CN113218103A - Air-cooled heat pump system - Google Patents
Air-cooled heat pump system Download PDFInfo
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- CN113218103A CN113218103A CN202110469296.1A CN202110469296A CN113218103A CN 113218103 A CN113218103 A CN 113218103A CN 202110469296 A CN202110469296 A CN 202110469296A CN 113218103 A CN113218103 A CN 113218103A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B13/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, with reversible cycle
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B47/00—Arrangements for preventing or removing deposits or corrosion, not provided for in another subclass
- F25B47/02—Defrosting cycles
- F25B47/022—Defrosting cycles hot gas defrosting
- F25B47/025—Defrosting cycles hot gas defrosting by reversing the cycle
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- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Compression-Type Refrigeration Machines With Reversible Cycles (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides an air-cooled heat pump system which comprises a compressor, a throttle valve, a first heat exchanger, a second heat exchanger, a third heat exchanger, a first four-way valve and a fan, wherein the compressor, the throttle valve, first fluid channels of the first heat exchanger, the second heat exchanger and the third heat exchanger are connected with the fan through a refrigerant pipe to form a refrigeration cycle loop, and fluid is introduced into second fluid channels of the second heat exchanger and the third heat exchanger to enable the refrigerant to exchange heat with the fluid. The system can melt frost on line without interrupting heating, and simultaneously increases the heating capacity of the system by recovering the supercooled heat, including the heating capacity increased by directly heating fluid by using the supercooled heat, and the heating capacity increased by increasing the refrigerating capacity. The invention has the advantages of simple system, low cost, high efficiency, safety, reliability, energy saving, environmental protection and the like, and can be widely used in various fields of industry, civilian use and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a novel air-cooled heat pump which is used for heating water or air and other fluids.
Background
The existing air-cooled heat pump has two main problems, namely that when the ambient temperature is low, frost is easily produced, the system is heated and the defrosting is interrupted, the heating effect is influenced, and the heat pump is changed into a refrigerating mode during defrosting, so that the heat loss is caused. Secondly, the supercooling heat of the heat pump refrigerant circulation is not utilized, the heat of the hot refrigerant from the condenser is not fully utilized, the heating capacity is reduced, and meanwhile, the hot fluid enters the evaporator after expanding, so that the load of the evaporator is increased meaninglessly, the latent heat taking capacity of the system from the environment is weakened, namely, the refrigerating capacity is reduced, and the heating capacity is also reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims at the two problems and provides a novel system which can continuously stop heating and defrosting on line and simultaneously increase the heating capacity of the system by recovering the heat of supercooling, wherein the heating capacity is increased by directly utilizing the supercooling to heat the fluid and the heating capacity is increased by increasing the refrigerating capacity.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
an air-cooled heat pump system comprises a compressor, a throttle valve, a first heat exchanger, a second heat exchanger, a third heat exchanger, a first four-way valve and a fan. Wherein, the import of compressor links to each other with the four interfaces of first cross valve, the export links to each other with the first fluid passageway interface of third heat exchanger, another interface of the first fluid passageway of third heat exchanger links to each other with the three interfaces of first cross valve, an interface of first cross valve links to each other with the first fluid passageway interface of first heat exchanger, another interface of the first fluid passageway of first heat exchanger links to each other with the choke valve, another interface of choke valve links to each other with the first fluid passageway interface of second heat exchanger, another interface of the first fluid passageway of second heat exchanger links to each other with the second interface of cross valve and forms the refrigerant pipeline, the fan links to each other with the air duct of first heat exchanger, the first heat exchanger refrigerant exchanges heat with the air, the second fluid passageway of second heat exchanger and third heat exchanger lets in fluid, make refrigerant and fluid heat transfer, the fluid is gas or liquid, the heat transfer includes: the second heat exchanger and the third heat exchanger exchange heat with gas and liquid at the same time, or one of the second heat exchanger and the third heat exchanger exchanges heat with gas, and the other exchanges heat with liquid. The air-cooled heat pump system comprises two heating cycles:
main heating circulation: gaseous refrigerant from the outlet of the compressor exchanges heat with fluid through the third heat exchanger, the refrigerant is condensed to heat the fluid, the condensed refrigerant enters the second heat exchanger through the first four-way valve to exchange heat with the fluid and is subcooled, the fluid is heated, the subcooled refrigerant enters the first heat exchanger through the throttle valve to exchange heat with air, the refrigerant is evaporated and returns to the inlet of the compressor through the first four-way valve, and circulation is completed;
auxiliary heating circulation: gaseous refrigerant from the outlet of the compressor exchanges heat with fluid through a third heat exchanger, the refrigerant is condensed to heat the fluid, the condensed refrigerant enters a first heat exchanger through a first four-way valve, the refrigerant is supercooled and defrosted for the first heat exchanger, the supercooled refrigerant enters a second heat exchanger through a throttle valve to exchange heat with the fluid, the refrigerant is evaporated, the fluid is cooled, and then the evaporated refrigerant returns to the inlet of the compressor through the first four-way valve to finish circulation;
the air-cooled heat pump system realizes the switching of two heating cycles by switching the flow direction of a refrigerant through the first four-way valve, switches to an auxiliary heating cycle after the first heat exchanger produces frost, and switches back to the main heating cycle after the first heat exchanger completes defrosting.
Further, the fluid is gas, and the air-cooled heat pump system is also used for dehumidifying the gas, and specifically comprises: gas passes through the second heat exchanger first, passes through the third heat exchanger again, and the system contains two dehumidification circulation:
and in the main dehumidification cycle, gaseous refrigerant from the outlet of the compressor exchanges heat with gas through the third heat exchanger, the refrigerant is condensed, the condensed refrigerant enters the first heat exchanger through the first four-way valve, is subcooled, then enters the second heat exchanger through the throttle valve to exchange heat with the gas, is evaporated, and then returns to the inlet of the compressor through the first four-way valve to complete the cycle. At the moment, the gas is cooled and dehumidified through the second heat exchanger and then heated through the third heat exchanger.
The system is assisted with dehumidification circulation, gas refrigerant from the outlet of a compressor exchanges heat with gas through a third heat exchanger, the refrigerant is condensed, the condensed refrigerant enters a second heat exchanger through a first four-way valve, is subcooled and defrosts the second heat exchanger, the subcooled refrigerant enters a first heat exchanger through a throttle valve to exchange heat with air, the refrigerant is evaporated, and then the refrigerant returns to the inlet of the compressor through the first four-way valve, so that circulation is completed; at the moment, the gas is heated through the second heat exchanger and then is further heated through the third heat exchanger to reduce the relative humidity of the gas.
The switching of main dehumidification circulation and supplementary dehumidification circulation is realized to the refrigerant flow direction through first cross valve switching, produces the frost back when the second heat exchanger, switches to supplementary dehumidification circulation, and after the second heat exchanger defrosting was accomplished, switches back to main dehumidification circulation.
Further, the system also comprises a second four-way valve, the second four-way valve is arranged between the inlet and the outlet of the compressor and used for switching whether the refrigerant at the outlet of the compressor passes through the third heat exchanger, and the system specifically comprises: the first interface and the second interface of the second four-way valve are respectively connected with the inlet and the outlet of the compressor, the third interface of the second four-way valve is connected with the fourth interface of the first four-way valve, and the fourth interface of the second four-way valve is connected with the first fluid channel interface of the third heat exchanger.
When the second four-way valve is communicated with the fourth interface, and the first interface and the third interface are communicated with each other, the heating mode is adopted, the main heating mode and the auxiliary heating mode are converted through the first four-way valve, and when the second four-way valve is communicated with the third interface, and the first interface and the fourth interface are communicated with each other, the cooling mode is adopted, and the cooling mode is specifically characterized in that: gaseous refrigerant from the outlet of the compressor enters the first heat exchanger through the second four-way valve and the first four-way valve to exchange heat with air, the refrigerant is condensed and then enters the second heat exchanger through the throttle valve, the refrigerant exchanges heat with fluid, the refrigerant is evaporated, the fluid is cooled, the evaporated refrigerant enters the third heat exchanger through the first four-way valve to exchange heat with the fluid, the refrigerant continues to be evaporated, the fluid is cooled, and finally the refrigerant returns to the inlet of the compressor through the second four-way valve.
Furthermore, the third heat exchanger is provided with a bypass, the bypass comprises a first fluid channel bypass and/or a second fluid channel bypass, and a bypass valve is installed on the bypass. In the heating mode, the bypass valve is completely closed, and the refrigerant or fluid does not pass through the bypass. When the first fluid channel bypass is completely opened, refrigerant from the outlet of the compressor enters the first heat exchanger through the first fluid channel bypass and the first four-way valve to exchange heat with fluid, the refrigerant is condensed and then enters the second heat exchanger through the throttle valve to exchange heat with the fluid, the refrigerant is evaporated, the fluid is cooled, and the evaporated refrigerant returns to the inlet of the compressor through the first four-way valve; when the second fluid channel bypass is completely opened, the refrigerant from the outlet of the compressor passes through the third heat exchanger and then enters the first heat exchanger through the first four-way valve to exchange heat with fluid, the refrigerant is condensed, the condensed refrigerant passes through the throttle valve and enters the second heat exchanger to exchange heat with the fluid, the refrigerant is evaporated and cooled, the evaporated refrigerant returns to the inlet of the compressor through the first four-way valve, the fluid passes through the bypass, and the refrigerant does not exchange heat with the fluid through the third heat exchanger. During dehumidification circulation, the flow of the refrigerant passing through the third heat exchanger is adjusted by the bypass valve of the bypass of the first fluid channel.
Furthermore, a valve is mounted on the first fluid channel interface or the second fluid channel interface of the third heat exchanger, the valve is opened in the heating mode and closed in the cooling mode, and the valve and the bypass valve are combined to form a two-way valve.
Further, the flow passing through the second fluid channel of the second heat exchanger and the second fluid channel of the third heat exchanger are parallel flow passing, series flow passing or series-parallel flow passing, and when the flows are in parallel flow passing, the two parallel flows can be different flows or the same flow.
Further, a first fluid channel and a second fluid channel of the second heat exchanger and a third fluid channel of the third heat exchanger are respectively communicated with a first fluid and a second fluid, and the air-cooled heat pump system can also be used for refrigerating and heating at the same time, and specifically comprises the following steps:
and the third heat exchanger heats/the second heat exchanger performs refrigeration cycle, gaseous refrigerant from the outlet of the compressor exchanges heat with the second fluid through the third heat exchanger, the refrigerant is condensed to heat the second fluid passing through the third heat exchanger, the condensed refrigerant enters the first heat exchanger through the first four-way valve, is supercooled or not, then enters the second heat exchanger through the throttle valve to exchange heat with the first fluid, evaporates the refrigerant, cools the first fluid passing through the second heat exchanger, and then returns to the inlet of the compressor through the first four-way valve to complete the cycle.
And the refrigerant from the outlet of the compressor enters the third heat exchanger through the second four-way valve to exchange heat with the second fluid, the refrigerant is condensed to heat the second fluid passing through the third heat exchanger, the condensed refrigerant enters the first heat exchanger through the first four-way valve, is subcooled or not subcooled, then enters the second heat exchanger through the throttle valve to exchange heat with the first fluid, is evaporated, cools the first fluid passing through the second heat exchanger, and then returns to the inlet of the compressor through the first four-way valve and the second four-way valve to finish the circulation.
And the refrigerant from the outlet of the compressor enters the second heat exchanger through the second four-way valve and the first four-way valve to exchange heat with the first fluid, the refrigerant is condensed to heat the first fluid passing through the second heat exchanger, the condensed refrigerant enters the first heat exchanger after being throttled by the throttle valve, then enters the third heat exchanger through the first four-way valve to exchange heat with the second fluid, the refrigerant is evaporated to cool the second fluid passing through the third heat exchanger, and then returns to the inlet of the compressor through the second four-way valve to finish the circulation.
Further, at least part of the heat or cold provided by the system is used for fresh air treatment.
Furthermore, the second heat exchangers and the third heat exchangers are multiple, the second heat exchangers are connected in parallel, the third heat exchangers are connected in parallel, and the refrigerant passes through the heat exchangers connected in parallel.
Further, the system is an air-cooled heat pump water heater, and the fluid is cold water from a water supply source or circulating water from a heat storage hot water tank of the water heater.
The system of the invention can be used for various air-cooled heat pumps, heat pump direct expansion units for heating air, heat pump cold and hot water units for heating water, heat pump water heaters and the like, and is particularly suitable for heating fresh air and cold water with low temperature.
The invention has the advantages of simple system, low cost, high efficiency, safety, reliability, energy saving, environmental protection and the like, and can be widely used in various fields of industry, civilian use and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a basic schematic diagram of the present invention
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a refrigerator with heating and cooling functions
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a main heating cycle
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an auxiliary heating cycle
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a refrigeration cycle
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a composite heat exchanger
FIG. 7 is another schematic diagram of a system for simultaneously implementing cooling and heating
Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of a fluid containing two fluids.
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of simultaneous cooling and heating
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of simultaneous cooling and heating
FIG. 11 illustrates a situation where a plurality of second heat exchangers are included to produce heat
FIG. 12 shows a case of cooling with a plurality of second heat exchangers
Detailed Description
Referring to fig. 1, the system 100 includes a compressor 101, a throttle valve 102, a first heat exchanger 104, a second heat exchanger 105, a third heat exchanger 106, a first four-way valve 103, a blower 107, and a refrigerant pipe 108, wherein each of the components, the compressor 101, the throttle valve 102, the first heat exchanger 104, the second heat exchanger 105, the third heat exchanger 106, the first four-way valve 103, is connected by a refrigerant pipe to form a refrigeration cycle loop, i.e., an inlet of the compressor is connected to a fourth port 14 of the first four-way valve 103, an outlet of the compressor is connected to a first fluid passage port of the third heat exchanger 106, another port of a first fluid passage of the third heat exchanger 106 is connected to a third port 13 of the first four-way valve 103, a port 11 of the four-way valve 103 is connected to a first fluid passage port of the first heat exchanger 104, another port of the first fluid passage of the first heat exchanger 104 is connected to the throttle valve 102, and another port of the throttle valve 102 is connected to a first fluid passage port of the second heat exchanger 105, the other interface of the first fluid channel of the second heat exchanger 105 is connected with the second interface 12 of the four-way valve 103 to form a refrigerant pipeline, the fan is arranged at the upstream or downstream of the air channel of the first heat exchanger 104, the refrigerant in the first fluid channel of the first heat exchanger 104 exchanges heat with the air, and the second fluid channels of the second heat exchanger 105 and the third heat exchanger 106 are filled with gas or liquid to exchange heat with the gas or the liquid, wherein the two heat exchangers exchange heat with the gas or the liquid at the same time, or one of the two heat exchangers exchanges heat with the gas and the other exchanges heat with the liquid, at the moment, the fluids of the two heat exchangers need to be connected in parallel, the situation shown in fig. 8 is a parallel situation, and the fluid, namely the gas or the liquid is filled into the other side of the heat exchangers.
The air-cooled heat pump system has two heating cycles, namely a main heating cycle and an auxiliary heating cycle, wherein the main heating cycle is a cycle 200A shown in fig. 3, a gaseous refrigerant from an outlet of a compressor 101 passes through a third heat exchanger 106, namely, a condenser, and exchanges heat with a fluid, the refrigerant condenses and heats the fluid, and then passes through a first four-way valve 103 to enter a second heat exchanger 105, namely, a subcooler, the refrigerant is subcooled and exchanges heat with the fluid, the fluid is heated, and then passes through a throttle valve 102 to enter a first heat exchanger 104, which is an evaporator, exchanges heat with air, the refrigerant is evaporated, and then the refrigerant returns to an inlet of the compressor 101 through the first four-way valve 103; after the first heat exchanger 104 frosts, the system is switched to the auxiliary heating cycle through the first four-way valve 103.
In the auxiliary heating cycle, i.e., the 200B cycle in fig. 4, the gaseous refrigerant from the outlet of the compressor 101 passes through the third heat exchanger 106, which functions as a condenser, exchanges heat with the fluid, condenses the refrigerant, heats the fluid, passes through the first four-way valve 103, enters the first heat exchanger 104, which functions as a subcooler, subcools the refrigerant, defrosts the first heat exchanger 104, passes through the throttle valve 102, enters the second heat exchanger 105, which functions as an evaporator, exchanges heat with the fluid, evaporates the refrigerant, cools the fluid, and then returns to the inlet of the compressor 101 through the first four-way valve 103; when defrosting of the first heat exchanger 104 is completed, the first four-way valve 103 switches back to the main heating cycle.
The air-cooled heat pump system can also be used for dehumidifying gas, namely, in fig. 1, the fluid introduced into the second fluid channel of the second heat exchanger 105 and the second fluid channel of the third heat exchanger 106 is gas, the gas is dehumidified, the gas firstly passes through the second heat exchanger 105 and then passes through the third heat exchanger 106, the air-cooled heat pump system has two dehumidification cycles, namely a main dehumidification cycle 200B and an auxiliary dehumidification cycle 200A, the main dehumidification cycle is that a gaseous refrigerant from the outlet of the compressor 101 exchanges heat with the gas through the third heat exchanger 106, the refrigerant is condensed, and the dehumidified and cooled gas from the second heat exchanger 105 is heated; the condensed refrigerant enters a first heat exchanger 104 through a first four-way valve 103 to be subcooled, then enters a second heat exchanger 105 through a throttle valve 102 to exchange heat with fluid, the refrigerant is evaporated, and the gas is cooled and dehumidified; the evaporated refrigerant returns to the inlet of the compressor 101 through the first four-way valve 103, completing the cycle. The dehumidification heat exchanger is easy to produce frost when gas temperature is low, just easily produce frost when dehumidifying the air like the season that southern plum rain temperature is low, produces the frost after second heat exchanger 105, and the accessible is first cross valve 103 to be switched to and assists the dehumidification circulation, assists the heating cycle promptly: gaseous refrigerant from an outlet of the compressor 101 exchanges heat with gas through the third heat exchanger 106, the refrigerant condenses to heat the gas, the condensed refrigerant enters the second heat exchanger 105 through the first four-way valve 103, the refrigerant is subcooled and defrosts the second heat exchanger 105, the subcooled refrigerant enters the first heat exchanger 104 through the throttle valve 102 to exchange heat with air, the refrigerant evaporates, and then returns to an inlet of the compressor 101 through the first four-way valve 103 to complete circulation. Although the temperature of the gas is not reduced in the auxiliary heating circulation, the relative humidity of the gas is reduced by heating, and the auxiliary heating circulation is particularly suitable for low-temperature plum rain seasons in the south; when defrosting of the second heat exchanger 105 is completed, the main dehumidification cycle is switched back.
The dehumidification cycle may further include a first fluid channel bypass and a second fluid channel bypass of the third heat exchanger, as shown in fig. 7, and the heat exchange amount and the temperature of the gas are controlled by adjusting a refrigerant flow ratio between the first fluid channel bypass and the first fluid channel of the third heat exchanger.
The first four-way valve 103 and the second four-way valve described below may be replaced with a combination of a plurality of one-way valves or a combination of a plurality of two-way valves.
Obviously, when the temperature of the heated fluid is low, the efficiency of the main heating cycle is higher, because the second heat exchanger 105, i.e. the subcooler, recovers more heat, when the system is an air-cooled heat pump water heater, the fluid comes from low-temperature cold water of a water supply source, the efficiency is higher than that of a heating heat pump, because the temperature of the circulating water of the heating heat pump entering the second heat exchanger 105 is relatively higher, when the fluid comes from a heat storage hot water tank of the heat pump water heater, the initial water temperature is low, the efficiency is high, and then the temperature in the hot water tank is increased, and the efficiency is gradually reduced.
For the condition that the heat pump directly heats air, obviously, the efficiency of heating the fresh air is high, and the efficiency of heating the air in the chamber is low.
In the system, a plurality of first heat exchangers 104, a plurality of second heat exchangers 105 and a plurality of third heat exchangers 103 can be arranged, namely, a plurality of first heat exchangers 104 are connected in parallel, a plurality of second heat exchangers 105 are connected in parallel, a plurality of third heat exchangers 106 are connected in parallel, and refrigerant passes through the plurality of heat exchangers connected in parallel.
When the air-cooled heat pump system needs to have a cooling function, a second four-way valve 201 is added, as shown in the system 200 of fig. 2, a first interface 21 and a second interface 22 of the second four-way valve 201 are respectively connected with an inlet and an outlet of the compressor 101, a third interface 23 of the second four-way valve 201 is connected with a fourth interface 14 of the first four-way valve 103, a fourth interface 24 of the second four-way valve is connected with a first fluid channel interface of a third heat exchanger, when the second four- way valve interfaces 22 and 24 are communicated, the interfaces 21 and 23 are communicated, a heating mode is realized, switching between a main heating mode and an auxiliary heating mode is realized through switching of the first four-way valve 103, the main heating mode, namely 200A circulation mode, and the auxiliary heating mode, namely 200B are circulated, and when the second four- way valve interfaces 22 and 23 are communicated, the interfaces 21 and 24 are communicated, the cooling mode is realized:
in the refrigeration cycle, i.e., the 200C cycle in fig. 5, the gaseous refrigerant from the outlet of the compressor 101 passes through the second four-way valve 201 and the first four-way valve 103, and then enters the first heat exchanger 104, which functions as a condenser, exchanges heat with air, condenses the refrigerant, and then enters the second heat exchanger 105 through the throttle valve 102, which functions as an evaporator, exchanges heat with a fluid, evaporates the refrigerant, cools the fluid, and the evaporated refrigerant passes through the first four-way valve 103 to enter the third heat exchanger 106, which functions as an evaporator, exchanges heat with the fluid, the refrigerant continues to be evaporated, the fluid is cooled, and finally returns to the inlet of the compressor 101 through the second four-way valve 201.
Fig. 7 shows another way of implementing the refrigeration cycle in the system 300, that is, on the basis of fig. 1, a first fluid channel bypass and bypass valve 301 and a second fluid channel bypass and bypass valve 302 of the third heat exchanger are provided, but only one type of bypass and bypass valve thereof, that is, the first fluid channel bypass and bypass valve 301 or the second fluid channel bypass and bypass valve 302 of the third heat exchanger may be provided, and the purpose of the bypass is to prevent heat exchange between the fluid and the refrigerant in the refrigeration mode. And when heating, the bypass is closed, and the fluid exchanges heat with the refrigerant.
In order to better achieve the above object, a valve (not shown) may be further installed on the first fluid channel (refrigerant) interface or the second fluid channel (fluid) interface of the third heat exchanger, and the valve is opened in the heating mode and closed in the cooling mode, and of course, the valve installed on the refrigerant interface or the fluid interface of the third heat exchanger may be combined with the bypass valve to form a two-way valve.
Fig. 7 shows a refrigeration cycle of the system 300.
When a first fluid channel bypass (refrigerant bypass) is arranged, refrigerant from an outlet of the compressor 101 enters the first heat exchanger 104 through the bypass by the first four-way valve 103, the refrigerant has the functions of a condenser and exchanges heat with air, the refrigerant is condensed, the refrigerant then passes through the throttle valve 102 and enters the second heat exchanger 105, the refrigerant has the functions of an evaporator and exchanges heat with fluid, the refrigerant is evaporated, the fluid is cooled, and the evaporated refrigerant then returns to an inlet of the compressor 101 through the first four-way valve 103 to complete circulation. When the bypass is a second fluid channel bypass (fluid bypass), the refrigerant from the outlet of the compressor 101 passes through the third heat exchanger 106, enters the first heat exchanger 104 through the first four-way valve 103, and has the functions of a condenser, exchanging heat with air, condensing the refrigerant, then passes through the throttle valve 102, enters the second heat exchanger 105, has the functions of an evaporator, exchanging heat with fluid, evaporating the refrigerant, cooling the fluid, and then passes through the first four-way valve 103 to return to the inlet of the compressor 101, thereby completing circulation. The air passes through the bypass and the refrigerant does not exchange heat with the fluid as it passes through the third heat exchanger 106.
The system 210 of fig. 6 combines the second heat exchanger 105 and the third heat exchanger 106 of fig. 1 into one heat exchanger 1056, which can simplify the system.
The system 400 of fig. 8 shows the second heat exchanger 105 and the third heat exchanger 106 in parallel, and in fact, the flows may be in parallel, in series (as shown in fig. 2), or in parallel, for example, one flow passes through the second heat exchanger 105, then the third heat exchanger 106, and the other flow passes through the third heat exchanger 106 only, neither of which shows the parallel.
In fig. 8, ethylene glycol is used as fluid introduced into the second fluid channel of the second heat exchanger 105, water is used as fluid introduced into the second fluid channel of the third heat exchanger, the ethylene glycol and the water after flowing out are introduced into the fresh air heater to heat the fresh air, when the heat pump is a main heating cycle, the second heat exchanger 105 is a subcooler to preheat the fresh air, and because the temperature of the fresh air is low, the refrigerant can be fully subcooled, the heat absorption capacity is increased, the heating capacity and COP of the heat pump system are greatly improved, meanwhile, the ethylene glycol can also be prevented from freezing when the temperature of the fresh air is low, the third heat exchanger 106 is a condenser to further heat the fresh air.
When the heat pump is used as an auxiliary heating cycle, the second heat exchanger 105 is an evaporator, and glycol is used to prevent the evaporator from freezing, and the third heat exchanger 106 is still a condenser.
The air-cooled heat pump system can also realize refrigeration and heating at the same time, for example, sanitary hot water can be provided when refrigeration is carried out in summer, or the air-cooled heat pump system is applied when refrigeration and heating requirements exist in a building simultaneously. The system 100 and the system 200 can be used for realizing the functions, and fig. 9 and 10 show two cases that the system 200 simultaneously realizes the cooling and the heating.
Fig. 9 shows a cycle 200D, which realizes the heating of the third heat exchanger 106 and the refrigeration cycle of the second heat exchanger 105, wherein the refrigerant from the outlet of the compressor 101 enters the third heat exchanger 106 through the second four-way valve 201 to exchange heat with the gas, the refrigerant is condensed to heat the fluid passing through the third heat exchanger 106, the condensed refrigerant enters the first heat exchanger 104 through the first four-way valve 103, the refrigerant is supercooled or not, then enters the second heat exchanger 105 through the throttle valve 102 to exchange heat with the fluid, the refrigerant is evaporated to cool the fluid passing through the second heat exchanger 105, and then returns to the inlet of the compressor 101 through the first four-way valve 103 and the second four-way valve 201, thereby completing the cycle.
Fig. 10 illustrates a cycle 200E, which realizes the heating of the second heat exchanger 105 and the refrigeration cycle of the third heat exchanger 106, wherein a refrigerant from the outlet of the compressor 101 enters the second heat exchanger 105 through the second four-way valve 201 and the first four-way valve 103 to exchange heat with gas, the refrigerant is condensed to heat the fluid passing through the second heat exchanger 105, the condensed refrigerant is throttled by the throttle valve 102 and then enters the first heat exchanger 104, and then enters the third heat exchanger 106 through the first four-way valve 103 to exchange heat with the fluid, the refrigerant is evaporated to cool the fluid passing through the third heat exchanger 106, and then the fluid returns to the inlet of the compressor 101 through the second four-way valve 201, thereby completing the cycle.
In the system, a plurality of heat exchangers can be combined to form a second heat exchanger, or a plurality of heat exchangers can be combined to form a third heat exchanger, or the second heat exchanger and the third heat exchanger are both formed by combining a plurality of heat exchangers, wherein the plurality of heat exchangers are combined in parallel, a refrigerant passes through each heat exchanger in parallel, and the plurality of heat exchangers connected in parallel can be used simultaneously or in a time-sharing manner.
Fig. 11, and fig. 12 show one of the cases, in fig. 11 the second heat exchanger is composed of a combination of two heat exchangers, 1051 and 1052, for heating, i.e. systems 200F,1051 of fig. 11, for preheating fresh air, and for cooling, i.e. systems 200G, 1052 of fig. 12, for heating sanitary hot water. The refrigerant is connected in parallel through 1051 and 1052, and the two parallel pipelines are provided with valves for realizing switching, and the valves are not shown in the figure.
It should be understood that the above examples are only for clarity of illustration and are not intended to limit the embodiments. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. This need not be, nor should all embodiments be exhaustive. And obvious variations or modifications of the invention may be made without departing from the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. An air-cooled heat pump system is characterized by comprising a compressor, a throttle valve, a first heat exchanger, a second heat exchanger, a third heat exchanger, a first four-way valve and a fan. Wherein, the import of compressor links to each other with the four interfaces of first cross valve, the export links to each other with the first fluid passageway interface of third heat exchanger, another interface of the first fluid passageway of third heat exchanger links to each other with the three interfaces of first cross valve, an interface of first cross valve links to each other with the first fluid passageway interface of first heat exchanger, another interface of the first fluid passageway of first heat exchanger links to each other with the choke valve, another interface of choke valve links to each other with the first fluid passageway interface of second heat exchanger, another interface of the first fluid passageway of second heat exchanger links to each other with the second interface of cross valve and forms the refrigerant pipeline, the fan links to each other with the air duct of first heat exchanger, the first heat exchanger refrigerant exchanges heat with the air, the second fluid passageway of second heat exchanger and third heat exchanger lets in fluid, make refrigerant and fluid heat transfer, the fluid is gas or liquid, the heat transfer includes: the second heat exchanger and the third heat exchanger exchange heat with gas and liquid at the same time, or one of the second heat exchanger and the third heat exchanger exchanges heat with gas, and the other exchanges heat with liquid. The air-cooled heat pump system comprises two heating cycles:
main heating circulation: gaseous refrigerant from the outlet of the compressor exchanges heat with fluid through the third heat exchanger, the refrigerant is condensed to heat the fluid, the condensed refrigerant enters the second heat exchanger through the first four-way valve to exchange heat with the fluid and is subcooled, the fluid is heated, the subcooled refrigerant enters the first heat exchanger through the throttle valve to exchange heat with air, the refrigerant is evaporated and returns to the inlet of the compressor through the first four-way valve, and circulation is completed;
auxiliary heating circulation: gaseous refrigerant from the outlet of the compressor exchanges heat with fluid through a third heat exchanger, the refrigerant is condensed to heat the fluid, the condensed refrigerant enters a first heat exchanger through a first four-way valve, the refrigerant is supercooled and defrosted for the first heat exchanger, the supercooled refrigerant enters a second heat exchanger through a throttle valve to exchange heat with the fluid, the refrigerant is evaporated, the fluid is cooled, and then the evaporated refrigerant returns to the inlet of the compressor through the first four-way valve to finish circulation;
the air-cooled heat pump system realizes the switching of two heating cycles by switching the flow direction of a refrigerant through the first four-way valve, switches to an auxiliary heating cycle after the first heat exchanger produces frost, and switches back to the main heating cycle after the first heat exchanger completes defrosting.
2. The system of claim 1, further comprising a second four-way valve disposed between the inlet and the outlet of the compressor for switching whether the refrigerant at the outlet of the compressor passes through the third heat exchanger, specifically: the first interface and the second interface of the second four-way valve are respectively connected with the inlet and the outlet of the compressor, the third interface of the second four-way valve is connected with the fourth interface of the first four-way valve, and the fourth interface of the second four-way valve is connected with the first fluid channel interface of the third heat exchanger.
When the second four-way valve is communicated with the fourth interface, and the first interface and the third interface are communicated with each other, the heating mode is adopted, the main heating mode and the auxiliary heating mode are converted through the first four-way valve, and when the second four-way valve is communicated with the third interface, and the first interface and the fourth interface are communicated with each other, the cooling mode is adopted, and the cooling mode is specifically characterized in that: gaseous refrigerant from the outlet of the compressor enters the first heat exchanger through the second four-way valve and the first four-way valve to exchange heat with air, the refrigerant is condensed and then enters the second heat exchanger through the throttle valve, the refrigerant exchanges heat with fluid, the refrigerant is evaporated, the fluid is cooled, the evaporated refrigerant enters the third heat exchanger through the first four-way valve to exchange heat with the fluid, the refrigerant continues to be evaporated, the fluid is cooled, and finally the refrigerant returns to the inlet of the compressor through the second four-way valve.
Or the third heat exchanger is provided with a bypass, the bypass comprises a first fluid channel bypass and/or a second fluid channel bypass, and a bypass valve is installed on the bypass. In the heating mode, the bypass valve is completely closed, and the refrigerant or fluid does not pass through the bypass. When the first fluid channel bypass is completely opened, refrigerant from the outlet of the compressor enters the first heat exchanger through the first fluid channel bypass and the first four-way valve to exchange heat with fluid, the refrigerant is condensed and then enters the second heat exchanger through the throttle valve to exchange heat with the fluid, the refrigerant is evaporated, the fluid is cooled, and the evaporated refrigerant returns to the inlet of the compressor through the first four-way valve; when the second fluid channel bypass is completely opened, the refrigerant from the outlet of the compressor passes through the third heat exchanger and then enters the first heat exchanger through the first four-way valve to exchange heat with fluid, the refrigerant is condensed, the condensed refrigerant passes through the throttle valve and enters the second heat exchanger to exchange heat with the fluid, the refrigerant is evaporated and cooled, the evaporated refrigerant returns to the inlet of the compressor through the first four-way valve, the fluid passes through the bypass, and the refrigerant does not exchange heat with the fluid through the third heat exchanger. During dehumidification circulation, the flow of the refrigerant passing through the third heat exchanger is adjusted by the bypass valve of the bypass of the first fluid channel.
3. The system according to claim 1, wherein the fluid is a gas, and the air-cooled heat pump system is further used for dehumidifying the gas, specifically: gas passes through the second heat exchanger first, passes through the third heat exchanger again, and the system contains two dehumidification circulation:
and in the main dehumidification cycle, gaseous refrigerant from the outlet of the compressor exchanges heat with gas through the third heat exchanger, the refrigerant is condensed, the condensed refrigerant enters the first heat exchanger through the first four-way valve, is subcooled, then enters the second heat exchanger through the throttle valve to exchange heat with the gas, is evaporated, and then returns to the inlet of the compressor through the first four-way valve to complete the cycle. At the moment, the gas is cooled and dehumidified through the second heat exchanger and then heated through the third heat exchanger.
The system is assisted with dehumidification circulation, gas refrigerant from the outlet of a compressor exchanges heat with gas through a third heat exchanger, the refrigerant is condensed, the condensed refrigerant enters a second heat exchanger through a first four-way valve, is subcooled and defrosts the second heat exchanger, the subcooled refrigerant enters a first heat exchanger through a throttle valve to exchange heat with air, the refrigerant is evaporated, and then the refrigerant returns to the inlet of the compressor through the first four-way valve, so that circulation is completed; at the moment, the gas is heated through the second heat exchanger and then is further heated through the third heat exchanger to reduce the relative humidity of the gas.
The switching of main dehumidification circulation and supplementary dehumidification circulation is realized to the refrigerant flow direction through first cross valve switching, produces the frost back when the second heat exchanger, switches to supplementary dehumidification circulation, and after the second heat exchanger defrosting was accomplished, switches back to main dehumidification circulation.
4. The system of claim 3, further comprising a second four-way valve disposed between the inlet and the outlet of the compressor for switching whether the refrigerant at the outlet of the compressor passes through the third heat exchanger, specifically: the first interface and the second interface of the second four-way valve are respectively connected with the inlet and the outlet of the compressor, the third interface of the second four-way valve is connected with the fourth interface of the first four-way valve, and the fourth interface of the second four-way valve is connected with the first fluid channel interface of the third heat exchanger.
When the second four-way valve is communicated with the four interfaces, and the first interface and the third interface are communicated with each other, the second four-way valve is in a heating mode/dehumidifying mode, and converts a main heating cycle and an auxiliary heating cycle and a main dehumidifying cycle and an auxiliary dehumidifying cycle through the first four-way valve, and when the second four-way valve is communicated with the three interfaces, the first four-way valve is in a refrigerating mode, specifically: gaseous refrigerant from the outlet of the compressor enters the first heat exchanger through the second four-way valve and the first four-way valve to exchange heat with air, the refrigerant is condensed and then enters the second heat exchanger through the throttle valve, the refrigerant exchanges heat with fluid, the refrigerant is evaporated, the fluid is cooled, the evaporated refrigerant enters the third heat exchanger through the first four-way valve to exchange heat with the fluid, the refrigerant continues to be evaporated, the fluid is cooled, and finally the refrigerant returns to the inlet of the compressor through the second four-way valve.
Or the third heat exchanger is provided with a bypass, the bypass comprises a first fluid channel bypass and/or a second fluid channel bypass, and a bypass valve is installed on the bypass. In the heating mode, the bypass valve is completely closed, and the refrigerant or fluid does not pass through the bypass. When the first fluid channel bypass is completely opened, refrigerant from the outlet of the compressor enters the first heat exchanger through the first fluid channel bypass and the first four-way valve to exchange heat with fluid, the refrigerant is condensed and then enters the second heat exchanger through the throttle valve to exchange heat with the fluid, the refrigerant is evaporated, the fluid is cooled, and the evaporated refrigerant returns to the inlet of the compressor through the first four-way valve; when the second fluid channel bypass is completely opened, the refrigerant from the outlet of the compressor passes through the third heat exchanger and then enters the first heat exchanger through the first four-way valve to exchange heat with fluid, the refrigerant is condensed, the condensed refrigerant passes through the throttle valve and enters the second heat exchanger to exchange heat with the fluid, the refrigerant is evaporated and cooled, the evaporated refrigerant returns to the inlet of the compressor through the first four-way valve, the fluid passes through the bypass, and the refrigerant does not exchange heat with the fluid through the third heat exchanger. During dehumidification circulation, the flow of the refrigerant passing through the third heat exchanger is adjusted by the bypass valve of the bypass of the first fluid channel.
5. The system of any one of claims 1-2, wherein the system is an air-cooled heat pump water heater, and the fluid is cold water from a water supply source or circulating water from a hot water storage tank of the water heater.
6. The system according to any one of claims 1-2, wherein the second fluid channel of the second heat exchanger and the second fluid channel of the third heat exchanger are connected in parallel, in series, or in series, and when the fluids are connected in parallel, the two fluids in parallel can be different fluids or the same fluid.
7. The system according to any one of claims 1-2, wherein the second fluid channels of the second heat exchanger and the third heat exchanger are respectively communicated with a first fluid and a second fluid, and the air-cooled heat pump system can be further used for simultaneously cooling and heating, and specifically comprises:
the third heat exchanger of the system of claim 1 is utilized to heat/cool the second heat exchanger, gaseous refrigerant from the outlet of the compressor exchanges heat with the second fluid through the third heat exchanger, the refrigerant is condensed to heat the second fluid passing through the third heat exchanger, the condensed refrigerant enters the first heat exchanger through the first four-way valve, the refrigerant is supercooled or not, then enters the second heat exchanger through the throttle valve to exchange heat with the first fluid, the refrigerant is evaporated, the first fluid passing through the second heat exchanger is cooled, and then the first fluid returns to the inlet of the compressor through the first four-way valve, thereby completing the cycle.
The system of claim 2, wherein a refrigerant from the outlet of the compressor enters the third heat exchanger through the second four-way valve to exchange heat with the second fluid, the refrigerant is condensed to heat the second fluid passing through the third heat exchanger, the condensed refrigerant enters the first heat exchanger through the first four-way valve, the refrigerant is subcooled or not subcooled, then enters the second heat exchanger through the throttle valve to exchange heat with the first fluid, the refrigerant is evaporated to cool the first fluid passing through the second heat exchanger, and then returns to the inlet of the compressor through the first four-way valve and the second four-way valve to complete the cycle.
The second heat exchanger heating/third heat exchanger refrigeration cycle of the system of claim 2, wherein the refrigerant from the outlet of the compressor enters the second heat exchanger through the second four-way valve and the first four-way valve to exchange heat with the first fluid, the refrigerant is condensed to heat the first fluid passing through the second heat exchanger, the condensed refrigerant enters the first heat exchanger after being throttled by the throttle valve, then enters the third heat exchanger through the first four-way valve to exchange heat with the second fluid, the refrigerant is evaporated to cool the second fluid passing through the third heat exchanger, and then returns to the inlet of the compressor through the second four-way valve to complete the cycle.
8. A system according to any of claims 1-4, characterized in that the heat or cold provided by the system is at least partly used for fresh air treatment.
9. The system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein a plurality of heat exchangers are combined in parallel to form a second heat exchanger and/or a plurality of heat exchangers are combined in parallel to form a third heat exchanger, wherein a refrigerant passes through the plurality of heat exchangers in parallel, and the heat exchangers in parallel are used simultaneously or in a time-sharing manner.
10. The system as claimed in claims 1-4, wherein the first fluid passage port or the second fluid passage port of the third heat exchanger is provided with a valve, the valve is opened in the heating mode and closed in the cooling mode, and the valve and the bypass valve are combined to form a two-way valve.
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| CN202110469296.1A CN113218103A (en) | 2021-04-28 | 2021-04-28 | Air-cooled heat pump system |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202110469296.1A CN113218103A (en) | 2021-04-28 | 2021-04-28 | Air-cooled heat pump system |
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