CN117664437A - Residual stress measuring instrument magnitude evaluation method - Google Patents
Residual stress measuring instrument magnitude evaluation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN117664437A CN117664437A CN202311386784.1A CN202311386784A CN117664437A CN 117664437 A CN117664437 A CN 117664437A CN 202311386784 A CN202311386784 A CN 202311386784A CN 117664437 A CN117664437 A CN 117664437A
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- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000009659 non-destructive testing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000011002 quantification Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000009662 stress testing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004171 Esters of colophony Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001683 neutron diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012255 powdered metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
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- Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a residual stress measuring instrument magnitude evaluation method, and belongs to the technical field of residual stress calibration. The implementation method of the invention comprises the following steps: firstly, evaluating zero point performance of a residual stress measuring instrument by using general stress-free powder; secondly, aiming at the problem that the high stress standard stress value of the test block cannot be obtained, the evaluation of the high stress performance of the residual stress instrument is completed by utilizing the stress relative variation through a gradual loading method; finally, the performance curve of the residual stress measuring system is obtained by combining zero stress and high stress performance, and the magnitude evaluation of the residual stress measuring instrument is completed. And according to the linearity of the residual stress equipment, the accuracy of the measurement of the relative amount of the stress and the zero point calibration result, performing linear fitting to realize the performance evaluation of the residual stress equipment, and improving the accuracy of the nondestructive testing result of the residual stress. The invention does not need to carry out stress relief treatment on the test block, only needs to carry out annealing treatment on the test block, and avoids the influence of uneven stress on a measurement result.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of residual stress testing and calibration, and relates to a residual stress measuring instrument magnitude evaluation method.
Background
The residual stress is self-balanced internal stress which is remained in the object after the external force or the uneven temperature field is eliminated, the residual stress has obvious influence on the mechanical property of the component, the component can be warped or distorted and deformed and even cracked, the fatigue resistance, the stress corrosion resistance and the like of the material are reduced, the component can not be assembled, the service time is reduced, even serious accidents are generated, and the like, and the accurate measurement of the residual stress has important significance for changing the fatigue life of the component, preventing the component from deforming and brittle failure and improving the service safety of the component. In the prior art, the residual stress testing method is mainly divided into two major types, namely a lossy testing method and a lossless testing method, wherein the typical method of the lossy testing method is a blind hole method, the lossless testing method mainly comprises an X-ray diffraction method, an ultrasonic method, a neutron diffraction method and the like, and the calibration of residual stress testing equipment is not a perfect method, because the initial stress value of a test block cannot be accurately measured, the stress value in a high-stress test block cannot be accurately obtained, and the calibration of a zero stress point is generally carried out by only adopting metal powder, but because the performance of the high stress point cannot be ensured by only calibrating the zero point, the effective tracing of the residual stress cannot be realized, and the reliability of the measurement result in the high stress is reduced. In order to realize tracing of residual stress and ensure accuracy and reliability of a residual stress measurement result, performance of residual stress measurement equipment at a high stress point must be considered.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for evaluating the magnitude of a residual stress measuring instrument, which can realize the performance evaluation of residual stress measuring equipment and improve the accuracy of nondestructive testing results of the residual stress.
The aim of the invention is achieved by the following technical scheme.
The invention discloses a method for evaluating the magnitude of a residual stress measuring instrument, which utilizes stress relative values of stress-free powder and high-stress test blocks to evaluate the performance of the residual stress measuring instrument.
The stress value of the stress-free powder is measured by using a residual stress device, the stress-free powder preparation method refers to the method described in ASTM E915, and the zero point performance of the residual stress device is evaluated by the output value of the residual stress device.
Cutting a test block for stretching or compressing on a metal plate, annealing the test block to enable the initial stress value of the test block to be uniform, loading the test block with axial force by using a loading mechanism, adding additional tensile stress or compressive stress to the test block, measuring the axial force by using a standard force sensor, and measuring the section size of the test block by using a length measuring device.
In the axial force loading process, measuring the stress in the test block by using the corrected residual stress equipment; calculating to obtain the theoretical stress variation delta sigma according to the axial force and the section size of the test block mi The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The stress value measured by the corrected residual stress equipment is sigma n The stress value may be expressed as sigma 0 +Δσ ni Wherein sigma 0 The initial stress value of the test block; sigma (sigma) 0 Is unknown but one quantification; the change of the stress value measured by the corrected residual stress device is delta sigma ni The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the By comparison of DeltaSigma mi And delta sigma ni And obtaining the linearity and the accuracy of the relative quantity measurement of the residual stress equipment when measuring high stress.
And according to the linearity of the residual stress equipment, the accuracy of the measurement of the relative amount of the stress and the zero point calibration result, performing linear fitting to realize the performance evaluation of the residual stress equipment, and improving the accuracy of the nondestructive testing result of the residual stress.
The beneficial effects are that:
1. according to the method for evaluating the magnitude of the residual stress measuring instrument, disclosed by the invention, the evaluation of the high stress performance of the residual stress measuring instrument is completed by utilizing the stress relative variation through a gradual loading method; finally, the performance curve of the residual stress measuring system is obtained by combining zero stress and high stress performance, the magnitude evaluation of the residual stress measuring instrument is completed, and the problem that the high stress state has no standard value is solved.
2. According to the residual stress measuring instrument magnitude evaluation method disclosed by the invention, the zero point and the high-range performance of the residual stress measuring equipment are measured and evaluated, so that the reliability of the full-range performance of the residual stress measuring equipment is ensured.
3. According to the residual stress measuring instrument magnitude evaluation method disclosed by the invention, stress in the test block is not required to be removed (the stress in the test block cannot be completely removed in actual conditions), and only the annealing treatment is required to be carried out on the test block, so that the influence of non-uniformity of the stress on a measuring result is avoided.
4. According to the method for evaluating the magnitude of the residual stress measuring instrument, disclosed by the invention, the high-stress state performance of the residual stress measuring equipment is evaluated by using the test block stress variation as a standard quantity, so that the influence of initial stress of the test block on the performance evaluation of the instrument is avoided.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the residual stress measuring instrument magnitude evaluation method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further specifically described below by way of example and with reference to fig. 1.
When the performance of the residual stress measuring equipment is evaluated, the zero stress measuring accuracy of the residual stress measuring equipment is evaluated by using the zero stress metal powder, so that the reliability and the reliability of the output result of the residual stress measuring equipment are reduced in practical application. Because the non-powdered metal test block can not reach the zero stress state, when the loading device is used for loading the test block, the stress value in the test block can not be obtained, so that a high stress standard value is not available, and the performance of the residual stress measuring equipment in the process of measuring high stress can not be evaluated.
The invention aims at the problems, and provides a method for evaluating the performance of the residual stress measuring equipment by using the relative variation of stress, which does not need to measure the initial stress of a test block or the absolute stress value in the test block, namely, the performance of the residual stress measuring equipment is evaluated under the condition of no standard value. According to the relation between the force and the area, the stress variation of the test block caused by different external loading forces is calculated, and the performance of the residual stress measuring equipment in high stress measurement is evaluated through the calculated value of the stress variation and the stress variation measured by the residual stress measuring equipment, so that the problem that the initial stress of the test block cannot be completely removed without a stress standard value is solved.
The specific implementation process of the invention is as follows:
firstly, preparing a zero-stress test block, namely preparing zero-stress metal powder; measuring stress value sigma in zero stress test block using calibrated residual stress equipment z And obtaining the zero point characteristic of the corrected residual stress equipment.
And secondly, processing and manufacturing a solid test block according to the required material mark, wherein the shape of the test block is square, and the size of the test block is determined according to the size of the loading device.
Thirdly, placing the solid test block on a fixture of a loading device, measuring a loading force value by using a standard force sensor by using the loading device, measuring a stress value in the solid test block by using a calibrated residual stress device, and recording the stress value as sigma 0 +Δσ n0 。
Step four, loading the solid test block by using a loading device, and calculating according to the loading force value and the sectional area of the test block to obtain the stress values sigma in the solid test block given by the loading device m1 ，σ m2 ，...,σ mi ，...,σ mQ The stress values described above are taken as abscissa.
Fifthly, measuring stress values at each stress point of the solid test block by using the corrected residual stress equipment to obtain a stress measurement value sigma 0 +σ n1 ,σ 0 +σ n2 ,...,σ 0 +σ ni ,...,σ 0 +σ nQ And taking the stress measured value as an ordinate to obtain the relative relation between the stress calculated value and the stress measured value.
Step six, calculating the stress difference of adjacent points to obtain the stress difference delta sigma of the adjacent points in the solid test block m1 ，Δσ m2 ，...,Δσ mi ，...,Δσ mQ-1 Wherein Δσ mi ＝σ mi+1 -σ mi The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The stress differences of adjacent points of corresponding measured values are delta sigma respectively n1 ，Δσ n2 ，...,Δσ ni ，...,Δσ nQ-1 Wherein Δσ ni ＝σ ni+1 -σ ni 。
And seventhly, obtaining the linearity and the relative stress measurement accuracy of the residual stress measurement equipment in a high stress state according to the difference between the stress measurement values of the adjacent stress points and the difference between the measured values.
And eighth, combining the calibration result of the residual stress equipment in zero stress, and obtaining the characteristic curve and the characteristic correction equation of the residual stress equipment by using a least square fitting method.
While the foregoing is directed to embodiments of the present invention, other and further embodiments of the invention may be devised without departing from the basic scope thereof, and the scope thereof is determined by the claims that follow.
Claims (2)
1. A residual stress measuring instrument magnitude evaluation method is characterized in that: the performance of the residual stress measuring instrument is evaluated by using stress relative values of the stress-free powder and the high-stress test block;
measuring the stress value of the stress-free powder by using residual stress equipment, and evaluating the zero point performance of the residual stress equipment by using the output value of the residual stress equipment;
cutting a test block for stretching or compressing on a metal plate, annealing the test block to enable initial stress values of the test block to be uniform, loading axial force on the test block by using a loading mechanism, adding additional tensile stress or compressive stress on the test block, measuring the axial force by using a standard force sensor, and measuring the section size of the test block by using a length measuring device;
in the axial force loading process, measuring the stress in the test block by using the corrected residual stress equipment; calculating to obtain the theoretical stress variation delta sigma according to the axial force and the section size of the test block mi The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The stress value measured by the corrected residual stress equipment is sigma n The stress value is expressed as sigma 0 +Δσ ni Wherein sigma 0 The initial stress value of the test block; sigma (sigma) 0 Is unknown but one quantification; the change of the stress value measured by the corrected residual stress device is delta sigma ni The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the By comparison of DeltaSigma mi And delta sigma ni And obtaining the linearity and the accuracy of the relative quantity measurement of the residual stress equipment when measuring high stress.
2. The method for evaluating the magnitude of a residual stress measuring instrument according to claim 1, wherein: and according to the linearity of the residual stress equipment, the accuracy of the measurement of the relative amount of the stress and the zero point calibration result, performing linear fitting to realize the performance evaluation of the residual stress equipment, and improving the accuracy of the nondestructive testing result of the residual stress.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311386784.1A CN117664437A (en) | 2023-10-24 | 2023-10-24 | Residual stress measuring instrument magnitude evaluation method |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311386784.1A CN117664437A (en) | 2023-10-24 | 2023-10-24 | Residual stress measuring instrument magnitude evaluation method |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN117664437A true CN117664437A (en) | 2024-03-08 |
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| CN202311386784.1A Pending CN117664437A (en) | 2023-10-24 | 2023-10-24 | Residual stress measuring instrument magnitude evaluation method |
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- 2023-10-24 CN CN202311386784.1A patent/CN117664437A/en active Pending
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