film at the metal material connection interface by ultrafast laser;
step S2, etching a microstructure on the surface of the metal material with the oxide film removed by adopting ultrafast laser;
step S3, connecting the metal material with a fiber reinforced composite material.
10. The method for joining dissimilar materials according to claim 9, wherein the joining in step S3 comprises laser joining, friction stir welding, resistance welding, ultrasonic welding, injection mold welding, induction welding or gluing.
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Cited By (3)
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| CN114346616A (en) * | 2022-01-17 | 2022-04-15 | 哈焊国创(青岛)焊接工程创新中心有限公司 | Light alloy and fiber reinforced composite material heterojunction and preparation method thereof |
| CN115091039A (en) * | 2022-06-17 | 2022-09-23 | 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所 | Laser welding strengthening method for metal and carbon fiber reinforced composite material |
| CN115974574A (en) * | 2022-12-28 | 2023-04-18 | 广东工业大学 | Connecting piece of silicon carbide composite material and high-temperature alloy and connecting method and application thereof |
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| CN115974574B (en) * | 2022-12-28 | 2024-01-09 | 广东工业大学 | Connecting piece of silicon carbide composite material and high-temperature alloy, connecting method and application thereof |
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