CN113210772B - Flow equalizing device and method for gap flow field in metal revolving body micro electrolytic machining - Google Patents
Flow equalizing device and method for gap flow field in metal revolving body micro electrolytic machining Download PDFInfo
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- CN113210772B CN113210772B CN202110515988.5A CN202110515988A CN113210772B CN 113210772 B CN113210772 B CN 113210772B CN 202110515988 A CN202110515988 A CN 202110515988A CN 113210772 B CN113210772 B CN 113210772B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23H—WORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
- B23H3/00—Electrochemical machining, i.e. removing metal by passing current between an electrode and a workpiece in the presence of an electrolyte
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23H—WORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
- B23H3/00—Electrochemical machining, i.e. removing metal by passing current between an electrode and a workpiece in the presence of an electrolyte
- B23H3/10—Supply or regeneration of working media
Abstract
The invention discloses a flow equalizing device and a flow equalizing method for a gap flow field in micro electrochemical machining of a metal revolving body, and belongs to the field of micro electrochemical machining with low voltage and high electrolyte flow rate. The device includes pressure regulating system, electrolyte system and electrode assembly, and in pressure regulating system and electrode assembly located the shell, instrument negative pole and metal solid of revolution constitute the processing clearance, pressure regulating system were located the play liquid side in processing clearance, pressure regulating system include piston, lead screw, screw nut, motor and computer, one side of piston is equipped with pressure sensor for response clearance flow field pressure, the slot has been seted up to the opposite side of piston, during screw nut inserted the slot was passed to the one end of lead screw, the other end was connected with the motor, screw nut fixed connection was on the piston, the motor links to each other with the computer and controls the piston. The pressure regulating system is arranged at the liquid outlet position of the machining gap, so that the pressure of the gap flow field is regulated, the gap flow field is equalized, and the stability and the machining precision of electrolytic machining can be improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of micro-electrolytic machining with low voltage and high electrolyte flow rate, and particularly relates to a flow equalizing device and method for a gap flow field in micro-electrolytic machining of a metal revolving body.
Background
The microstructure is widely applied to the industrial fields of aerospace, automobiles, electronics, molds and the like, and texture structures such as micro pits and the like are processed on the surface of a part, so that a trace amount of lubricating liquid can be stored, the friction performance is effectively improved, the heat dissipation is increased, and the like. The current processing methods of the microtexture mainly comprise a cutting processing technology, an electric spark processing technology, an electric jet processing technology, a laser processing technology, a micro electrochemical machining technology and the like. The cutting process is easy to generate mechanical stress and thermal stress, and the efficiency is low; the electric spark technology has high cost and serious electrode loss; the electric jet machining has poor localization and serious stray corrosion; the laser processing technology has high processing efficiency and wide processing materials, but can generate a flanging phenomenon; the micro electrochemical machining has the advantages of no loss of machining tools, no influence of the hardness and strength of machined materials on the etching speed, small machining deformation and the like, and has obvious advantages in the field of micro-structural machining. However, the micro electrochemical machining has the problem of unstable gap flow field, the stability of the gap flow field directly affects the experimental result and the machining precision, and people pay more and more attention to how to effectively improve the flow equalization of the gap flow field so as to improve the stability of the electrochemical machining and the surface quality of a workpiece.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a flow equalizing device and method for a gap flow field in a metal revolving body micro-electrochemical machining.
In order to achieve the purpose, the following technical scheme is provided:
the flow equalizing device for the gap flow field in the micro electrolytic machining of the metal revolving body is characterized by comprising a pressure regulating system, an electrolyte system and an electrode device, wherein the pressure regulating system and the electrode device are arranged in a shell, a machining gap is formed between the electrode devices, the pressure regulating system is positioned on the liquid outlet side of the machining gap, the pressure regulating system comprises a piston, a lead screw nut, a motor and a computer, a pressure sensor is arranged on one side of the piston and used for sensing the pressure of the gap flow field, a slot is formed in the other side of the piston, one end of the lead screw penetrates through the lead screw nut and is inserted into the slot, the other end of the lead screw is connected with the motor, the lead screw nut is fixedly connected onto the piston, and the motor is connected with the computer and controls the piston.
Further, the shell adopts transparent organic glass material preparation, including procapsid and back casing, the one side of procapsid passes through bolt, nut and gasket fixed connection with the back casing, and the electrolyte inlet has been seted up to the opposite side, and the electrolyte export has been seted up with the junction of procapsid to the back casing, and electrode assembly locates between procapsid and the back casing, and the back casing is arranged in to the pressure regulating system, and electrolyte system connects electrolyte inlet and electrolyte export constitution return circuit.
Furthermore, the electrode device comprises a cathode and an anode, the ultrasonic transducer with the micro-boss texture is used as the cathode, the metal revolving body is used as the anode, and the ultrasonic transducer and the metal revolving body are arranged in the front shell and the rear shell to form a machining gap.
Further, the electrolyte system includes electrolyte groove, filter, one-way constant delivery pump, hydraulic pressure choke valve and hydraulic pressure stop valve, and the electrolyte groove connects gradually filter, one-way constant delivery pump and hydraulic pressure choke valve through the pipeline, and the export and the electrolyte inlet of hydraulic pressure choke valve are connected, and the electrolyte export passes through the pipeline and is connected with hydraulic pressure stop valve and electrolyte groove in proper order.
Furthermore, a first smooth flow channel and a second smooth flow channel are arranged in the front shell, the first smooth flow channel is positioned below the ultrasonic transducer, the second smooth flow channel is positioned above the metal revolving body, the first smooth flow channel and the second smooth flow channel are respectively arranged on the liquid inlet side of the machining gap to form a smooth liquid inlet, and the liquid flows into the machining gap area through the smooth flow channels, so that the separation phenomenon caused by boundary layers can be prevented, a vortex area and a dead water area can be avoided, and the flow rate and the pressure of the electrolyte flowing into the machining gap are stable.
Further, the ultrasonic transducer and the metal revolving body are connected with the rotary table through a clamp.
Furthermore, a pressure gauge is arranged between the hydraulic throttling valve and the electrolyte inlet.
A flow equalizing method for a gap flow field in micro electrolytic machining of a metal revolving body comprises the following steps:
1) after the device is started, electrolyte is filtered by a filter and then pumped by a one-way constant delivery pump, and the electrolyte is sprayed to a machining gap after passing through a hydraulic throttling valve;
2) the pressure sensor collects the flow field pressure of the machining gap and transmits the flow field pressure to the computer, and according to a preset pressure threshold value, the computer rotates the lead screw through the motor, and the lead screw rotates to drive the lead screw nut to move, so that the front and rear positions of each piston are adjusted, and the uniform flow of electrolyte in the machining gap is kept;
3) and the electrolyte flows out from the electrolyte outlet and enters the electrolyte tank through the hydraulic stop valve, so that the electrolytic machining is circulated.
Further, the electrolyte adopts NaNO with the mass concentration of 5% -10%3And (3) solution.
Furthermore, the processing voltage of the device is direct current or pulse, and the processing voltage is 5-15V.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) the invention combines the pressure regulating system and the ultrasonic field, leads the ultrasonic auxiliary function and the pressure regulating system to jointly act on the gap flow field, combines the micro electrolytic machining to process the outer surface of the metal revolving body, designs a smooth transition flow passage at an inlet, avoids generating a vortex area or a dead water area, leads the gap flow field to receive stable back pressure, prevents the generation of cavitation phenomenon, leads the gap flow field to be uniform and stable, can improve the stability and the processing precision of the electrolytic machining, also utilizes the action of the ultrasonic field to promote the discharge of a processing reaction product, reduces the gas volume fraction in an electrolyte beam, solves the problem that the gas volume fraction in the electrolyte is increased to reduce the material erosion speed, leads the ultrasonic cooperative auxiliary electrolytic machining to improve the processing uniformity among the microtextures, also improve the processing localization and improve the stray corrosion phenomenon in the processing process, thereby improving the processing precision and the processing efficiency of the electrolytic processing of the microtexture on the outer surface of the radial ultrasonic vibration metal revolving body.
2) The hydraulic system provided by the invention can realize uniform flow of the clearance flow field, and the pressure required by the hydraulic system and the front and rear positions of the piston are analyzed and calculated by finite element simulation software, so that the consistent and uniform processing of the metal cylindrical surface microtexture can be realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a front view of a three-dimensional structure of an electrode assembly and a voltage regulation system according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a rear view of a three-dimensional structure of an electrode assembly and a voltage regulation system according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a perspective cross-sectional view of the pressure regulating system of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic perspective view of an ultrasonic transducer according to the present invention.
In the figure: 1-a piston; 2-a lead screw; 3-lead screw nut; 4-a motor; 5-a computer; 6-machining a gap; 7-a pressure sensor; 8-an ultrasonic transducer; 9-a metal solid of revolution; 10-a front housing; 11-a rear housing; 12-an electrolyte bath; 13-a filter; 14-one-way constant delivery pump; 15-hydraulic throttle valve; 16-hydraulic stop valves; 17-a clamp; 18-a turntable; 19-a pressure gauge; 20-a first smooth runner; 21-a second smooth runner; 101-electrolyte inlet; 111-electrolyte outlet.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the drawings attached to the description, but the scope of protection of the invention is not limited thereto.
As shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the interstitial flow field device in the metal revolving body micro-electrolysis processing comprises an ultrasonic transducer 8 as a cathode and a metal revolving body 9 as an anode, the ultrasonic transducer 8 and the metal revolving body 9 are respectively arranged in a shell, the shell comprises a front shell 10 and a rear shell 11, the front shell 10 and the rear shell 11 are fixedly connected through bolts and nuts, the ultrasonic transducer 8 and the metal revolving body 9 are respectively arranged above and below the joint of the front shell 10 and the rear shell 11, the front shell 10 is provided with an electrolyte inlet 101, two sides of the joint of the rear shell 11 and the front shell 10 are provided with electrolyte outlets 111, the ultrasonic transducer 8 and the metal revolving body 9 are respectively connected with a turntable 18 through a clamp 17, the rotation of the rotary table 18 drives the ultrasonic transducer 8 and the metal revolving body 9 to revolve, and the rear shell 11 is fixedly connected with four motors 4 through screws.
As shown in fig. 3, the pressure regulating system includes four pistons 1, four lead screws 2, four lead screw nuts 3, four motors 4 and a computer 5, the pressure regulating system is disposed in a rear housing 11, one side of the piston 1 facing an ultrasonic transducer 8 and a metal revolving body 9 is provided with a pressure sensor 7, the other side of the piston 1 is provided with a slot, the slot is fixedly connected with the lead screw nut 3 through a screw, one end of the lead screw 2 passes through the lead screw nut 3 and is inserted into the slot of the piston 1, the lead screw 2 is in threaded connection with the lead screw nut 3, the other end of the lead screw 2 is connected with the motor 4 through an elastic coupling, the computer 5 is respectively connected with the motor 4 and the pressure sensor 7 through data lines, the pressure sensor 7 senses the pressure of the gap flow field and transmits the pressure to the computer 5, the computer 5 transmits the pressure to the motor 4 according to a threshold value of the preset pressure, and the motor 4 rotates according to the situation, the motor 4 rotates the screw rod 2, and the screw rod 2 pushes the screw rod nut 3 to move, so that the piston 1 is pushed to move, and the adjustment of the gap flow field pressure is realized.
As shown in fig. 4, the electrolyte system includes an electrolyte tank 12, a filter 13, a one-way constant delivery pump 14, a hydraulic throttle valve 15, a hydraulic stop valve 16 and a pressure gauge 19, an outlet of the electrolyte tank 12 is sequentially connected with the filter 13, the one-way constant delivery pump 14 and the hydraulic throttle valve 15, the other end of the hydraulic throttle valve 15 is connected with an electrolyte inlet 101, the pressure gauge 19 is arranged on a pipeline connecting the electrolyte inlet 101 and the hydraulic throttle valve 15, a machining gap 6 is formed between the ultrasonic transducer 8 and the metal revolving body 9, a piston 1 is arranged on the right side of the ultrasonic transducer 8 and the metal revolving body 9, a first smooth flow channel 20 and a second smooth flow channel 21 are respectively arranged on the upper side and the lower side in the front housing 10, the first smooth flow channel 20 and the second smooth flow channel 21 are quarter circular columns, the first smooth flow channel 20 is positioned below the ultrasonic transducer 8, the second smooth flow channel 21 is positioned above the metal revolving body 9, the first smooth flow passage 20 and the second smooth flow passage 21 are respectively arranged on the liquid inlet side of the processing gap 6 to form a smooth liquid inlet, and the first smooth flow passage 20 and the second smooth flow passage 21 are integrally formed with the front housing 10.
As shown in fig. 5, the outer surface of the ultrasonic transducer 8 is processed with an electrode column with a micro-boss texture, and the ultrasonic transducer 8 is connected with an ultrasonic generator to provide radial vibration with a certain amplitude, which is beneficial to discharge of products in the processing gap 6.
Starting the device, the processing voltage is 15V, after the device is started, NaNO3The solution electrolyte is filtered by a filter 13 and then pumped by a one-way constant delivery pump 14, and the electrolyte passes through a hydraulic throttle valve 15 and then is sprayed to the machining gap 6; the pressure sensor 7 collects the flow field pressure of the machining gap 6 and transmits the flow field pressure to the computer 5, and according to a preset pressure threshold value, the computer 5 rotates the lead screw 2 through the motor 4, so that the front and rear positions of each piston 1 are adjusted, and the electrolyte in the machining gap 6 is kept uniform; the electrolyte flows out from the electrolyte outlet 111, passes through the hydraulic cutoff valve 16, and enters the electrolyte tank 12, thus circulating the electrolytic processing. The high-speed flowing electrolyte is shot to the processing gap 6 to prevent the separation phenomenon caused by boundary layers and avoid the generation of vortex regions or dead water regions, and the distribution of the flow field in the processing gap 6 is changed by the pressure of the electrolyte through changing the position of each piston 1 to prevent the generation of cavitation phenomenonForming a uniform and stable gap flow field.
Claims (7)
1. The flow equalizing device for the gap flow field in the micro electrochemical machining of the metal revolving body is characterized by comprising a pressure regulating system, an electrolyte system and electrode devices, wherein the pressure regulating system and the electrode devices are arranged in a shell, a machining gap (6) is formed between the electrode devices, the pressure regulating system is positioned on the liquid outlet side of the machining gap (6), the pressure regulating system comprises a piston (1), a screw rod (2), a screw rod nut (3), a motor (4) and a computer (5), one side of the piston (1) is provided with a pressure sensor (7), used for sensing the pressure of a clearance flow field, the other side of the piston (1) is provided with a slot, one end of the screw rod (2) passes through the screw rod nut (3) and is inserted into the slot, the other end of the piston rod is connected with a motor (4), a screw nut (3) is fixedly connected to the piston (1), and the motor (4) is connected with a computer (5) to control the piston (1); the shell is made of transparent organic glass materials and comprises a front shell (10) and a rear shell (11), one side of the front shell (10) is fixedly connected with the rear shell (11) through bolts, nuts and gaskets, the other side of the front shell is provided with an electrolyte inlet (101), the joint of the rear shell (11) and the front shell (10) is provided with an electrolyte outlet (111), an electrode device is arranged between the front shell (10) and the rear shell (11), a pressure regulating system is arranged in the rear shell (11), and the electrolyte system is connected with the electrolyte inlet (101) and the electrolyte outlet (111) to form a loop; the electrode device comprises a cathode and an anode, wherein an ultrasonic transducer (8) with a micro-boss texture is used as the cathode, a metal revolving body (9) is used as the anode, and the ultrasonic transducer (8) and the metal revolving body (9) are arranged in a front shell (10) and a rear shell (11) to form a machining gap (6); a first smooth flow channel (20) and a second smooth flow channel (21) are arranged in the front shell (10), the first smooth flow channel (20) is located below the ultrasonic transducer (8), the second smooth flow channel (21) is located above the metal revolving body (9), and the first smooth flow channel (20) and the second smooth flow channel (21) are respectively arranged on the liquid inlet side of the machining gap (6) to form a smooth liquid inlet.
2. The flow equalizing device for the gap flow field in the metal revolving body micro-electrochemical machining according to claim 1, characterized in that the electrolyte system comprises an electrolyte tank (12), a filter (13), a one-way constant delivery pump (14), a hydraulic throttle valve (15) and a hydraulic stop valve (16), the electrolyte tank (12) is sequentially connected with the filter (13), the one-way constant delivery pump (14) and the hydraulic throttle valve (15) through a pipeline, an outlet of the hydraulic throttle valve (15) is connected with an electrolyte inlet (101), and an electrolyte outlet (111) is sequentially connected with the hydraulic stop valve (16) and the electrolyte tank (12) through a pipeline.
3. The flow equalizing device for the gap flow field in the metal revolving body micro-electrolysis machining according to claim 1, characterized in that the ultrasonic transducer (8) and the metal revolving body (9) are connected with the turntable (18) through a clamp (17).
4. The flow equalizing device for the gap flow field in the micro-electrochemical machining of the metal revolving body according to claim 2, characterized in that a pressure gauge (19) is arranged between the hydraulic throttle valve (15) and the electrolyte inlet (101).
5. The method for equalizing flow in an interstitial flow field in micro-electrochemical machining of a metal revolving body according to claim 4, characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) after the device is started, electrolyte is filtered by a filter (13) and then pumped by a one-way constant delivery pump (14), and the electrolyte is sprayed to a machining gap (6) after passing through a hydraulic throttle valve (15);
2) the pressure sensor (7) collects the flow field pressure of the machining gap (6) and transmits the flow field pressure to the computer (5), the computer (5) rotates the lead screw (2) through the motor (4) according to a preset pressure threshold value, the lead screw (2) rotates to drive the lead screw nut (3) to move, so that the front and rear positions of each piston (1) are adjusted, and the electrolyte in the machining gap (6) is kept uniform;
3) the electrolyte flows out from the electrolyte outlet (111) and enters the electrolyte tank (12) through the hydraulic stop valve (16), and the electrolytic machining is circulated.
6. The current sharing method of claim 5, wherein the electrolyte is NaNO with a mass concentration of 5% -10%3And (3) solution.
7. The current sharing method of claim 5, wherein the processing voltage of the device is DC or pulse, and the processing voltage is 5-15V.
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| CN202110515988.5A CN113210772B (en) | 2021-05-12 | 2021-05-12 | Flow equalizing device and method for gap flow field in metal revolving body micro electrolytic machining |
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| CN202110515988.5A CN113210772B (en) | 2021-05-12 | 2021-05-12 | Flow equalizing device and method for gap flow field in metal revolving body micro electrolytic machining |
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| JP3795729B2 (en) * | 2000-05-29 | 2006-07-12 | 株式会社ジェイテクト | Manufacturing method of hydrodynamic bearing |
| CN1212214C (en) * | 2003-04-29 | 2005-07-27 | 南京航空航天大学 | Technique for electrolysis processing fine slits and its devices |
| CN102896383B (en) * | 2012-10-10 | 2015-03-25 | 南京航空航天大学 | Electrolytic machining method of difficult-to-cut material, fine-module internal gear and device |
| CN107214387B (en) * | 2017-06-29 | 2023-09-12 | 浙江工业大学 | Radial ultrasonic vibration assisted micro-texture rolling corrosion electrolytic machining method and device |
| CN110170716B (en) * | 2019-06-06 | 2024-05-07 | 浙江工业大学 | Two-dimensional ultrasonic vibration assisted rolling corrosion micro electrolytic machining method and device |
| CN111185641B (en) * | 2020-02-21 | 2020-12-18 | 常州工学院 | Electrolyte pulse type electrolytic machining device and method |
| CN112207375A (en) * | 2020-10-30 | 2021-01-12 | 西安工业大学 | Back pressure adjusting device for electrolytic machining of profile of tensile part |
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