CN113242031A - Device for improving utilization efficiency of pulse compression energy - Google Patents
Device for improving utilization efficiency of pulse compression energy Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a device for improving the utilization efficiency of pulse compression energy, which comprises an arbitrary waveform generator, a high-power amplifier, a high-power circulator, a large-scale metal cavity and a radiation antenna, wherein an output port OUT1 of the arbitrary waveform generator is connected with an input port IN1 of the high-power amplifier; the output port OUT2 of the high-power amplifier is connected with the input port IN2 of the high-power circulator; the output OUT3 of the high-power circulator is connected with the input port IN3 of the large metal cavity, and the coupling output port OUT5 of the high-power circulator is connected with the coupling input port IN5 of the large metal cavity; the large metal cavity output port OUT4 is connected to the radiating antenna input port IN 4. The invention feeds in and utilizes the microwave energy reflected by the input port of the large-scale metal cavity, effectively increases the output signal power under the condition of unchanged input signal power, and improves the energy utilization efficiency in the pulse compression process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a device for improving the utilization efficiency of pulse compression energy, which is used for solving the problem of low utilization efficiency of microwave energy in the process of path coding pulse compression and belongs to the technical field of high-power microwaves.
Background
The pulse compression technology can be used for compressing us-level long pulses to ns-level narrow pulses and obtaining a certain power gain, and microwave pulses with high peak power can be realized, so that the application of the pulse compression technology is an effective way for obtaining the HPM. The current pulse compression technology applied to the field of HPM mainly has SES, SLED type and the like, and the basic principle is to inject pulses with wide pulse width into a resonant cavity for energy storage, and then utilize a switch to mismatch the resonant cavity to obtain narrow pulses. Generally, the pulse width is related to the size of the resonator, and the pulse power is greatly improved in the compression process. But limited by the microwave open-tube performance, it is difficult to obtain high peak power microwave pulses by such pulse compression methods.
The pulse compression technology based on the path coding does not adopt a microwave switch, codes phases and frequencies of microwave long pulses at different moments, and then realizes the compression of the microwave pulses on a time dimension by utilizing the multipath effect of a large-sized metal cavity with two ports. The principle is that coded microwave long pulses are fed into the large metal cavity through the input port, and after the coded microwave long pulses are transmitted in the large metal cavity, narrow pulses with narrowed pulse width and improved peak power are formed at the output port of the large metal cavity. In order to obtain a good pulse compression effect, all the microwave energy fed into the large metal cavity from the input port is required to be collected at the output port for output.
However, because the large metal cavity is a passive structure, after the large metal cavity is excited by the microwave long pulse fed in from the input port, part of microwave energy is reflected from the input port of the large metal cavity after the microwave long pulse is reflected for many times on the side wall of the large metal cavity. Statistical analysis shows that the microwave energy reflected from the input port is about half of the total input energy. Since this portion of energy is not utilized, the overall energy utilization efficiency is low, resulting in a low efficiency of pulse compression.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem solved by the invention is as follows: the device for improving the utilization efficiency of the pulse compression energy is used for improving the utilization efficiency of the pulse compression energy and improving the gain of the pulse compression.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a device for improving the utilization efficiency of pulse compression energy comprises an arbitrary waveform generator, a high-power amplifier, a high-power circulator, a large-scale metal cavity and a radiation antenna,
the output port OUT1 of the arbitrary waveform generator is connected with the input port IN1 of the high-power amplifier; the output port OUT2 of the high-power amplifier is connected with the input port IN2 of the high-power circulator; the output OUT3 of the high-power circulator is connected with the input port IN3 of the large metal cavity, and the coupling output port OUT5 of the high-power circulator is connected with the coupling input port IN5 of the large metal cavity; the output port OUT4 of the large metal cavity is connected with the input port IN4 of the radiation antenna;
the power capacity of the large metal cavity is larger than MW level, and the large metal cavity has two input ports IN2 and IN5 and one output port OUT 4.
Further, the high-power circulator has power capacity above MW level, and when the microwave signal output from the output port OUT2 of the high-power amplifier is fed into the input port IN2 of the high-power circulator, the coupled output port OUT5 of the high-power circulator has no microwave signal output.
Further, the microwave signal reflected by the input port IN3 of the large metal cavity enters the high-power circulator from the output port OUT3 of the high-power circulator and is completely output by the coupling output port OUT5 of the high-power circulator, and there is no microwave reflected signal at the input port IN2 of the high-power circulator.
Further, the input port IN2 and the input port IN5 of the large metal cavity are polarization-isolated, that is, when a microwave signal is fed from the input port IN2, no output signal is output from the input port IN 5; when the microwave signal is fed from the input port IN5, the input port IN2 has no output signal.
Furthermore, the output port OUT4 of the large metal cavity can receive electromagnetic waves with any polarization direction, that is, when the input port IN2 feeds microwave signals, the microwave signals are output from the output port OUT 4; when the microwave signal is fed from the input port IN5, the microwave signal is also output from the output port OUT 4.
Further, microwave signals reflected by the large metal cavity input port IN3 are all output by the high-power circulator coupling output port OUT5, and are re-injected into the large metal cavity through the large metal cavity coupling input port IN 5; microwave signals output by the large metal cavity are radiated by the radiation antenna.
Further, the arbitrary waveform generator generates a microwave narrow pulse signal having a central carrier frequency, the pulse width of the microwave narrow pulse signal is ns level, and the power is mW level.
Further, the high-power amplifier amplifies the microwave narrow pulse signal with the pulse width of ns magnitude generated by the arbitrary waveform generator into a microwave narrow pulse signal with the pulse width of ns magnitude and the power of kW magnitude; amplifying the power of the specific coding microwave long pulse train with the period of mu s magnitude and the power of mW magnitude generated by the arbitrary waveform generator into a microwave long pulse train signal with the period of mu s magnitude and the power of kW magnitude.
Furthermore, the length, width and height of the large metal cavity are all 1 meter magnitude, the large metal cavity has power capacity above GW level, the microwave long pulse with ten MW magnitude can be compressed into microwave narrow pulse, power gain above 100 times is achieved, and the peak power of the microwave pulse is improved to GW magnitude.
Furthermore, the radiation antenna has power capacity of more than GW magnitude and is used for directional radiation of the ultra-high repetition frequency microwave narrow pulse train signals.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the microwave energy reflected by the input port of the large metal cavity is fed in and utilized, so that the output signal power is effectively increased under the condition that the input signal power is unchanged, and the energy utilization efficiency in the pulse compression process is improved;
(2) the invention adopts the high-power circulator with power capacity more than MW level to realize the reuse of reflected microwave energy, thereby avoiding the use of high-power absorption load;
(3) the invention does not limit or change signal frequency band, the generated pulse compression signal has the characteristics of ultra-wide instantaneous bandwidth and high peak power, the generation of high-power microwave can be effectively realized, and the pulse width can be flexibly changed.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an implementation of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples.
As shown in fig. 1, the apparatus for improving the efficiency of pulse compression energy utilization according to the present invention mainly includes an arbitrary waveform generator 1, a high power amplifier 2, a high power circulator 3, a large metal cavity 4, and a radiation antenna 5.
The output port OUT1 of the arbitrary waveform generator 1 is connected with the input port IN1 of the high-power amplifier 2; the output port OUT2 of the high-power amplifier 2 is connected with the input port IN2 of the high-power circulator 3; the output OUT3 of the high-power circulator 3 is connected with the input port IN3 of the large metal cavity 4, and the coupling output port OUT5 of the high-power circulator 3 is connected with the coupling input port IN5 of the large metal cavity 4; the output port OUT4 of the large metal cavity 4 is connected with the input port IN4 of the radiating antenna 5.
The arbitrary waveform generator 1 is used for converting input arbitrary waveform data into a low-power microwave signal and realizing conversion from a digital waveform file to the low-power microwave signal. The high-power amplifier 2 is used for amplifying the low-power microwave signal output by the arbitrary waveform generator 1 to realize a high-power microwave pulse signal with a certain power level. The high-power microwave pulse signal output by the high-power amplifier 2 passes through the high-power circulator 3 and then is fed into the large-scale metal cavity 4. When the microwave signal output by the output port OUT2 of the high-power amplifier 2 is input to the input port IN2 of the high-power circulator 3, the coupling output port OUT5 has no microwave signal output; the function of the high power circulator 3 is to extract the microwave signal reflected by the input port IN3 of the large metal cavity 4. The microwave signal reflected by the input port IN3 of the large metal cavity 44 enters the high-power circulator 3, and is completely output by the coupling port OUT5, and at this time, no microwave reflection signal exists at the input port IN2 of the high-power circulator 3.
The large metal cavity 4 is a multipath transmission environment and has the function of establishing a multipath transmission path, and when the coded microwave long pulse passes through the large metal cavity 4, a microwave narrow pulse signal with narrowed pulse and improved power can be obtained at the output port of the large metal cavity 4. The radiation antenna 5 is used for radiating the high-power microwave pulse output by the large metal cavity 4.
The principle of the invention is as follows: after the pulse compression device is excited by the microwave long pulse fed into the large metal cavity, about half of the microwave energy is reflected at the input port after the microwave long pulse is reflected for multiple times on the side wall of the pulse compression device. The reflected microwave energy returns along the original path, passes through the high-power circulator and is output from the coupling port of the circulator, and the microwave energy output by the coupling port is input into the pulse compression device again from the other input port of the large-scale metal cavity, so that the recycling of the reflected energy of the input port is realized, and the microwave energy of the output port of the pulse compression device is improved.
The method mainly comprises a numerical simulation method and a hardware high-speed sampling method for constructing the coded microwave long pulse signal with the carrier frequency, wherein the whole process of realizing a pulse code compression technology and improving the utilization efficiency of pulse compression energy by adopting the high-speed sampling method is provided, and the specific implementation process comprises the following steps:
further, an ns-level narrow pulse waveform with a central carrier frequency is constructed, and the generated narrow pulse waveform is led into an arbitrary waveform generator to generate an ns-level narrow pulse microwave signal. The ns-level narrow pulse microwave signal passes through the large circulator and the large metal cavity, and a long pulse is output from an output port of the pulse compression device.
Furthermore, a high-speed sampling oscilloscope is used for monitoring the microwave long pulse signal output by the pulse compression device and intercepting the sampling signal with a certain time length. And carrying out digital processing on the intercepted long pulse signal, reversing the time sequence, and carrying out normalized coding on the signal amplitude to obtain a path coding long pulse signal waveform file.
Further, the waveform file of the coded long pulse signal is led into an arbitrary waveform generator to generate a long pulse path coded microwave signal, the long pulse path coded microwave signal is input into a high-power amplifier to be amplified and then fed into a large metal cavity to be subjected to pulse compression, and then a high-power microwave narrow pulse signal with the peak power being improved and the pulse width being narrowed is obtained at an output port of the large metal cavity.
On the whole, the input port of the pulse compression device only has input microwave energy, and the microwave energy can only be output from the output port, so that the energy of output compression signals is improved, and the utilization efficiency of pulse compression energy is effectively improved.
The microwave energy reflected by the input port of the large metal cavity is fed in and utilized, so that the output signal power is effectively increased under the condition that the input signal power is unchanged, and the energy utilization efficiency in the pulse compression process is improved;
the invention adopts the high-power circulator with power capacity more than MW level to realize the reuse of reflected microwave energy, thereby avoiding the use of high-power absorption load;
the invention does not limit or change signal frequency band, the generated pulse compression signal has the characteristics of ultra-wide instantaneous bandwidth and high peak power, the generation of high-power microwave can be effectively realized, and the pulse width can be flexibly changed.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention, and those skilled in the art can make variations and modifications of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention by using the methods and technical contents disclosed above.
Claims (10)
1. A device for improving the utilization efficiency of pulse compression energy is characterized by comprising an arbitrary waveform generator (1), a high-power amplifier (2), a high-power circulator (3), a large-scale metal cavity (4) and a radiation antenna (5),
the output port OUT1 of the arbitrary waveform generator (1) is connected with the input port IN1 of the high-power amplifier (2); the output port OUT2 of the high-power amplifier (2) is connected with the input port IN2 of the high-power circulator (3); the output OUT3 of the high-power circulator (3) is connected with the input port IN3 of the large metal cavity (4), and the coupling output port OUT5 of the high-power circulator (3) is connected with the coupling input port IN5 of the large metal cavity (4); the output port OUT4 of the large metal cavity (4) is connected with the input port IN4 of the radiation antenna (5);
the power capacity of the large metal cavity (4) is larger than MW level, and the large metal cavity has two input ports IN2 and IN5 and one output port OUT 4.
2. The apparatus for improving the efficiency of pulse compression energy utilization according to claim 1, wherein the high power circulator (3) has a power capacity above MW level, and the coupling output port OUT5 of the high power circulator (3) has no microwave signal output when the microwave signal output from the output port OUT2 of the high power amplifier (2) is fed into the input port IN2 of the high power circulator (3).
3. The apparatus for improving the efficiency of pulse compression energy utilization according to claim 1, wherein the microwave signal reflected by the input port IN3 of the large metal cavity (4) enters the high power circulator (3) from the output port OUT3 of the high power circulator (3) and is totally output from the coupling output port OUT5 of the high power circulator (3), and the input port IN2 of the high power circulator (3) has no microwave reflected signal.
4. The apparatus for improving the efficiency of pulse compression energy utilization according to claim 1, wherein the input port IN2 and the input port IN5 of the large metal cavity (4) are polarization isolated, that is, when the microwave signal is fed from the input port IN2, the input port IN5 has no output signal; when the microwave signal is fed from the input port IN5, the input port IN2 has no output signal.
5. The device for improving the efficiency of pulse compression energy utilization according to claim 1, wherein the output port OUT4 of the large metal cavity (4) can receive electromagnetic waves with any polarization direction, that is, when the microwave signal is fed into the input port IN2, the microwave signal is output from the output port OUT 4; when the microwave signal is fed from the input port IN5, the microwave signal is also output from the output port OUT 4.
6. The apparatus for improving the efficiency of pulse compression energy utilization according to claim 1, wherein the microwave signal reflected by the input port IN3 of the large metal cavity (4) is totally output from the coupling output port OUT5 of the high power circulator (3) and is re-injected into the large metal cavity (4) through the coupling input port IN5 of the large metal cavity (4); microwave signals output by the large metal cavity (4) are radiated by the radiation antenna (5).
7. An arrangement for increasing the efficiency of pulse compression energy use according to claim 1, characterized in that the arbitrary waveform generator (1) generates a microwave narrow pulse signal with a central carrier frequency, the pulse width of the microwave narrow pulse signal being in the order of ns and the power being in the order of mW.
8. The device for improving the utilization efficiency of pulse compression energy of claim 7, wherein the high-power amplifier (2) amplifies the power of the microwave narrow pulse signal with the pulse width of ns magnitude generated by the arbitrary waveform generator (1) into the microwave narrow pulse signal with the pulse width of ns magnitude and the power of kW magnitude; amplifying the power of the specific coding microwave long pulse train with the period of mu s magnitude and the power of mW magnitude generated by the arbitrary waveform generator (1) into a microwave long pulse train signal with the period of mu s magnitude and the power of kW magnitude.
9. The device for improving the utilization efficiency of pulse compression energy according to claim 1, wherein the length, width and height of the large metal cavity (4) are all 1 meter magnitude, and the device has power capacity above GW level, can compress microwave long pulses with ten MW level into microwave narrow pulses, and realizes power gain above 100 times, so that the peak power of the microwave pulses is improved to GW level.
10. An arrangement for improving the efficiency of pulse compression energy use according to claim 1, characterized in that the radiating antenna (5) has a power capacity in the order of magnitude above GW for directional radiation of ultra high repetition frequency microwave narrow burst signals.
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