CN113236332A - System for monitoring and comprehensively treating toxic and harmful gas in coal-penetrating tunnel construction period - Google Patents
System for monitoring and comprehensively treating toxic and harmful gas in coal-penetrating tunnel construction period Download PDFInfo
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F1/00—Ventilation of mines or tunnels; Distribution of ventilating currents
- E21F1/006—Ventilation at the working face of galleries or tunnels
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
- B01D53/48—Sulfur compounds
- B01D53/52—Hydrogen sulfide
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/77—Liquid phase processes
- B01D53/78—Liquid phase processes with gas-liquid contact
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/81—Solid phase processes
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F17/00—Methods or devices for use in mines or tunnels, not covered elsewhere
- E21F17/18—Special adaptations of signalling or alarm devices
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F5/00—Means or methods for preventing, binding, depositing, or removing dust; Preventing explosions or fires
- E21F5/02—Means or methods for preventing, binding, depositing, or removing dust; Preventing explosions or fires by wetting or spraying
- E21F5/04—Spraying barriers
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F7/00—Methods or devices for drawing- off gases with or without subsequent use of the gas for any purpose
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Abstract
The invention relates to a system for monitoring and comprehensively treating toxic and harmful gases in a coal-penetrating tunnel construction period, and belongs to the technical field of monitoring of toxic and harmful gases in tunnels. The system comprises a monitoring system, a ventilation system, a spraying system, a PLC control system and a monitoring center; the PLC control system is connected with the monitoring system, the ventilation system and the spraying system; the monitoring system continuously monitors the concentration of toxic and harmful gases and the wind speed in the tunnel through the sensor and transmits the monitoring result to the PLC control system in real time, and the PLC control system analyzes and calculates according to the concentration of the gases, the position of the corresponding sensor and the wind speed of the tunnel to obtain respective control signals; and the ventilation system or the spraying system adjusts the wind speed or the spraying size of the corresponding position according to the control signal of the PLC control system. The invention overcomes the defects of single control means, control lag, low efficiency and the like of manual real-time monitoring, and realizes real-time automatic monitoring and treatment of toxic and harmful gases in the tunnel.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of monitoring of toxic and harmful gases in tunnels, and relates to a toxic and harmful gas monitoring and comprehensive treatment system in a coal-penetrating tunnel construction period.
Background
The through-hill tunnel is an important component for constructing roads and railways in mountain areas, the through-hill tunnel inevitably needs to pass through coal strata in coal production areas, the tunnel can damage geological structures during excavation, and a large amount of toxic and harmful gas such as gas (CH) is easily generated4) Carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen sulfide (H)2S), and the like. Especially in the underground tunnel construction process, the natural wind and the traffic wind have poor capability of replacing air in the tunnel, and the construction easily damages the land to causeThe leakage of harmful gas from the ground bottom causes the following two conditions: firstly, when the concentration of toxic and harmful gas exceeds the standard, constructors have poisoning risks; and secondly, when combustible gases such as hydrogen sulfide and gas are combusted and exploded, the risk of injury to constructors is caused.
However, the research on gas and hydrogen sulfide disaster prevention and control at home and abroad mainly focuses on the coal mining field, and related research in the tunnel field is relatively lacked. The treatment of high gas and high hydrogen sulfide in the construction period of the tunnel penetrating through the coal measure stratum mainly comprises the following three aspects:
(1) the advanced drilling hole is pre-pumped and pre-drained, so that the gas pressure of the coal bed is reduced, and the gas emission amount of the coal bed is reduced;
(2) construction ventilation is enhanced, and the concentration of gas hydrogen sulfide in air in the tunnel is reduced;
(3) spraying alkali liquor or quicklime on the palm surface to neutralize hydrogen sulfide in the air.
Because the coal bed permeability is very low and the pressure is very low in China, the more difficult the poisonous and harmful gas is to be pumped out, and meanwhile, the long pre-drilling and pre-exhausting time of the advanced drilling is long, the expected effect is difficult to achieve, the prevention and the treatment of gas and hydrogen sulfide disasters by penetrating through the coal series stratum tunnel are more dependent on strengthening construction ventilation and spraying alkali liquor or quicklime on the tunnel face. Meanwhile, except for gas and hydrogen sulfide, the types of toxic and harmful gases in the tunnel are many, and the defects of single conventional monitoring means, low efficiency, occupation of site space, high energy consumption and the like are overcome. Therefore, in order to ensure the safety of tunnel construction and timely monitor, early warning, spraying and ventilation control on the quality concentration of harmful waste gas in the tunnel, a monitoring and comprehensive treatment system for toxic and harmful gas penetrating through a coal measure stratum tunnel is urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides a system for monitoring and comprehensively treating toxic and harmful gases during a coal tunnel construction period, which is used for ensuring the safety of tunnel construction, timely monitoring, early warning, spraying and ventilation control of the quality concentration of harmful waste gases in a tunnel, and overcoming the defects of single control means, delayed control, low efficiency, unclear effect and the like of manual real-time monitoring.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a poisonous and harmful gas monitoring and comprehensive treatment system in the coal tunnel construction period comprises a monitoring system, a ventilation system, a spraying system and a PLC control system;
the PLC control system is respectively connected with the monitoring system, the ventilation system and the spraying system; the monitoring system continuously monitors the concentration of toxic and harmful gas and the wind speed in the tunnel through the sensor and transmits the monitoring result to the PLC control system in real time, and the PLC control system analyzes and calculates according to the gas concentration, the position of the corresponding sensor and the wind speed of the tunnel to obtain respective control signals; and the ventilation system or the spraying system adjusts the wind speed or the spraying size of the corresponding position according to the control signal of the PLC control system.
Preferably, the monitoring system comprises various sensors, specifically comprising a hydrogen sulfide sensor 1, a CO sensor 5, a gas sensor 4 and a wind speed sensor 3;
the hydrogen sulfide sensor 1, the CO sensor 5, the gas sensor 4, the wind speed sensor 3 and the like are all installed at the position 5-10 m behind the tunnel face, the middle part of the tunnel, the entrance and exit of the tunnel, the front end of the lining, the air return point and the like, meanwhile, each sensor is provided with a suspension position according to the gas density, the suspension point position, the framework support, the wiring trend and the like, the density of gas is smaller than that of air, the sensor is preferably freely suspended below a vault for 250mm, the density of hydrogen sulfide gas is larger than that of air, the hydrogen sulfide sensor 1 is suspended at the position 1.5m above the road surface, and the suspension length is 100-. The CO sensor 5 is preferably fixed at the arch shoulder, the suspension length is not less than 250mm, and the concentration of toxic and harmful gases in the tunnel is monitored uninterruptedly through the sensor.
Preferably, the monitoring system further comprises a wireless transmission module and a power supply module.
Preferably, the ventilation system comprises a jet fan 2, a frequency converter and a ventilation pipe; the ventilation system changes the frequency and amplitude of the power supply of the alternating current motor through the frequency converter to change the rotating speed of the jet flow fan, and the jet flow fan is longitudinally ventilated and fixed at the arch shoulder.
Preferably, the spray system comprises a full face purge spray; the full-section purification spray comprises a (high-pressure atomization) nozzle 6, a spray frame 7 and absorption liquid, and absorbs hydrogen sulfide by spraying the absorption liquid through the (high-pressure atomization) nozzle 6, wherein the working principle of the high-pressure atomization nozzle is that the flowing absorption liquid under pressure is sprayed out from a nozzle opening at a high speed to convert gas pressure into power, so that the flowing ratio of ambient gas is enhanced, and the pressure type humidification air atomization nozzle generates atomization through mutual friction between air and the absorption liquid, so that the effect of full-section purification of hydrogen sulfide is achieved; the full-section purification spray is preferably arranged at a certain distance behind the tunnel face and at a certain distance behind the air outlets of the jet fans 2.
Preferably, the spraying system further comprises a frequency converter, a pressurizing device 10, an absorption liquid supply pump station, a liquid supply pipeline 8, a dual-function water meter, a water quality filter and the like.
Preferably, the PLC control system includes a fuzzy controller; the PLC control system adopts an automatic frequency conversion mode, fuzzy control processing and logic comparison are carried out in a fuzzy controller through high gas and high hydrogen sulfide concentration transmitted by a sensor, when the concentration of any toxic and harmful gas reaches the preset minimum concentration, a control signal sends an instruction to a frequency conversion control unit, the running frequency of a controlled object is improved, the running frequency of the controlled object is higher and higher along with the increase of the concentration of the harmful substance, and if the frequency of the controlled object reaches the maximum, the PLC control system still can not meet the requirement and gives an alarm; on the contrary, along with the reduction of the concentration, the running frequency of the controlled object is lower and lower, and the air volume is smaller and smaller until the air speed is reduced to the minimum air speed set value; the controlled objects are a jet fan and a pressurizing device arranged in a pumping station.
Further, the analyzing and calculating step of the fuzzy controller comprises the following steps:
s1: the fuzzy controller calculates according to a preset given value and an actual concentration accurate value sampled by the field sensor to obtain a deviation value e and a deviation change rate ecTwo deviation signals; the controlled variables here refer to concentration values and wind speed values.
S2: fuzzifying the two deviation signals, and calculating the membership degree and the fuzzy quantity of the actual concentration;
s3: expressing the fuzzy quantities of the two deviation signals by using corresponding fuzzy languages so as to obtain a subset of the fuzzy languages, and then carrying out fuzzy decision by the subset according to a certain fuzzy control rule R (fuzzy relation) and a synthesis rule of reasoning so as to obtain a fuzzy control quantity u;
s4: in order to apply accurate control to the controlled object, the fuzzy control quantity u is required to be converted into an accurate digital quantity through non-fuzzification processing, and then the accurate digital quantity is converted into an accurate analog quantity through digital-to-analog conversion and sent to an executing mechanism, and the controlled object is controlled in one step; finally, secondary sampling is carried out, and subsequent cycle control is completed, so that the controlled object has good dynamic and static performances; the actuating mechanism is a frequency converter, and the controlled objects are a jet fan and a pressurizing device arranged in the pumping station.
Preferably, the system also comprises a monitoring center, which specifically comprises a display, an alarm, an input end, an output end and a manual control system; the monitoring center is used for receiving signals uploaded by the PLC control system; the display is used for displaying various parameter values calculated, analyzed and judged by the PLC control system; the output end and the manual control system are used for performing manual operation according to the existing parameters, so that the parameters are fed back to the PLC control system through the output end; and the alarm gives an alarm according to the judgment result of the PLC control system.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention can overcome the defects of single control means, control lag, low efficiency, unclear effect and the like of manual real-time monitoring. Compared with other existing monitoring methods, the method increases the types of the toxic and harmful gases which can be monitored, and the principle of the method is that the concentration values of various gases are used as indexes, the concentration values of various gases in the construction tunnel are reduced in the most reasonable mode through analyzing and judging monitoring data and an alarm and remote automatic control system, so that the problem of toxic and harmful gas leakage in the excavation process is solved, and the safety of construction personnel is threatened.
Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention may be realized and attained by the means of the instrumentalities and combinations particularly pointed out hereinafter.
Drawings
For the purposes of promoting a better understanding of the objects, aspects and advantages of the invention, reference will now be made to the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a three-dimensional view of a high gas and high hydrogen sulfide monitoring and comprehensive treatment system in the construction period of a coal tunnel in the embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a plan view of a sensor in this embodiment;
FIG. 3 is a full-section purified spray layout diagram of the spraying system in this embodiment
FIG. 4 is a fuzzy controller framework diagram;
FIG. 5 is a schematic flow diagram of four fuzzy controllers;
reference numerals: the device comprises a hydrogen sulfide sensor, a 2-jet fan, a 3-wind speed sensor, a 4-gas sensor, a 5-CO sensor, a 6-nozzle, a 7-spraying frame, an 8-liquid supply pipeline, a 9-control box, a 10-pressurizing device and a 11-power cable.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to specific embodiments, and other advantages and effects of the present invention will be easily understood by those skilled in the art from the disclosure of the present specification. The invention is capable of other and different embodiments and of being practiced or of being carried out in various ways, and its several details are capable of modification in various respects, all without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. It should be noted that the drawings provided in the following embodiments are only for illustrating the basic idea of the present invention in a schematic way, and the features in the following embodiments and examples may be combined with each other without conflict.
Wherein the showings are for the purpose of illustrating the invention only and not for the purpose of limiting the same, and in which there is shown by way of illustration only and not in the drawings in which there is no intention to limit the invention thereto; to better illustrate the embodiments of the present invention, some parts of the drawings may be omitted, enlarged or reduced, and do not represent the size of an actual product; it will be understood by those skilled in the art that certain well-known structures in the drawings and descriptions thereof may be omitted.
The same or similar reference numerals in the drawings of the embodiments of the present invention correspond to the same or similar components; in the description of the present invention, it should be understood that if there is an orientation or positional relationship indicated by terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "rear", etc., based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, it is only for convenience of description and simplification of description, but it is not an indication or suggestion that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and therefore, the terms describing the positional relationship in the drawings are only used for illustrative purposes, and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention, and the specific meaning of the terms may be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
Referring to fig. 1 to 5, the present embodiment designs a high gas and high hydrogen sulfide monitoring and comprehensive treatment system during coal tunnel construction period, which includes 5 subsystems, such as a monitoring system, a ventilation system, a spraying system, a PLC control system and a monitoring center, which are combined in a certain order and connected with each other to interact with each other to form a complete control system. The control system process is that automatic monitoring sensors are arranged at a tunnel face (main position) in a tunnel, the front end of a lining and an air return port in the tunnel, a PLC control system is arranged at the tunnel, the toxic and harmful gas monitoring sensors are used for monitoring the concentration of the toxic and harmful gas in the tunnel all day, each probe automatically acquires a group of data every 3min and transmits the data to a monitoring center room for displaying, recording and storing. When the concentration of the poisonous and harmful gas reaches the set upper limit value, the in-hole alarm device and the monitoring center room alarm can alarm at the same time, and an emergency response is started.
The monitoring system comprises a wireless transmission module, a power supply module, various sensors and the like, such as a CO sensor 5, a gas sensor 4, a wind speed sensor 3, a hydrogen sulfide sensor 1 and the like. The CO sensor 5, the hydrogen sulfide sensor 1, the gas sensor 4, the wind speed sensor 3 and the like are all installed at the position 5-10 m behind a tunnel face, the middle part of a tunnel, an inlet and an outlet of the tunnel, the front end of a lining, an air return point and the like, meanwhile, the installation of each sensor fully considers the gas density, the hanging point position, the framework support, the wiring trend and the like, the gas density is smaller than the air density, the sensors are preferably freely hung below an arch crown by 250mm, the hydrogen sulfide gas density is larger than the air density, the hydrogen sulfide sensor 1 is hung at the position 1.5m above the road surface, and the hanging length is 100-150 mm. The CO sensor 5 is preferably fixed at the arch shoulder, the suspension length is not less than 250mm, the concentration of toxic and harmful gases in the tunnel is uninterruptedly monitored through the sensor, and simultaneously, monitored data are remotely uploaded to a PLC control system through an output end and finally displayed on a display of a monitoring center room.
The ventilation system consists of a jet fan 2, a frequency converter and a ventilation pipe. The frequency converter is a multipurpose AC-DC-AC frequency converter, the rotating speed of the jet flow fan is changed by changing the frequency and amplitude of the power supply of the AC motor, the jet flow fan is ventilated longitudinally and is preferably fixed at an arch shoulder, and the suspension length is not less than 250 mm; the purposes are set as follows: firstly, oxygen required for breathing of workers in the tunnel is provided; diluting and diluting toxic and harmful gases (such as CO and gas); thirdly, the poisonous and harmful gas is prevented from being retained at the corners and the hole tops. Dilution and dilution of toxic and harmful gases are mainly related to air volume, and prevention of harmful gas retention is mainly related to wind speed.
The spraying system comprises a frequency converter, a pressurizing device 10, an absorption liquid supply pump station, a liquid supply pipeline 8, a dual-function water meter, a water quality filter, full-section purification spraying and the like, wherein the absorption liquid is NaHCO3, the full-section purification spraying comprises a (high-pressure atomization) nozzle 6, a spraying frame 7 and the absorption liquid, and the absorption liquid is sprayed by the (high-pressure atomization) nozzle 6 to absorb the hydrogen sulfide; the full-section purification spray is preferably arranged at a certain distance behind the tunnel face and at a certain distance behind the air outlets of the jet fans.
The PLC control system is composed of an automatic treatment system (PLC) for the hole, a UPS power supply and a power supply lightning arrester, wherein a control program of a first fuzzy controller, a second fuzzy controller, a third fuzzy controller and a fourth fuzzy controller are arranged in the PLC control system, and the PLC control system controls the four fuzzy controllers to analyze and calculate alarming signals (including gas concentration, occurrence position and tunnel wind speed value). The UPS power supply supplies power for the main control computer uninterruptedly, and the power supply lightning arrester protects the UPS power supply from being influenced by lightning stroke;
the monitoring center consists of a display, an alarm, an input end, an output end and a manual control system. The PLC control system uploads the signal to the monitoring center, the display displays various parameter values calculated, analyzed and judged by the PLC control system, the output end and the manual control system are manually operated according to the existing parameters, and then the parameter values are fed back to the PLC control system through the output end, and the alarm can give an alarm according to the judgment result of the PLC control system;
the control principle of the system adopts an automatic frequency conversion mode, the high gas and high hydrogen sulfide concentration transmitted by a sensor are subjected to fuzzy control processing and logic comparison in a fuzzy controller, when the concentration of any toxic and harmful gas reaches the preset minimum concentration, a control signal sends an instruction to a frequency conversion control unit, the running frequency of a controlled object is improved, along with the increase of the concentration of the harmful substance, the running frequency of the controlled object is higher and higher, and if the frequency of the controlled object reaches the maximum, the requirement cannot be met, and then an alarm is given. On the contrary, along with the reduction of the concentration, the running frequency of the controlled object is lower and lower, and the air quantity is smaller and smaller until the air speed is reduced to the minimum air speed set value. (the controlled object is a jet flow fan and a pressurizing device.)
The specific implementation steps of the remote intelligent control system of the high-gas and high-hydrogen sulfide monitoring and comprehensive treatment system in the coal tunnel construction period are as follows:
step 1: the gas concentration value, the CO concentration value, the wind speed value and the hydrogen sulfide concentration value in the tunnel are respectively monitored and recorded through a gas sensor, a wind speed sensor, a carbon monoxide sensor and a hydrogen sulfide sensor in the monitoring system, and monitoring data are uploaded to a PLC control system.
Step 2: and C, analyzing and comparing the gas concentration value, the CO concentration value, the hydrogen sulfide concentration value and the wind speed value at the specific position in the construction tunnel by the PLC control system, and executing the step C if the gas concentration value and the CO concentration value exceed a certain upper limit value preset by the PLC control system. And D, if the gas concentration value and the CO concentration value do not exceed a certain upper limit value preset by the PLC control system, executing the step D. If the concentration value of the hydrogen sulfide exceeds a certain upper limit value preset by the PLC control system, E, F is executed.
The gas concentration value, the CO concentration value, the hydrogen sulfide concentration value and the wind speed value preset by the PLC control system are specifically as follows: generally, the upper limit value of the CO concentration is 100PPm, the upper limit value of the gas concentration is 0.5 percent, the upper limit value of the hydrogen sulfide is 6.6PPm, and the lower limit value of the wind speed is 0.5 m/s.
And step 3: if the gas concentration value and the CO concentration value are judged to exceed the set upper limit value in the PLC control system, the PLC control system uploads signals to the monitoring center room, and the monitoring center room controls the alarm and the sensor to alarm at the same time; meanwhile, a first fuzzy controller and a second fuzzy controller which are arranged in the PLC control system analyze and calculate the alarm signal, and output a control frequency signal obtained after calculation to a jet fan in the ventilation system, and the jet fan compares the greater of the two control frequency signals to increase the rotating speed of the fan so as to achieve the purpose of increasing the air output of the fan until the concentration values of the two are lower than the set upper limit value of the PLC control system.
And 4, step 4: if the gas concentration value and the CO concentration value are judged not to exceed the set upper limit values in the PLC control system, the PLC control system respectively calculates the wind speed values required by the gas concentration value and the CO concentration value according to the current gas concentration and the current CO concentration, and the larger one of the wind speed values is selected as the wind speed value required by the tunnel; if the wind speed value required by the tunnel is larger than the wind speed value of the tunnel, the PLC control system uploads a signal to the monitoring central room, so that the monitoring central room alarm gives an alarm; and simultaneously, the PLC control system controls the third fuzzy controller to analyze and calculate the alarm signal, and outputs a control frequency signal obtained after calculation to a jet fan in the ventilation system, and the jet fan readjusts the air output volume according to the control frequency signal after calculation until the air speed value in the tunnel is greater than or equal to the air speed value required by the tunnel.
And 5: if the concentration value of the hydrogen sulfide is judged to exceed a certain upper limit value preset by the PLC control system, the PLC control system uploads a signal to the monitoring center room, so that the monitoring center room controls the alarm and the sensor to alarm simultaneously; meanwhile, the PLC control system controls the fourth fuzzy controller to analyze and calculate the alarm signal, the absorbent usage required after the gushing hydrogen sulfide is calculated according to a fuzzy rule, a frequency converter outputs a signal to a pressurizing device in the spraying system to increase the pressure output frequency, and the concentration value of the hydrogen sulfide in the tunnel is reduced through the chemical reaction between the atomized absorption liquid sprayed by the high-pressure nozzle and the hydrogen sulfide until the concentration value is lower than a set upper limit value.
Step 6: if the concentration is lower than the upper limit value, the system can not be remotely and intelligently controlled to effectively reduce the concentration by the alarm and the sensor, and the manual control system of the monitoring center room can forcibly adjust the parameters of the control quantity in the fuzzy controller to effectively reduce the concentration. If the manual control system still cannot reduce the concentration of each gas to be lower than the upper limit value, the field management personnel start an emergency plan and stop the operation immediately, and the construction can be carried out when the concentration of each gas in the tunnel is in a normal condition; the measures can be taken, for CO and gas, the number of the jet flow fans can be increased to increase the air conveying quantity, and the like, and the full-section purification spraying curtain is arranged at a certain distance behind the air outlet of the jet flow fan for hydrogen sulfide, so that the hydrogen sulfide diffused along with the air flow is intercepted, captured, purified and absorbed, and the aim of effectively treating the occupational hazards of the hydrogen sulfide is further fulfilled.
In the step 3-5, the analysis and calculation process of the fuzzy controller built in the PLC control system is as follows:
firstly, a sensor samples and obtains an accurate value of a controlled quantity, then a built-in fuzzy controller in a PLC control system calculates according to a preset given value and an actual concentration accurate value sampled on site to obtain a deviation value e and a deviation change rate ecTwo deviation signals; the controlled variables here refer to concentration values and wind speed values.
Step two, fuzzifying the two deviation signals according to a programmed program, and calculating the membership degree and the fuzzy quantity of the concentration;
thirdly, the fuzzy quantities of the two deviation signals can be represented by corresponding fuzzy languages, so that a subset of the fuzzy languages is obtained, and then fuzzy decision is carried out on the subset according to a certain fuzzy control rule R (fuzzy relation) and a reasoning synthesis rule, so that a fuzzy control quantity u is obtained;
fourthly, in order to apply accurate control to the controlled object, the fuzzy control quantity u is required to be converted into an accurate digital quantity through non-fuzzification processing, and after the accurate digital quantity is obtained, the accurate digital quantity is converted into an accurate analog quantity through digital-to-analog conversion and is sent to an executing mechanism, and the controlled object is controlled in one step; and then secondary sampling is carried out to complete subsequent cycle control, so that the controlled object has good dynamic and static performances. The actuating mechanism is a frequency converter, and the controlled object is a jet fan and a pressurizing device arranged in a pumping station.
The basic principle of the PID fuzzy controller is as follows: establishing a deviation e (k) and a deviation change rate ec(k) Two-input, three-output Kp、Ki、KdThe fuzzy controller inputs corresponding deviation and deviation change rate according to fuzzy rules in a database existing in the system, the output of the fuzzy controller is 3 parameters of PID, and the size of output data is adjusted in a self-adaptive mode according to PID, so that a controlled object has good dynamic and static performance.
The digital expression of the PID discretized by adopting the position type algorithm is as follows:
wherein u (K) is the control quantity output by the controller at the K-th sampling time, T is the sampling period of the PID fuzzy controller, e (K) is the deviation value at the K-th sampling time, and KpTo proportional gain, KiTo integrate the gain, KdIs the differential gain.
The PID is actually a single closed-loop controller, taking the CO concentration of a tunnel construction working face as an example, when the actual CO concentration PV is smaller than the set concentration SV, the PID output is reduced, the frequency of a frequency converter controlled by the PID is reduced, the air volume and the air pressure of a fan are reduced, the actual concentration is increased, if the actual concentration PV is greater than the set concentration SV, the PID output is increased, the frequency of the frequency converter controlled by the PID is increased, and the actual concentration PV is reduced until the set value is reached.
The algorithm design steps of the fuzzy controller are as follows:
(1) determining input and output variables and fuzzification
The concentration of the construction tunnel gas is realized by changing the output signal of the frequency converter, thereby changing the rotating speed of the jet flow fan and the pressure of the pressurizing device. Based on the analysis of the system, the concentration deviation e (k) and the deviation change rate ec(k) As input to a fuzzy controller and three parameters K of a PID controllerp、Ki、KdAs an output. The rate of change of the deviation is calculated at 1 sample time interval and the formula of the rate of change is ec(k)＝et-et-1(et、et-1The deviation amount of the sampling time t and t-1), selecting a discrete region { -6, -5, -4, -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} of the deviation change rate, selecting the fuzzy language set as { NB, NM, NS, O, PS, PM, PB } in the same way, and respectively representing negative large, negative medium, negative small, zero, positive small, positive medium and positive large for the elements in the subset. Wherein NB indicates that the contaminant concentration is much higher than the set value; NM indicates that the contaminant concentration is somewhat higher than the set value; NS indicates that the concentration of the pollutant is not much higher than the set value; o indicates that the concentration of the contaminant is substantially the same as the set value; PS indicates that the contaminant concentration is very low compared to the set value; PM indicates that the contaminant concentration is somewhat lower than the set value; PB indicates that the contaminant concentration is much lower than the set point.
Output variable Kp、Ki、KdThe stable setting ranges of (a, b), (c, d), (e, f) fuzzy subsets are respectively set as elements { NB, NM, NS, O, PS, PM, PB } in the subsets, which respectively represent negative big, negative middle, negative small, zero, positive small, positive middle and positive big, and K is set asp、Ki、KdQuantization to discrete regionsWithin the domain (-6, -5, -4, -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6). Wherein, NB indicates that the pollutant concentration increases rapidly; NM indicates a general rate of increase in contaminant concentration; NS indicates that the increase speed of the pollutant concentration is slow; o indicates that the contaminant concentration is essentially unchanged; PS indicates slow rate of decrease of contaminant concentration; PM indicates a general rate of decrease in pollutant concentration; PB indicates a fast drop in contaminant concentration.
(2) Selection of membership functions for input and output variables
Fuzzification is to determine a membership function of linguistic variables, the input variables of the tunnel ventilation fuzzy inference system adopt trapezoidal membership functions, and the output variables adopt trapezoidal membership functions. See the following equation:
wherein x represents the deviation and the deviation change rate of the input parameters, A (x) represents NB membership function, B (x) represents NM, NS, O, PS and PM membership function, and C (x) represents PB membership function.
(3) Setting of fuzzy rules
According to a different deviation ec(k) Deviation change rate e (k) to summarize parameter self-tuning principle:
A. when the absolute value of the deviation is large, K is easy to be adjustedpThe value is large, so that the response speed of the tracking system is also accelerated, and the time constant and the damping coefficient of the system can be reduced; kdWhen the value is smaller, the condition that the differential is over-saturated when the absolute value of the deviation is instantaneously increased is ensured, and the control action is prevented from exceeding the permitted range; and when taking zero, prevent following the systemOvershoot is increased in response and integration can be removed.
B. When the absolute value of the deviation and the absolute value of the change rate of the deviation are moderate, KpSmaller values are taken to reduce overshoot of the system. Meanwhile, to avoid affecting the response speed of the system, Kd、KiOf medium value, especially KiIt should not be too large.
C. When the set value is close to the measured value, i.e. the absolute value of the deviation is approximately neglected, Kp、KiThe value of (A) is easy to get larger, thereby ensuring the good stability of the system. KdThe value is moderate, and the system is prevented from generating oscillation at a balance point.
In the system design, the input variables of the four fuzzy controllers are all seven-level fuzzy partitions and comprise 49 fuzzy rules. The fuzzy rule table (shown in table 1) and the language description of its fuzzy control rules are as follows:
①:if(e is NB)and(ec is NB)then(kp is PB)and(ki is NB)and(ka is PS)
②:if(e is NB)and(ec is NM)then(kp is PB)and(ki is NB)and(ka is NS)
③：if(e is NB)and(ec is NS)then(kp is PM)and(ki is NM)and(ka is NB)
④：if(e is NB)and(ec is O)then(kp is PM)and(ki is NM)and(kc is NB)
……
TABLE 1 fuzzy rule Table
| U | NB | NM | NS | O | PS | PM | PB | |
| NB | NB | NB | NB | NB | NB | NM | PS | |
| NM | NB | NB | NB | NB | NB | NS | PM | |
| NS | NB | NB | NB | NB | | NS | PM | |
| 0 | NB | NB | NB | NM | NM | O | PB | |
| PS | NB | NB | NM | NM | NS | PS | PB | |
| PM | NB | NB | NM | NS | O | PS | PB | |
| PB | NM | NM | NS | NS | PS | PM | PB |
(4) Fuzzy control rule matrix form
The core of the fuzzy controller is fuzzy reasoning, which has the reasoning ability of simulating human thinking, and the reasoning process is carried out based on the reasoning rules and the implication relationship in the fuzzy logic. There are more than ten methods for deriving the implication fuzzy relationship from the rules, and the most common method is the max-min synthesis method of Mamdani, which is described as follows:
each fuzzy reasoning sentence can derive a fuzzy relation matrix Ri，
When two variables of input deviation and deviation change rate are respectively taken as fuzzy sets, 3 output parameter control quantities of PID can be obtained through fuzzy reasoning:
U＝(e×ec)R
(5) deblurring
The function of the deblurring is to transform a control quantity (fuzzy quantity) obtained by fuzzy inference into a clear quantity actually used for control, and the deblurring method comprises two parts:
after the fuzzy control quantity is subjected to sharpening transformation, the fuzzy control quantity is changed into a sharpening quantity which is expressed in a domain range;
and 2. converting the clear quantity in the range of the domain into the actual control quantity through scaling.
The fuzzy quantity is converted into accurate quantity, and in the design of the system, a weighted average decision method is applied to fuzzy solution. The expression is as follows:
the fuzzy resolving means that fuzzy output obtained by fuzzy reasoning is converted into accurate output which can directly control an object according to a certain algorithm. The output u should have its domain of discourse converted to a range acceptable to the actuator before it is applied to the actuator.
Finally, the above embodiments are only intended to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit the present invention, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions may be made on the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions, and all of them should be covered by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A poisonous and harmful gas monitoring and comprehensive treatment system in the coal tunnel construction period is characterized in that the system comprises a monitoring system, a ventilation system, a spraying system and a PLC control system;
the PLC control system is respectively connected with the monitoring system, the ventilation system and the spraying system; the monitoring system continuously monitors the concentration of toxic and harmful gas and the wind speed in the tunnel through the sensor and transmits the monitoring result to the PLC control system in real time, and the PLC control system analyzes and calculates according to the gas concentration, the position of the corresponding sensor and the wind speed of the tunnel to obtain respective control signals; and the ventilation system or the spraying system adjusts the wind speed or the spraying size of the corresponding position according to the control signal of the PLC control system.
2. A monitoring and integrated treatment system according to claim 1, characterized in that the monitoring system comprises various sensors, in particular a hydrogen sulfide sensor (1), a CO sensor (5), a gas sensor (4) and a wind speed sensor (3);
the hydrogen sulfide sensor (1), the CO sensor (5), the gas sensor (4) and the wind speed sensor (3) are all installed at the position 5-10 m behind the tunnel face, the middle of the tunnel, the entrance and exit of the tunnel, the front end of the lining and the air return point, and meanwhile, the sensors are arranged at suspension positions according to the gas density, the hanging point position, the framework support and the wiring trend.
3. The monitoring and integrated treatment system of claim 2, wherein the monitoring system further comprises a wireless transmission module and a power module.
4. The monitoring and integrated treatment system according to claim 1, characterised in that said ventilation system comprises a jet fan (2), a frequency converter and a ventilation duct; the ventilation system changes the frequency and amplitude of the power supply of the alternating current motor through the frequency converter to change the rotating speed of the jet flow fan, and the jet flow fan is longitudinally ventilated and fixed at the arch shoulder.
5. The monitoring and integrated treatment system of claim 1, wherein the spray system comprises a full face purge spray; the full-section purification spray comprises a nozzle (6), a spray frame (7) and absorption liquid, the absorption liquid is sprayed through the nozzle (6) to absorb hydrogen sulfide, and the full-section purification spray is arranged at a certain distance behind a tunnel face and at a certain distance behind air outlets of the jet fans (2).
6. The monitoring and integrated treatment system according to claim 5, wherein the spraying system further comprises a frequency converter, a pressurizing device (10), an absorption liquid supply pump station, a liquid supply pipeline (8) and a water quality filter.
7. The monitoring and integrated treatment system of claim 1, wherein the PLC control system includes a fuzzy controller; the PLC control system adopts an automatic frequency conversion mode, fuzzy control processing and logic comparison are carried out in a fuzzy controller through high gas and high hydrogen sulfide concentration transmitted by a sensor, when the concentration of any toxic and harmful gas reaches the preset minimum concentration, a control signal sends an instruction to a frequency conversion control unit, the running frequency of a controlled object is improved, the running frequency of the controlled object is higher and higher along with the increase of the concentration of the harmful substance, and if the frequency of the controlled object reaches the maximum, the requirement cannot be met, an alarm is carried out; on the contrary, along with the reduction of the concentration, the running frequency of the controlled object is lower and lower, and the air volume is smaller and smaller until the air speed is reduced to the minimum air speed set value; the controlled objects are a jet fan and a pressurizing device arranged in a pumping station.
8. The monitoring and integrated treatment system of claim 7, wherein the step of analytically calculating by the fuzzy controller comprises:
s1: the fuzzy controller calculates according to a preset given value and an actual concentration accurate value sampled by the field sensor to obtain a deviation value e and a deviation change rate ecTwo deviation signals;
s2: fuzzifying the two deviation signals, and calculating the membership degree and the fuzzy quantity of the actual concentration;
s3: expressing the fuzzy quantities of the two deviation signals by using corresponding fuzzy languages so as to obtain a subset of the fuzzy languages, and then carrying out fuzzy decision by the subset according to a fuzzy control rule R so as to obtain a fuzzy control quantity u;
s4: the fuzzy control quantity u is converted into accurate digital quantity through non-fuzzification processing, then the accurate digital quantity is converted into accurate analog quantity through digital-to-analog conversion, the accurate analog quantity is sent to an executing mechanism, and the controlled object is controlled in one step; finally, secondary sampling is carried out, and subsequent cycle control is completed, so that the controlled object has good dynamic and static performances; the actuating mechanism is a frequency converter, and the controlled objects are a jet fan and a pressurizing device arranged in the pumping station.
9. The monitoring and comprehensive treatment system according to any one of claims 1 to 8, further comprising a monitoring center, specifically comprising a display, an alarm, an input, an output and a manual control system; the monitoring center is used for receiving signals uploaded by the PLC control system; the display is used for displaying various parameter values calculated, analyzed and judged by the PLC control system; the output end and the manual control system are used for performing manual operation according to the existing parameters, so that the parameters are fed back to the PLC control system through the output end; and the alarm gives an alarm according to the judgment result of the PLC control system.
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Inventor after: Ma Xiaojun Inventor after: Cheng Liang Inventor after: Zhang Hufa Inventor after: Zhang Danfeng Inventor after: Cai Shuang Inventor after: Sun Xiaolei Inventor after: Li Ke Inventor after: Zhang Xueqiang Inventor after: Li Penghui Inventor before: Ma Xiaojun Inventor before: Cheng Liang Inventor before: Zhang Hufa Inventor before: Zhang Danfeng Inventor before: Cai Shuang Inventor before: Sun Xiaolei Inventor before: Li Ke Inventor before: Zhang Xueqiang Inventor before: Li Penghui |
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Application publication date: 20210810 |