CN113214105B - 一种靶向150-腔的奥司他韦衍生物及其制备方法与应用 - Google Patents
一种靶向150-腔的奥司他韦衍生物及其制备方法与应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN113214105B CN113214105B CN202110499457.1A CN202110499457A CN113214105B CN 113214105 B CN113214105 B CN 113214105B CN 202110499457 A CN202110499457 A CN 202110499457A CN 113214105 B CN113214105 B CN 113214105B
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- C07C233/45—Carboxylic acid amides having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms having the nitrogen atom of at least one of the carboxamide groups bound to a carbon atom of a hydrocarbon radical substituted by carboxyl groups
- C07C233/52—Carboxylic acid amides having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms having the nitrogen atom of at least one of the carboxamide groups bound to a carbon atom of a hydrocarbon radical substituted by carboxyl groups with the substituted hydrocarbon radical bound to the nitrogen atom of the carboxamide group by a carbon atom of a ring other than a six-membered aromatic ring
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种靶向150‑腔的奥司他韦衍生物及其制备方法和应用。所述的衍生物具有通式I或II所示的结构,本发明还公开了奥司他韦衍生物的制备方法,可作为抗流感病毒抑制剂的应用,以及含有一个或多个此类化合物的组合物在制备抗流感病毒药物中的应用。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于有机化合物合成与医药应用技术领域,具体涉及一种靶向150-腔的奥司他韦衍生物的制备方法以及其作为流感病毒神经氨酸酶抑制剂的应用。
背景技术
流行性感冒简称流感(influenza或者flu),是一种由流感病毒引起的具有高致病率和高致死率的呼吸道传染疾病。每年的流感季可造成数百万人的感染,并导致约50万人的死亡。流感病毒根据其核蛋白和基质蛋白抗原决定簇的不同可分为A(甲)型、B(乙)型、C(丙)型、D(丁)型,其中甲型流感病毒最易变异,宿主范围最广,对人类的威胁最大。又根据甲型流感病毒表面蛋白血凝素(Hemagglutinin,HA)和神经氨酸酶(Neuraminidase,NA)的不同,将其细分为HxNy等多种亚型。自20世纪以来,流感发生了数次大规模的流行,其中1918H1N1(Spanish flu)、1957H2N2(Asian flu)、1968H3N2(Hong Kong flu)和2009H1N1(swine flu)四次大规模的爆发给人类的生命安全造成巨大威胁。此外,2013年3月底在上海和安徽两地发现的H7N9型禽流感是全球首次发现的新型流感病毒;H5N8亚型的禽流感病毒也于2016年起在欧洲和亚洲多区域内广泛传播。因此,流感不仅是世界公共卫生领域关注的焦点,也是我国重点防控的病毒性传染疾病。
神经氨酸酶是流感病毒十分重要的功能蛋白,在病毒复制末期发挥着关键作用,是抗流感药物设计的重要靶点。目前唯一的口服NA抑制剂磷酸奥司他韦(oseltamivirphosphate)是临床上治疗流感的首选药物。然而对其产生了耐药性的N1亚型流感病毒在全世界范围内频现,给目前的流感防控形势带来了巨大的潜在威胁,因此开发新型、高效、抗耐药的NA抑制剂具有十分重要的意义。近年来,研究发现Group-1 NA(N1、N4、N5和N8)的活性中心附近存在一个较大的空腔,依据其氨基酸序列将此空腔命名为150-腔,该空腔与活性中心直接连通,可以作为药物设计的辅助结合位点。同时奥司他韦与NA的共晶结构显示,奥司他韦的氨基基团正对着150-腔的的开口处,因此通过对奥司他韦的C-5位氨基进行靶向150-腔的结构修饰,对发现高活性、高选择性及抗耐药且具有自主知识产权的新型抗流感药物具有重要意义。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种靶向150-腔的奥司他韦衍生物及其制备方法,本发明还提供了该类化合物的部分活性筛选结果及其用途。
本发明的技术方案如下:
一、靶向150-腔的奥司他韦衍生物
一种靶向150-腔的奥司他韦衍生物,或其药学上可接受的盐、酯或前药,具有通式I或II所示的结构:
其中,
A为取代的苯环、取代或未取代的萘环、取代或未取代的六元杂环、取代或未取代的五元杂环、取代或未取代的苯并吡咯环、取代或未取代的苯并呋喃环、取代或未取代的苯并噻吩环、C3-C8的环烷烃;所述的取代基选自卤素、硝基、羟基、氨基、三氟甲基、氰基、羧基、C1-C6的烷基、C1-C3的烷氧基。
根据本发明优选的,A为苯环、噻吩环、呋喃环、吡咯环、吡啶环、N-甲基或乙基取代吡咯环、萘环、N-甲基或乙基取代的苯并吡咯环、苯并呋喃环、苯并噻吩环。
根据本发明进一步优选的,靶向150-腔的奥司他韦衍生物是下表中化合物之一:
表1.目标化合物结构
二、靶向150-腔的奥司他韦衍生物的制备方法
本发明靶向150-腔的奥司他韦衍生物的制备方法,以各种含有并环结构的苯甲醛1为原料,在氰基硼氰化钠存在的条件下与奥司他韦磷酸盐发生Borch还原反应,得到中间体2,再依次经氢氧化钠的水解和稀盐酸的酸化最终得到通式I或II目标化合物。
合成路线如下:
反应试剂与反应条件:i)奥司他韦磷酸盐,氰基硼氰化钠,V:V=2:1的甲醇:乙醇,室温;ii)4M氢氧化钠溶液,甲醇,室温,再3M盐酸溶液酸化。
A为上述通式I或II所示。
所述的各种含有并环结构的苯甲醛1为取代或未取代的萘-甲醛、取代或未取代喹啉-甲醛、取代或未取代的苯并吡咯-甲醛、取代或未取代的苯并呋喃-甲醛、取代或未取代的苯并噻吩-甲醛、取代或未取代的芴-2-甲醛、取代或未取代二苯并呋喃-甲醛、取代或未取代二苯并吡咯-甲醛、取代或未取代二苯并呋喃-甲醛、苯并C3-C8环烷烃-甲醛,其中甲醛基位于苯环上化学上可取代的位点。
本发明一种靶向150-腔的奥司他韦衍生物的制备方法,具体步骤如下:
(1)将磷酸奥司他韦(0.82g,2.0mmol)和醛1(2.4mmol,1.2equiv.)溶于30mL甲醇和乙醇(V:V=2:1)的混合液中,搅拌30分钟,加入NaBH3CN(0.31g,5.0mmol,2.5equiv)。将混合物在室温下搅拌6小时。减压除去溶剂,加入饱和碳酸钠(10mL)和水(30mL)。该混合物用乙酸乙酯(3×50mL)萃取,合并有机相,用饱和氯化钠(2×50mL)洗涤,无水硫酸镁干燥,减压浓缩得到粗产物,使用乙酸乙酯:石油醚=1:1(另加1%三乙胺)的体系进行柱层析得到相应的中间体2粗品;
(2)将中间体2(1mmol)溶于20mL甲醇溶液,再滴加入10mL NaOH水溶液(4M)。将反应溶液在室温下搅拌2-3小时。反应完成后减压除去甲醇。将残余物溶于30mL水中,然后用稀盐酸将pH调节至2-3,此过程中有白色固体析出,抽滤,洗涤滤饼,干燥得通式I或II目标化合物。
三、靶向150-腔的奥司他韦衍生物的应用
活性测试结果表明,上述靶向150-腔的奥司他韦衍生物是一系列结构新颖的流感病毒神经氨酸酶抑制剂,部分化合物同时在酶水平和细胞水平表现出显著的抗流感病毒活性,其中化合物3n活性最优,其抑制H1N1、H5N1和H5N8亚型神经氨酸酶的活性较先导化合物达菲活性形式(OSC)提高了15倍、16倍和54倍,其对H1N1和H5N1的H274Y耐药突变株的抑酶活性也优于OSC。此外,3n在细胞水平的抗H5N1和H5N8亚型流感病毒的活性较OSC也分别提高了4倍和10倍。
临床前初步成药性评价结果显示3n具有良好的成药性。在人肝微粒体(HLM)代谢稳定性评价中,经过60分钟孵育后,仍有99.6%的3n保持完整不变;药代动力学试验结果显示3n的口服生物利用度为13.7%,明显高于上市药物达菲。
综上,该类化合物极具进一步研发的价值。
因此,本发明所提供的靶向150-腔的奥司他韦衍生物可作为神经氨酸酶抑制剂用于制备抗流感病毒药物。
一种抗流感的药物组合物,含有上述的靶向150-腔的奥司他韦衍生物及其药学上可接受的盐与药用辅料,制成不同剂型的药物。
具体实施方式
通过下述实例有助于理解本发明,但是不能限制本发明的内容。
实例中所涉及的合成路线及所需原料如下:
反应试剂与反应条件:i)奥司他韦磷酸盐,氰基硼氰化钠,V:V=2:1的甲醇:乙醇,室温;ii)4M氢氧化钠溶液,甲醇,室温,再3M盐酸溶液酸化。
实施例1:(4R,5S)-4-乙酰胺基-5-((萘-2-基甲基)氨基)-3-(戊-3-氧基)环己-1-烯-1-羧酸(3a)的制备
将磷酸奥司他韦(0.82g,2.0mmol)和2-萘甲醛(0.36g,2.4mmol)溶于30mL甲醇和乙醇(V:V=2:1)的混合液中,搅拌30分钟,再加入NaBH3CN(0.31g,5.0mmol,2.5equiv)。室温下反应6小时,减压除去溶剂,加入饱和碳酸钠(10mL)和水(30mL)。该混合物用乙酸乙酯(3×50mL)萃取,合并有机相,用饱和氯化钠(2×50mL)洗涤,无水硫酸镁干燥,减压浓缩得到粗产物,使用乙酸乙酯:石油醚=1:1(另加1%三乙胺)的体系进行柱层析得到相应的中间体2a。
向中间体2a(1mmol)的20mL甲醇溶液中加入10mL NaOH的水溶液(4M)。将反应溶液在室温下搅拌2-3小时。反应完成后减压除去甲醇。将残余物溶于30mL水中,然后用稀盐酸将pH调节至2-3,此过程中有白色固体析出,抽滤,洗涤滤饼,干燥即得目标化合物3a。
白色粉末状固体,总产率70%,mp:178~180℃。
波谱数据:
1H NMR(400MHz,CD3OD)δ8.11(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),8.05–7.91(m,2H),7.68(t,J=6.2Hz,2H),7.64–7.47(m,2H),6.89(s,1H),4.81(d,J=13.8Hz,2H),4.29(dd,J=17.2,6.7Hz,2H),3.85(d,J=5.1Hz,1H),3.55–3.40(m,1H),3.12(dd,J=17.0,4.3Hz,1H),2.84(dd,J=16.7,9.5Hz,1H),2.06(s,3H),1.71–1.38(m,4H),1.09–0.74(m,6H).HRMS:m/z425.2437[M+H]+,C25H32N2O4(424.2362).
实施例2:(3R,4R,5S)-4-乙酰胺基-5-((萘-1-基甲基)氨基)-3-(戊-3-氧基)环己-1-烯-1-羧酸(3b)的制备
化合物3b的制备,操作步骤同实施例1,所不同的是将实施例1中的制备化合物2a的原料替换为1-萘甲醛制备2b,得到2b后再按照相同的后续步骤制备3b。
白色粉末状固体,总收率73%,mp:126~128℃。
波谱数据:
1H NMR(400MHz,CD3OD):δ8.12(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),8.02(t,J=7.5Hz,2H),7.77–7.45(m,4H),6.94(s,1H),4.86(s,2H),4.36–4.25(m,2H),3.85(dd,J=9.8,5.1Hz,1H),3.48(p,J=5.5Hz,1H),3.14(dd,J=17.4,5.2Hz,1H),2.87(dd,J=17.3,9.5Hz,1H),2.07(s,3H),1.65–1.35(m,4H),1.03–0.81(m,6H).HRMS:m/z 425.2440[M+H]+,C25H32N2O4(424.2362).
实施例3:(4R,5S)-4-乙酰胺基-5-((4-溴代萘-1-基)甲基)氨基)-3-(戊-3-氧基)环己-1-烯-1-羧酸(3c)的制备
化合物3c的制备,操作步骤同实施例1,所不同的是将实施例1中的制备化合物2a的原料替换为4-溴-1-萘甲醛制备2c,得到2c后再按照相同的后续步骤制备3c。
淡褐色粉末状固体,总收率41%,mp:170~172℃。
波谱数据:
1H NMR(400MHz,CD3OD)δ8.52–8.25(m,1H),8.16(d,J=9.2Hz,1H),7.87(d,J=7.6Hz,1H),7.72(p,J=6.8Hz,2H),7.49(d,J=7.7Hz,1H),6.86(s,1H),4.66(dd,J=30.2,13.6Hz,2H),4.23(d,J=7.6Hz,1H),4.19–4.10(m,1H),3.57(d,J=5.3Hz,1H),3.44(p,J=5.6Hz,1H),3.07(dd,J=17.3,4.4Hz,1H),2.66(dd,J=17.1,9.4Hz,1H),2.19–1.79(m,3H),1.66–1.44(m,4H),0.89(dt,J=9.7,7.4Hz,6H).HRMS:m/z 503.1538[M+H]+,C25H31BrN2O4(502.1467).
实施例4:(4R,5S)-4-乙酰胺基-3-(戊烷-3-氧基)-5-((喹啉-7-基甲基)氨基)环己-1-烯-1-羧酸(3d)的制备
化合物3d的制备,操作步骤同实施例1,所不同的是将实施例1中的制备化合物2a的原料替换为7-喹啉甲醛制备2d,得到2d后再按照相同的步骤制备3d。
淡黄色粉末状固体,总收率45%,mp:168~170℃。
波谱数据:
1H NMR(400MHz,CD3OD)δ8.99(dd,J=4.3,1.6Hz,1H),8.48(dd,J=8.4,1.5Hz,1H),8.08(d,J=7.7Hz,1H),7.91(d,J=6.9Hz,1H),7.76–7.55(m,2H),6.89(s,1H),4.95(s,1H),4.79(d,J=13.2Hz,1H),4.28(d,J=7.8Hz,1H),4.18(dd,J=10.8,8.1Hz,1H),3.72(td,J=10.1,5.6Hz,1H),3.54–3.39(m,1H),3.31(dt,J=3.2,1.6Hz,2H),3.18(dd,J=17.4,5.5Hz,1H),2.76(ddd,J=14.8,9.8,2.6Hz,1H),2.11(d,J=25.4Hz,3H),1.66–1.38(m,4H),1.07–0.72(m,6H).HRMS:m/z 426.2382[M+H]+,C24H31N3O4(425.2315).
实施例5:(4R,5S)-5-(((1H-吲哚-6-基)甲基)氨基)-4-乙酰胺-3-(戊烷-3-氧基)环己-1-烯-1-羧酸(3e)的制备
化合物3e的制备,操作步骤同实施例1,所不同的是将实施例1中的制备化合物2a的原料替换为吲哚-6-甲醛制备2e,得到2e后再按照相同的步骤制备3e。
白色粉末状固体,总收率82%,mp:189~190℃。
波谱数据:
1H NMR(400MHz,CD3OD)δ7.63(d,J=7.7Hz,1H),7.35(d,J=3.1Hz,1H),7.21(d,J=7.1Hz,1H),7.09(t,J=7.6Hz,1H),6.80(s,1H),6.54(d,J=3.1Hz,1H),4.65(d,J=13.4Hz,1H),4.54(d,J=13.4Hz,1H),4.34–4.11(m,2H),3.59(dd,J=10.1,5.6Hz,1H),3.44(dt,J=11.3,5.6Hz,1H),3.19–2.94(m,1H),2.70(dd,J=17.5,9.5Hz,1H),2.20–1.92(m,3H),1.67–1.35(m,4H),0.89(dd,J=13.4,7.3Hz,6H).HRMS:m/z 414.2389[M+H]+,C23H31N3O4(413.2315).
实施例6:(4R,5S)-5-(((1H-吲哚-5-基)甲基)氨基)-4-乙酰胺-3-(戊烷-3-氧基)环己-1-烯-1-羧酸(3f)的制备
化合物3f的制备,操作步骤同实施例1,所不同的是将实施例1中的制备化合物2a的原料替换为吲哚-5-甲醛制备2f,得到2f后再按照相同的步骤制备3f。
白色粉末状固体,总收率75%,mp:175~177℃。
波谱数据:
1H NMR(400MHz,CD3OD)δ7.70(d,J=0.9Hz,1H),7.50(t,J=18.4Hz,1H),7.31(d,J=3.2Hz,1H),7.21(dd,J=8.4,1.6Hz,1H),6.85(s,1H),6.49(d,J=3.1Hz,1H),4.46(d,J=12.9Hz,1H),4.32(d,J=12.9Hz,1H),4.28–4.16(m,2H),3.59(td,J=10.0,5.4Hz,1H),3.51–3.39(m,1H),3.06(dd,J=17.4,5.4Hz,1H),2.80–2.47(m,1H),2.07(s,3H),1.76–1.40(m,4H),0.90(q,J=7.3Hz,6H).HRMS:m/z 414.2390[M+H]+,C23H31N3O4(413.2315).
实施例7:(4R,5S)-4-乙酰胺基-5-((1-甲基-1H-吲哚-6-基)甲基)氨基)-3-(戊烷-3-氧基)环己-1-烯-1-羧酸(3g)的制备
化合物3g的制备,操作步骤同实施例1,所不同的是将实施例1中的制备化合物2a的原料替换为1-甲基吲哚-6-甲醛制备2g,得到2g后再按照相同的步骤制备3g。
白色粉末状固体,总收率65%,mp:182~183℃。
波谱数据:
1H NMR(400MHz,CD3OD)δ7.63(d,J=8.1Hz,1H),7.54(s,1H),7.25(d,J=3.1Hz,1H),7.13(d,J=8.1Hz,1H),6.87(s,1H),6.47(d,J=3.0Hz,1H),4.51(d,J=12.9Hz,1H),4.37(d,J=12.9Hz,1H),4.22(t,J=7.5Hz,2H),3.85(s,3H),3.60(dt,J=10.2,5.3Hz,1H),3.45(p,J=5.6Hz,1H),3.05(dt,J=28.4,14.2Hz,1H),2.70(dd,J=17.4,9.6Hz,1H),2.04(d,J=23.6Hz,3H),1.63–1.43(m,4H),0.90(dd,J=13.1,7.3Hz,6H).HRMS:m/z428.2539[M+H]+,C24H33N3O4(427.2471).
实施例8:(4R,5S)-4-乙酰胺基-5-((1-乙基-1H-吲哚-5-基)甲基)氨基)-3-(戊烷-3-氧基)环己-1-烯-1-羧酸(3h)的制备
化合物3h的制备,操作步骤同实施例1,所不同的是将实施例1中的制备化合物2a的原料替换为1-乙基-1H-吲哚-5-甲醛制备2h,得到2h后再按照相同的步骤制备3h。
白色粉末状固体,总收率39%,mp:166~168℃。
波谱数据:
1H NMR(400MHz,CD3OD)δ7.68(s,1H),7.48(d,J=8.5Hz,1H),7.31(d,J=3.1Hz,1H),7.27–7.17(m,1H),6.71(s,1H),6.48(d,J=3.0Hz,1H),4.44(d,J=13.0Hz,1H),4.33–4.15(m,4H),4.10(d,J=7.4Hz,1H),3.42(td,J=9.6,4.6Hz,2H),3.02(dd,J=17.5,5.4Hz,1H),2.64(dd,J=17.5,9.2Hz,1H),2.11–1.93(m,3H),1.58–1.45(m,4H),1.41(t,J=7.2Hz,3H),0.88(td,J=7.4,2.3Hz,6H).HRMS:m/z 442.2669[M+H]+,C25H35N3O4(441.2628).
实施例9:(4R,5S)-4-乙酰胺基-5-((苯并呋喃-5-基甲基)氨基)-3-(戊烷-3-氧基)环己-1-烯-1-羧酸(3i)的制备
化合物3i的制备,操作步骤同实施例1,所不同的是将实施例1中的制备化合物2a的原料替换为1-苯并呋喃-5-甲醛制备2i,得到2i后再按照相同的步骤制备3i。
白色粉末状固体,总收率76%,mp:171~172℃。
波谱数据:
1H NMR(400MHz,CD3OD)δ7.80(d,J=23.6Hz,2H),7.59(d,J=8.5Hz,1H),7.46(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),6.93(d,J=19.0Hz,1H),6.84(s,1H),4.50(d,J=12.9Hz,1H),4.37(d,J=13.0Hz,1H),4.35–4.17(m,2H),3.67(td,J=10.4,5.6Hz,1H),3.54–3.41(m,1H),3.07(dd,J=17.2,5.1Hz,1H),2.72(dd,J=17.1,10.4Hz,1H),2.19–1.96(m,3H),1.62–1.39(m,4H),0.90(q,J=7.6Hz,6H).HRMS:m/z 415.2227[M+H]+,C23H30N2O5(414.2155).
实施例10:(4R,5S)-4-乙酰氨基-5-((苯并噻吩-5-基甲基)氨基)-3-(戊-3-氧基)环己-1-烯-1-羧酸(3j)的制备
化合物3j的制备,操作步骤同实施例1,所不同的是将实施例1中的制备化合物2a的原料替换为1-苯并噻吩-5-甲醛制备2j,得到2j后再按照相同的步骤制备3j。
白色粉末状固体,总收率78%,mp:179~181℃。
波谱数据:
1H NMR(400MHz,CD3OD)δ8.01(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),7.68(d,J=5.5Hz,1H),7.46(dd,J=14.0,7.5Hz,2H),6.86(s,1H),4.53(d,J=13.0Hz,1H),4.40(d,J=13.0Hz,1H),4.35–4.16(m,2H),3.68(td,J=10.3,5.6Hz,1H),3.46(p,J=5.6Hz,1H),3.08(dd,J=17.3,5.5Hz,1H),2.80–2.60(m,1H),2.07(s,3H),1.51(ddd,J=21.7,13.9,7.4Hz,4H),0.90(q,J=7.6Hz,6H).HRMS:m/z 431.1999[M+H]+,C23H30N2O4S(430.1962).
实施例11:(4R,5S)-5-(((9H-芴-2-基)甲基)氨基)-4-乙酰胺-3-(戊烷-3-氧基)环己-1-烯-1-羧酸(3k)的制备
化合物3k的制备,操作步骤同实施例1,所不同的是将实施例1中的制备化合物2a的原料替换为芴-2-甲醛制备2k,得到2k后再按照相同的步骤制备3k。
白色粉末状固体,总收率35%,mp:202~204℃。
波谱数据:
1H NMR(400MHz,CD3OD)δ7.89(d,J=7.8Hz,1H),7.84(d,J=7.3Hz,1H),7.68(s,1H),7.57(d,J=7.3Hz,1H),7.49(d,J=7.8Hz,1H),7.35(dt,J=20.4,7.2Hz,2H),6.84(s,1H),4.44(d,J=13.0Hz,1H),4.30(d,J=13.0Hz,1H),4.27–4.15(m,2H),3.94(s,2H),3.69–3.55(m,1H),3.51–3.39(m,1H),3.05(dd,J=17.3,5.2Hz,1H),2.68(dd,J=17.2,10.0Hz,1H),2.15–2.00(m,3H),1.51(dt,J=20.9,6.8Hz,4H),0.90(dd,J=12.8,7.3Hz,6H).HRMS:m/z463.2594[M+H]+,C28H34N2O4(462.2519).
实施例12:(4R,5S)-4-乙酰胺基-5-((9-乙基-9H-咔唑-3-基)甲基)氨基)-3-(戊-3-氧基)环己-1-烯-1-羧酸(3l)的制备
化合物3l的制备,操作步骤同实施例1,所不同的是将实施例1中的制备化合物2a的原料替换为N-乙基咔唑-3-甲醛制备2l,得到2l后再按照相同的步骤制备3l。
白色粉末状固体,总收率64%,mp:202~204℃分解。
波谱数据:
1H NMR(400MHz,CD3OD)δ8.23(s,1H),8.13(d,J=7.8Hz,1H),7.53(dq,J=15.1,8.2Hz,4H),7.23(t,J=7.3Hz,1H),6.83(s,1H),4.54(d,J=13.0Hz,1H),4.43(dt,J=19.7,10.0Hz,3H),4.29–4.17(m,2H),3.60(td,J=9.6,5.8Hz,1H),3.44(p,J=5.5Hz,1H),3.09(dd,J=17.4,5.4Hz,1H),2.71(dd,J=17.4,9.8Hz,1H),2.07(s,3H),1.60–1.45(m,4H),1.38(t,J=7.1Hz,3H),0.90(td,J=7.4,2.7Hz,6H).HRMS:m/z 492.2588[M+H]+,C29H37N3O4(491.2784).
实施例13:(4R,5S)-4-乙酰胺基-5-((二苯并[b,d]呋喃-2-基甲基)氨基)-3-(戊烷-3-氧基)环己-1-烯-1-羧酸(3m)的制备
化合物3m的制备,操作步骤同实施例1,所不同的是将实施例1中的制备化合物2a的原料替换为二苯并[b,d]呋喃-2-甲醛制备2m,得到2m后再按照相同的步骤制备3m。
白色粉末状固体,总收率82%,mp:200℃分解。
波谱数据:
1H NMR(400MHz,CD3OD)δ8.19(s,1H),8.08(d,J=7.6Hz,1H),7.69(d,J=8.5Hz,1H),7.65–7.57(m,2H),7.54(t,J=7.3Hz,1H),7.41(t,J=7.5Hz,1H),6.82(d,J=33.5Hz,1H),4.56(d,J=13.1Hz,1H),4.42(d,J=13.1Hz,1H),4.33–4.16(m,2H),3.71–3.54(m,1H),3.50–3.40(m,1H),3.08(dd,J=17.4,5.6Hz,1H),2.70(dd,J=17.5,9.6Hz,1H),2.07(d,J=11.5Hz,3H),1.53(tt,J=13.8,7.0Hz,4H),0.91(td,J=7.4,5.0Hz,6H).HRMS:m/z465.2384[M+H]+,C27H32N2O5(464.2311).
实施例14:(4R,5S)-4-乙酰氨基-5-((二苯并[b,d]噻吩-2-基甲基)氨基)-3-(戊-3-氧基)环己-1-烯-1-羧酸(3n)的制备
化合物3n的制备,操作步骤同实施例1,所不同的是以实施例1中的制备化合物2a的原料替换为二苯并[b,d]呋喃-2-甲醛制备2n,得到2n后再按照相同的步骤制备3n。
白色粉末状固体,总收率78%,mp:204~205℃。
波谱数据:
1H NMR(400MHz,CD3OD)δ8.40(s,1H),8.30(dd,J=5.8,3.1Hz,1H),7.98(d,J=8.2Hz,1H),7.91(dd,J=5.8,3.1Hz,1H),7.58(d,J=8.1Hz,1H),7.51(dt,J=6.9,3.5Hz,2H),6.86(s,1H),4.57(d,J=13.0Hz,1H),4.43(d,J=13.0Hz,1H),4.33–4.10(m,2H),3.78–3.60(m,1H),3.45(p,J=5.5Hz,1H),3.10(dd,J=17.3,5.3Hz,1H),2.72(dd,J=17.3,9.5Hz,1H),2.07(s,3H),1.52(dt,J=14.6,7.3Hz,4H),0.90(dd,J=12.6,7.3Hz,6H).HRMS:m/z 481.2154[M+H]+,C27H32N2O4S(480.2083).
实施例15:神经氨酸酶(NA)抑制实验
酶活测试原理:
MUNANA(2’-4-methylumbelliferyl-α-N-acetylneuraminate)是流感病毒NA的特异性底物,它在NA的作用下产生的代谢产物在355nm照射光激发下,可以产生460nm的荧光,通过检测荧光强度的变化可以灵敏地反映NA的活性,从而间接地反映了化合物对NA的抑制活性(Anal.Bio-chem.1979,94,287-296)。
实验材料:
移液枪(10μL、100μL、1000μL,Thermo公司);荧光测定96孔板(美国Cosmo公司);恒温孵育箱;Thermo酶标仪;Mili-Q水;吗啉乙磺酸;氯化钙;片状氢氧化钠;甘氨酸;酶底物MUNANA(Sigma);流感毒株(A/PuertoRico/8/1934(H1N1);A/Goose/Guangdong/SH7/2013(H5N1);A/goose/Jiangsu/1306/2014(H5N8);A/Babol/36/2005(H3N2);A/Anhui/1/2005(H5N1-H274Y);A/California/04/2009(H1N1-H274Y))。
测试方法:
酶促反应体系中含有10μL酶溶液、70μL缓冲液(33mmol/L吗啉乙磺酸、4mmol/LCaCl2)、10μL不同浓度的待测化合物溶液,同时设空白组和对照组。37℃条件下孵育10分钟后,加入20μmol/L底物MUNANA 10μL,反应体系总体积100μL,充分混匀。37℃条件下孵育40分钟,加150μL终止液(14mmol/L NaOH),测定荧光强度。设定参数:EX=355nM,EM=460nM。计算抑制率,对抑制率大于50%的化合物进行复筛,计算化合物对酶的半数抑制浓度(IC50),抑制率=(酶值-测定样品酶值)/(酶值-空白)×l00%。
抑酶活性结果见表2。
表2.本发明化合物对H1N1、H3N2、H5N1、H5N8和耐药变异毒株流感病毒神经氨酸酶的抑制活性
注:a IC50:半数抑制浓度;A代表化合物IC50<100nM,B代表化合物IC50的范围为100-500nM,C代表化合物IC50的范围为500-10000nM,D代表化合物IC50>10000nM;阳性药物为奥司他韦羧酸形式。
如表2所示,所有目标化合物对各个亚型的流感病毒NAs表现出了不同程度的抑制活性。其中具有三环体系的化合物3k、3l、3m、3n对NAs的抑制活性最高,且表现出了明显的对Group-1 NAs(N1、N8)的选择性抑制,IC50均小于100nM,超过阳性对照奥司他韦羧酸形式,值得进行深入研究。
实施例16:体外抗流感病毒活性测试(细胞水平)
测试原理:
CCK-8试剂溶液中含有WST-8(2-(2-甲氧基-4-硝基苯基)-3-(4-硝基苯基)-5-(2,4-二磺酸苯)-2H-四唑单钠盐),它在电子载体1-甲氧基-5-甲基酚嗪鎓硫酸甲酯盐(1-Methoxy PMS)的作用下被活细胞中的脱氢酶还原成具有高度水溶性的橙黄色甲瓒产物染料。在一定时间内,被还原而生成的甲瓒产物的数量与活细胞的数量成正比。因此可利用WST-8这种能被定量还原的特性直接检测体系内活细胞的数量。由于被流感病毒感染的细胞在一段时间内会发生病变而死亡,因此向被流感病毒感染的细胞测试体系中加入一定稀释梯度的待检测化合物溶液,在37℃下经过一段时间的孵育后,用CCK-8溶液测定细胞活力,经计算可得到保护50%细胞未产生细胞病变的化合物浓度(EC50),此数值反映了化合物的抗流感病毒活性。同理,也可得到化合物使正常细胞发生病变的浓度(CC50)。
实验材料:
(1)H5N1、H5N8流感病毒毒株。
(2)鸡胚成纤维细胞(CEF)。
测试方法:
将制备好的CEFs溶液(1×105个细胞/mL)以100μL/孔的体积加入96孔细胞板,在细胞培养箱(37℃,5.0%CO2)中孵育24小时后除去培养基,用无血清DMEM洗涤后备用。将50μL 100TCID50的H5N1和H5N8病毒液与不同浓度的化合物溶液混合,孵育1h。将混合液接种到准备好的96孔细胞板中感染CEFs。将接种过禽流感病毒的细胞板在细胞培养箱(37℃,5.0%CO2)中孵育48小时。然后每孔加入10μL CCK-8,孵育90分钟,在酶标仪上读取450nm处的吸光度。抑制剂的EC50值通过拟合细胞病变效应(CPE)与化合物浓度的曲线来确定。阳性对照药物为OSC,同时设置病毒对照和细胞对照。采用CC50值作为新合成的化合物对CEFs的细胞毒性的度量,并用测定EC50相同的方法测定,只是没有进行病毒感染。
实验结果:
按照上述实验方法对具有良好NA抑制活性的靶向150-腔的奥司他韦衍生物进行了细胞水平的抗H5N1和H5N8毒株的活性筛选,所测试的奥司他韦衍生物的CC50均大于300μM。部分新型奥司他韦衍生物的活性结果如表3所示。
表3.部分靶向150-腔的奥司他韦衍生物和阳性对照药物的体外抗流感病毒活性
注:a EC50:保护50%感染禽流感病毒的CEF细胞免于细胞病变的化合物浓度;A代表化合物EC50<1μM,B代表化合物EC50的范围为1-5μM,C代表化合物EC50的范围为5-10μM,C代表化合物EC50>10μM;阳性药物为奥司他韦羧酸。
如表3所示,化合物3m和3n对H5N1亚型的流感病毒的活性优于阳性药物,而针对H5N8亚型的流感病毒,所有测试化合物的活性均优于阳性药物。综上,化合物3n的体外抗流感病毒活性最佳,值得被进一步开发。
实施例17:人肝微粒体稳定性研究
实验材料:
(1)待测试化合物与阳性药物配制成初始浓度为10mM待测储备液。
(2)缓冲液:100mM磷酸钾,pH 7.4;2mM MgCl2+100mM磷酸钾,Ph 7.4。
(3)NADPH:β-烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸四钠盐(NADPH·4Na)。
(4)人肝微粒体溶液:浓度为0.5mg蛋白质/mL。
(5)终止液:冷的ACN溶液,其中内标为100ng/mL甲苯磺丁脲和100ng/mL拉贝洛尔。
测试方法:
(1)准备96孔板,以T0、T5、T10、T20、T30、T60、NCF60和BLACK命名,并向每孔加入10μL待测化合物溶液。
(2)向每孔加入80μL人微粒体溶液,置于37℃下孵育10min。
(3)向NCF60中加入10μL 100mM磷酸钾缓冲液/孔,37℃孵育1h。
(4)预热后,向96孔板中加入90μL/孔的NADPH再生体系溶液,37℃孵育2h。
(5)在0、5、10、20、30、60min时分别向对应孔加入终止液结束反应。
(6)负载样品的96孔板震荡10min,然后4000rpm离心20min,然后进行LC-MS分析测试。
实验结果:
实验结果如表4所示,活性最突出的化合物3n表现出良好的肝微粒体稳定性。其半衰期T1/2大于145min,微粒体中固有清除率CLint(mic)小于9.6μL/min/mg,60分钟后仍有99.6%的3n没有被代谢。
表4.化合物3n的人肝微粒体稳定性测试结果
实施例18:目标化合物的体外药代动力学实验
材料和仪器:
色谱甲醇购自Sigma-Aldrich,纯净水为哇哈哈集团生产;Eppendorf 5415D型离心机;Agilent 1200LC/MSD液相色谱-质谱联用仪;移液枪(IKA);大鼠灌胃针。健康雄性SD大鼠,体重220g。动物在适宜条件下(温度:25±1℃,湿度60±5%)于饲养室饲养1周,期间自由进食和进水。实验前禁食12h,自由进水。实验完毕后所有动物均按照医药科学委员会动物实验职业道德的规定处死动物。
试验方法:
6只雄性SD大鼠随机分成2组,每组3只。给药前禁食12h,自由饮水。化合物3n单次口服剂量为20mg/kg,在给药前以70%的PEG400和30%的生理盐水配制成给药制剂。灌胃后分别在15min、30min、1h、2h、4h、8h和24h,经锁骨静脉窦采血约0.2mL,血样置于肝素化的离心管中,离心15min后,取上清血浆样品保存于-20℃备用。化合物3n进行尾静脉注射试验,剂量2mg/kg。注射后分别在5min、15min、30min、1h、2h、4h、8h、和24h经锁骨静脉窦采血约0.2mL,血样处理同前。
用LC-MS分析方法进行血浆样品中化合物3n浓度的分析测定。使用DAS 2.0药代动力学程序的非房室模型对测定的血浆药-时数据进行拟合分析,计算主要药代动力学参数Cmax、AUC、Tmax、T1/2、CL等参数,并绘制出平均血药浓度-时间曲线。按照如下公式进行生物利用度的计算:
F(%)=[AUC(po)×Div]/[AUC(iv)×Dpo]×100%.
AUC:曲线下面积;D:给药剂量(mg/kg)。
实验结果如表5所示。
表5. 3n的药代动力学研究
a口服剂量为20mg/kg.b尾静脉注射剂量为2mg/kg.
结果显示,在口服给药后,3n具有中等血浆半衰期(T1/2=1.03h),并且化合物的生物利用度为13.7%。
Claims (4)
3.权利要求1任一项所述的靶向150-腔的奥司他韦衍生物在制备抗流感病毒药物中的应用。
4.一种抗流感病毒的药物组合物,包含权利要求1任一项所述的靶向150-腔的奥司他韦衍生物和一种或多种药学上可接受载体或赋形剂。
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