CN113211919B - 一种高阻隔性集装液袋及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种高阻隔性集装液袋及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种高阻隔性集装液袋及其制备方法，属于包装运输技术领域，其包括外膜和热合相接在外膜内壁上的内膜，其特征在于：所述内膜为降解膜，降解膜中设有阻隔层，降解膜除阻隔层外的降解专用料由PBAT、聚乳酸、聚丁二酸丁二酯、扩链剂、第一抗氧剂和水合铝碳酸镁构成；所述外膜为改性聚乙烯膜，外膜的内壁为热合层，热合层由热合专用料制成，热合专用料由低密度聚乙烯、乙烯与醋酸乙烯共聚物、第二抗氧剂和润滑剂构成。此包装液袋在使用后能够只剥离粘附被包装物的可降解内膜，外膜再次使用，避免环境污染；同时提高了液袋的阻隔性，降低透气率，延长了被包装物的保存周期。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于包装运输技术领域，具体涉及一种高阻隔性集装液袋及其制备方法。
背景技术
集装箱液袋是一种新型的能够储存和运输各种非危险液体货物的软体包装容器，又叫吨袋或吨桶。由于没有空箱、空车返运费和清洗费用，并能有效避免货物交叉污染，比罐车、罐箱更有优势，因此在油脂、糖浆和红酒等非危险液体货物储运领域得到广泛应用。
现有的集装箱液袋主要包括两种：一种由传统的石油基塑料聚乙烯PE膜制成，中国实用新型专利201620798911.8公开了一种新型IBC立方体内衬袋，其袋体采用热合法将两层PE膜热合，袋体在灌装液体后为立方体；袋体的顶部设有三条热合线，中间横向热压有顶部横封热合线，两个对角方向分别热压有对角热合线；袋体底部所有膜通过一道底部横封热合线热合，四个边角部分不容纳灌装物且不做修剪，对袋体起到增强作用。另一种由两层以上内外设置的材料构成，中国实用新型专利201120146729.1公开了集装箱液袋，其包括外层聚丙烯编织布的框架和套装在内部的两个互相连通的液袋内腔，另有阀门设置在外层聚丙烯编织布上，阀门的另一端穿过外层聚丙烯编织布与内层液袋的内腔相连通，所用内层液袋包括上层液袋内腔和位于上层液袋内腔下方的下层液袋内腔，所述上层液袋内腔固定连接处的下部外壁上设有多个上连通孔，所述的下层液袋内腔固定连接处的上部外壁上设有多个与上连通孔相对应的下连通孔。
上述两种液袋均是以聚乙烯或聚丙烯为主题材质，不仅存在阻隔性能差、透氧透气率高的弊端，还由于膜上沾染大量的液体，液袋的回收利用难度很大，处理起来成本很高，废弃又会造成极大生态环境破坏。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种高阻隔性集装液袋及其制备方法，使用后能够只剥离粘附被包装物的可降解内膜，外膜再次使用，避免环境污染；同时提高了液袋的阻隔性。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明的技术方案是：设计一种高阻隔性集装液袋，包括外膜和热合相接在外膜内壁上的内膜，其特征在于：所述内膜为降解膜，降解膜中设有阻隔层，降解膜除阻隔层外的降解专用料由PBAT、聚乳酸、聚丁二酸丁二酯、扩链剂、第一抗氧剂和水合铝碳酸镁构成；
所述外膜为改性聚乙烯膜，外膜的内壁为热合层，热合层由热合专用料制成，热合专用料由低密度聚乙烯、乙烯与醋酸乙烯共聚物、第二抗氧剂和润滑剂构成。
优选的，所述改性聚乙烯膜由外层、中间层和作为内层的热合层构成，外层和中间层的原料均为低密度聚乙烯和茂金属聚乙烯；
外层中，低密度聚乙烯占外层总质量的65～75%，余量为茂金属聚乙烯；
中间层中，低密度聚乙烯占中间层总质量的75～85%，余量为茂金属聚乙烯。
优选的，所述外层占改性聚乙烯膜总厚度的35～45%，中间层占改性聚乙烯膜总厚度的35～45%，剩余为热合层的厚度。
优选的，所述热合专用料中，低密度聚乙烯、乙烯与醋酸乙烯共聚物、第二抗氧剂与润滑剂的质量比为50:50:0.2:0.1。
优选的，所述改性聚乙烯膜的厚度为0.08～0.12mm，降解膜的厚度为0.05～0.08mm。
优选的，所述降解专用料中，PBAT、聚乳酸、聚丁二酸丁二酯、扩链剂、第一抗氧剂和水合铝碳酸镁的质量比为95～105:8～12:4～6:0.1:0.2:0.1。
优选的，所述阻隔层由阻隔专用料制成，阻隔专用料由聚甲基乙撑碳酸酯、乙烯与乙烯醇共聚物和第一抗氧剂构成，聚甲基乙撑碳酸酯、乙烯与乙烯醇共聚物和第一抗氧剂的质量比为50:50:0.2。
优选的，所述降解膜由外层、阻隔层和内层构成，内层和外层均由降解专用料制成，外层占降解膜总厚度的35～45%，内层占降解膜总厚度的35～45%，剩余为阻隔层的厚度。
本发明还提供了一种制备高阻隔性集装液袋的制备方法，其特征在于：包括以下步骤：
（1）第一造粒：将低密度聚乙烯与茂金属聚乙烯混合，得第一混合料，低密度聚乙烯占第一混合料总质量的65～75%，然后将第一混合料在180～210度进行造粒，制得第一原料；
（2）第二造粒：将低密度聚乙烯与茂金属聚乙烯混合，得第二混合料，低密度聚乙烯占第二混合料总质量的75～85%，然后将第二混合料在180～210度进行造粒，制得第二原料；
（3）第三造粒：将低密度聚乙烯、乙烯与醋酸乙烯共聚物、第二抗氧剂和润滑剂按质量比50:50:0.2:0.1混合，得第三混合料，然后将第三混合料在180度进行造粒，制得热合专用料；
（4）制备外膜：将步骤（1）制得的第一原料、步骤（2）制得的第二原料和步骤（3）制得的热合专用料经过三层共挤吹制成改性聚乙烯膜，第一原料、第二原料和热合专用料对应形成改性聚乙烯膜的外层、中间层和内层；
（5）第四造粒：将PBAT、聚乳酸、聚丁二酸丁二酯、扩链剂、第一抗氧剂和水合铝碳酸镁按质量比95～105:8～12:4～6:0.1:0.2:0.1共混改性，得第四混合料，然后将第四混合料在180度进行造粒，制得降解专用料；
（6）第五造粒：将聚甲基乙撑碳酸酯、乙烯与乙烯醇共聚物和第一抗氧剂按质量比50:50:0.2混合，得第五混合料，然后将第五混合料在180度进行造粒，制得阻隔专用料；
（7）制备内膜：将步骤（5）制得的降解专用料和步骤（6）制得的阻隔专用料经过三层共挤吹制成降解膜，降解专用料形成降解膜的内层和外层，阻隔专用料形成位于内层和外层中间的阻隔层；
（8）热合：将步骤（7）制得的降解膜热合焊接到步骤（4）制得的改性聚乙烯膜的内壁上形成液袋膜，再用液袋膜制成集装液袋，降解膜作为集装液袋的内壁。
优选的，所述第一抗氧剂为抗氧剂168，第二抗氧剂为抗氧剂B245，所述扩链剂为ADR扩链剂，所述润滑剂为介酸酰胺。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是：
1、由于外膜采用强度高、耐穿刺性好的聚乙烯为主体，并采用乙烯与醋酸乙烯共聚物对外膜的内层进行改性，使其既与非极性的聚乙烯相容，又能与极性的降解膜相容，从而能将外膜能与作为内膜的降解膜相热合在一起，形成高强度的液袋膜，使用后可将降解膜去掉，能够自然降解，而外膜则可以再次复合降解膜或者作为它用，使其循环利用，从而避免了白色污染；并且降解膜中设置了阻隔层，降低透气率，延长了被包装物的保存周期。
2、改性聚乙烯膜特定成分的三层结构使其在能够与内膜相热合的同时，进一步优化了外膜的整体性能，满足作为液袋使用的高强度需求。
3、特定配方的降解膜则能与外膜的热合层相配合，增强外膜与内膜间的热合性能，增强热合强度，利于维持液袋的整体强度。
4、本发明构想独特，能够将聚乙烯膜和降解膜热合在一起，从而能够循环利用，减少了白色污染，便于在行业内推广应用。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施方式对本发明作进一步详细描述。
本发明将靠近集装液袋内腔的一侧定义为内侧，相应地将远离集装液袋内腔的另一侧定义为外侧。
实施例一
经由以下步骤制得液袋：
（1）第一造粒：将低密度聚乙烯与茂金属聚乙烯混合均匀，得第一混合料，低密度聚乙烯占第一混合料总质量的65%，然后将第一混合料在180度进行造粒，制得第一原料；
（2）第二造粒：将低密度聚乙烯与茂金属聚乙烯混合均匀，得第二混合料，低密度聚乙烯占第二混合料总质量的75%，然后将第二混合料在180度进行造粒，制得第二原料；
（3）第三造粒：将低密度聚乙烯、乙烯与醋酸乙烯共聚物、抗氧剂B245和介酸酰胺润滑剂按质量比50:50:0.2:0.1混合均匀，得第三混合料，然后将第三混合料在180度进行造粒，制得热合专用料；
（4）制备外膜：将步骤（1）制得的第一原料、步骤（2）制得的第二原料和步骤（3）制得的热合专用料经过三层共挤吹制成厚度为0.08mm的改性聚乙烯膜，第一原料形成改性聚乙烯膜的外层，第二原料形成改性聚乙烯膜的中间层，热合专用料形成改性聚乙烯膜的内层；其中，外层占改性聚乙烯膜总厚度的35%，中间层占改性聚乙烯膜总厚度的45%，剩余为热合层的厚度。
（5）第四造粒：将PBAT、聚乳酸、聚丁二酸丁二酯、ADR扩链剂、抗氧剂168和水合铝碳酸镁按质量比95:8:4:0.1:0.2:0.1进行共混改性，得第四混合料，然后将第四混合料在180度进行造粒，制得降解专用料；
（6）第五造粒：将聚甲基乙撑碳酸酯、乙烯与乙烯醇共聚物和抗氧剂168按质量比50:50:0.2混合均匀，得第五混合料，然后将第五混合料在180度进行造粒，制得阻隔专用料；
（7）制备内膜：将步骤（5）制得的降解专用料和步骤（6）制得的阻隔专用料经过三层共挤吹制成厚度为0.05mm的降解膜，降解专用料形成降解膜的内层和外层，阻隔专用料形成位于内层和外层中间的阻隔层；其中，外层占降解膜总厚度的35%，内层占降解膜总厚度的45%，剩余为阻隔层的厚度。
（8）热合：将步骤（7）制得的降解膜的两端与步骤（4）制得的改性聚乙烯膜内壁的两端热合焊接在一起，形成液袋膜，再用液袋膜制成集装液袋，降解膜作为液袋的内壁。由液袋膜制备集装液袋的具体工艺同现有技术中用聚乙烯膜制备液袋，已是成熟的现有技术，故在此不再详细赘述。
实施例二
本实施例与实施例一的不同之处在于：
步骤（1）中，低密度聚乙烯占第一混合料总质量的75%，然后将第一混合料在210度进行造粒，制得第一原料；
步骤（2）中，低密度聚乙烯占第二混合料总质量的85%，然后将第二混合料在210度进行造粒，制得第二原料；
步骤（4）中，改性聚乙烯膜的厚度为0.12mm，外层占改性聚乙烯膜总厚度的45%，中间层占改性聚乙烯膜总厚度的35%，剩余为热合层的厚度。
步骤（5）中，将PBAT、聚乳酸、聚丁二酸丁二酯、ADR扩链剂、抗氧剂168和水合铝碳酸镁按质量比105: 12: 6:0.1:0.2:0.1进行共混改性。
步骤（7）中，降解膜的厚度为0.08mm，外层占降解膜总厚度的45%，内层占降解膜总厚度的35%，剩余为阻隔层的厚度。其余均同实施例一。
实施例三
本实施例与实施例一的不同之处在于：
步骤（1）中，低密度聚乙烯占第一混合料总质量的70%，然后将第一混合料在195度进行造粒，制得第一原料；
步骤（2）中，低密度聚乙烯占第二混合料总质量的80%，然后将第二混合料在195度进行造粒，制得第二原料；
步骤（4）中，改性聚乙烯膜的厚度为0.1mm，外层占改性聚乙烯膜总厚度的40%，中间层占改性聚乙烯膜总厚度的40%，剩余为热合层的厚度。
步骤（5）中，将PBAT、聚乳酸、聚丁二酸丁二酯、ADR扩链剂、抗氧剂168和水合铝碳酸镁按质量比100:10:5:0.1:0.2:0.1进行共混改性。
步骤（7）中，降解膜的厚度为0.065mm，外层占降解膜总厚度的40%，内层占降解膜总厚度的40%，剩余为阻隔层的厚度。其余均同实施例一。
实施例四
本实施例与实施例一的不同之处在于：
步骤（1）中，低密度聚乙烯占第一混合料总质量的70%，然后将第一混合料在195度进行造粒，制得第一原料；
步骤（2）中，低密度聚乙烯占第二混合料总质量的80%，然后将第二混合料在195度进行造粒，制得第二原料；
步骤（4）中，改性聚乙烯膜的厚度为0.1mm，外层占改性聚乙烯膜总厚度的45%，中间层占改性聚乙烯膜总厚度的45%，剩余为热合层的厚度。
步骤（5）中，将PBAT、聚乳酸、聚丁二酸丁二酯、ADR扩链剂、抗氧剂168和水合铝碳酸镁按质量比100:10:5:0.1:0.2:0.1进行共混改性。
步骤（7）中，降解膜的厚度为0.065mm，外层占降解膜总厚度的45%，内层占降解膜总厚度的45%，剩余为阻隔层的厚度。其余均同实施例一。
实施例五
本实施例与实施例一的不同之处在于：
步骤（1）中，低密度聚乙烯占第一混合料总质量的70%，然后将第一混合料在195度进行造粒，制得第一原料；
步骤（2）中，低密度聚乙烯占第二混合料总质量的80%，然后将第二混合料在195度进行造粒，制得第二原料；
步骤（4）中，改性聚乙烯膜的厚度为0.1mm，外层占改性聚乙烯膜总厚度的35%，中间层占改性聚乙烯膜总厚度的35%，剩余为热合层的厚度。
步骤（5）中，将PBAT、聚乳酸、聚丁二酸丁二酯、ADR扩链剂、抗氧剂168和水合铝碳酸镁按质量比100:10:5:0.1:0.2:0.1进行共混改性。
步骤（7）中，降解膜的厚度为0.065mm，外层占降解膜总厚度的35%，内层占降解膜总厚度的35%，剩余为阻隔层的厚度。其余均同实施例一。
上述集装液袋在使用后，可以将粘附有包装物的内膜撕掉，然后自然降解掉。作为外膜的改性聚乙烯膜，可以再次在其内壁上热合一层降解膜，使其循环利用；或者作为它用。当然，还可以根据液袋应用场合与环境，还可以在改性聚乙烯膜的外侧设置现有技术中的聚乙烯膜、聚丙烯编织布或者聚乙烯膜与聚丙烯编织布形成的复合膜作为防护层。
上述实施例中的PBAT是己二酸丁二醇酯和对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯的共聚物，属于热塑性生物降解塑料，具有优良的生物降解性，是目前生物降解塑料研究中非常活跃和市场应用最好降解材料之一。
对上述实施例中的液袋膜进行测试，其性能参数如下：
现有的用于制备液袋的聚乙烯膜的抗拉强度一般在30 MPa左右。可见，上述液袋膜在透气量和抗拉强度达到了较高水平，完全可以作为集装液袋使用。并且外膜与内膜间的热合强度也比较理想。
该液袋膜可以制作用于集装箱内的集装箱液袋，也可以制作集装桶，还可以制作其它的用于大容量的包装物。
以上所述，仅是本发明的较佳实施例而已，并非是对本发明作其它形式的限制，任何熟悉本专业的技术人员可能利用上述揭示的技术内容加以变更或改型为等同变化的等效实施例。但是凡是未脱离本发明技术方案内容，依据本发明的技术实质对以上实施例所作的任何简单修改、等同变化与改型，仍属于本发明技术方案的保护范围。
Claims (7)
1.一种高阻隔性集装液袋，包括外膜和热合相接在外膜内壁上的内膜，其特征在于：所述内膜为降解膜，降解膜中设有阻隔层，降解膜除阻隔层外的降解专用料由PBAT、聚乳酸、聚丁二酸丁二酯、扩链剂、第一抗氧剂和水合铝碳酸镁构成，第一抗氧剂为抗氧剂168；
所述外膜为改性聚乙烯膜，外膜的内壁为热合层，热合层由热合专用料制成，热合专用料由低密度聚乙烯、乙烯与醋酸乙烯共聚物、第二抗氧剂和润滑剂构成，第二抗氧剂为抗氧剂B245；
所述改性聚乙烯膜由外层、中间层和作为内层的热合层构成，外层和中间层的原料均为低密度聚乙烯和茂金属聚乙烯；
外层中，低密度聚乙烯占外层总质量的65～75%，余量为茂金属聚乙烯；
中间层中，低密度聚乙烯占中间层总质量的75～85%，余量为茂金属聚乙烯；
所述降解膜由外层、阻隔层和内层构成，内层和外层均由降解专用料制成，外层占降解膜总厚度的35～45%，内层占降解膜总厚度的35～45%，剩余为阻隔层的厚度，阻隔层由阻隔专用料制成，阻隔专用料由聚甲基乙撑碳酸酯、乙烯与乙烯醇共聚物和第一抗氧剂构成，所述降解专用料中，PBAT、聚乳酸、聚丁二酸丁二酯、扩链剂、第一抗氧剂和水合铝碳酸镁的质量比为95～105:8～12:4～6:0.1:0.2:0.1。
2.根据权利要求1所述的高阻隔性集装液袋，其特征在于：所述改性聚乙烯膜中，外层占改性聚乙烯膜总厚度的35～45%，中间层占改性聚乙烯膜总厚度的35～45%，剩余为热合层的厚度。
3.根据权利要求1所述的高阻隔性集装液袋，其特征在于：所述热合专用料中，低密度聚乙烯、乙烯与醋酸乙烯共聚物、第二抗氧剂与润滑剂的质量比为50:50:0.2:0.1。
4.根据权利要求3所述的高阻隔性集装液袋，其特征在于：所述改性聚乙烯膜的厚度为0.08～0.12mm，降解膜的厚度为0.05～0.08mm。
5.根据权利要求1至3任一所述的高阻隔性集装液袋，其特征在于：所述阻隔专用料中，聚甲基乙撑碳酸酯、乙烯与乙烯醇共聚物和第一抗氧剂的质量比为50:50:0.2。
6.一种高阻隔性集装液袋的制备方法，其特征在于：包括以下步骤：
（1）第一造粒：将低密度聚乙烯与茂金属聚乙烯混合，得第一混合料，低密度聚乙烯占第一混合料总质量的65～75%，然后将第一混合料在180～210度进行造粒，制得第一原料；
（2）第二造粒：将低密度聚乙烯与茂金属聚乙烯混合，得第二混合料，低密度聚乙烯占第二混合料总质量的75～85%，然后将第二混合料在180～210度进行造粒，制得第二原料；
（3）第三造粒：将低密度聚乙烯、乙烯与醋酸乙烯共聚物、第二抗氧剂和润滑剂按质量比50:50:0.2:0.1混合，得第三混合料，然后将第三混合料在180度进行造粒，制得热合专用料；
（4）制备外膜：将步骤（1）制得的第一原料、步骤（2）制得的第二原料和步骤（3）制得的热合专用料经过三层共挤吹制成改性聚乙烯膜，第一原料、第二原料和热合专用料对应形成改性聚乙烯膜的外层、中间层和内层；
（5）第四造粒：将PBAT、聚乳酸、聚丁二酸丁二酯、扩链剂、第一抗氧剂和水合铝碳酸镁按质量比95～105:8～12:4～6:0.1:0.2:0.1共混改性，得第四混合料，然后将第四混合料在180度进行造粒，制得降解专用料；
（6）第五造粒：将聚甲基乙撑碳酸酯、乙烯与乙烯醇共聚物和第一抗氧剂按质量比50:50:0.2混合，得第五混合料，然后将第五混合料在180度进行造粒，制得阻隔专用料；
（7）制备内膜：将步骤（5）制得的降解专用料和步骤（6）制得的阻隔专用料经过三层共挤吹制成降解膜，降解专用料形成降解膜的内层和外层，阻隔专用料形成位于内层和外层中间的阻隔层；
（8）热合：将步骤（7）制得的降解膜热合焊接到步骤（4）制得的改性聚乙烯膜的内壁上形成液袋膜，再用液袋膜制成集装液袋，降解膜作为集装液袋的内壁；
所述第一抗氧剂为抗氧剂168，所述第二抗氧剂为抗氧剂B245。
7.根据权利要求6所述的一种高阻隔性集装液袋的制备方法，其特征在于：所述扩链剂为ADR扩链剂，所述润滑剂为介酸酰胺。
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