CN113235327B - 一种快速降解的石墨烯复合防水纸及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种快速降解的石墨烯复合防水纸及其制备方法。该复合防水纸为纸张与还原氧化石墨烯的复合结构。该方法为:采用电场极化让纸张表面带正电荷,然后平铺于氧化石墨烯分散液表面,使得纸张一面完全浸渍,干燥,热处理。该复合防水纸具有优异的防水性和耐久性。该方法简单快速,工艺过程环保无污染。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于环保功能材料及其制备领域,特别涉及一种快速降解的石墨烯复合防水纸及其制备方法。
背景技术
传统的防水包装材料均为难降解的高分子材料,虽然具有优异的力学性能和防水性能,给生活来来了便利,但由于其难降解、回收成本高等问题,给我们的生活环境造成了严重的负担。纸基包装材料虽然易降解、也具有较好的力学性能,但往往无法用于富水物品的包装。尤其是近年来全国推行干湿垃圾分类后,人们需要将餐厨、果皮等垃圾分类倾倒,而承装这类湿垃圾的塑料垃圾袋由于难降解而属于干垃圾类。因而,为改善和提高生活的便利性,开发环保的、快速易降解的防水材料十分迫切。
石墨烯作为一种单层碳原子sp2杂化形成六边形蜂窝点阵结构的二维材料,具有超高的载流子迁移率(200000cm2V-1s-1)和载流子浓度(2×1011cm-1)。而且单层厚度约为0.34nm,具有高透明度、高导热率和疏水等特性。石墨烯纳米片可以通过自组装等技术形成石墨烯纤维、气凝胶等宏观的三维材料;可通过石墨烯片层堆垛形成石墨烯薄膜以及复合材料等。宏观的石墨烯基材料在环保、储能、可穿戴、晶体管、传感等领域得到了广泛的应用。
氧化石墨烯是化学法制备石墨烯的前驱体,它由于表面含氧官能团的存在,在众多溶剂中具有优异的分散性以及易组装性。而氧化石墨烯经还原后可得到RGO,具有优异的疏水性。因此通过将石墨烯与纸基包装材料复合,为开发新型的具有快速降解特性的防水包装材料提供了技术方案。而且,能够解决现有纸塑复合防水纸中塑料层难降解、易对环境造成污染的问题(ZL201510290148.8)。不仅如此,即便是已报道的具有生物可降解性的复合防水纸,其工艺中仍然会用到大量的醇、酮、醚、酯类(ZL200810005824.2),环氧大豆油、丙三醇等有机物(ZL201810036172.2),其生产工艺对环境造成了很大程度的污染。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种快速降解的石墨烯复合防水纸及其制备方法,以克服现有技术中传统包装材料难降解、易造成环境污染、不防水等缺陷。
本发明提供一种快速降解的石墨烯复合防水纸,所述复合防水纸为纸张与还原氧化石墨烯的复合结构,其中还原氧化石墨烯外表层为还原氧化石墨烯层,还原氧化石墨烯与纸张接触的一侧为氧化石墨烯层,还原氧化石墨烯从与纸张接触的一侧到外表层呈现还原程度递增的梯度还原特征。
优选的,上述复合防水纸中,所述纸张为植物纤维素基传统包装用纸,更优选的,所述纸张为牛皮纸。
本发明提供一种快速降解的石墨烯复合防水纸的制备方法,包括:
(1)将氧化石墨烯分散于溶剂中,超声、细胞粉碎,得到氧化石墨烯分散液;
(2)采用电场极化让纸张表面带正电荷,然后将带正电荷的纸张平铺于步骤(1)中氧化石墨烯分散液表面,使得纸张一面完全浸渍;
(3)将步骤(2)中浸渍后的纸张干燥,进行热处理,得到石墨烯复合防水纸。
优选的,上述方法中,所述步骤(1)中溶剂为去离子水。
优选的,上述方法中,所述步骤(1)中氧化石墨烯分散液浓度为0.5~15mg/mL。
优选的,上述方法中,所述步骤(1)中超声时间为1~5h。
优选的,上述方法中,所述步骤(1)中细胞粉碎时间为1~2h。
优选的,上述方法中,所述步骤(2)中电场极化电压为直流5~30kV。
优选的,上述方法中,所述步骤(2)中纸张浸渍时间为1~30min。
优选的,上述方法中,所述步骤(3)中热处理温度为80~300℃,热处理时间为1~30min。
本发明还提供一种石墨烯复合防水纸在防水包装材料中的应用。
本发明中还原氧化石墨烯从与纸张接触的一侧到外表层呈现还原程度递增的梯度还原特征为:外表层为还原氧化石墨烯,属于高还原度的石墨烯,接触纸基一侧为氧化石墨烯层,从接触纸基的一侧到外表层氧化石墨烯的还原程度逐渐增加。
本发明中热处理过程使得暴露在外侧的氧化石墨烯更容易被还原,而接触纸基一侧受热量传输影响较难还原。由于热量从外侧向接触纸基一侧传递呈现递减趋势,因而,受温度差异影响,其还原程度也呈现梯度特征。
本发明中由于起力学承载作用的纸基层为植物纤维,易于降解;起防水作用的还原氧化石墨烯层为微组装的石墨烯片层,也及其易于降解,并且不会产生任何有机物。
本发明以传统的包装用纸为基底,以氧化石墨烯溶液为功能性涂料,使用静电微组装工艺在纸基上形成氧化石墨烯涂层,并通过热处理,使得表层氧化石墨烯转变为了疏水的石墨烯层。其中,纸基表面的功能层还原程度呈现梯度分布,外表面疏水的石墨烯层起到了防水的效果,而与纸基结合的低还原度氧化石墨烯层由于其优异的界面结合力,起到了力学增强的作用。
本发明通过改变纸基材料种类,以及氧化石墨烯分散液浓度、热处理温度、时间等参数,能够获得具有不同力学性能、不同防水级别的快速降解防水纸,可满足工业以及生活垃圾盛装等多种应用领域的使用要求。
有益效果
(1)本发明操作简单,制备过程方便快速,工艺过程环保无污染;
(2)本发明所制备的石墨烯复合防水纸具有优异的防水性能,并且由于接触纸基一侧为氧化石墨烯层,与纸基具有很好的结合力,具有很好的耐久性;
(3)本发明所制备的石墨烯复合防水纸具有厚度和防水性能可调变性,可作为环保包装材料,在富水物品包装、餐厨垃圾盛装等方面具有广阔的应用前景。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例1中石墨烯复合防水纸热处理前的亲水性图;
图2为本发明实施例1中石墨烯复合防水纸的二维拉曼图(左)及其对应光学照片(右);
图3为本发明实施例1中石墨烯复合防水纸的疏水性图;
图4为本发明实施例2中石墨烯复合防水纸的疏水性图;
图5为本发明实施例3中石墨烯复合防水纸的疏水性图。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例,进一步阐述本发明。应理解,这些实施例仅用于说明本发明而不用于限制本发明的范围。此外应理解,在阅读了本发明讲授的内容之后,本领域技术人员可以对本发明作各种改动或修改,这些等价形式同样落于本申请所附权利要求书所限定的范围。
其中,实施例所用氧化石墨购自常州第六元素;接触角、耐久性、和力学性能均在25度,65%湿度环境下测试。接触角以水作为测试溶剂,采用德国DataPhysics OCA40Micro测试;耐久性采用水分测试仪测试,力学性能采用Instron 5969测试(样品长度为1cm)。
实施例1
(1)在室温下,称取500mg改性Hummers法制备的氧化石墨,置于500mL的烧杯中,然后加入去离子水200mL,配成2.5mg/mL的分散液。然后将烧杯放入水浴超声池中处理2h,再转移至细胞粉碎机中处理1h,得到均匀分散的氧化石墨烯分散液200mL,将其转移至溶液盘中待用;
(2)将待用的纤维纸(伽立包装牛皮纸,断裂强度185.0MPa,耐久性26.3min(以底部含水率5%为失效点))采用20kV电场极化处理,使得纸张表面带正电荷,然后将其平铺于步骤(1)中分散液表面10min,使得纸基一面完全浸渍,并干燥处理。
(3)将步骤(2)中所得纸张在200℃下热处理20min,即得到快速降解的石墨烯复合防水纸,其断裂强度213.2MPa,耐久性为72.4h(以底部含水率5%为失效点)。
图1表明:石墨烯复合防水纸热处理前的接触角为26.4°。
图2为处理后的二维拉曼光谱图,可看到,热处理后出现了石墨烯的特征指纹。
图3对比图1可看到热处理后石墨烯复合防水纸的疏水性显著提高,其接触角达到了92.9°。
实施例2
根据实施例1,将热处理温度改为300℃,热处理时间改为10min,其余均与实施例1相同,得到快速降解的石墨烯复合防水纸,其断裂强度197.5MPa,耐久性为118.6h(以底部含水率5%为失效点)。
图4对比图1可看到热处理后石墨烯复合防水纸的疏水性显著提高,其接触角达到了103.9°。
实施例3
根据实施例1,热处理温度为300℃,热处理时间为20min,其余均与实施例1相同,得到快速降解的石墨烯复合防水纸,其断裂强度189.7MPa,耐久性为138.7h(以底部含水率5%为失效点)。
图5对比图1可看到热处理后石墨烯复合防水纸的疏水性显著提高,其接触角达到了142.7°。
实施例4
(1)在室温下,称取1000mg改性Hummers法制备的氧化石墨,置于500mL的烧杯中,然后加入去离子水200mL,配成5.0mg/mL的分散液。然后将烧杯放入水浴超声池中处理2h,再转移至细胞粉碎机中处理1h,得到均匀分散的氧化石墨烯分散液200mL,将其转移至溶液盘中待用;
(2)将待用的纤维纸(伽立包装牛皮纸,断裂强度185.0MPa,耐久性26.3min(以底部含水率5%为失效点)),采用20kV电场极化处理,使得纸张表面带正电荷,然后将其平铺于步骤(1)中分散液表面10min,使得纸基一面完全浸渍,并干燥处理。
(3)将步骤(2)中所得纸张在200℃下热处理20min,即得到快速降解的石墨烯复合防水纸,其断裂强度249.6MPa,耐久性为68.2h(以底部含水率5%为失效点)。
实施例5
(1)在室温下,称取500mg改性Hummers法制备的氧化石墨,置于500mL的烧杯中,然后加入去离子水200mL,配成2.5mg/mL的分散液。然后将烧杯放入水浴超声池中处理2h,再转移至细胞粉碎机中处理1h,得到均匀分散的氧化石墨烯分散液200mL,将其转移至溶液盘中待用;
(2)将待用的纤维纸(伽立包装白牛皮纸,断裂强度150.0MPa,耐久性14.5min(以底部含水率5%为失效点)),采用20kV电场极化处理,使得纸张表面带正电荷,然后将其平铺于步骤(1)中分散液表面10min,使得纸基一面完全浸渍,并干燥处理。
(3)将步骤(2)中所得纸张在200℃下热处理20min,即得到快速降解的石墨烯复合防水纸,其断裂强度189.3MPa,耐久性为71.5h(以底部含水率5%为失效点)。
Claims (2)
1.一种石墨烯复合防水纸的制备方法,包括:
(1)将氧化石墨烯分散于去离子水中,超声、细胞粉碎,得到氧化石墨烯分散液,所述氧化石墨烯分散液浓度为0.5~15 mg/mL,所述超声时间为1~5h,所述细胞粉碎时间为1~2h;
(2)采用电场极化让纸张表面带正电荷,然后将带正电荷的纸张平铺于步骤(1)中氧化石墨烯分散液表面,使得纸张一面完全浸渍,所述纸张为传统包装用纸,所述电场极化电压为直流5~30 kV,所述浸渍时间为1~30 min;
(3)将步骤(2)中浸渍后的纸张干燥,进行热处理,得到石墨烯复合防水纸,所述热处理温度为80~300 ℃,所述热处理时间为1~30 min,所述复合防水纸为纸张与还原氧化石墨烯的复合结构,其中还原氧化石墨烯外表层为还原氧化石墨烯层,还原氧化石墨烯与纸张接触的一侧为氧化石墨烯层,还原氧化石墨烯从与纸张接触的一侧到外表层呈现还原程度递增的梯度还原特征。
2.一种根据权利要求1所述的制备方法得到的复合防水纸在防水包装材料中的应用。
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