CN113243458A - Novel prebiotics and application thereof in livestock and poultry breeding - Google Patents
Novel prebiotics and application thereof in livestock and poultry breeding Download PDFInfo
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- CN113243458A CN113243458A CN202110617017.1A CN202110617017A CN113243458A CN 113243458 A CN113243458 A CN 113243458A CN 202110617017 A CN202110617017 A CN 202110617017A CN 113243458 A CN113243458 A CN 113243458A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/30—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for swines
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/16—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions
- A23K10/18—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions of live microorganisms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/163—Sugars; Polysaccharides
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2400/00—Lactic or propionic acid bacteria
- A23V2400/41—Pediococcus
- A23V2400/427—Pentosaceus
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
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- Birds (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of livestock breeding, and particularly relates to a novel prebiotic and application thereof in livestock breeding, wherein the prebiotic comprises at least one of RS3 or RS4 type resistant starch, the content of a B type crystalline structure in the RS3 type or RS4 type resistant starch is not less than 80%, and the prebiotic can be fed to pigs, so that the prebiotic can obviously increase the content of probiotics in the bodies of the pigs, enhance the resistance of the pigs, have the effect of improving the chromatic value of meat, improve the sensory value and the meat color value of the meat quality, and have the promotion effect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of livestock and poultry breeding, and particularly relates to novel prebiotics and application thereof in livestock and poultry breeding.
Background
The resistant starch is also called as resistant starch, which can not be digested in stomach and small intestine, but can be used by microorganism in colon part, and can be fermented to produce short chain fatty acid. The RS3 type resistant starch is resistant starch with a compact structure formed by retrogradation or crystallization of starch, digestive enzymes cannot contact with a crystallization area, so alpha-1, 4 glycosidic bonds cannot be hydrolyzed, and the RS3 type resistant starch has a crystal structure which is mainly B type. The RS4 type resistant starch is chemically modified starch, which means that the starch is introduced with functional groups by a chemical method, thereby improving the resistance of the starch to enzymolysis. During heating or chewing, most of the resistant starch is retained.
At present, in the livestock and poultry breeding process of China, there is feed resource shortage, partial crop byproducts can not be effectively utilized, so that the nutrition of the livestock and poultry is unbalanced, the conversion efficiency after the feed is fed is low, the livestock and poultry can not be effectively absorbed and utilized, the waste of the feed is caused on one hand, the breeding cost is increased, and on the other hand, the dyspepsia is realized, so that the resistance of the livestock and poultry is reduced, the livestock and poultry are easily infected with diseases, and the breeding risk is increased.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide a novel prebiotic and application thereof, provides a new technical means for live pig breeding, and solves the problems in the background technology.
The invention specifically provides the following technical scheme:
a novel prebiotic comprises at least one resistant starch of the RS3 or RS4 type.
Preferably, the content of the B-type crystal structure in the resistant starch of RS3 type or RS4 type is not less than 80%.
In addition, the invention also provides a feed which comprises at least one of RS3 or RS4 type resistant starch.
A probiotic carrier comprising at least one of RS3 or RS4 resistant starch.
The invention also provides an application method of the prebiotics, and particularly the addition amount of the RS3 type or RS4 type resistant starch in the feed is 1-7%.
The addition amount of the RS3 or RS4 type resistant starch in the probiotic carrier is 30-60% by weight percentage.
Furthermore, the probiotic carrier also comprises 1-7 wt% of oligolactose, 5-12 wt% of skimmed milk powder, 5-17 wt% of fructose, 1-5 wt% of pectin, 2-8 wt% of maltodextrin, 1-7 wt% of glucan and 10-16 wt% of maltose.
The present invention has the following technical effects
1. In vivo experiments show that differential expression multiples of rectal contents penicillin metabolite Ascladiol, testosterone substance 4-estrenediol, chromone compounds 7-Hydroxy-2,5-dimethyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one, 2, 4-methylpentane-3-amine and binary linoleic acid are remarkably or extremely remarkably reduced, wherein the penicillin metabolite Ascladiol is reduced, which means that the intrarectal mould differential expression coefficient is reduced, the method has a promotion effect on reducing disease risks, the 4-estrenediol differential expression coefficient is reduced, the method has a promotion effect on improving meat quality and flavor, and the reduction of the 2, 4-methylpentane-3-amine and binary linoleic acid differential expression coefficient indicates that fatty acid metabolism is promoted. The differential expression coefficients of alpha-trisaccharide, 4 beta- (2-aminoethylthio) epicatechin 3-gallate, 2, 3-dipicolinic acid, L-trans-alpha-amino-2-carboxycyclopropaneacetic acid and ethylene glycol stearate are obviously or extremely obviously increased.
2. In-vivo experiments show that the addition of RS3 type resistant starch has the effect of increasing the number of bacterial species in the cecal tract of the pig, and has promotion significance for healthy cultivation and improvement of disease resistance.
3. In-vivo experiments show that after RS3 type resistant starch is added into feed of fattening pigs, the relative abundance of bacteria including Bacillus thuringiensis, Geobacillus terrestris, Romboutsia and Lachnospiraceae _ XPB1014_ group in cecal contents is remarkably or extremely remarkably improved, the relative abundance of conditional pathogenic bacteria streptococcus is remarkably reduced, the Bacillus thuringiensis is inversely proportional to fat and proportional to the improvement of lean meat percentage, the Romboutsia is proportional to the health state of mucosa, the streptococcus is conditional pathogenic bacteria, and the improvement of the relative abundance is proportional to the incidence of diseases, so that the addition of the resistant starch RS3 has a promoting effect on meat quality improvement, intestinal mucosa health and incidence reduction.
4. In-vivo experiments show that after RS3 type resistant starch is added into fattening pig feed, the relative abundance of norak _ f _ Murebacteriaceae, Zuricobacter, Geobacillus, Romboutsia, Lactobacillus and Clostridium 1 in rectum contents is remarkably or extremely remarkably increased on the genus level, while the relative abundance of streptococcus is extremely remarkably reduced.
5. Animal experiments show that after RS3 type resistant starch is added, the brightness difference value and the brightness difference value of longissimus dorsi of pigs are reduced, and the red-green value difference and the total color value are obviously or extremely obviously improved, so that the resistant starch has the effect of improving the chromatic value of meat, and has the promotion effect on improving the sensory perception and the color value of meat quality.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows a diagram based on a species level wien diagram analysis (caecum content).
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to specific examples. The following resistant starch RS3 types were obtained from commercial sources, and were examined to have a B-type crystal structure content of 85% and the balance of a-or V-type crystal structures, and the following resistant starch RS4 type had a B-type crystal structure content of 87% and the balance of V-type crystal structures.
Example 1
Selecting "float on cloud
The corn-soybean meal type complete feed is designed and produced by referring to Chinese pig feeding standards (NY/T65-2004) (25% Duroc 25% x Taihu pigs 25% x Diqing Tibetan pigs 50%), RS3 type resistant starch can be added according to 1% of the mass ratio of the feed for nursery pigs, 2% RS3 type resistant starch is added below 60kg in the growing and fattening stage, 3% RS3 type resistant starch is added for fattening pigs above 60kg, and the highest addition amount of the sows is 7% when the sows reach 120 kg.
Example 2
Selecting "float on cloud
The corn-soybean meal type complete feed is designed and produced by referring to Chinese pig feeding standards (NY/T65-2004) (25% Duroc 25% x Taihu pigs 25% x Diqing Tibetan pigs 50%), RS4 type resistant starch can be added according to 1% of the mass ratio of the feed for nursery pigs, 2% RS4 type resistant starch is added below 60kg in the growing and fattening stage, 3% RS4 type resistant starch is added for fattening pigs above 60kg, and the highest addition amount of the sow feed for pregnant sow which exceeds 120kg is 6%.
Example 3
Selecting "float on cloud
"(Duroc 25% × Tai lake pig 25% × Diqing tibet pig 50%), referring to Chinese pig feeding standard (NY/T65-2004), corn-soybean meal type complete feed is designed and produced, RS3 type resistant starch and RS4 type resistant starch are mixed according to the mass ratio of 2:1, mixed powder can be added according to 1% of the feed mass ratio aiming at nursery pigs, 2% mixed powder is added below 60kg in the growing and fattening stage, 3% mixed powder is added for fattening pigs above 60kg, and the highest addition amount can be 4% aiming at pregnant sows and sows above 120 kg.
Example 4
The test was carried out at the academy of animal husbandry and veterinary sciences of Yunnan province, and "float on the cloud" was selected
"(Duroc 25% × Taihu pigs 25% × Diqing tibetan pigs 50%), and 20 healthy fattening pigs with an average weight of about 95 kg. Randomized into 2 groups (1 test and 1 control) of 2 replicates each with 5 replicates each. The control group daily ration is the basic daily ration, 3% of RS3 type resistant starch in example 1 is added to the test group daily ration, pigs eat and drink water freely, the conventional immunity and the insect repelling are carried out, the disease condition of piglets is observed and recorded every day in the test period, the test period is 28 days totally, wherein the positive test period is 21 days, and the intestinal contents and longisimus dorsi muscle are slaughtered and analyzed after the test is finished.
Test results
The otu (operational Taxonomic units) is a unified mark artificially set for a certain classification unit (strain, genus, species, group, etc.) in phylogenetic or population genetics research for the convenience of analysis. The pig feces of the experimental group and the control group were analyzed by high throughput sequencing technology, and the results of analysis based on species level wain chart showed that the number of species of bacteria in the cecum with the addition of RS3 type resistant starch was 369, the unique number of which was 35, as shown in FIG. 1, and thus it can be seen that the RS3 type resistant starch can increase the number of bacterial species in the cecum of pigs
TABLE 1Alpha diversity analysis (caecum content)
| Grouping | Ace index | Chao1 index | Coverage index | Shannon index | Simpson index |
| Group | Ace index | Chao1 index | Coverage index | Shannon index | Simpson index |
| Control group | 869.69±38.81 | 882.80±63.26 | 0.9945±0.00076 | 4.10±0.54 | 0.12±0.072 |
| Test group | 882.74±51.11 | 885.17±74.30 | 0.9950±0.00028 | 4.48±0.23 | 0.05±0.02 1 |
Alpha diversity is one of the indexes reflecting the species diversity of samples, wherein the higher the shannon index, the Ace index and the Chao1 index are, and the lower the simpson index is, the higher the species diversity is. From table 1 above, it can be seen that the shannon index, the Ace index and the Chao1 index after the addition of the RS3 type resistant starch are increased, and the simpson index is decreased, which indicates that the species diversity of the test group is higher than that of the control group, and indicates that the RS3 type resistant starch has a tendency of increasing the diversity of the flora Alpha.
Table 2 Effect of RS3 addition on dominant flora structure of ceca level of fattening pigs
Note: the shoulder marks in the same row are marked with different lower case letters to indicate significant difference (P < 0.05), the different upper case letters to indicate significant difference (P < 0.01), the shoulder marks without letters or data are marked with the same letters to indicate insignificant difference (P >0.05), the following table is the same as
According to the classification result analysis on the genus level in the table 2, after RS3 type resistant starch is added into the feed of the fattening pigs, 17 bacteria in the caecum content of the fattening pigs have relative abundance of more than 1% on the genus level, the relative abundance of the Zuricobacter, the Geobacillus, the Romboutsia and the Lachnospiraceae _ XPB1014_ group is obviously improved or extremely obviously improved, and the relative abundance of the streptococcus is obviously reduced. Wherein Lachnospiraceae is associated with integrity of the host intestinal mucosa, bile acid metabolism and polysaccharide breakdown. The streptococcus is a common bacterium in the pig intestinal tract, and the streptococcus part in the pig intestinal tract is a pathogenic bacterium and a common pathogenic bacterium in the breeding process, so that the growth performance can be reduced, and the morbidity can be improved. The bacillus thuringiensis is inversely proportional to the level of bile acid and the level of blood sugar, mediates the improvement of alpha-linolenic acid on endotoxemia, and has influence on the expression of a plurality of pathways in lipid and cholesterol metabolism; romboutsia is significantly inversely related to blood pressure, blood glucose and body fat.
Table 3 shows the influence of RS3 on the dominant flora structure of the cecum level of the fattening pigs
| Item | Control group C | Test group RS3 |
| Firmicutes of Firmicutes | 77.33±5.31 | 79.98±3.62 |
| Bacteroides of Bacteroides | 18.95±5.02 | 15.52±2.18 |
| Spirochaetes | 1.82±0.46 | 2.10±1.53 |
According to the classification results analysis of the phylum levels in Table 3, it was found that the ratio of firmicutes increased and the ratio of bacteroidetes decreased but the difference was not significant.
TABLE 4 Effect of RS 3-type resistant starch addition on the dominant flora structure at the rectal level in fattening pigs
According to the table 4, after the resistant starch RS3 type is added into the feed of the fattening pigs, 21 intrarectal flora with the relative abundance exceeding 1 percent belong to the genus level. Relative abundance of norak _ f _ muribacteriae, bacillus thuringiensis, geobacillus, romboutia, lactobacillus, and clostridium sp all increased significantly or very significantly, while streptococcus decreased very significantly. The control group showed very little change compared to the relative abundance of Streptococcus in caecum, whereas the test group with the addition of resistant starch RS3 showed a decrease in the relative abundance of Streptococcus.
Table 5 Effect of addition of resistant starch RS3 on the longest muscle color value of the back of finishing pigs
| Item | Test group RS3 | Control group C | |
| Luminance value L | 37.36±2.14 | 39.14±1.05 | |
| Red green value a | 6.33±1.31 | 4.77±1.01 | |
| Yellow-blue value b | 2.98±0.44 | 2.68±0.33 | |
| Brightness difference Δ L | -2.54a±0.69 | -1.25b±0.37 | |
| Difference in red-green value Δ a | 2.09a±1.18 | 0.71b±0.21 | |
| Difference in yellow-blue value Δ b | 0.72±0.44 | 0.43±0.29 | |
| Total colour number Δ E | 3.74A±01.05 | 1.68B±0.62 | |
| Direction value of light intensity DeltaL | -3.09a±1.08 | -1.31b±0.37 | |
| Red and yellow values direction value delta a | 2.26±1.59 | 1.01±0.30 | |
| Yellow-blue direction value delta b | 0.82±0.39 | 0.80±0.34 | |
| Chrominance value C | 9.09±1.69 | 7.09±1.11 | |
| Hue angle h | 27.09±1.56 | 31.28±6.33 | |
| Difference in chromaticityValue Δ C | 2.23±0.98 | 1.21±0.24 |
As can be seen from table 5 above, after RS3 type resistant starch is added, the brightness difference and brightness difference of longissimus dorsi of pigs are reduced, and the red-green value difference and total color value are significantly or extremely significantly improved, which indicates that the resistant starch has the effect of improving the color value of meat.
TABLE 6 Effect of RS 3-type resistant starch on the longest muscle amino acid in the back of fattening pigs
As can be seen from table 6 above, the amino acid level in the longissimus dorsi of pigs was slightly increased by adding RS3 type resistant starch, but the difference was not significant, indicating that the amino acid level tended to increase by adding resistant starch.
TABLE 7 differential metabolites before relative expression 10 in positive and negative ion modes
Note: FC (D/C): fold differential expression of metabolites between the two groups (fold change).
As can be seen from Table 7 above, after the RS3 type resistant starch is added, the differential expression fold of penicillin metabolites Ascladiol, testosterone substances 4-estrenediol, chromone compounds 7-Hydroxy-2,5-dimethyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one, 2, 4-methylpentane-3-amine and dilinoleic acid in rectal contents is remarkably or extremely remarkably reduced, and the differential expression coefficients of alpha-trisaccharide, 4 beta- (2-aminoethyl thio) epicatechin 3-gallate, 2, 3-dipicolinic acid, L-trans-alpha-amino-2-carboxyl cyclopropaneacetic acid and ethylene glycol stearate are remarkably or extremely remarkably increased. The testosterone substance is in inverse proportion to the meat flavor, and the difference expression coefficient is reduced after the resistant starch is added, so that the testosterone substance has a promoting effect on the improvement of the meat flavor. Ascladiol is associated with mould metabolism, indicating that after the addition of resistant starch, its metabolic action is inhibited.
Example 4
The test was carried out at the academy of animal husbandry and veterinary sciences of Yunnan province, and "float on the cloud" was selected
"(Duroc 25% × Taihu pigs 25% × Diqing tibetan pigs 50%), and 20 healthy fattening pigs with an average weight of about 95 kg. Randomized into 2 groups (1 test and 1 control) of 2 replicates each with 5 replicates each. The test period was 28 days. The control group daily ration is the basic daily ration, 3% of the RS4 resistant starch in the example 1 is added to the test group daily ration, pigs freely eat and drink water, the conventional immunity and the insect expelling are carried out, the disease condition of piglets is observed and recorded every day in the test period, the test period is 28 days, the positive test period is 21 days, and the intestinal contents and longisimus dorsi are slaughtered and analyzed after the test is finished.
Assay analysis
Table 8 Effect of RS4 addition on dominant flora structure at cecal level in fattening pigs
Note: the shoulder marks in the same row are marked with different lower case letters to indicate significant difference (P < 0.05), the different upper case letters to indicate significant difference (P < 0.01), the shoulder marks without letters or data are marked with the same letters to indicate insignificant difference (P >0.05), the following table is the same as
According to table 8, it is shown that the relative abundance of 14 bacteria at the genus level in cecum samples is greater than 1% after addition of resistant starch RS4 type to the diets of fattening pigs, wherein the relative abundance of geobacillus, romboutia and clostridium strictipes is significantly or very significantly increased, and the relative abundance of the rikeniaceae RC9 intestinal flora, prevotella UCG-003 and lactobacillus is significantly decreased. Romboutsia is significantly negatively correlated with blood pressure, blood sugar and body fat, and Clostridium is significantly correlated with disease resistance and short chain fatty acid production.
Table 9 shows the influence of RS4 on the dominant flora structure of the cecum level of the fattening pigs
| Control group C | Test group RS4 | |
| Firmicutes of Firmicutes | 77.33±5.31 | 80.67±3.38 |
| Bacteroides of Bacteroides | 18.95±5.02 | 14.35±3.73 |
| Spirochaetes | 1.82±0.46 | 2.66±1.12 |
According to the classification results of the phylum levels in Table 9, it was found that the ratio of firmicutes was increased and the ratio of Bacteroides was decreased, but the difference was not significant.
TABLE 10 Effect of addition of resistant starch RS4 on the dominant flora structure at the rectal level in finishing pigs
After RS4 type resistant starch is added into the feed of fattening pigs, the relative abundance of 19 bacteria in rectal samples is more than 1%, wherein the relative abundance of terribacillus, Romboutsia and Clostridium stringensis is obviously or extremely obviously improved.
TABLE 11 Effect of RS 4-type resistant starch on the muscle color of finishing pigs
| Item | Control group C | Test group RS4 |
| Luminance value L | 39.14±1.05 | 39.62±2.62 |
| Red green value a | 4.77±1.01 | 7.17±0.46 |
| Yellow-blue value b | 2.68a±0.33 | 3.95b±0.62 |
| Brightness difference Δ L | -1.25±0.37 | -1.34±0.71 |
| Difference in red-green value Δ a | 0.71±0.21 | 2.57±0.47 |
| Difference in yellow-blue value Δ b | 0.43a±0.29 | 1.39b±0.40 |
| Total colour number Δ E | 1.68±0.62 | 3.41±0.59 |
| Direction value of light intensity DeltaL | -1.31±0.37 | -1.85±0.23 |
| Red and yellow values direction value delta a | 1.01±0.30 | 3.16±0.63 |
| Yellow-blue direction value delta b | 0.80A±0.34 | 1.94B±0.45 |
| Chrominance value C | 7.09±1.11 | 10.31±0.57 |
| Hue angle h | 31.28±6.33 | 28.62±3.40 |
| Value of color difference Δ C | 1.21a±0.24 | 3.73b±0.58 |
From the above table 11, it can be seen that the yellow-blue value, the difference of the yellow-blue value and the difference of the chromaticity of the longissimus dorsi of the fattening pigs are all improved after the RS4 type resistant starch is added, which indicates that the addition of the RS4 type resistant starch has a promoting effect on the change of the meat color.
TABLE 12 differential metabolites before relative expression 10 in positive and negative ion modes
Note: FC (D/C): fold differential expression of metabolites between the two groups (fold change).
As can be seen from table 12 above, after RS 4-type resistant starch was added, the differential expression fold of 3-fucosyllactose, 3-hydroxyadipate-6-lactone, α -trisaccharide, lipoyl lysine and prolyl valine in the rectal contents was significantly or very significantly increased, and the differential expression coefficients of dodecanedioic acid, 7Z, 10Z-hexadecadienoic acid, galactosyl-4-hydroxyproline, 4-hydroxycinnamaldehyde and 9-hydroxy-12Z-octadecenoic acid were significantly or very significantly decreased. Dodecanedioic acid, 7Z, 10Z-hexadecadienoic acid and 9-hydroxy-12Z-octadecenoic acid are lipid metabolites, which are positively correlated with body lipid deposition. The sulfur octanoyl lysine is an important component of certain enzymes, participates in digestion and metabolism, and the 3-fucosyllactose can prevent escherichia coli from colonizing in intestinal tracts and has a prevention effect on inflammatory enteritis.
The above data taken together show that:
1. the functions of the RS4 type resistant starch in intestinal tract provided by the invention comprise: in the caecum, the relative abundance of the geobacillus, the Romboutsia and the Clostridium is obviously or extremely obviously improved, and the relative abundance of the RC9 intestinal group of the Ribonellaceae, the UCG-003 and the Lactobacillus is obviously or extremely obviously reduced; in the rectum, the relative abundance of Geobacillus, Romboutsia and Clostridium stringensis is significantly or very significantly increased.
2. In-vivo experiments show that the differential expression times of 3-fucosyllactose, 3-hydroxyadipic acid-6-lactone, alpha-trisaccharide, lipoyl lysine and prolyl valine in intestinal tracts are remarkably or extremely remarkably improved, and the differential expression coefficients of dodecanedioic acid, 7Z, 10Z-hexadecadienoic acid, galactosyl-4-hydroxyproline, 4-hydroxycinnamaldehyde and 9-hydroxy-12Z-octadecenoic acid in the intestinal tracts are remarkably or extremely remarkably reduced.
3. Animal experiments show that after RS4 type resistant starch is added, the yellow-blue value, the difference of the yellow-blue value and the difference of the chromaticity of the longissimus dorsi of the fattening pigs are improved.
Example 5
The preparation of the probiotic carrier comprises the following steps: 60% of RS3 type resistant starch, 5% of oligolactose, 10% of skimmed milk powder, 5% of fructose, 3% of pectin, 2% of maltodextrin, 5% of glucan and 10% of maltose. The extract is dissolved in water at a ratio of 5%, and spray-dried for coating Bacillus belgii as its carrier. The concentration of the bacteria is 109CFU/g。
The test was carried out at the academy of animal husbandry and veterinary sciences of Yunnan province, and "float on the cloud" was selected
"(Duroc 25%. times.Taihu pigs 25%. times.Diqing Tibetan pigs 50%), and 20 pigs with an average weight of about 80 kg. Groups were randomized into 2 groups (1 test group and 1 control group). The test period was 28 days. Adding dry Bacillus beilis powder into control group daily ration as basic daily ration, adding 1010CFU/Kg Bacillus beilis with RS3 type resistant starch carrier into test group daily ration, wherein pigs only feed and drink freely, and have conventional immunity and anthelmintic effects, wherein the disease occurrence condition of piglets is observed and recorded every day in the test period, the test period is 21 days totally, and the test is started and endedBody weight.
TABLE 13 pig diarrhea Rate and survival Rate
As shown in table 13, the average daily gain of the test group increased and the diarrhea rate and constipation decreased after adding bacillus belgii with resistant starch as a carrier, indicating that it has a promoting effect on the probiotic effect of probiotics after being used as a carrier.
Example 6
The preparation of the probiotic carrier comprises the following steps: 55% of RS3 type resistant starch, 5% of oligolactose, 10% of skim milk powder, 5% of fructose, 3% of pectin, 2% of maltodextrin, 5% of glucan and 15% of maltose. Is used for the pediococcus pentosaceus carrier. The concentration of the bacteria is 109CFU/g。
The test was carried out at the academy of animal husbandry and veterinary sciences of Yunnan province, and "float on the cloud" was selected
"(Duroc 25%. times.Taihu pigs 25%. times.Diqing Tibetan pigs 50%), and 20 pigs with an average body weight of about 100 kg. Groups were randomized into 2 groups (1 test group and 1 control group). The test period was 21 days. Adding dry pediococcus pentosaceus powder into a control group daily ration as a basic daily ration, adding 1010CFU/Kg of pediococcus pentosaceus with an RS3 type resistant starch carrier into a test group daily ration, freely feeding and drinking pigs, carrying out conventional immunization and insect repelling, observing and recording the morbidity of piglets in a test period every day, wherein the test period is 21 days, and weighing the weight at the beginning and the end of the test.
TABLE 14 pig diarrhea Rate and survival Rate
| Average daily gain (g) | The diarrhea rate% | The rate of constipation is% | The survival rate is high | |
| Control group | 781.7 | 3.81％ | 0.48％ | 100％ |
| Test group | 785.6 | 3.33％ | 0％ | 100％ |
As shown in table 14, the increase in average daily gain and the decrease in diarrhea rate and constipation in the test groups after addition of pediococcus pentosaceus with resistant starch as a carrier demonstrated that it has a promoting effect on the probiotic effect of probiotics after being used as a carrier.
Example 7
The probiotic carrier is: 60% of RS4 type resistant starch, 3% of oligolactose, 5% of skim milk powder, 15% of fructose, 3% of pectin, 2% of maltodextrin, 2% of glucan and 10% of maltose. A carrier for Weissella mesenteroides. The concentration of the bacteria is 1010CFU/Kg。
The test was carried out at the academy of animal husbandry and veterinary sciences of Yunnan province, and "float on the cloud" was selected
"(Duroc 25%. times.Taihu pigs 25%. times.Diqing Tibetan pigs 50%), and 20 pigs with an average weight of about 25 kg. Randomly divided into 2 groups (1 trial)Test group and 1 control group). The test period was 28 days. The control group daily ration is the basic daily ration, the dry Weissella mesenteroides powder is added, the test group daily ration is added with 1010CFU/Kg Weissella mesenteroides with RS3 type resistant starch carriers, pigs only eat and drink water freely, the immunity and the insect expelling are performed conventionally, the disease condition of piglets is observed and recorded every day in the test period, the test period is 21 days totally, and the weight is weighed after the test is started and finished.
TABLE 15 pig diarrhea rate and survival rate
| Average daily gain (g) | The diarrhea rate% | The rate of constipation is% | The survival rate is high | |
| Control group | 615.6 | 5.23％ | 0％ | 100％ |
| Test group | 627.8 | 4.29％ | 0％ | 100％ |
After Weissella mesenteroides added with RS4 type resistant starch as a carrier, the average daily gain of a test group is increased, and the diarrhea rate and constipation are reduced, which shows that the Weissella mesenteroides added with RS4 type resistant starch as a carrier has a promoting effect on the probiotic effect of probiotics.
Claims (10)
1. A novel prebiotic comprising at least one resistant starch of the RS3 or RS4 type.
2. A novel prebiotic according to claim 1, characterised in that the resistant starch of RS3 or RS4 has a B-type crystalline structure content of not less than 80%.
3. Use of a novel prebiotic according to claim 1 or 2 in livestock breeding.
4. The use according to claim 3, wherein the livestock and poultry are pigs.
5. A feed comprising at least one of RS3 or RS4 resistant starch.
6. The feed as claimed in claim 5, wherein the resistant starch of RS3 or RS4 is added to the feed in an amount of 1-7%.
7. A probiotic carrier, characterized in that it comprises at least one of RS3 or RS4 type resistant starch.
8. The probiotic carrier according to claim 6, characterized in that the resistant starch of RS3 or RS4 type is added in the probiotic carrier in an amount of 30-60% by weight.
9. The probiotic carrier according to claim 8, further comprising, by weight, from 1% to 7% of oligolactose, from 5% to 12% of skim milk powder, from 5% to 17% of fructose, from 1% to 5% of pectin, from 2% to 8% of maltodextrin, from 1% to 7% of dextran, and from 10% to 16% of maltose.
10. The probiotic of claim 8 or 9 being one of pediococcus pentosaceus, weissella mesenteroides, bacillus belgii.
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