CN113212149A - 混合动力传动系统 - Google Patents

混合动力传动系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113212149A
CN113212149A CN202010081754.XA CN202010081754A CN113212149A CN 113212149 A CN113212149 A CN 113212149A CN 202010081754 A CN202010081754 A CN 202010081754A CN 113212149 A CN113212149 A CN 113212149A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
clutch
electric motor
transmission
internal combustion
combustion engine
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN202010081754.XA
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English (en)
Inventor
许向东
顾捷
石奕
樊林
辛建成
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Delphi Technologies IP Ltd
Delphi Technologies Suzhou Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Delphi Technologies IP Ltd
Delphi Technologies Suzhou Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Delphi Technologies IP Ltd, Delphi Technologies Suzhou Co Ltd filed Critical Delphi Technologies IP Ltd
Priority to CN202010081754.XA priority Critical patent/CN113212149A/zh
Priority to EP21750023.0A priority patent/EP4101675A4/en
Priority to US17/760,167 priority patent/US20230049565A1/en
Priority to PCT/CN2021/075292 priority patent/WO2021155823A1/zh
Publication of CN113212149A publication Critical patent/CN113212149A/zh
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/02—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of clutch
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/26—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the motors or the generators
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B60K6/387—Actuated clutches, i.e. clutches engaged or disengaged by electric, hydraulic or mechanical actuating means
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/40—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the assembly or relative disposition of components
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种混合动力传动系统，包括：具有曲轴的内燃机；第一电动机(14)，该第一电动机(14)是外转子电动机，其具有与所述曲轴刚性连接并与所述曲轴一起旋转的外转子(14.2)；具有输入轴(20)的变速器(15)；和离合器(18)，所述离合器布置在所述第一电动机(14)和所述变速器(15)之间并且与所述变速器的输入轴(20)联接，其中，所述离合器(18)构造成能在以下两个位置之间切换：接合位置，其中所述离合器(18)与所述外转子(14.2)接合；和分离位置，其中所述离合器(18)与所述外转子(14.2)分离。本发明的结构简单、效率高且制造和维护成本低。

Description

混合动力传动系统
技术领域
本发明涉及机动车辆领域。更具体地，本发明涉及混合动力汽车，尤其涉及用于混合动力汽车的动力传动系统。
背景技术
由于对二氧化碳排放的法规越来越严格，以及人们对环境问题的意识不断增强，新能源汽车越来越受欢迎。新能源汽车包括混合动力和纯电系统，其中相对于纯电系统，混合动力在续航里程、使用便捷、后续维护等方面具有更大的优势。
混合动力系统包含使用了传统内燃机和电动机为车辆提供动力的动力构架。其中，电动机可以被布置在如下几个位置：
P0:电动机被布置在内燃机前端，并过皮带等连接装置与内燃机发动机；
P1:电动机被布置在内燃机后端，并与内燃机曲轴连接；
P2:电动机被布置在内燃机和变速器之间，通过离合器连接；
P3:电动机被布置在变速器和差速器之间；以及
P4:电动机被布置在车辆后桥。
在这些布置中，P1/P3双电动机混合动力系统引起了人们的兴趣。传统的P1/P3系统包括一个内燃机、两个电动机、变速器和离合器。其中，第一电动机直接连接至发动机曲轴，离合器设置在第一电动机和变速器之间，以使第一电动机能与变速器分离和结合。第二电动机设置在变速器的下游且与变速器连接。
这样的混合动力配置允许车辆在中低速行驶时候，离合器使第一电动机和变速器分离，仅通过第二电动机驱动汽车；车辆在高速运行时候，离合器使第一电动机和变速器结合，通过内燃机驱动汽车。其中，当离合器分离时，内燃机仍可以工作可用于驱动第一电动机并产生动力。
然而，在现有混合动力传动系统通常把电动机设置在变速器的齿轮箱里面，作为一个整体进行布置。这样，内燃机和电动机之间的连接并非刚性连接，例如通过扭矩减震装置进行连接。由此，在现有系统中，需要特殊设计的带有液压机构的离合器对其进行匹配，导致整个系统的结构设计变得复杂且成本高昂。
此外，为了满足更高排放和环保要求，内燃机停缸技术被逐步采用。该技术也称为可变排量技术，是指内燃机在部分负荷下运行时，通过相关机构切断部分气缸的燃油供给、点火和进排气，停止其工作，使剩余工作气缸负荷率增大，以提高效率，降低燃油消耗。然而该技术一直无法顺利与混合动力系统进行匹配，尤其是在内燃机在低燃烧密度的情况下，动力输出出现较大波动并由此产生大量抖动，从而降低整个系统的运行可靠性和减少使用寿命。在这种情况下，现有技术中的混合动力传动系统，无法很好地与停缸技术匹配。
发明内容
值得注意的是，本发明的目的在于克服背景技术中已经发现的一个或多个缺点。
为了这个目的，本发明提出一种混合动力传动系统，其包括：
-具有曲轴的内燃机；
-第一电动机，该第一电动机是外转子电动机，其具有与所述曲轴刚性连接并与所述曲轴一起旋转的外转子。
-具有输入轴的变速器；和
-离合器，所述离合器布置在所述第一电动机和所述变速器之间并且与所述变速器的输入轴联接，其中，所述离合器被构造成能在以下两个位置之间切换：
-接合位置，其中所述离合器与所述外转子接合；和
-分离位置，其中所述离合器与所述外转子分离。
根据上述设置，根据本发明的混合动力传动系统可以更好地匹配到现有的内燃机，并能使用结构更为简单的常规离合器。这样就能提高系统的工作效率并降低系统的复杂性和制造成本。
进一步地，根据本发明的混合动力传动系统的一个实施例，本发明中的离合器是单片离合器。
可选地，该单片离合器包括单片离合片和离合器致动器，其中，所述离合器致动器可以为简单的手动式机械装置，适于在所述离合器处于所述接合位置时使所述单片离合片与所述外转子接合，以及当所述离合器处于所述分离位置时，将所述单片离合片与所述外转子分离。这样，本发明不再需要现有技术中采用的例如多片式带有液压致动器的离合器。使得结构简单体积小巧的机械式单片离合器能被运用在本发明中，从而降低制造成本。
进一步地，所述变速器还包括输出轴、驱动齿轮、差速器齿轮和副轴。其中，所述输出轴为圆柱形并与所述输入轴同轴地布置以绕所述输入轴旋转；所述传动齿轮布置在所述输入轴上；所述副轴具有副轴齿轮，其中所述驱动齿轮通过所述副轴上的副轴齿轮与所述差速器齿轮相连。
可选地，所述变速器还包括同步器以及换挡致动器，其中所述同步器布置在所述输出轴上；所述换挡致动器被构造成能致动所述同步器，以使所述输入轴与所述输出轴接合或分离，从而平稳地同步变速器输入轴和输出轴的转动速度，以避免两者由于过大的转速差而导致撞击和损坏。
可选地，所述变速器还包括布置在所述输出轴上的驻车棘爪和驻车锁致动器，其中所述驻车锁致动器适于与所述驻车棘爪接合或脱离，以锁定和解锁所述输出轴的旋转。
进一步地，根据本发明的混合动力传动系统还包括第二电动机，其被布置在所述变速器的下游并且与所述变速器联接。其中，第二电动机与变速器之间还可以额外设置第二离合器。
进一步地，在根据本发明的混合动力传动系统中，内燃发动机包括连接至所述曲轴的多个气缸，并且还包括气缸停用装置，其能成选择性地使部分所述气缸停用。
进一步地，根据本发明的混合动力传动系统还包括中央处理单元，所述中央处理单元被配置为以下列操作模式之一操作所述系统：
-纯电行驶模式(亦称为EV模式)，其中，所述内燃机和所述第一电动机不参与车辆动力输出，仅所述第二电动机参与动力输出；
-混合动力驱动模式，其中，所述内燃机、所述第一电动机和所述第二电动机共同参与动力输出；
-直接驱动模式，其中，所述第二电动机不参与动力输出，并且所述内燃发动机和所述第一电动机参与动力输出。
本发明其他方面的特点和优点将在下面具体实施方式中讨论，本领域技术人员基于以下实施例能够清楚地知道本发明的内容，以及所获得的技术效果。
附图说明
应理解的是，在本发明中，除明显矛盾或不兼容的情况外，全部特征、变形方式和/或具体实施例可以根据多种组合相结合。
通过阅读以下作为非限制性说明的具体实施例，并结合附图，本发明的其它特征和优点将显而易见，图中：
-图1是根据本发明的混合动力传动系统的示意图。
-图2是图1中内燃机曲轴、第一电动机和离合器部分的放大图。
-图3a至3c是根据本发明的混合动力传动系统的不同工作模式示意图。
具体实施方式
以下是根据本发明的示例性实施例。下文中的相关定义近用于描述示例性实施例，而不是为了限制本发明的范围。由于这里描述的实施例是示例性的，它们也能被扩展至涉及本发明功能、目的和/或结构的修改。
图1和图2示出了根据发明的混合动力传动系统10的实施例，其具有P1/P3双电动机混合动力配置。具体来说，该混合动力系统10包括一台带有曲轴12的内燃机、第一电动机14和第二电动机16。其中，第一和第二电动机分别具有各自的定子14.1和16.1，以及各自的转子14.2和16.2。它们能以电动机和发电动机模式运作。
该混合动力系统10进一步包括离合器18和变速器15，其中离合器18与变速器15连接，变速器15具有多个齿轮，这些齿轮最终通过差速器连接至一对与车轮(未示出)连接的驱动轴(半轴)40。
第一电动机14被布置在内燃机后端，与内燃机的曲轴12刚性连接。在本发明中，第一电动机为外转子电动机，其转子14.2位于定子14.1的外侧并围绕该定子旋转，外转子14.2被刚性固定至内燃机的飞轮以便与曲轴12刚性连接，或者替代飞轮直接与曲轴12刚性连接.
离合器18布置在第一电动机和变速器之间。该离合器优选为单片离合器。如图2所示，其包括离合器壳18.1、离合器膜片弹簧18.2、离合器压盘18.3和离合器摩擦片18.4等部件。
其中,离合器壳18.1与第一电动机的外转子之间形成一个腔体，在该腔体内布置有离合器膜片弹簧18.2、离合器压盘18.3和离合器摩擦片18.4。
离合器压盘18.3和离合器摩擦片18.4为圆盘形并同轴设置。压盘18.3与离合器膜片弹簧18.2结合并能一起旋转，以便形成离合器的主动部分。离合器摩擦片18.4，位于外转子14.2和离合器压盘18.3之间。在本发明中，采用单片式离合片，以便整体结构的简化。
进一步地，离合器摩擦片18.4的中央还包括有扭矩阻尼器和从动盘18.6，其中扭矩阻尼器包括多个扭转减震器弹簧18.5。
该离合器18还包括离合器驱动器18.8，控制压盘分离机构，例如离合器分离拔叉18.7，以控制离合器的结合和分离。
如图2所示，在离合器驱动器18.6工作时候，沿着方向R推动离合器分离拔叉18.7构，从而使得离合器膜片弹簧18.2产生弹性形变，由此使离合器压盘18.3不对离合器摩擦片片18.4产生压力，导致离合器摩擦片18.4外转子14.2脱离。在这种情况下，离合器18处于分离位置，内燃机的动力不会通过曲轴12和外转子14.2传递给离合器18。在离合器驱动器18.8不工作时候，离合器分离拔叉18.7不再使得膜片弹簧18.2产生形变，由此膜片弹簧18.2通过弹簧力压住离合器压盘18.3，由此使得压盘18.3对离合器摩擦片18.4施加压力，导致摩擦片18.4与外转子14.2耦合。在这种情况下，离合器18处于结合位置，内燃机的动力能通过曲轴12和外转子14.2传给离合器摩擦片18.4，使得离合片18.4能与外转子14.2一起旋转，以便通过离合器18把动力传递给变速器15。同时，当离合器18处于结合位置，离合器摩擦片18.4的摩擦力矩传递至扭矩阻尼器的减震弹簧18.5，借助这些减震弹簧来消耗扭转振动的能量，从而使得扭转振动迅速衰减，然后再把动力平顺地传递至从动盘18.6，减小传动系统所受的交变应力。
从动盘18.6中心设置有连接孔，例如花键孔，用于与变速器15连接。变速器15包括输入轴20起通过从动盘18.6的连接孔与离合器18连接。例如，该输入轴20包括能插入并固定在花键孔中的花键轴，从而使得输入轴20能与离合器摩擦片18.4固定并一同旋转。
变速器15还包括输出轴30、驱动齿轮15.1、差速器齿轮15.3和副轴15.8。其中，输出轴30为圆柱形并与所述输入轴20同轴地布置以绕所述输入轴20旋转；驱动齿轮15.1布置在输出轴30上。副轴15.8具有齿轮15.2a、15.2b，其中驱动齿轮15.1通过副轴上的齿轮15.2a、15.2b与所述差速器齿轮3相连。通过这样的设置，从输入轴20输入的扭矩能通过输出轴30、驱动齿轮15.1、副轴齿轮15.2a、15.2b和差速齿轮15.3最终传递至驱动轴40，以便驱动安装在驱动轴上的车轮(未示出)。
可选地，变速器15还包括同步器16以及换挡致动器19。其中同步器16布置在输出轴30上，换挡致动器19被构造成能在空挡位置N和驱动位置D之间致动所述同步器。在空挡位置N上，输入轴20与输出轴30分离，输入轴20的转动扭矩不会传递至输出轴30。在驱动位置D上，输入轴20与输出轴30结合，输入轴20的转动扭矩传递至输出轴30。优选地，换挡致动器19为电控致动器。
可选地，变速器15还包括布置在输出轴30上的驻车棘爪13和驻车锁致动器11。其中驻车锁致动器11适于与所述驻车棘爪13接合或脱离，以在驻车时候锁定和解锁所述输出轴30的旋转。
优选地，第二电动机16位于变速器15的下游并与其联接。在本实施例中，第二电动机16通过齿轮15.4与副轴齿轮15.2a连接。可选地，在第二电动机16与变速器15之间还可以额外设置第二离合器(未示出)。
优选地，内燃机具有多气缸以及气缸停用装置，该气缸停用装置可以根据发动机工况选择性地停用部分气缸，以便控制废弃排放，降低油耗。
此外，根据本发明的混合动力传动系统还包括中央处理单元(未示出)，其被配置成能以下列操作模式之一操作本系统：
纯电行驶模式，其中，所述内燃机和所述第一电动机不参与车辆动力输出，仅所述第二电动机参与动力输出。如图3a所示，在该模式下，仅第二电动机输出扭矩，通过与之连接的变速器，把扭矩传递至半轴40，以便驱动车轮。图中的箭头表示扭矩在动力系统中传递的路径。该模式适合尤其适用于车辆低速工况，即车速小于50公里每小时的情况。与此同时，内燃机可以选择性地工作并驱动第一电动机进行发电并把其存储在车载电池内。
混合动力驱动模式，其中，所述内燃机、所述第一电动机和所述第二电动机同时进行动力输出。如图3b所示，在该模式下，内燃机输出的动力部分用于第一电动机的发电，部分动力通过变速器驱动车轮，第二电动机也参与工作输出扭矩，使得车辆具有充沛的动力。图中的箭头表示扭矩在动力系统中传递的路径。该模式适合尤其适用于车辆中高速工况，即车速在50至120公里每小时的情况。
直接驱动模式，其中，所述第二电动机不工作，并且所述内燃发动机和所述第一电动机工作。如图3c所示，在该模式下，仅内燃机参与车轮的动力提供，其工作模式与普通燃油车类似，第二电动机不再提供扭矩输出。图中的箭头表示扭矩在动力系统中传递的路径。该模式适合尤其适用于车辆高速工况，即车速大于120公里每小时的情况。
本发明中内燃机的曲轴与第一电动机之间刚性连接，由此能进行直接且迅速的双向扭矩传递。此外，通过采用外转子电动机，使得本发明更能与采用气缸停用技术的内燃机相匹配。由此能更进一步地降低油耗，提高混合动力系统的效率。此外，由于本发明结构简单，允许采用多种低成本的部件，例如单片式离合器、自动机械变速器等，使得整体制造成本降低，并有利于后期维护。
本领域技术人员掌握多种实施例及多种变形及改进。尤其是，需明确的是，除明显矛盾或不兼容的情况外，本发明所记载的特征、变形方式和/或具体实施例可以相互结合。所有这些实施例及变形及改进都属于本发明的保护范围。

Claims (10)

1.一种混合动力传动系统，包括：
具有曲轴的内燃机；
第一电动机(14)，该第一电动机(14)是外转子电动机，其具有与所述曲轴刚性连接并与所述曲轴一起旋转的外转子(14.2)；
具有输入轴(20)的变速器(15)；和
离合器(18)，所述离合器布置在所述第一电动机(14)和所述变速器(15)之间并且与所述变速器的输入轴(20)联接，其中，所述离合器(18)构造成能在以下两个位置之间切换：
接合位置，其中所述离合器(18)与所述外转子(14.2)接合；和
分离位置，其中所述离合器(18)与所述外转子(14.2)分离。
2.根据权利要求1所述的混合动力传动系统，其特征在于，所述离合器是单片离合器。
3.根据权利要求2所述的混合动力传动系统，其特征在于，所述离合器包括单片离合片和离合器致动器，其中，所述离合器致动器适于在所述离合器处于所述接合位置时使所述单片离合片与所述外转子接合，以及当所述离合器处于所述分离位置时，将所述单片离合片与所述外转子分离。
4.根据权利要求2所述的混合动力传动系统，其特征在于，所述离合器包括与所述单片离合片成一体的扭矩阻尼器，其中，所述扭矩阻尼器包括花键孔，并且所述变速器包括花键轴，所述花键轴与所述输入轴联接并啮合到所述花键孔中。
5.根据权利要求1所述的混合动力传动系统，其特征在于，所述变速器包括输出轴、驱动齿轮(15.1)、差速器齿轮(15.3)和副轴(15.8)，其中，所述输出轴为圆柱形并与所述输入轴同轴地布置以绕所述输入轴旋转；所述驱动齿轮(15.1)布置在所述输出轴上；所述副轴具有齿轮(15.2a、15.2b)，其中所述驱动齿轮(15.1)通过所述副轴上的齿轮(15.2a、15.2b)与所述差速器齿轮(15.3)相连。
6.根据权利要求5所述的混合动力传动系统，其特征在于，所述变速器还包括同步器以及换挡致动器，其中所述同步器布置在所述输出轴上；所述换挡致动器构造成能致动所述同步器，以使所述输入轴与所述输出轴接合或分离。
7.根据权利要求6所述的混合动力传动系统，其特征在于，所述变速器还包括布置在所述输出轴上的驻车棘爪和驻车锁致动器，其中所述驻车锁致动器适于与所述驻车棘爪接合或脱离，以锁定和解锁所述输出轴的旋转。
8.根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的混合动力传动系统，其特征在于，其还包括第二电动机(MG2)，所述第二电动机布置在所述变速器的下游并且与所述变速器联接。
9.根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的混合动力传动系统，其特征在于，所述内燃发动机包括连接至所述曲轴的多个气缸，并且包括构造成选择性地使部分所述气缸停用的气缸停用装置。
10.根据权利要求8所述的混合动力传动系统，其特征在于，其还包括中央处理单元，所述中央处理单元被配置为以下列操作模式之一操作所述系统：
纯电行驶模式，其中，所述内燃机和所述第一电动机不参与车辆动力输出，仅所述第二电动机参与动力输出；
混合动力驱动模式，其中，所述内燃机、所述第一电动机和所述第二电动机共同参与动力输出；以及
直接驱动模式，其中，所述第二电动机不参与车辆动力输出，并且所述内燃发动机和所述第一电动机参与动力输出工作。
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