CN113229138B - Rapid and practical hybridization pollination emasculation device and method - Google Patents
Rapid and practical hybridization pollination emasculation device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113229138B CN113229138B CN202110590981.XA CN202110590981A CN113229138B CN 113229138 B CN113229138 B CN 113229138B CN 202110590981 A CN202110590981 A CN 202110590981A CN 113229138 B CN113229138 B CN 113229138B
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- 230000010152 pollination Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 238000009396 hybridization Methods 0.000 title claims description 12
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 99
- 210000003813 thumb Anatomy 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 26
- 235000017166 Bambusa arundinacea Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 235000017491 Bambusa tulda Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 241001330002 Bambuseae Species 0.000 description 4
- 235000015334 Phyllostachys viridis Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000011425 bamboo Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 240000007124 Brassica oleracea Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012797 qualification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000017260 vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000003899 Brassica oleracea var acephala Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011301 Brassica oleracea var capitata Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000001169 Brassica oleracea var oleracea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000002566 Capsicum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000008574 Capsicum frutescens Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001390 capsicum minimum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
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- Breeding Of Plants And Reproduction By Means Of Culturing (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a rapid and practical hybrid pollination emasculation device and method, comprising a first main body, wherein one end of the first main body is fixedly connected with a second main body, a cutting unit is arranged on the outer side wall of the first main body, and an auxiliary bracket is fixedly connected on the outer side wall of the second main body; the sections of the first main body and the second main body are respectively of C-shaped structures, and the first main body is communicated with the second main body; the cutting unit comprises a cutting channel arranged on the outer side wall of the first main body, a cutting body is connected in a sliding mode in the cutting channel, and a chute structure is arranged on the end face of the cutting channel. The invention can accurately, cleanly and thoroughly remove stamens, pollen and petals, so that pistils are exposed without damage, and the working efficiency can be obviously improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of hybridization, and particularly relates to a rapid and practical hybridization pollination emasculation device and method.
Background
At present, 95% of vegetable varieties are hybrid first-generation varieties, and in order to select and breed new varieties of hybrid first-generation varieties, vegetables such as cabbage mustard, cabbage, capsicum and the like are subjected to emasculation hybridization, namely stamens in a female parent are removed, pollen in a male parent is fed onto a column of the female parent, and as the flower buds of the vegetable crops are smaller, the stamens are more and surround the flower column, the process of manually removing the stamens of the female parent is very tedious, slow and slightly careless, the column is destroyed, and the whole hybridization work is influenced. In the current hybridization pollination process, artificial pollination is mainly carried out, a pair of tweezers is used as a tool, petals of flower buds are slowly peeled off, stamens are picked up, and the process is time-consuming and labor-consuming. A skilled pollinator can only complete emasculation of 2-4 buds in one minute, and a new auxiliary device for emasculation of crucifers is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a rapid and practical hybridization pollination emasculation device and method, which are used for solving the problems, and can accurately, cleanly and thoroughly remove stamens, pollen and petals, expose pistils without damage, finish emasculation work of 10-15 buds per minute and remarkably improve work efficiency.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions: the utility model provides a quick practical hybridization pollination emasculation device, includes first main part, the one end fixedly connected with second main part of first main part, be provided with cutting unit on the lateral wall of first main part, fixedly connected with auxiliary stand on the lateral wall of second main part;
the sections of the first main body and the second main body are respectively of C-shaped structures, and the first main body is communicated with the second main body;
the cutting unit comprises a cutting channel arranged on the outer side wall of the first main body, a cutting body is connected in a sliding manner in the cutting channel, and a chute structure is arranged on the end face of the cutting channel.
Preferably, the diameter of the first main body is larger than that of the second main body, and the connection parts of the first main body and the second main body are in transitional connection through a conical structure.
Preferably, the cutter body comprises a cutter barrel, one end of the cutter barrel is fixedly connected with a sliding column, a cutting opening is formed in one end, close to the sliding column, of the cutter barrel, a blade is detachably connected in the cutting opening, a plurality of clamping grooves are formed in the middle of the cutter barrel, and the sliding column is in sliding connection with the sliding groove structure.
Preferably, the chute structure comprises a double-slide block assembly and a second chute arranged on the end faces of two sides of the cutting channel, a first chute is arranged at one end, far away from the cutting channel, of the second chute, the slide column is in sliding connection with the first chute, the double-slide block assembly is respectively in sliding connection with the first chute and the second chute, and the clamping groove is in clamping connection with the double-slide block assembly.
Preferably, the double-slide block assembly comprises a slide block slidingly connected with the second slide groove, one end of the slide block, which is far away from the cutting channel, is fixedly connected with one end of a first slide rail, the first slide rail is slidingly connected with the first slide groove, and the slide block is clamped with the clamping groove.
Preferably, the circumference of the first sliding rail is larger than the circumference of the opening of the C-shaped structure.
A rapid and practical hybrid pollination emasculation method comprises the following steps:
step one: selecting a emasculation device with a proper inner diameter according to the size of the plant;
step two: the first main body is held by hand, the position lower than the flower receptacle is placed, and the inclined plant is straightened by an auxiliary bracket;
step three: after the plants are righted, the pedicel of the plants is lightly pressed in from the C-shaped structure opening of the first main body and the second main body by the thumb;
step four: slightly blocking the opening by using a thumb of a single hand, and then moving towards the direction of the receptacle to enable the receptacle to enter the first main body until the root of the petal is close to the cutting position;
step five: the cutting unit is operated by hand, so that the cutting unit touches the root of the petal;
step six: the manual operation cutting unit is used for cutting petals of the plant to different depths; until the cutting unit cannot be moved, enabling the first main body to rotate towards the cutting direction, and driving the cutting unit to cut off the rest part to be cut;
step seven: and removing the cut parts, namely petals and anthers, and finally reversely operating to remove the emasculation device.
The invention has the following technical effects: the first main body is used for supporting the flower receptacle and the parts above, the second main body is used for limiting the flower stalks of the plants, so that the plants can be stably fixed on one hand, the consistency of the cutting positions of the plants in the cutting process can be ensured on the other hand, and the qualification rate of emasculation can be effectively met; with the help of the auxiliary bracket, the C-shaped structure can straighten the skewed plants and is completely limited in the skewed plants, so that the next operation is convenient; according to different plant diameters, the cutting unit can select different cutting depths, and in the complete cutting process, the cutting depths can be kept consistent, and the cutting stability is ensured.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions of the prior art, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a front view of a emasculation apparatus according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view A-A of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view B-B of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a top view of the emasculation apparatus;
FIG. 5 is a front view of the cutter body;
FIG. 6 is a left side view of the cutter;
FIG. 7 is a top view of a dual slider assembly;
FIG. 8 is a left side view of the dual slider assembly;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of the auxiliary bracket structure;
the cutting machine comprises a first main body 1, a second main body 2, an auxiliary support 3, a cutting body 4, a slide column 401, a cutting opening 402, a blade 403, a clamping groove 404, a cutter barrel 405, a cutting channel 5, a first sliding groove 6, a second sliding groove 7, a first sliding rail 8, a sliding block 9 and a plant 10.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
In order that the above-recited objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more readily apparent, a more particular description of the invention will be rendered by reference to the appended drawings and appended detailed description.
Referring to fig. 1-9, the invention provides a rapid and practical hybrid pollination emasculation device, which comprises a first main body 1, wherein one end of the first main body 1 is fixedly connected with a second main body 2, a cutting unit is arranged on the outer side wall of the first main body 1, and an auxiliary bracket 3 is fixedly connected on the outer side wall of the second main body 2;
the sections of the first main body 1 and the second main body 2 are respectively of C-shaped structures, and the first main body 1 is communicated with the second main body 2. The first main body 1 is used for supporting the flower receptacle and the parts above, the second main body 2 is used for limiting the flower stalks of the plants 10, so that the plants 10 can be stably fixed on one hand, the consistency of the cutting positions of the plants 10 in the cutting process can be ensured on the other hand, and the qualification rate of emasculation can be effectively met; with the help of the auxiliary bracket 3, the C-shaped structure can straighten the skewed plant 10 and is completely limited in the skewed plant, so that the next operation is convenient; according to different plant 10 diameters, the cutting unit can select different cutting depths, and in the complete cutting process, the cutting depths can be kept consistent, and the cutting stability is ensured. The first main body 1 and the second main body 2 are respectively made of stainless steel materials, and the inner layer is smooth in inner surface after plastic dipping treatment, so that the plants 10 can not be damaged when contacting the first main body 1 and the second main body 2, and the plants 10 can smoothly slide in the first main body 1 and the second main body 2. The auxiliary bracket 3 is made of the same material as the inner layers of the first main body 1 and the second main body 2, and adopts PA6 respectively.
The cutting unit comprises a cutting channel 5 arranged on the outer side wall of the first main body 1, a cutting body 4 is connected in a sliding manner in the cutting channel 5, and a chute structure is arranged on the end face of the cutting channel 5. The cutting body 4 slides in the cutting channel 5, so that the cutting body 4 can keep the same cutting depth and the same cutting plane in the whole cutting process; is more beneficial to the operation of users.
According to a further optimization scheme, the diameter of the first main body 1 is larger than that of the second main body 2, and the connection parts of the first main body 1 and the second main body 2 are in transitional connection through a conical structure.
Further optimizing scheme, cutting body 4 includes a cutter section of thick bamboo 405, and cutter section of thick bamboo 405 one end fixedly connected with slide column 401, and cutter section of thick bamboo 405 has seted up cutting opening 402 near the one end of slide column 401, and detachable the being connected with blade 403 in the cutting opening 402, a plurality of draw-in grooves 404 have been seted up at cutter section of thick bamboo 405 middle part, slide column 401 and spout structure sliding connection. The different positions of the clamping grooves 404 represent different cutting depths, and the cutting depths can be flexibly selected under the condition that the diameter of the plants 10 is not greatly different.
Further optimizing scheme, the spout structure includes two slider assemblies, sets up the second spout 7 on cutting passageway 5 both sides terminal surface, and first spout 6 has been seted up to the one end that cutting passageway 5 was kept away from to second spout 7, and slide column 401 and first spout 6 sliding connection, two slider assemblies respectively with first spout 6, second spout 7 sliding connection, draw-in groove 404 and two slider assembly joint.
Further optimizing scheme, two slider assemblies include with second spout 7 sliding connection's slider 9, the one end of the one end fixedly connected with first slide rail 8 of cutting passageway 5 is kept away from to slider 9, first slide rail 8 and first spout 6 sliding connection, slider 9 and draw-in groove 404 joint. After the sliding block 9 is clamped with a certain clamping groove 404, the cutter cylinder 405 can stably move in the cutting channel 5, so that the unified and stable cutting process is ensured.
According to the further optimization scheme, the circumference of the first sliding rail 8 is larger than that of the opening of the C-shaped structure. The first slide rail 8 slides in the first slide groove 6, and can also support the cutter cylinder 405 to continue the circumferential cutting action when the cutter cylinder 405 moves to the end of the cutting channel 5.
In a further preferred embodiment, the cutter cylinder 405 is a steel cutter cylinder, the cylinder length is 8cm, the diameter is 0.3cm, and the diameter can be changed according to the flower bud sizes of different vegetable species.
The timing of emasculation is selected in the season close to flowering, the timing is too late, pollen is easy to mature, the timing is too early, and the pistil is easy to develop incompletely after pollination; it is recommended that emasculation be completed within days prior to flowering; bagging is carried out immediately after emasculation is completed, so that the influence of environment and pollen is avoided before pollination; the bag is removed when pollination is about to be performed, and the bag is sleeved immediately after pollination is completed, so that the interference of other pollens after pollination is avoided.
A rapid and practical hybrid pollination emasculation method comprises the following steps:
step one: selecting a emasculation device with a proper inner diameter according to the size of the plant 10;
step two: the first main body 1 is held by one hand, placed at a position lower than the flower receptacle, and the inclined plant 10 is righted by the auxiliary bracket 3;
step three: after the plant 10 is righted, the pedicel of the plant 10 is lightly pressed in from the C-shaped structure opening of the first main body 1 and the second main body 2 by using the thumb of one hand;
step four: slightly blocking the opening by using a thumb of one hand, and then moving towards the direction of the receptacle to enable the receptacle to enter the first main body 1 until the root parts of the petals are close to the cutting position;
step five: the cutter body 4 is rotated by one hand until the blade 403 touches the root of the petal;
step six: the sliding block 9 is clamped into the clamping groove 404 by one hand, a proper clamping groove 404 is selected according to the cutting depth, and the clamping grooves 404 at different positions correspond to different cutting depths; then one end of the cutting body 4 is lightly held by one hand, so that the cutting body 4 can rotationally cut petals of the plant 10; until the cutting body 4 cannot move, keeping the action of the light-pressure cutting body 4 still, so that the first main body 1 rotates in the cutting direction to drive the cutting body 4 to cut off the rest part to be cut;
step seven: and removing the cut parts, namely petals and anthers, and finally reversely operating to remove the emasculation device.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "longitudinal," "transverse," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," and the like indicate or are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, merely to facilitate description of the present invention, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
The above embodiments are only illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements made by those skilled in the art to the technical solutions of the present invention should fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present invention without departing from the design spirit of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. Quick practical hybridization pollination emasculation device, its characterized in that: the cutting device comprises a first main body (1), wherein one end of the first main body (1) is fixedly connected with a second main body (2), a cutting unit is arranged on the outer side wall of the first main body (1), and an auxiliary bracket (3) is fixedly connected on the outer side wall of the second main body (2);
the sections of the first main body (1) and the second main body (2) are respectively of C-shaped structures, and the first main body (1) is communicated with the second main body (2); the first main body (1) is used for supporting a flower receptacle and the parts above, the second main body (2) is used for limiting the flower stalks of the plants (10), so that the plants (10) can be stably fixed on one hand, the consistency of cutting positions of the plants (10) in the cutting process can be ensured on the other hand, and the skewed plants (10) can be righted by the C-shaped structure with the aid of the auxiliary support (3);
the cutting unit comprises a cutting channel (5) arranged on the outer side wall of the first main body (1), a cutting body (4) is connected in a sliding manner in the cutting channel (5), and a chute structure is arranged on the end face of the cutting channel (5);
the cutting body (4) comprises a cutter barrel (405), one end of the cutter barrel (405) is fixedly connected with a slide column (401), one end, close to the slide column (401), of the cutter barrel (405) is provided with a cutting opening (402), a blade (403) is detachably connected in the cutting opening (402), the middle part of the cutter barrel (405) is provided with a plurality of clamping grooves (404), and the slide column (401) is in sliding connection with the chute structure;
the sliding groove structure comprises a double sliding block assembly and second sliding grooves (7) formed in two side end faces of the cutting channel (5), a first sliding groove (6) is formed in one end, far away from the cutting channel (5), of each second sliding groove (7), the sliding column (401) is in sliding connection with the first sliding groove (6), the double sliding block assembly is respectively in sliding connection with the first sliding groove (6) and the second sliding groove (7), and the clamping groove (404) is in clamping connection with the double sliding block assembly;
the double-slide block assembly comprises a slide block (9) which is in sliding connection with the second slide groove (7), one end, away from the cutting channel (5), of the slide block (9) is fixedly connected with one end of a first slide rail (8), the first slide rail (8) is in sliding connection with the first slide groove (6), and the slide block (9) is in clamping connection with the clamping groove (404).
2. A rapid and practical hybridization pollination emasculation device according to claim 1, wherein: the diameter of the first main body (1) is larger than that of the second main body (2), and the connection parts of the first main body (1) and the second main body (2) are in transitional connection through a conical structure.
3. A rapid and practical hybridization pollination emasculation device according to claim 1, wherein: the circumference of the first sliding rail (8) is larger than that of the opening of the C-shaped structure.
4. A rapid and practical hybrid pollination emasculation method is characterized in that: use of the device of claims 1-3, comprising the steps of:
step one: selecting a emasculation device with a proper inner diameter according to the size of the plant (10);
step two: the first main body (1) is held by hand, the position lower than the flower receptacle is placed, and the inclined plant (10) is straightened by the auxiliary bracket (3);
step three: after the plant (10) is righted, the pedicel of the plant (10) is lightly pressed in from the C-shaped structure opening of the first main body (1) and the second main body (2) by the thumb;
step four: slightly blocking the opening by using a thumb of one hand, and then moving towards the direction of the receptacle to enable the receptacle to enter the first main body (1) until the root parts of the petals are close to the cutting position;
step five: the cutting unit is operated by hand, so that the cutting unit touches the root of the petal;
step six: the manual operation cutting unit is used for cutting petals of the plant (10) at different depths; until the cutting unit cannot be moved, enabling the first main body (1) to rotate towards the cutting direction, and driving the cutting unit to cut off the rest part to be cut;
step seven: and removing the cut parts, namely petals and anthers, and finally reversely operating to remove the emasculation device.
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CN115119742B (en) * | 2022-07-13 | 2023-04-25 | 广西壮族自治区亚热带作物研究所(广西亚热带农产品加工研究所) | Artificial emasculation pollinator for crossbreeding |
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