CN104777004A - Comprehensive large-section immersed tunnel fire hazard experiment method - Google Patents
Comprehensive large-section immersed tunnel fire hazard experiment method Download PDFInfo
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- CN104777004A CN104777004A CN201510026096.3A CN201510026096A CN104777004A CN 104777004 A CN104777004 A CN 104777004A CN 201510026096 A CN201510026096 A CN 201510026096A CN 104777004 A CN104777004 A CN 104777004A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a comprehensive large-section immersed tunnel fire hazard experiment method which comprises the following steps: a, preparing an experiment oil disc for simulating fire hazard inside a formed tunnel structure; b, injecting water of a set liquid level into the experiment oil disc, and injecting fuel oil of a set liquid level into the experiment oil disc; c, igniting to combust the fuel oil in the experiment oil disc to start the experiment, and acquiring the parameters and analyzing the data. Due to the adoption of the comprehensive large-section immersed tunnel fire hazard experiment method, real fire hazard scenes can be simulated and monitored, real fire hazard scenes of the tunnel can be simulated under experiment conditions, real fire hazard data of the tunnel under different conditions can be acquired, disaster can be avoided, emergency treatment measures can be specifically taken, and significant theoretical foundation can be provided for construction and fire prevention of tunnels; by virtue of the physical properties of oil and water, oil and water are arranged in the experiment disc in different layers, so that the combustion efficiency of fuel oil can be sufficiently brought into full play, the fuel oil can be saved, auxiliary facilities such as the experiment oil disc can be effectively protected, and fire hazard or loss caused by accidents can be avoided.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of experimental system for tunnel safety, particularly a kind of experimental technique of tunnel fire hazard.
Background technology
Vcehicular tunnel is as tubular structure thing, in tunnel, space environment is narrow, and visibility is usually lower, adds the effect into black hole during hole, black surround effect and hole interior wall, very easily there is vehicle collision, vehicle race anchor equivalence energy accident in tunnel, and easily bring out various fire.Therefore, due to the above-mentioned singularity on vcehicular tunnel space structure, the Potential feasibility ubiquity of breaking out of fire in vcehicular tunnel.
Vcehicular tunnel is especially long, in Extra-long Highway Tunnel once breaking out of fire, if can not Timeliness coverage, put out in time, the intensity of a fire longitudinally will spread fast along tunnel, and the adjacent vehicle that misfortune and having little time is evacuated; A large amount of toxic and harmfuls of the heat wave that burning produces and discharge can make tunnel environment sharply worsen, to cause in tunnel department to take advantage of suffocating with staff, burn, in poisoning even dead, fire-fighting and rescue worker cannot be organized in the tunnel outside and effectively put out a fire and rescue operation.Therefore, the often very little condition of a fire, also can bring out large fire, and fire in tunnel is usually to cause a large amount of casualties and serious property loss for final result.Moreover, tunnel fire hazard also can cause the serious damage of tunnel facility, causes short then a few hours, and long then tens of hours even the road usefulness of longer time are interrupted, and cause inestimable economic loss, the harmfulness of visible tunnel fire hazard is very serious.
For avoiding and solve the harm because tunnel fire hazard brings, reply fire in tunnel has overall understanding in advance; Therefore, need a kind of experiment method for tunnel fire hazard simulation, can the natural fire scene of simulation tunnel, obtain the fire data under the real various condition in tunnel, to avert a calamity or pointed timely emergency processing, and provide important theoretical foundation for the construction in tunnel and fire-fighting.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the invention provides the fire integrated test method of a kind of big cross section immersed tube tunnel, can the natural fire scene of simulation tunnel, obtain the fire data under the real various condition in tunnel, to avert a calamity or pointed timely emergency processing, and provide important theoretical foundation for the construction in tunnel and fire-fighting.
The fire integrated test method of big cross section immersed tube tunnel of the present invention, comprises the following steps:
A. in the tunnel construction be shaped, prepare the experiment food tray for generation of simulated fire;
B. inject the water of setting liquid level to experiment food tray, and inject the fuel oil of setting liquid level in experiment food tray;
C. igniting makes the oil inflame in experiment food tray start experiment, gathers and data analysis the weight-loss ratio parameter of the temperature after the simulated fire of tunnel construction, heat radiation, hot-fluid, mist flow rate and fuel simultaneously;
D. output parameter and analysis result.
Further, also comprise the following steps:
E. pass through the weight-loss ratio of the fuel liquid level of step b and the fuel oil of step c collection, adjust according to steps d and keep fuel head;
Further, in step b, the oil level of fuel oil is obtained by the pressure transducer be positioned within water level, concrete acquisition pattern:
Pressure transducer value is P, and experimental oil radius surface of trying to get to the heart of a matter is r, and opening radius is R, is highly d, and in experiment food tray, the height of water is d water, and calculate fuel head h and pasta radius r oil, concrete computation process is as follows:
Have pressure formula known:
ρ water × g × d water+ρ oil × g × (h-d water)=P; 1.
By 1. obtaining fuel head h:
Known by leg-of-mutton similarity principle:
By 3. and 4. obtaining pasta radius:
Further, in step b, experiment food tray is by fueller fuel feeding, and described fueller comprises oil sump and the fuel delivery in oil sump extremely tested the oil feed pump of food tray;
Oil feed pump controls fuel feeding by control device, and described control device comprises:
Oil level detection unit, is arranged at experiment food tray for the fuel level in test experience food tray;
Oil feed pump control module, for controlling keying or the adjustment delivery rate of oil feed pump;
CPU (central processing unit), for receiving the fuel level signal of oil level detection unit and sending keying or the order of adjustment delivery rate to oil feed pump control module;
Further, described oil sump comprise all with diesel pool and the gasoline pool of oil feed pump inlet communication;
Described control device also comprises:
Diesel oil solenoid valve, to be installed between diesel pool and oil feed pump import and the order receiving CPU (central processing unit) open and close or regulate diesel oil pass through flow;
Gasoline solenoid valve, to be installed between gasoline pool and oil feed pump import and the order receiving CPU (central processing unit) open and close or regulate gasoline pass through flow;
The total solenoid valve of fuel oil, to be installed between oil feed pump outlet with experiment food tray and the order receiving CPU (central processing unit) open and close or regulate fuel oil pass through flow;
In step b, by controlling the keying of diesel oil solenoid valve and gasoline solenoid valve, choice experiment type of fuel, and by controlling oil feed pump and the total solenoid valve of fuel oil injects fuel oil in experiment food tray, fuel cut-off after the height making fuel head reach needed for this experimental size;
Further, in step b, experiment food tray is supplied water by water supply installation, and described water supply installation comprises pond and the water in pond is delivered to the make-up pump of experiment food tray;
Described control device also comprises:
Water supply electromagnetic valve, to be installed between make-up pump outlet with experiment food tray and the order receiving CPU (central processing unit) open and close or regulate water pass through flow;
Make-up pump control module, the order for receiving CPU (central processing unit) controls the keying of make-up pump or the delivery rate of adjustment water;
Further, the water inlet that described experiment food tray is used for being communicated with make-up pump is against tests food tray bottom, and described oil level detection unit is the pressure transducer be positioned within water level;
Further, obtain parameter by monitoring analysis device in step c, monitoring analysis device comprises:
Temperature detecting unit, when being distributed in tunnel construction for detecting simulated fire, multi-point temp parameters for transmission is to CPU (central processing unit);
Wind speed measurement unit, is distributed in tunnel construction inner space for detecting tunnel construction wind speed and transferring to CPU (central processing unit);
Flue gas inspection unit, is distributed in flue gas circulation place of tunnel construction inner space for detecting set component content in flue gas and transferring to CPU (central processing unit);
Fuel weight detecting unit, for test experience food tray intermediate fuel oil combustible loss weight and transfer to CPU (central processing unit);
Image acquisition unit, for obtaining the image information of tunnel construction inner space and transferring to CPU (central processing unit);
Radiation and hot-fluid acquiring unit, for detecting the heat radiation of the non-burning things which may cause a fire disaster section in tunnel construction inner space and heat flow value and transferring to CPU (central processing unit);
Further, described temperature detecting unit comprise be distributed in tunnel construction body, the temperature sensor of the burning things which may cause a fire disaster section of tunnel construction inner space, the non-burning things which may cause a fire disaster section of tunnel construction inner space and tunnel construction exhaust opening;
Described flue gas inspection unit be arranged at tunnel construction inner space non-burning things which may cause a fire disaster section for detecting CO, NO2, CO2 or/and the flue gas analyzer of O2 content;
Described wind speed measurement unit comprise be distributed in tunnel construction inner space non-burning things which may cause a fire disaster section, tunnel construction exhaust opening and discharge flue in air velocity transducer;
Further, described control device also comprises the automatic ignition unit that the order for receiving CPU (central processing unit) is lighted the fuel oil in experiment food tray;
Described tunnel construction is also provided with smoke-discharging and ventilating system;
Described CPU (central processing unit) also signal is connected with the input-output unit for input command and output signal;
The fire integrated test method of described big cross section immersed tube tunnel also comprises fire plant, and described fire plant comprises fire-fighting pond, fire extinguishing pump and the fire-fighting spray device with fire extinguishing pump outlet;
Described control device also comprises:
Fire Fighting Pump Control unit, the order for receiving CPU (central processing unit) controls the keying of fire extinguishing pump or the delivery rate of adjustment fire-fighting medium;
In steps d, also by the video frequency output real time monitoring experimental field situation of viewport, image acquisition unit and CPU (central processing unit);
Also comprise the following steps:
F. fire plant is opened as required.
Beneficial effect of the present invention: the fire integrated test method of big cross section immersed tube tunnel of the present invention, adopt and intend genuine tunnel construction, fire occurrence scene that is virtually reality like reality is also monitored, the natural fire scene of simulation tunnel in laboratory conditions, obtain the fire data under the real various condition in tunnel, to avert a calamity or pointed timely emergency processing, and provide important theoretical foundation for the construction in tunnel and fire-fighting; When testing, water and the equal injection experiments food tray of fuel oil, utilize oil and water physical property; profit is divided and is placed on experimental oil dish, the burning efficiency of fuel oil can be given full play to, saving fuel oil; meanwhile, available protecting is realized to affiliated facilities such as experiment food trays, avoids causing accidental fire or loss.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the invention will be further described.
Fig. 1 a, Fig. 1 b, Fig. 1 c, Fig. 1 d are structural representation of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is simulated fire subsystem of the present invention and monitoring analysis subsystem schematic diagram;
Fig. 3 is test method process flow diagram of the present invention.
Embodiment
Fig. 1 a, Fig. 1 b, Fig. 1 c, Fig. 1 d are structural representation of the present invention, and Fig. 2 is simulated fire of the present invention
Subsystem and monitoring analysis subsystem schematic diagram, Fig. 3 is test method process flow diagram of the present invention; This enforcement
The fire integrated test method of big cross section immersed tube tunnel of example, comprises the following steps:
A. in the tunnel construction 1 be shaped, prepare the experiment food tray for generation of simulated fire; Experiment food tray 2 is placed in tunnel construction 1 on fuel weight detecting unit 29 (weighbridge), and keeps planar horizontal on experiment food tray;
Tunnel construction 1 refers to makes the tunnel structure identical with true tunnel, the present embodiment be one to one ratio be made into full size cun tunnel, long 150 meters of tunnel construction 1, wide 15.950 meters, high 7.8 meters, floor area of building 2392.5 square meter is reinforced concrete structure; Tunnel is made up of the smoke duct (2.2 meters wide 3 meters high) of a joint 30 meters of entity sections, 4 joint 30 meters of frame section and 150 meters long; Entity section is positioned in the middle of experiment tunnel, and can carry out extensive fire test, respectively there are two joint frame section interlude both sides; Wherein entity section thickness is 70cm, and frame section thickness is 12cm; Rise apart from tunnel portal 7.5m and a view window is set at interval of 15m, arrange 10 altogether; Rise apart from hole 30m and evacuation emergency exits are set at interval of 45m, arrange 3 altogether;
View window adopts fire-proof and explosion-proof safety glass to make, and wherein view window 5 and view window 6 are positioned at and test tunnel entity section, and for the ease of observing extensive fire test scene, its opening size is 1m × 1m, and other view windows are of a size of 0.6m × 0.6m.
Evacuate emergency exits and adopt first class fire-proof door, its door of evacuation emergency exits 2 being wherein positioned at entity section has installed fire-proof and explosion-proof safety glass, and experimenter observes the experimental conditions in tunnel by glass;
B. inject the water of setting liquid level to experiment food tray, and inject the fuel oil of setting liquid level in experiment food tray; When testing, water and the equal injection experiments food tray 2 of fuel oil, utilize oil and water physical property, profit is divided and is placed on experimental oil dish, the burning efficiency of fuel oil can be given full play to, saving fuel oil, meanwhile, available protecting is realized to affiliated facilities such as experiment food trays, avoids causing accidental fire or loss; During use, water level is generally fixed value; Which is beneficial to and controls HRR and combustion intensity and time;
C. igniting makes the oil inflame in experiment food tray 2 start experiment, gathers and data analysis the weight-loss ratio parameter of the temperature after the simulated fire of tunnel construction, heat radiation, hot-fluid, mist flow rate and fuel simultaneously;
D. output parameter and analysis result, the parameter of output refers to the weight-loss ratio of temperature, heat radiation, hot-fluid, mist flow rate and fuel, and data analysis is referred to and exported by the mode such as curve, icon;
Certainly, CPU (central processing unit) 21 is needed can to realize collection and the analysis of above-mentioned parameter.
In the present embodiment, also comprise the following steps:
E. pass through the weight-loss ratio of the fuel liquid level of step b and the fuel oil of step c collection, adjust according to steps d and keep fuel head; This step is the reduced gravity situations of comburant in experiment food tray 2 times placement one weighbridges are for experiments of measuring process; Experimentally need, weighbridge can be placed on the diverse location in burning things which may cause a fire disaster section, for detecting oil inflame amount, by the weight-loss ratio of the mutation analysis comburant of data, for the anti-burning scale that pushes away provides data basis.
In the present embodiment, in step b, the oil level of fuel oil is obtained by the pressure transducer 3 be positioned within water level, protection pressure transducer 3 not damage by oil inflame, and oil level (oil mass) can be recorded, be easy to control amount of fuel thus control the thermal efficiency; Pressure transducer 3 obtains oil level, concrete acquisition pattern by calculating within being positioned at water level:
Pressure transducer value is P, and experimental oil radius surface of trying to get to the heart of a matter is r, and opening radius is R, is highly d, and in experiment food tray, the height of water is d water, and calculate fuel head h and pasta radius r oil, concrete computation process is as follows:
Have pressure formula known:
ρ water × g × d water+ρ oil × g × (h-d water)=P; 1.
By 1. obtaining fuel head h:
Known by leg-of-mutton similarity principle:
By 3. and 4. obtaining pasta radius:
In the present embodiment, in step b, experiment food tray is by fueller fuel feeding, and described fueller comprises oil sump and the fuel delivery in oil sump extremely tested the oil feed pump of food tray;
Oil feed pump controls fuel feeding by control device, and described control device comprises:
Oil level detection unit, is arranged at experiment food tray for the fuel level in test experience food tray;
Oil feed pump control module, for controlling keying or the adjustment delivery rate of oil feed pump; Control the keying of oil feed pump as required, or by speed governing to reach the object of adjustment oil mass;
CPU (central processing unit), for receiving the fuel level signal of oil level detection unit and sending keying or the order of adjustment delivery rate to oil feed pump control module; CPU (central processing unit) 21 can be existing computing machine, which includes the reception process (comprising conversion, amplification etc.) etc. of electric signal, does not repeat them here; Meanwhile, for control device, it is required for being equipped with necessary supply unit, and the function of supply unit is for the experimental facilities of all electricity consumptions in scene is powered, and it is formed primarily of on-the-spot panel box and distributing cable; Panel box mounting means adopt land installation and sidewall mount two kinds; Outer cable adopts directly buried installation, and tunnel inner cable lays in cable duct, does not repeat them here.
In the present embodiment, described oil sump comprise all with diesel pool and the gasoline pool of oil feed pump inlet communication;
Described control device also comprises:
Diesel oil solenoid valve, to be installed between diesel pool and oil feed pump import and the order receiving CPU (central processing unit) open and close or regulate diesel oil pass through flow;
Gasoline solenoid valve, to be installed between gasoline pool and oil feed pump import and the order receiving CPU (central processing unit) open and close or regulate gasoline pass through flow;
The total solenoid valve of fuel oil, to be installed between oil feed pump outlet with experiment food tray and the order receiving CPU (central processing unit) open and close or regulate fuel oil pass through flow;
In step b, by controlling the keying of diesel oil solenoid valve and gasoline solenoid valve, choice experiment type of fuel, and by controlling oil feed pump and the total solenoid valve of fuel oil injects fuel oil in experiment food tray, fuel cut-off after the height making fuel head reach needed for this experimental size;
As shown in the figure, diesel pool 17 and gasoline pool 18 are communicated in a house steward respectively by respective arm, and this house steward is communicated in oil feed pump 13 import, and diesel oil solenoid valve 16 is arranged on the arm of diesel pool 17, and gasoline solenoid valve 15 is arranged on the arm of gasoline pool 18; The control mode of diesel oil solenoid valve 16, gasoline solenoid valve 15 and the total solenoid valve of fuel oil 11 is existing automatically controlled mode, does not repeat them here; And three solenoid valves all form replacement by existing pneumatic valve etc., serve the same role;
In the present embodiment, the fire being switched gasoline and diesel oil by solenoid valve or jointly caused, the analysis of the fire caused for different fuel provides technical support.
In the present embodiment, in step b, experiment food tray is supplied water by water supply installation, and described water supply installation comprises pond 19 and water in pond 19 is delivered to the make-up pump 8 of experiment food tray;
Described control device also comprises:
Water supply electromagnetic valve 10, be installed on make-up pump 8 to export and test between food tray 2 and the order receiving CPU (central processing unit) 21 open and close or regulate water pass through flow;
Make-up pump control module 9, the order for receiving CPU (central processing unit) 21 controls keying or the adjustment delivery rate of make-up pump 8;
As shown in the figure, be also provided with the blowoff electromagnetic valve 4 for discharging water and Fuel Remained bottom experiment food tray 2, this blowoff electromagnetic valve 4 by the control of CPU (central processing unit) 21, does not repeat them here certainly yet.
When testing, water and the equal injection experiments food tray 2 of fuel oil, utilize oil and water physical property, profit is divided and is placed on experimental oil dish, the burning efficiency of fuel oil can be given full play to, saving fuel oil, meanwhile, available protecting is realized to affiliated facilities such as experiment food trays, avoids causing accidental fire or loss; During use, water level is generally fixed value.
In experimentation, oil level is by Real-time Collection liquid level sensor information, control to supply water, 8, oil feed pump 13, make-up pump control module 9, oil feed pump control module 14, the parts running status such as aforementioned electromagnetic valve, the fuel head of testing in food tray is remained on the height needed for experiment.
In the present embodiment, described experiment food tray 2 is against for the water inlet be communicated with make-up pump 8 and tests food tray 2 bottom, and described oil level detection unit 3 is for being positioned at the pressure transducer within water level; Protection oil level detection unit 3 not damage by oil inflame, and oil level (oil mass) can be recorded, be easy to control amount of fuel thus control the thermal efficiency; Oil level detection unit 3 obtains oil level by calculating within being positioned at water level, does not repeat them here; The oil-in that experiment food tray is used for being communicated with oil feed pump also can be positioned within water level, to ensure not occur chain fire when burning and the lower temperature ensureing inflow pipeline.
In the present embodiment, experiment food tray 2 is up big and down small taper type; Up big and down small frustum structure, it is uncovered that formation upper end expands gradually, is beneficial to the release of the rear heat of burning and is beneficial to conflagration, eliminating danger of combustion.
In the present embodiment, obtain parameter by monitoring analysis device in step c, monitoring analysis device comprises:
Temperature detecting unit 24, when being distributed in tunnel construction 1 for detecting simulated fire, multi-point temp parameters for transmission is to CPU (central processing unit); Generally distribute according to section, mainly realize the temperature acquisition in the temperature of cross sections in tunnel, tunnel structure in temperature, smokejack and data analysis, for fire research provides data and theoretical foundation; As in an experiment, the various temperature curve such as the temperatur-timel curve of the temperature curve of different section same position, the temperature time curve of maximum temperature point, minimum temperature point, preserve all test datas gathered, for subject study provides temperature data in experimentation to support;
Wind speed measurement unit 25, is distributed in tunnel construction inner space for detecting tunnel construction wind speed and transferring to CPU (central processing unit) 21; Mainly realize the air monitoring in wind speed and smokejack in tunnel, draw the ventilation curve of diverse location, calculate smoke evacuation ability;
Flue gas inspection unit 26, is distributed in flue gas circulation place of tunnel construction inner space for detecting set component content in flue gas and transferring to CPU (central processing unit) 21; According to component content data, draw the data and curves of the smoke composition of diverse location, analyze the escape environment under fire conditions, result in greater loss when avoiding natural fire to occur.
Fuel weight detecting unit 29, for test experience food tray intermediate fuel oil combustible loss weight and transfer to CPU (central processing unit) 21; At the reduced gravity situations that experiment food tray is placed a weighbridge and is used for comburant in experiments of measuring process for 2 times; Experimentally need, weighbridge can be placed on the diverse location in burning things which may cause a fire disaster section, for detecting oil inflame amount, by the weight-loss ratio of the mutation analysis comburant of data, for the anti-burning scale that pushes away provides data basis.
Image acquisition unit 29, transfers to CPU (central processing unit) 21 for the image information that obtains in tunnel construction 1; Monitor for experimentation centre field and experimentation video recording; Can be made up of the video work station in each control point video camera be laid in tunnel and pulpit, receive by CPU (central processing unit) is unified and sends;
Radiation and hot-fluid acquiring unit, for detecting the heat radiation of the non-burning things which may cause a fire disaster section in tunnel construction inner space and heat flow value and transferring to CPU (central processing unit); As shown in the figure, obtaining detected parameters by radiometer 27 and full heat flux sensor 28, mainly realize the heat radiation value collection of each non-burning things which may cause a fire disaster section, by gathering the heat radiation value that gets, instead pushing away fire scale.
In the present embodiment, described temperature detecting unit 24 comprise be distributed in tunnel construction 1 body, the temperature sensor of the burning things which may cause a fire disaster section of tunnel construction inner space, the non-burning things which may cause a fire disaster section of tunnel construction 1 inner space and tunnel construction 1 exhaust opening 32; Rational layout temperature sensor, is easy to obtain sufficient data message;
Described flue gas inspection unit 26 for be arranged at tunnel construction inner space non-burning things which may cause a fire disaster section for detecting CO, NO2, CO2 or/and the flue gas analyzer of O2 content; As shown in the figure, structure is simple and easy to use, and distribution is reasonable, for concrete on fire escape and subsequent treatment provide theoretical foundation;
Described wind speed measurement unit 25 comprise be distributed in tunnel construction 1 inner space non-burning things which may cause a fire disaster section, tunnel construction 1 exhaust opening 32 and discharge flue 35 in air velocity transducer (anemoscope); Obtain the wind speed of the present embodiment each point, obtain ability of discharging fume comparatively really.
As shown in the figure, in tunnel construction, be provided with 9 test sections altogether, be respectively A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, A7, A8, A9, wherein burning things which may cause a fire disaster is positioned at monitoring section A6, i.e. burning things which may cause a fire disaster section part, and remaining is non-burning things which may cause a fire disaster section; The present embodiment arranges 491 temperature sensors altogether, wherein 135 points (legend of filling in figure) in tunnel construction body, 330, transversal section, tunnel construction inner space point (blank legend), exhaust opening 24 points, 2 points in discharge flue; On burning things which may cause a fire disaster section, arrange air themperature measuring point along direction, three, left and right on burning things which may cause a fire disaster; Non-burning things which may cause a fire disaster section is then arranged in the Temperature Distribution on the upside of cross-sectional space on whole cross section; In tunnel construction body 135 points on each transversal section along on directions, three, left and right arrange;
Arrange air velocity transducer (anemoscope) 50 altogether, wherein non-burning things which may cause a fire disaster section other 8 sections outer respectively establish 3, and 24 exhaust openings respectively establish 1, are provided with 2 in discharge flue;
Flue gas analyzer respectively at least arranges one on each non-burning things which may cause a fire disaster section;
1 built-up radiation meter and 1 full heat flux sensor is laid respectively, for the radiation value intensity in the experimentation of monitoring section and heat flow value at each non-burning things which may cause a fire disaster section;
In the present embodiment, described control device also comprises the automatic ignition unit 12 that the order for receiving CPU (central processing unit) is lighted the fuel oil in experiment food tray 2; Automatic ignition unit generally adopts ignition, as required, forms automatic ignition by central processing unit controls, and control the fuel oil that ignition ignites in experiment food tray 2, start fire test, process safety, eliminates safe hidden trouble;
Described tunnel construction is also provided with smoke-discharging and ventilating system; This smoke-discharging and ventilating system simulation Tunnel Ventilation System, as shown in the figure, tunnel construction 1 side wall upper part arranges smoke duct 35, the long 150m of smoke duct, cross wind area 6.6m2 (2.2m × 3m), side, tunnel is offered 6 groups of exhaust openings 32 and is connected with smoke duct 35, and the distance between adjacent sets is 22.5m, often group comprises the exhaust opening of four 1m × 2m, is 3m with the spacing of adjacent exhaust opening in group; Apart from 7m place, smokejack both sides, each installation axial flow blower 34, tunnel construction inner space is also provided with jet blower 36, for secondary ventilation;
Described CPU (central processing unit) 21 is gone back signal and is connected with input-output unit for input command and output signal, i.e. input block 22 and output unit 23; Input-output unit comprises the input equipment such as keyboard, touch-screen and the output device such as printing, display screen, does not repeat them here;
Described tunnel fire hazard comprehensive experimental system also comprises fire-fighting subsystem, and described fire-fighting subsystem comprises fire-fighting pond 20, fire extinguishing pump 6 and the fire-fighting spray device 5 with fire extinguishing pump 6 outlet;
Fire-fighting subsystem suffocates to comburant during fire test, cools, and study foam water spraying system on temperature field, smog field and evacuating personnel escape environment impact; Fire extinguishing pump 6 generally comprises fire pump, foam pump, and supporting its is made up of fire-fighting pond 20 (comprising fire-water pond, foam liquid pool or tank), water spray pipe network, foam solution pipe network, foam water spraying valve block (containing proportioner) and foam water spraying nozzle (spray equipment 5) etc.;
In steps d, also by the video frequency output real time monitoring experimental field situation of viewport, image acquisition unit and CPU (central processing unit);
Described control device also comprises:
Fire Fighting Pump Control unit 7, the order for receiving CPU (central processing unit) 21 controls the keying of fire extinguishing pump or the delivery rate of adjustment fire-fighting medium;
In experimentation, can the fire-fighting system such as open water spray, foam water spray, studied by the adaptability of experimental data to various fire-fighting system fire extinguishing control fire such as ageing of the temperature of Real-time Collection, smog and fire extinguishing.
Certainly, also need to be provided with illumination subsystems, function be for experiment necessary brightness is provided, carry out fire working under the impact experiment of the fire characteristic such as smog, temperature factor pair illuminator and various tunnel illumination light fixture performance test experiment; As shown in the figure, illuminating lamp 33 comprises lighting lamp for fire service and ordinary crossing lamp, and lighting lamp for fire service is generally positioned near burning things which may cause a fire disaster; For obtaining the visibility parameter in the tunnel of concrete on fire further, be positioned at tunnel construction 1 inner space and be also provided with visibility meter 30, to obtain the visibility parameters for transmission of scene of fire to CPU (central processing unit) 21, for tunnel illumination research and for rescue and escape foundation is provided.
Experimentally object can carry out cloth lamp by the cloth lamp method of various ways, differing heights to various light fixture in experiment tunnel, carry out experiment.
Further, during experiment, need that there is experiment protection, generally comprise equipment protection aspect and personal safe protection aspect;
Equipment protection aspect mainly contains PLASTIC LAMINATED, anti-guncotton and ceramic fiber cloth.Wherein PLASTIC LAMINATED and anti-guncotton are mainly used in weighbridge flameproof protection; Ceramic fiber cloth is mainly used in sensor signal lines protection.
Life security protection aspect mainly contains igniting person's fireproof garment, safety helmet, mouth mask, fireproof garment etc., for the protection of experimenter's life safety.
Also comprise the following steps:
F. fire plant is opened as required;
Can Control release Tunnel Ventilation System in experimentation, carry out the experiment of work ventilation operating mode, and record corresponding data, so that the follow-up effect to various draft type is analyzed.
The brightness of various light fixture can be tested in experimentation, can assess tunnel illumination indexs such as the pattern of lightings of the light transmission of various light fixture, various light fixture.
The fire-fighting system such as spray, foam water spray can be opened, studied by the adaptability of experimental data to various fire-fighting system fire extinguishing control fire such as ageing of the temperature of Real-time Collection, smog and fire extinguishing.
What finally illustrate is, above embodiment is only in order to illustrate technical scheme of the present invention and unrestricted, although with reference to preferred embodiment to invention has been detailed description, those of ordinary skill in the art is to be understood that, can modify to technical scheme of the present invention or equivalent replacement, and not departing from aim and the scope of technical solution of the present invention, it all should be encompassed in the middle of right of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. the fire integrated test method of big cross section immersed tube tunnel, is characterized in that: comprise the following steps:
A. in the tunnel construction be shaped, prepare the experiment food tray for generation of simulated fire;
B. inject the water of setting liquid level to experiment food tray, and inject the fuel oil of setting liquid level in experiment food tray;
C. igniting makes the oil inflame in experiment food tray start experiment, gathers and data analysis the weight-loss ratio parameter of the temperature after the simulated fire of tunnel construction, heat radiation, hot-fluid, mist flow rate and fuel simultaneously;
D. output parameter and analysis result.
2. the fire integrated test method of big cross section immersed tube tunnel according to claim 1, is characterized in that: also comprise the following steps:
E. pass through the weight-loss ratio of the fuel liquid level of step b and the fuel oil of step c collection, adjust according to steps d and keep fuel head.
3. the fire integrated test method of big cross section immersed tube tunnel according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in step b, and the oil level of fuel oil is obtained by the pressure transducer be positioned within water level, concrete acquisition pattern:
Pressure transducer value is P, and experimental oil radius surface of trying to get to the heart of a matter is r, and opening radius is R, is highly d, and in experiment food tray, the height of water is d water, and calculate fuel head h and pasta radius r oil, concrete computation process is as follows:
Have pressure formula known:
ρ water × g × d water+ρ oil × g × (h-d water)=P; 1.
By 1. obtaining fuel head h:
②
Known by leg-of-mutton similarity principle:
③
④
By 3. and 4. obtaining pasta radius:
⑤。
4. the fire integrated test method of big cross section immersed tube tunnel according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in step b, and experiment food tray is by fueller fuel feeding, and described fueller comprises oil sump and the fuel delivery in oil sump extremely tested the oil feed pump of food tray;
Oil feed pump controls fuel feeding by control device, and described control device comprises:
Oil level detection unit, is arranged at experiment food tray for the fuel level in test experience food tray;
Oil feed pump control module, for controlling the keying of oil feed pump or adjusting the delivery rate of fuel oil;
CPU (central processing unit), for receiving the fuel level signal of oil level detection unit and sending keying or the order of adjustment delivery rate to oil feed pump control module.
5. the fire integrated test method of big cross section immersed tube tunnel according to claim 4, is characterized in that: described oil sump comprise all with diesel pool and the gasoline pool of oil feed pump inlet communication;
Described control device also comprises:
Diesel oil solenoid valve, to be installed between diesel pool and oil feed pump import and the order receiving CPU (central processing unit) open and close or regulate diesel oil pass through flow;
Gasoline solenoid valve, to be installed between gasoline pool and oil feed pump import and the order receiving CPU (central processing unit) open and close or regulate gasoline pass through flow;
The total solenoid valve of fuel oil, to be installed between oil feed pump outlet with experiment food tray and the order receiving CPU (central processing unit) open and close or regulate fuel oil pass through flow;
In step b, by controlling the keying of diesel oil solenoid valve and gasoline solenoid valve, choice experiment type of fuel, and by controlling oil feed pump and the total solenoid valve of fuel oil injects fuel oil in experiment food tray, fuel cut-off after the height making fuel head reach needed for this experimental size.
6. the fire integrated test method of big cross section immersed tube tunnel according to claim 5, is characterized in that: in step b, and experiment food tray is supplied water by water supply installation, and described water supply installation comprises pond and the water in pond is delivered to the make-up pump of experiment food tray;
Described control device also comprises:
Water supply electromagnetic valve, to be installed between make-up pump outlet with experiment food tray and the order receiving CPU (central processing unit) open and close or regulate water pass through flow;
Make-up pump control module, the order for receiving CPU (central processing unit) controls the keying of make-up pump or the delivery rate of adjustment water.
7. the fire integrated test method of big cross section immersed tube tunnel according to claim 6, it is characterized in that: the water inlet that described experiment food tray is used for being communicated with make-up pump is against tests food tray bottom, and described oil level detection unit is the pressure transducer be positioned within water level.
8. the fire integrated test method of big cross section immersed tube tunnel according to claim 1, is characterized in that: obtain parameter by monitoring analysis device in step c, monitoring analysis device comprises:
Temperature detecting unit, when being distributed in tunnel construction for detecting simulated fire, multi-point temp parameters for transmission is to CPU (central processing unit);
Wind speed measurement unit, is distributed in tunnel construction inner space for detecting tunnel construction wind speed and transferring to CPU (central processing unit);
Flue gas inspection unit, is distributed in flue gas circulation place of tunnel construction inner space for detecting set component content in flue gas and transferring to CPU (central processing unit);
Fuel weight detecting unit, for test experience food tray intermediate fuel oil combustible loss weight and transfer to CPU (central processing unit);
Image acquisition unit, for obtaining the image information of tunnel construction inner space and transferring to CPU (central processing unit);
Radiation and hot-fluid acquiring unit, for detecting the heat radiation of the non-burning things which may cause a fire disaster section in tunnel construction inner space and heat flow value and transferring to CPU (central processing unit).
9. the fire integrated test method of big cross section immersed tube tunnel according to claim 8, is characterized in that: described temperature detecting unit comprise be distributed in tunnel construction body, the temperature sensor of the burning things which may cause a fire disaster section of tunnel construction inner space, the non-burning things which may cause a fire disaster section of tunnel construction inner space and tunnel construction exhaust opening;
Described flue gas inspection unit be arranged at tunnel construction inner space non-burning things which may cause a fire disaster section for detecting CO, NO2, CO2 or/and the flue gas analyzer of O2 content;
Described wind speed measurement unit comprise be distributed in tunnel construction inner space non-burning things which may cause a fire disaster section, tunnel construction exhaust opening and discharge flue in air velocity transducer.
10. the fire integrated test method of big cross section immersed tube tunnel according to claim 7, is characterized in that: described control device also comprises the automatic ignition unit that the order for receiving CPU (central processing unit) is lighted the fuel oil in experiment food tray;
Described tunnel construction is also provided with smoke-discharging and ventilating system;
Described CPU (central processing unit) also signal is connected with the input-output unit for input command and output signal;
The fire integrated test method of described big cross section immersed tube tunnel also comprises fire plant, and described fire plant comprises fire-fighting pond, fire extinguishing pump and the fire-fighting spray device with fire extinguishing pump outlet;
Described control device also comprises:
Fire Fighting Pump Control unit, the order for receiving CPU (central processing unit) controls the keying of fire extinguishing pump or the delivery rate of adjustment fire-fighting medium;
In steps d, also by the video frequency output real time monitoring experimental field situation of viewport, image acquisition unit and CPU (central processing unit);
Also comprise the following steps:
F. fire plant is opened as required.
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| CN108039114A (en) * | 2018-01-16 | 2018-05-15 | 西南交通大学 | A kind of underground space fire analogue experiment installation |
| CN113236332A (en) * | 2021-06-24 | 2021-08-10 | 青海省交通建设管理有限公司 | System for monitoring and comprehensively treating toxic and harmful gas in coal-penetrating tunnel construction period |
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