CN113229024B - Avicennia marina seedling culture method - Google Patents

Avicennia marina seedling culture method Download PDF

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CN113229024B
CN113229024B CN202110576059.5A CN202110576059A CN113229024B CN 113229024 B CN113229024 B CN 113229024B CN 202110576059 A CN202110576059 A CN 202110576059A CN 113229024 B CN113229024 B CN 113229024B
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seeds
avicennia marina
seed
protective agent
seedlings
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CN113229024A (en
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蔡仁飞
黄文明
周浮忠
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Hainan Sanyou Marine Technology Co ltd
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G17/00Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
    • A01G17/005Cultivation methods
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01CPLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C1/00Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01CPLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C1/00Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
    • A01C1/06Coating or dressing seed
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01CPLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C1/00Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
    • A01C1/08Immunising seed
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/22Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/40Afforestation or reforestation

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a method for raising seedlings of avicennia marina, which comprises the following steps: (1) selecting avicennia marina seeds in a mature period, soaking the avicennia marina seeds in water, then soaking the avicennia marina seeds in 600 times of a 400-fold liquid of 3-5 wt% of celastrus angulatus wettable powder for 3-5 min, and filtering to dry; (2) taking the seeds treated in the step (1), and adding a seed protective agent, wherein the seed protective agent is prepared from the following components in parts by mass: 0.3-0.4: 1, preparing; the seeds are mixed with a seed protective agent and then sown; (3) spraying equal amount type Bordeaux mixture 800-1000 times liquid in cloudy days or rainy days during seed germination; (4) and harvesting the seedlings when the Avicennia marina seedlings grow to more than 50 cm. By adopting the seedling raising method, the outplanting rate of the avicennia marina healthy seedlings is improved, the seedling quality is improved, the disease resistance of the avicennia marina is improved, the forestation quality of the avicennia marina is obviously improved, and the method is more friendly to ecological environment.

Description

Avicennia marina seedling culture method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of avicennia marina, in particular to an avicennia marina seedling raising method.
Background
Avicennia marina, latin name: avicennia marina (Forsk.) Vierh, also known as a sea olive female. Verbenaceae Aricennia. Shrubs or small trees with the height of 2-3m and the maximum height of more than 8 m. The branches have raised stripes, small branches are square, leaves are nearly stalk-free, leathery, oval to inverted oval, elliptical, blunt-rounded top, wedge-shaped base, hairless surface and luster, thin and short hair is on the back, main pulse is obvious, the parasol inflorescence is compact in head shape, flowers are small, the diameter is about 5 mm, fruits are nearly spherical, the diameter is about 1.5 cm, and hairs are present. The flower and fruit period is 7-10 months. Avicennia marina is distributed from eastern africa to india, malaysia, australia, new zealand and china. In china, it is distributed in fujian, taiwan, guangdong and hainan. Is an important mangrove plant. The avicennia marina seeds are rich in starch, so that the avicennia marina seeds can easily become delicious food for mice and crabs during sowing. The main pests of the avicennia marina seedling culture comprise leaf rollers and borer moth larvae, the harmful parts are leaves of the avicennia marina seedling culture, the avicennia marina seedling culture is generally prevented and treated by spraying broad-spectrum insecticides in the prior art, but the avicennia marina seedling culture has certain drug resistance, large using amount of the insecticides, certain toxicity and is not environment-friendly. In addition, during the seedling raising process, the Avicennia marina cotyledons or the base of the seedlings are susceptible to fungus and rot, so that the seedlings die. The above-mentioned plant diseases and insect pests are not favorable for raising seedling of avicennia marina, and can seriously affect the seedling rate of avicennia marina. CN103141262A discloses a seedling raising method of mangrove avicennia marina, which mainly overcomes the problem of seed decay, improves the survival rate of seedling raising, and cannot overcome the problems. Therefore, a method for cultivating seedlings of avicennia marina is urgently needed, and the technical problem in the process of cultivating seedlings of avicennia marina can be overcome.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a method for raising seedlings of avicennia marina, which solves the above problems.
The technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
a avicennia marina seedling raising method comprises the following steps: (1) selecting avicennia marina seeds in a mature period, soaking the avicennia marina seeds in water, then soaking the avicennia marina seeds in 600 times of a 400-fold liquid of 3-5 wt% of celastrus angulatus wettable powder for 3-5 min, and filtering to dry; wherein, the 400-fold 600-fold liquid of the 3-5 wt% celastrus angulatus wettable powder is prepared by adding water with the weight of 600-fold 400-fold into the celastrus angulatus wettable powder with the mass fraction of 3-5% before use for dilution; by adopting the method to pretreat the avicennia marina seeds, the disease resistance of the seeds is effectively improved, and the quality of later-stage seedlings is improved.
(2) Taking the seeds treated in the step (1), and adding a seed protective agent, wherein the seed protective agent is prepared from the following components in parts by mass: 0.3-0.4: 1, preparing; the seeds are mixed with a seed protective agent and then sown; the seed protective agent prepared from the tangerine seed extract, the limonin and the sodium tetraborate not only has better protection on seeds, but also obviously improves the seedling quality.
(3) Spraying the equivalent Bordeaux 800-plus 1000-time liquid in a cloudy day or a rainy day during seed germination, wherein the equivalent Bordeaux 800-plus 1000-time liquid adopts the equivalent Bordeaux, namely the copper sulfate and the quicklime in the Bordeaux are equal in mass, and the 800-plus 1000-time water is added for dilution before use; the Bordeaux mixture is a protective bactericide, not only has low cost, but also can sterilize and avoid damaging seeds, and preferably the equivalent Bordeaux mixture with the spray concentration can avoid infecting germs in rainy days and effectively resist the adverse effect of germination of the seeds in rainy days.
(4) And harvesting the seedlings when the Avicennia marina seedlings grow to more than 50 cm.
Further, in the step (1), the detailed operation of soaking the avicennia marina seeds in water is as follows: soaking the avicennia marina seeds in water every 5-6 hours for 1-2 hours for 5-7 days continuously.
Further, in the step (2), the usage amount of the seed protective agent is 3.7-5.0% of the seed mass.
Further, in the step (2), the preparation method of the seed protective agent comprises the following steps: pulverizing semen Citri Tangerinae, sieving, adding ethanol solution, and reflux extracting to obtain semen Citri Tangerinae extract; mixing the green orange seed extract with limonin, and finally adding sodium tetraborate for mixing to prepare the seed protective agent.
Further, in the step (2), the preparation method of the cumquat seed extract comprises the following steps: taking the green orange seeds, grinding the green orange seeds into powder, sieving the powder by a sieve of 60 to 100 meshes, adding 70 to 95 percent ethanol solution which is 5 to 8 times of the mass of the green orange seeds in volume percent, carrying out reflux extraction for more than 2 times, combining extracting solutions, recovering ethanol and concentrating to obtain the green orange seed extract.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) by adopting the seedling raising method, the number of healthy seedlings is obviously increased, and the outplanting rate of the seedlings is increased. Specifically, by adopting the seedling raising method, the avicennia marina seeds can be prevented from being eaten by mice and crabs after being sown, the cotyledon or the base part of the avicennia marina seedlings can be effectively prevented from being infected by fungi in the seedling raising process, the damage to the leaves by leaf rollers and the larvae of the family borer can be greatly reduced, and the outplanting rate of healthy seedlings can be greatly improved. Meanwhile, by adopting the seedling raising method, the incidence of black-stem diseases and the incidence of gray leaf spot diseases are obviously reduced, and the healthy survival rate after one year of afforestation is obviously improved. In conclusion, the seedling raising method disclosed by the invention not only improves the outplanting rate of healthy seedlings, but also improves the seedling quality, improves the disease resistance of avicennia marina and obviously improves the quality of avicennia marina forestation.
(2) By adopting the seedling raising method, the use of traditional toxic agents can be effectively avoided, the problems of large drug resistance and large using amount of the traditional agents are solved on the basis of obtaining a good seedling raising effect, and the seedling raising method is more friendly to the ecological environment.
Detailed Description
In order to better understand the technical content of the invention, specific examples are provided below to further illustrate the invention.
The experimental methods used in the examples of the present invention are all conventional methods unless otherwise specified.
The materials, reagents and the like used in the examples of the present invention can be obtained commercially without specific description.
The celastrus angulatus wettable powder used by the invention is prepared by carrying out methanol reflux extraction on celastrus angulatus fruits to prepare celastrus angulatus wettable powder with the mass fraction of 4%.
Example 1
(1) Selecting avicennia marina seeds in a mature period, soaking the avicennia marina seeds in water every 5.5 hours for 1.5 hours for each time, continuously soaking for 6 days, then soaking in 500 times of solution of 4 wt% of celastrus angulatus wettable powder for 4min, and draining;
(2) taking small green orange seeds, grinding the small green orange seeds into powder, sieving the powder by a sieve of 80 meshes, adding ethanol solution with volume fraction of 80 percent of the mass of the green orange seeds of 6 times to perform reflux extraction for more than 2 times, combining the extracting solutions, recovering ethanol and concentrating to obtain a green orange seed extract; according to the mass ratio of 0.68: 0.32: 1, respectively taking the green orange seed extract, limonin and sodium tetraborate, mixing the green orange seed extract and the limonin, and finally adding the sodium tetraborate for mixing to prepare a seed protective agent; taking the seeds treated in the step (1), adding a seed protective agent accounting for 4.3% of the mass of the seeds, uniformly mixing the seeds and the seed protective agent, and then sowing;
(3) during the germination period of the seeds, in cloudy days or rainy days, 900 times of the equivalent Bordeaux mixture is sprayed;
(4) and when the Avicennia marina seedlings grow to 50cm and the base diameter is about 0.6cm, harvesting the healthy seedlings.
Example 2
(1) Selecting avicennia marina seeds in a mature period, soaking the avicennia marina seeds in water every 5 hours for 1 hour every time, continuously soaking for 7 days, then soaking in 400 times of a 4% wt celastrus angulatus wettable powder for 3min, and draining;
(2) taking small green orange seeds, grinding the small green orange seeds into powder, sieving the powder by a sieve of 80 meshes, adding ethanol solution with volume fraction of 95 percent of 5 times of the mass of the green orange seeds, carrying out reflux extraction for more than 2 times, combining extracting solutions, recovering ethanol and concentrating to obtain a green orange seed extract; according to the mass ratio of 0.6: 0.4: 1, respectively taking the green orange seed extract, limonin and sodium tetraborate, mixing the green orange seed extract and the limonin, and finally adding the sodium tetraborate for mixing to prepare a seed protective agent; taking the seeds treated in the step (1), adding a seed protective agent with the mass of 3.7% of that of the seeds, uniformly mixing the seeds and the seed protective agent, and then sowing;
(3) during the germination period of the seeds, in cloudy days or rainy days, 800 times of the equivalent Bordeaux mixture is sprayed;
(4) and when the avicennia marina seedlings grow to 50cm and the base diameter is about 0.6cm, harvesting healthy seedlings.
Example 3
(1) Selecting avicennia marina seeds in a mature period, soaking the avicennia marina seeds in water every 6 hours for 2 hours each time for 5 days continuously, then soaking the avicennia marina seeds in 600 times of 4 wt% celastrus angulatus wettable powder for 5min, and draining;
(2) taking small green orange seeds, grinding the small green orange seeds into powder, sieving the powder by a sieve with 80 meshes, adding 70 percent ethanol solution with volume fraction of 8 times of the mass of the green orange seeds, performing reflux extraction for more than 2 times, combining extracting solutions, recovering ethanol and concentrating to obtain a green orange seed extract; according to the mass ratio of 0.7: 0.3: 1, respectively taking the green orange seed extract, limonin and sodium tetraborate, mixing the green orange seed extract and the limonin, and finally adding the sodium tetraborate for mixing to prepare a seed protective agent; taking the seeds treated in the step (1), adding a seed protective agent accounting for 5.0% of the mass of the seeds, uniformly mixing the seeds and the seed protective agent, and then sowing;
(3) during the germination period of the seeds, spraying 1000 times of the equivalent Bordeaux mixture in cloudy days or rainy days;
(4) and when the Avicennia marina seedlings grow to 50cm and the base diameter is about 0.6cm, harvesting the healthy seedlings.
Comparative example 1
The method is mainly different from the example 1 in that the dilution multiple of 4 wt% of celastrus angulatus wettable powder is lower, and the method comprises the following steps (1): selecting the avicennia marina seeds in the mature period, soaking the avicennia marina seeds in water for 1.5h every time after every 5.5h, continuously soaking for 6 days, then soaking in 200 times of 4 wt% of celastrus angulatus wettable powder for 4min, and draining.
Comparative example 2
The main difference from the example 1 is that the limonin in the raw material formula of the seed protective agent is replaced by the same amount of the tangerine seed extract. Namely, the seed protective agent is prepared from the following components in a mass ratio of 1: 1 respectively taking the extract of the seeds of the green oranges and sodium tetraborate.
Comparative example 3
The main difference from the example 1 is that the tangerine seed extract is replaced by the lemon seed extract in the raw material formula of the seed protectant. Step (2): taking lemon seeds, grinding the lemon seeds into powder, sieving the powder by a sieve of 80 meshes, adding ethanol solution with volume fraction of 80 percent of the mass of the lemon seeds of 6 times to perform reflux extraction for more than 2 times, combining extracting solutions, recovering ethanol and concentrating to obtain a lemon seed extract; according to the mass ratio of 0.68: 0.32: 1, respectively taking lemon seed extract, limonin and sodium tetraborate, mixing the lemon seed extract and the limonin, and finally adding the sodium tetraborate for mixing to prepare the seed protective agent.
Comparative example 4
The main difference from the example 1 is that the formula of the raw materials of the seed protective agent adopts the raw materials with the same quantity: according to the mass ratio of 1: 1: 1 respectively taking the extract of the kumquat seed, the limonin and the sodium tetraborate.
In 2019, in the test area of Meilan district, Haikou City, Hainan province, Avena marina was planted by using the methods of examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1-4, and test groups 1-7 were performed in sequence, each test group using 100 seeds. And (4) outplanting standard: healthy seedlings (without insect pest and silkworm feed) with the avicennia marina seedlings growing to 50cm and the base diameter of about 0.6cm are recorded, the outplanting number of each group of avicennia marina seedlings is recorded, the outplanting rate is counted, and the result is shown in table 1. The healthy survival of the avicennia marina and the incidence of black-stem disease and gray spot disease after one year of forestation of the healthy seedlings of examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 4 were tracked and recorded, and the healthy survival rate, the incidence of black-stem disease and the incidence of gray spot disease were counted, and the results are shown in table 2.
The outplanting rate (%) is the outplanting plant number of the avicennia marina seedlings/the number of the avicennia marina seeds is multiplied by 100 percent
The healthy survival rate (%) is equal to the number of healthy survival plants/afforestation seedlings of the avicennia marina after one year of afforestation multiplied by 100 percent
The incidence rate (%) of the black stem disease is equal to the incidence plant/afforestation seedling number of the avicennia marina black stem disease multiplied by 100 percent
The disease rate of the gray spot is equal to the number of the disease plants of the gray spot of the avicennia marina/afforestation seedlings multiplied by 100 percent
TABLE 1 Aricennia marina offspring outplanting situation
Group of Seed number (grains) Quantity (plant) for outplanting Percentage of outplanting (%)
Example 1 100 99 99
Example 2 100 96 96
Example 3 100 93 93
Comparative example 1 100 84 84
Comparative example 2 100 72 72
Comparative example 3 100 75 75
Comparative example 4 100 78 78
The results show that the seedling raising method of the embodiment 1-3 of the invention can obviously improve the number of healthy seedlings and the outplanting rate. By adopting the seedling raising method, the avicennia marina seeds can be prevented from being eaten by mice and crabs after being sown, the infection of cotyledons or seedling bases of the avicennia marina seeds by fungi in the seedling raising process can be effectively avoided, the damage of leafminer and stem borer larvae to the leaves can be greatly reduced, and the outplanting rate of healthy seedlings is greatly improved.
TABLE 2 healthy survival of Avicennia marina and onset of black-stem disease, gray leaf spot after one year of afforestation
Figure BDA0003084395500000061
The results show that the seedling raising method provided by the embodiment 1-3 of the invention can obviously reduce the incidence rate of black-stem diseases and the incidence rate of gray leaf spot diseases, and can obviously improve the healthy survival rate after one year of afforestation. By adopting the seedling raising method, the outplanting rate of healthy seedlings is improved, the seedling quality of the healthy seedlings is improved, the disease resistance of the avicennia marina is improved, and the afforestation quality of the avicennia marina is obviously improved.
Compared with the embodiment, the comparative example 1 shows that the method for pretreating avicennia marina seeds effectively improves the disease resistance of the seeds and improves the quality of later-stage seedlings. Comparing comparative examples 2-4 with example 1, it can be seen that the seed protective agent prepared from the cumquat seed extract, limonin and sodium tetraborate according to the present invention not only provides better protection for seeds, but also significantly improves the quality of seedlings.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims (3)

1. The avicennia marina seedling raising method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) selecting avicennia marina seeds in a mature period, soaking the avicennia marina seeds in water, then soaking the avicennia marina seeds in 600 times of a 400-fold liquid of 3-5 wt% of celastrus angulatus wettable powder for 3-5 min, and filtering to dry;
(2) taking the seeds treated in the step (1), and adding a seed protective agent, wherein the seed protective agent is prepared from a kumquat seed extract, limonin and sodium tetraborate in a mass ratio of 0.6-0.7: 0.3-0.4: 1, preparing; the seeds are mixed with a seed protective agent and then sown;
(3) spraying equal amount type Bordeaux mixture 800-1000 times liquid in cloudy days or rainy days during seed germination;
(4) when the avicennia marina seedlings grow to be more than 50cm, harvesting the seedlings;
in the step (2), the preparation method of the seed protective agent comprises the following steps: taking the green orange seeds, grinding the green orange seeds into powder, sieving the powder by a sieve of 60-100 meshes, adding 70-95% ethanol solution with volume fraction of 5-8 times of the mass of the green orange seeds, carrying out reflux extraction for more than 2 times, combining extracting solutions, recovering ethanol, and concentrating to obtain a green orange seed extract; mixing the cumquat seed extract with limonin, and finally adding sodium tetraborate for mixing to prepare the seed protective agent.
2. The avicennia marina seedling raising method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the specific operation of immersing avicennia marina seeds in water is as follows: soaking the avicennia marina seeds in water every 5-6 hours for 1-2 hours for 5-7 days continuously.
3. The avicennia marina seedling raising method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the usage amount of the seed protective agent is 3.7-5.0% of the seed mass.
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Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102919035A (en) * 2012-11-19 2013-02-13 罗家豪 Industrialized cultivation method of sweet-scented osmanthus nursery stock

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102919035A (en) * 2012-11-19 2013-02-13 罗家豪 Industrialized cultivation method of sweet-scented osmanthus nursery stock

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