CN113218571A - Residual stress standard test block setting and tracing method - Google Patents
Residual stress standard test block setting and tracing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113218571A CN113218571A CN202011152574.2A CN202011152574A CN113218571A CN 113218571 A CN113218571 A CN 113218571A CN 202011152574 A CN202011152574 A CN 202011152574A CN 113218571 A CN113218571 A CN 113218571A
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- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L25/00—Testing or calibrating of apparatus for measuring force, torque, work, mechanical power, or mechanical efficiency
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Abstract
The invention discloses a residual stress standard test block setting value and tracing method, and belongs to the technical field of residual stress calibration. The calibrated X-ray diffraction method residual stress test equipment is used as a transmission standard, and the test block in loading is used for calibrating the X-ray diffraction method residual stress test equipment with higher measurement precision at first, so that the test equipment can be ensured to be capable of setting a value for the unloaded test block; the standard test block prepared by the method adopts a constant-temperature storage mode to store the constant-value stress standard test block, can obtain the standard test block with any residual stress value by adjusting the loading force value, meets the use requirements of different occasions, and realizes the full-scale calibration of the residual stress testing equipment. The standard test block value can be traced to the laboratory force value standard and the length standard, and the tracing is reliable. The standard test block prepared by the invention is convenient to carry, and can calibrate various residual stress test devices at any time, thereby realizing accurate measurement of the residual stress.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a residual stress standard test block setting and tracing method, and belongs to the technical field of residual stress calibration.
Background
The residual stress is self-balanced internal stress still left in an object after the action of external force or uneven temperature field and the like is eliminated, the residual stress has obvious influence on the mechanical property of the component, the component is warped or distorted and deformed or even cracked, the fatigue resistance, the stress corrosion resistance and the like of the material are reduced, the component cannot be assembled, the service time is reduced or even serious accidents are caused, and the like. At present, residual stress testing methods are mainly divided into two categories, namely a destructive testing method and a nondestructive testing method, wherein a typical method of the destructive testing method is a blind hole method, the nondestructive testing method mainly comprises an X-ray diffraction method, an ultrasonic method, a neutron diffraction method and the like, a relatively perfect method is not provided for calibrating residual stress testing equipment, a standard test block can be used as a method for calibrating the residual stress testing equipment, in order to ensure the accuracy and reliability of a calibration result, reasonable setting of a standard test block is required, and the standard stress value of the test block can be traced to the existing laboratory standard device.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a residual stress standard test block valuing and tracing method which can trace to a laboratory force value standard and a laboratory length standard.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the invention discloses a residual stress standard test block valuing and tracing method, which utilizes calibrated X-ray diffraction method residual stress test equipment as a transmission standard, wherein the transmission standard is a test block valuing, namely the X-ray diffraction method residual stress test equipment is a valuated stress standard test block, and the valuated stress standard test block is used for calibrating and tracing the residual stress test equipment.
The invention discloses a residual stress standard test block value-fixing method, which is characterized in that a test block with specified size and structure in national standard is subjected to stress relief by a method of combining vibration, aging and heat treatment to prepare a stress-free standard test block; loading an unstressed standard test block by using a standard tension and compression testing machine, measuring the sectional area of the test block in loading, and calculating the stress value of the test block in loading at the moment through the numerical value of the tension and compression testing machine and the sectional area of the test block; measuring the stress value of the test block in loading by utilizing X-ray diffraction method residual stress test equipment, and finishing the calibration of the X-ray diffraction method residual stress test equipment by comparing the stress value with the stress value obtained by calculation; and taking the calibrated X-ray diffraction method residual stress test equipment as a standard, and setting a value of the test block which is unloaded and stands for enough time to obtain standard test blocks with different stress values.
The invention discloses a residual stress standard test block traceability method, which is characterized in that a standard test block residual stress value is traced to calibrated X-ray diffraction method residual stress test equipment, the X-ray diffraction method residual stress test equipment magnitude value is traced to a test block loaded by a standard tensile and compressive testing machine, the standard tensile and compressive testing machine and an area standard are traced, and finally the laboratory force value standard and a geometric quantity standard are traced.
Preferably, the calibrated X-ray diffraction method residual stress test equipment is used as a standard to measure the stress value of the test block which is unloaded and then stands for 10 days, and the stress value is used as the standard stress value of the test block.
In order to ensure that the stress value of the constant-value stress standard test block cannot change, the constant-value stress standard test block is stored in a constant-temperature storage mode as preferable, and the standard test block is used for realizing calibration of other residual stress nondestructive testing equipment.
Has the advantages that:
1. the invention discloses a residual stress standard test block valuing and tracing method, which utilizes calibrated X-ray diffraction method residual stress test equipment as a transmission standard, uses a loaded test block to calibrate the X-ray diffraction method residual stress test equipment with higher measurement precision at first, and ensures that the test equipment can valuate the unloaded test block; the standard test block prepared by the method can obtain the standard test block with any residual stress value by adjusting the loading force value, meets the use requirements of different occasions, and realizes the full-scale calibration of the residual stress test equipment.
2. The invention discloses a residual stress standard test block setting and tracing method, which is characterized in that a standard test block residual stress value is traced to calibrated X-ray diffraction method residual stress test equipment, the X-ray diffraction method residual stress test equipment magnitude value is traced to a test block loaded by a standard tensile and compressive testing machine, the standard tensile and compressive testing machine and an area standard are traced, and finally the laboratory force value standard and a geometric quantity standard are traced. The standard test block value can be traced to the laboratory force value standard and the length standard, and the tracing is reliable.
3. According to the method for setting the value and tracing the source of the residual stress standard test block, the prepared standard test block is convenient to carry, and various residual stress test devices can be calibrated at any time.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a residual stress standard test block setting and tracing method disclosed in the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a tracing graph of the magnitude of the standard test block of residual stress.
Detailed Description
For a better understanding of the objects and advantages of the present invention, reference should be made to the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and examples.
Example 1:
the embodiment discloses a residual stress standard test block valuing and tracing method, wherein a valuing flow is shown in fig. 1, a standard valuing stress test block can be traced to a laboratory force value standard and a length standard, calibrated X-ray diffraction method residual stress test equipment is used as a transmission standard to valuate the test block, and the valuing stress standard test block is used for calibrating residual stress detection equipment.
The embodiment discloses a residual stress standard test block value setting method, which comprises the following steps: firstly, stress relief is carried out on a test block with a specified size and structure in the national standard by using a method of combining vibration, aging and heat treatment, and a stress-free standard test block is obtained. Loading the stress-free standard test block by using a standard tension and compression testing machine to obtain a loaded test block, measuring the external dimension of the loaded test block by using the length standard device, and calculating the stress value of the loaded test block by using the tension pressure value F of the standard tension and compression testing machine and the sectional area dimension s of the loaded test block:
measuring the stress value sigma of the test block in loading by using X-ray diffraction method residual stress test equipment1Comparing the output value sigma of the X-ray diffraction method residual stress testing equipment1And completing the calibration of the X-ray diffraction method residual stress testing equipment with the calculated stress value sigma. And taking the X-ray diffraction method residual stress test equipment as a transmission standard for the fixed value of a subsequent test block.
And loading the stress-free standard test block on the standard tension-compression testing machine, unloading after keeping for a period of time to obtain an unloaded test block, and standing the unloaded test block for 10 days to balance the stress value.
And measuring the residual stress value sigma 'of the test block after the test block is stood for 10 days by using the X-ray diffraction method residual stress test equipment, and taking the stress value sigma' as a standard value of the test block to finish the fixed value of the standard test block. And storing the standard test block with the fixed value at constant temperature to ensure that the stress value of the standard test block cannot be changed.
The embodiment discloses a residual stress standard test block setting and tracing method, wherein a quantity value tracing graph of a standard test block is shown in fig. 2, the residual stress value of the standard test block is traced to calibrated X-ray diffraction method residual stress test equipment, the quantity value of the X-ray diffraction method residual stress test equipment is traced to a test block loaded by a standard tensile and compressive testing machine, the test block is traced to the standard tensile and compressive testing machine and an area standard, and finally the test block is traced to a laboratory force value standard and a geometric quantity standard.
The above detailed description is intended to illustrate the objects, aspects and advantages of the present invention, and it should be understood that the above detailed description is only exemplary of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A residual stress standard test block setting and tracing method is characterized in that: the calibrated X-ray diffraction method residual stress test equipment is used as a transmission standard, the transmission standard is a test block fixed value, namely the X-ray diffraction method residual stress test equipment is a fixed value stress standard test block, and the fixed value stress standard test block is used for calibrating and tracing the residual stress detection equipment.
2. A residual stress standard test block valuing method is characterized in that: stress relief is carried out on the test block with the specified size and structure in the national standard by a method of combining vibration, aging and heat treatment, and a stress-free standard test block is prepared; loading an unstressed standard test block by using a standard tension and compression testing machine, measuring the sectional area of the test block in loading, and calculating the stress value of the test block in loading at the moment through the numerical value of the tension and compression testing machine and the sectional area of the test block; measuring the stress value of the test block in loading by utilizing X-ray diffraction method residual stress test equipment, and finishing the calibration of the X-ray diffraction method residual stress test equipment by comparing the stress value with the stress value obtained by calculation; and taking the calibrated X-ray diffraction method residual stress test equipment as a standard, and setting a value of the test block which is unloaded and stands for enough time to obtain standard test blocks with different stress values.
3. A tracing method for a residual stress standard test block is characterized by comprising the following steps: and tracing the residual stress value of the standard test block to calibrated X-ray diffraction method residual stress test equipment, tracing the value of the X-ray diffraction method residual stress test equipment to the test block loaded by the standard tensile and compression testing machine, tracing to the standard tensile and compression testing machine and the area standard, and finally tracing to the laboratory force value standard and the geometric quantity standard.
4. A method as claimed in claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized by: and taking the calibrated X-ray diffraction method residual stress test equipment as a standard to measure the stress value of the test block which is unloaded and then stands for 10 days, and taking the stress value as the standard stress value of the test block.
5. A method as claimed in claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized by: and (3) storing a constant-value stress standard test block in a constant-temperature storage mode, and calibrating other residual stress nondestructive testing equipment by using the standard test block.
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| CN202011152574.2A CN113218571A (en) | 2020-10-26 | 2020-10-26 | Residual stress standard test block setting and tracing method |
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Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101451965A (en) * | 2008-12-29 | 2009-06-10 | 重庆大学 | Method for detecting residual stress of steel by X-ray |
| CN103017955A (en) * | 2012-11-29 | 2013-04-03 | 北京理工大学 | Manufacturing process and protection method for constant value residual stress welding test piece |
| CN103604874A (en) * | 2013-10-30 | 2014-02-26 | 北京理工大学 | Manufacturing process, application method and preservation method of residual compressive stress constant value test block |
| CN103630564A (en) * | 2013-03-29 | 2014-03-12 | 南车青岛四方机车车辆股份有限公司 | Measure method for residual stress of high-speed train body |
| CN103837603A (en) * | 2014-02-28 | 2014-06-04 | 北京理工大学 | Method for using residual stress gradient calibrating block |
-
2020
- 2020-10-26 CN CN202011152574.2A patent/CN113218571A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101451965A (en) * | 2008-12-29 | 2009-06-10 | 重庆大学 | Method for detecting residual stress of steel by X-ray |
| CN103017955A (en) * | 2012-11-29 | 2013-04-03 | 北京理工大学 | Manufacturing process and protection method for constant value residual stress welding test piece |
| CN103630564A (en) * | 2013-03-29 | 2014-03-12 | 南车青岛四方机车车辆股份有限公司 | Measure method for residual stress of high-speed train body |
| CN103604874A (en) * | 2013-10-30 | 2014-02-26 | 北京理工大学 | Manufacturing process, application method and preservation method of residual compressive stress constant value test block |
| CN103837603A (en) * | 2014-02-28 | 2014-06-04 | 北京理工大学 | Method for using residual stress gradient calibrating block |
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