CN113209998B - 一种石墨相氮化碳复合光催化剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种石墨相氮化碳复合光催化剂及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN113209998B CN113209998B CN202110386015.6A CN202110386015A CN113209998B CN 113209998 B CN113209998 B CN 113209998B CN 202110386015 A CN202110386015 A CN 202110386015A CN 113209998 B CN113209998 B CN 113209998B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- tio
- mixture
- nano
- graphite
- carbon nitride
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- JMANVNJQNLATNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxalonitrile Chemical compound N#CC#N JMANVNJQNLATNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 239000011941 photocatalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 239000002135 nanosheet Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical group CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 230000001699 photocatalysis Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- FPCJKVGGYOAWIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N butan-1-ol;titanium Chemical compound [Ti].CCCCO.CCCCO.CCCCO.CCCCO FPCJKVGGYOAWIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000004310 lactic acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 235000014655 lactic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920000877 Melamine resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N melamine Chemical compound NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- NIPNSKYNPDTRPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-[2-oxo-2-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)ethyl]-2-[[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methylamino]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound O=C(CNC(=O)C=1C=NC(=NC=1)NCC1=CC(=CC=C1)OC(F)(F)F)N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2 NIPNSKYNPDTRPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 15
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 9
- AFCARXCZXQIEQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-[3-oxo-3-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)propyl]-2-[[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methylamino]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound O=C(CCNC(=O)C=1C=NC(=NC=1)NCC1=CC(=CC=C1)OC(F)(F)F)N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2 AFCARXCZXQIEQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229960000583 acetic acid Drugs 0.000 description 6
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000012362 glacial acetic acid Substances 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000003917 TEM image Methods 0.000 description 4
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 3
- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002329 infrared spectrum Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000006911 nucleation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000006798 recombination Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005215 recombination Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 2
- 238000003760 magnetic stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000320 mechanical mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009210 therapy by ultrasound Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 2
- JYEUMXHLPRZUAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3-triazine Chemical compound C1=CN=NN=C1 JYEUMXHLPRZUAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JIHQDMXYYFUGFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,5-triazine Chemical group C1=NC=NC=N1 JIHQDMXYYFUGFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910003077 Ti−O Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910003088 Ti−O−Ti Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethanolamine Chemical compound OCCN(CCO)CCO GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CKUAXEQHGKSLHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N [C].[N] Chemical group [C].[N] CKUAXEQHGKSLHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- -1 ammonium ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000536 complexating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000593 degrading effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- QGBSISYHAICWAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N dicyandiamide Chemical compound NC(N)=NC#N QGBSISYHAICWAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001027 hydrothermal synthesis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001089 mineralizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002064 nanoplatelet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002957 persistent organic pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001698 pyrogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052724 xenon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N xenon atom Chemical compound [Xe] FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
- B01J27/24—Nitrogen compounds
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/30—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
- B01J35/39—Photocatalytic properties
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/60—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
- B01J35/61—Surface area
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
- C01B3/04—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by decomposition of inorganic compounds, e.g. ammonia
- C01B3/042—Decomposition of water
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/02—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/0266—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a decomposition step
- C01B2203/0277—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a decomposition step containing a catalytic decomposition step
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
Abstract
本发明属于光催化材料的技术领域,公开了一种石墨相氮化碳复合光催化剂及其制备方法。方法:1)将g‑C3N4纳米片、有机溶剂和酸混合,获得混合物A;酸为醋酸或乳酸中一种以上;有机溶剂为乙醇或甲醇;2)将钛酸丁酯与混合物A混匀,获得混合物B;3)将氨水与混合物B中混匀,干燥,煅烧,获得复合光催化剂。本发明的方法简单,通过原位生长的方法在g‑C3N4纳米片上生长N‑TiO2,N‑TiO2纳米颗粒分散均匀,且与g‑C3N4纳米片具有充分的界面接触,两者结合更紧密,能够有效地提高光生电子和空穴的分离速度,从而提高量子效率,达到提高其催化效率的效果。本发明的催化剂在光催化制氢中具有较好的催化活性。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于光催化剂材料技术领域,具体涉及一种石墨相氮化碳复合光催化剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
近年来,半导体光催化剂作为将太阳能转化为高密度化学能或者直接降解和矿化有机污染物的重要媒介,在解决能源危机和环境污染方面展现出巨大的潜能而得到广泛研究。在众多的光催化剂中,石墨相氮化碳(g-C3N4)以其对环境友好,高化学稳定性,热稳定性好,制备成本低且方法简单等优点而被广泛研究使用。目前,制备石墨相氮化碳最常用的方法是通过热解尿素、双氰胺或三聚氯胺等原料获得。但通过热解法制备的g-C3N4为多层片状堆叠的块体,存在比表面积小以及光生电子-空穴对的复合率高等缺陷,致使其光催化活性不高,严重限制了g-C3N4在实际中的应用。
氮掺杂二氧化钛(N-TiO2)是一种廉价、无毒的半导体材料,其带隙值约为2.81eV,也是一种可见光催化剂材料。g-C3N4的导带电势和价带电势分别为-1.12eV和+1.58eV,而N-TiO2的导带电势和价带电势分别为-0.19eV和+2.62eV。从理论上讲,g-C3N4和N-TiO2复合后,在受光激发时,g-C3N4的光生电子会向N-TiO2的导带转移,而N-TiO2的光生空穴会向g-C3N4的价带转移,有利于光生电子和空穴的分离,减少二者的复合,提高光量子效率,从而具有更高的光催化活性。然而目前制备g-C3N4/N-TiO2复合材料的方法主要有机械混合,高温共烧结,水热法等方法,仍然存在着诸如TiO2易团聚,g-C3N4与N-TiO2没有充分接触等缺点,不利于电子-空穴对的有效分离,制备的g-C3N4/N-TiO2复合材料的光催化活性仍有待改善。
发明内容
为了克服现有技术的上述缺点,本发明的目的在于提供一种石墨相氮化碳复合光催化剂及其制备方法。本发明通过原位生长的方法在g-C3N4纳米片上生长N-TiO2,N-TiO2纳米颗粒分散均匀,且与g-C3N4纳米片具有充分的界面接触,两者结合更紧密,能够有效地提高光生电子和空穴的分离速度,从而提高量子效率,达到提高其催化效率的效果,特别是在光催化制氢中,本发明的催化剂具有更好的光催化活性。
本发明的目的通过以下技术方案实现:
一种石墨相氮化碳复合光催化剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1)将g-C3N4纳米片、有机溶剂和酸混合,获得混合物A;所述酸为醋酸或乳酸中一种以上;所述有机溶剂为乙醇或甲醇;
2)将钛酸丁酯与混合物A混匀,获得混合物B;
3)将氨水与混合物B中混匀,获得前驱体;
4)将前驱体干燥,煅烧,获得g-C3N4/N-TiO2复合光催化剂。
所述g-C3N4纳米片通过以下方法制备得到:
将三聚氰胺于500~600℃煅烧3~5h,冷却,得到块状石墨相氮化碳(g-C3N4);研磨成粉末状,升温至500~600℃保温煅烧2.5~3.5h,获得g-C3N4纳米片。
所述于500~600℃煅烧是指以1~5℃/min升温至500~600℃进行煅烧。
所述升温至500~600℃是指以4~6℃升温至500~600℃。所述煅烧、保温煅烧是在马弗炉中进行。
步骤1)中所述酸与有机溶剂的体积比为(1~3):(60~100);
所述g-C3N4纳米片与酸的质量体积比为(1~2)g:(1~3)mL。
步骤2)中所述钛酸丁酯与g-C3N4纳米片的体积质量比为(1~4)mL:(1~2)g。
步骤3)中所述氨水中氨的质量浓度为25%~28%;所述氨水与钛酸丁酯的体积比为(0.3~0.6):1。
步骤2)中所述钛酸丁酯通过滴加的方式加入混合物A中;所述混匀是指在搅拌的条件下混匀。搅拌的时间为20~30min。步骤2)中滴入的速度为0.5~10ml/min。
步骤3)中所述氨水通过滴加的方式加入混合物B中;所述混匀是在搅拌的条件下进行,所述搅拌的时间为40~60min。
步骤3)中滴入的速度为0.5~10ml/min。
步骤1)中混合后搅拌20~45min。
g-C3N4纳米片的厚度为8~10nm。
步骤4)中所述干燥的温度为100℃~120℃;所述干燥的时间为10~16h。
步骤4)中所述煅烧的温度为400~450℃;所述煅烧的时间为2~3h;所述煅烧的升温速率为3~5℃/分钟。
所述复合光催化剂在光催化制氢中应用。
本发明将g-C3N4纳米片分散到乙醇(或甲醇)及冰醋酸(或乳酸)混合溶液中,在酸的条件下,g-C3N4纳米片表面吸附大量的H+而呈正电荷,这些带正电荷的g-C3N4纳米片载体彼此排斥而均匀的分散在溶液中。这样给N-TiO2的负载提供了两个条件:其一是提供了分散均匀的载体,保证负载物的均匀负载;其二是载体表面带的大量均一分散正电荷是N-TiO2的成核位点,保证负载物粒子的成核位点多而成核粒径小。溶液滴入氨水后形成的氢氧根(OH)-会吸附在g-C3N4纳米片载体上,溶液中铵离子和钛酸丁酯与(OH)-将形成N掺杂Ti(OH)x前驱体核均匀负载在g-C3N4纳米片上。在随后的干燥及煅烧过程中,N-TiO2将原位生长并负载到载体g-C3N4纳米片上面。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下优点和有益效果:
(1)本发明采用原材料易得、价格便宜,无需惰性气体保护(所有制备过程均在空气气氛中进行),合成温度低,生产设备、工艺条件和步骤相对简单,且易于调节复合产品的组成,适用于工业化生产。
(2)本发明制备得到的g-C3N4/N-TiO2复合材料中g-C3N4为纳米片,且N-TiO2为纳米颗粒,故而g-C3N4/N-TiO2复合材料具有较大的比表面积,
(3)本发明通过原位生长的方法在g-C3N4纳米片上生长N-TiO2,N-TiO2纳米颗粒分散均匀,且与g-C3N4纳米片具有充分的界面接触,两者结合更紧密,能够有效地提高光生电子和空穴的分离速度,从而提高量子效率,达到提高其催化效率的效果。
附图说明
图1为实施例1所制备的g-C3N4/N-TiO2及g-C3N4纳米片和N-TiO2的X射线衍射图谱;
图2为实施例1所制备的g-C3N4/N-TiO2及g-C3N4纳米片和N-TiO2的红外光谱图;
图3为实施例1所制备的g-C3N4/N-TiO2及g-C3N4纳米片,N-TiO2和g-C3N4-N-TiO2混合物的透射电子显微镜照片;(a)为实施例1中步骤(1)制备的g-C3N4纳米片,(b)为对比例1制备的N-TiO2;(c)为实施例1制备的g-C3N4/N-TiO2,(d)为对比例2制备的g-C3N4-N-TiO2混合物的TEM图;
图4为实施例1所制备的g-C3N4/N-TiO2的高分辨透射电子显微镜照片;
图5为对比例N-TiO2的电子探针图谱;
图6为实施例1所制备的g-C3N4/N-TiO2及g-C3N4纳米片,N-TiO2和g-C3N4-N-TiO2混合物在可见光照射下的光催化分解水制氢的产氢速率曲线;
图7为实施例1所制备的g-C3N4/N-TiO2在可见光照射下的析氢循环实验结果图。
具体实施方式
为更好地理解本发明,下面结合附图和实施例对本发明作进一步地说明,但本发明的实施方式不限于此。
实施例1
(1)将40g三聚氰胺放入带盖的坩埚中,在马弗炉中以4℃/分钟升温至550℃后保温煅烧4h,冷却到室温后,得到块状石墨相氮化碳(g-C3N4),研磨成粉末后放入带盖的坩埚中,在马弗炉中以5℃/分钟升温至550℃后保温煅烧3h,得到g-C3N4纳米片;
(2)将1g g-C3N4纳米片与60ml无水乙醇和3ml纯度≥99.5%冰醋酸混合,磁力搅拌30min后形成均匀的混合物A;将2ml钛酸丁酯滴入到混合物A中,磁力搅拌30min后形成均匀的混合物B;将1ml含氨25%~28%的氨水滴入到混合物B中,磁力搅拌60min后形成均匀的前驱体;将前驱体放入100℃烘箱中干燥12h后研磨得到粉末,将粉末放入带盖的坩埚中,在马弗炉中以4℃/分钟升温至450℃后保温煅烧3h,得到g-C3N4/N-TiO2复合材料。
图1为实施例1所制备的g-C3N4/N-TiO2及g-C3N4纳米片和N-TiO2的X射线衍射图谱,其中g-C3N4纳米片为实施例1中步骤(1)制备的纳米片,N-TiO2为对比例1制备。如图1所示,对所得的g-C3N4/N-TiO2及g-C3N4和N-TiO2进行XRD分析,可以看出g-C3N4/N-TiO2样品明显含有属于g-C3N4和N-TiO2的峰,说明g-C3N4和N-TiO2两相通过原位生长的方法成功结合在一起,且复合过程中两种物质的结构均不发生改变。13.1°和27.3°的两个峰分别对应于g-C3N4的(100)和(002)晶面。(100)和(002)晶格面分别对应于面内3s-三嗪环单元重复和共轭芳环堆堆积构型。N-TiO2位于25.3°、37.8°、48.0°和55.1°的峰分别对应于其(101)、(004)、(200)和(105)晶面,显示出N-TiO2的晶型为锐钛矿。
图2为实施例1所制备的g-C3N4/N-TiO2及g-C3N4纳米片和N-TiO2的红外光谱图,其中g-C3N4纳米片为实施例1中步骤(1)制备的纳米片,N-TiO2为对比例1制备。红外光谱结果进一步反映了g-C3N4和N-TiO2的结合。如图所示,N-TiO2结果中600到800cm-1的吸收峰对应于Ti-O-Ti和Ti-O的伸缩振动,1420和1170cm-1两处强度较弱的峰证明有N进入TiO2晶格。1640cm-1和3400-3500cm-1的峰是由N-TiO2表面吸附的羟基和水引起的。g-C3N4三处特征峰分别为:(1)808cm-1处吸收峰对应于平面内三嗪结构的碳氮环的弯曲振动;(2)1200-1600cm-1处则是碳氮杂环中C-N-C或C=N伸缩振动引起;(3)在3000-3500cm-1之间的宽峰对应于N-H伸缩振动。g-C3N4和N-TiO2的特征峰在g-C3N4/N-TiO2的红外结果中均有显示,进一步证明g-C3N4和N-TiO2稳定复合在一起。
图3为实施例1所制备的g-C3N4/N-TiO2及g-C3N4纳米片,N-TiO2和g-C3N4-N-TiO2混合物的透射电子显微镜(TEM)照片。其中(a)为实施例1中步骤(1)制备的g-C3N4纳米片,(b)为对比例1制备的N-TiO2;(c)为实施例1制备的g-C3N4/N-TiO2,(d)为对比例2制备的g-C3N4-N-TiO2混合物的TEM图。由图3中(a)可以清楚的看到g-C3N4纳米片呈现完整的薄片状,表面平整光滑。由图3中(b)可见,N-TiO2样品的粒径较小且相对较为均匀,在8~12nm之间。由图3中(c)可见,在g-C3N4/N-TiO2的TEM图像中也观察到N-TiO2纳米颗粒在g-C3N4纳米片的分散均匀生长,这证明了g-C3N4和N-TiO2稳定复合在一起,成功合成了g-C3N4/N-TiO2复合材料。由图3中(d)可见,g-C3N4-N-TiO2机械混合物中,N-TiO2团聚在一起。由图3可知,相对于机械混合的方法,本发明通过原位生长的方法在g-C3N4纳米片上生长N-TiO2,N-TiO2纳米颗粒分散均匀,且与g-C3N4纳米片具有充分的界面接触,两者结合更紧密,能够有效地提高光生电子和空穴的分离速度,从而提高量子效率,达到提高其催化效率的效果。
图4为实施例1所制备的g-C3N4/N-TiO2的高分辨透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)照片。该图显示了0.352nm的条纹间隔,这对应于锐钛矿型TiO2的(101)晶面。此外,由图可见,N-TiO2纳米颗粒分散均匀,且与g-C3N4纳米片具有充分的界面接触,两者紧密结合,这能够有效地提高光生电子和空穴的分离速度,从而提高量子效率,达到提高其催化效率的效果。
图5为对比例1制备的N-TiO2的电子探针图谱。由图可知在样品中检测到Ti,O,N三种元素的峰,证明有N进入TiO2晶格,合成的确实为N掺杂TiO2。由于g-C3N4/N-TiO2复合材料体系中g-C3N4本身含N,电子探针图谱无法区分是g-C3N4分子中的N还是N-TiO2中的N,故而没有测试g-C3N4/N-TiO2的电子探针图谱。但由于对比例1是为了与实施例1对比,除了不需要加入g-C3N4纳米片外,合成纯N-TiO2粉体方法与制备g-C3N4/N-TiO2的方法完全相同。故而图5的对比例1制备的N-TiO2的电子探针图谱进一步证明的是N-TiO2与g-C3N4复合,形成g-C3N4/N-TiO2复合光催化剂。
图6为实施例1所制备的g-C3N4/N-TiO2及g-C3N4纳米片,N-TiO2和g-C3N4-N-TiO2混合物在可见光照射下的光催化分解水制氢的产氢速率曲线;其中g-C3N4纳米片为实施例1中步骤(1)制备,N-TiO2为对比例1制备;g-C3N4/N-TiO2为实施例1制备的g-C3N4/N-TiO2复合材料,g-C3N4-N-TiO2混合物为对比例2制备。
光催化制氢实验在石英玻璃光反应器中进行,反应器瓶口与真空循环系统相连,以配有420nm滤光片的氙灯为光源,反应器窗口距离光源10cm;以实施例1~3制备的g-C3N4/N-TiO2为催化剂,进行光催化制氢,并与g-C3N4纳米片和N-TiO2进行比较,具体步骤如下:将50mg催化剂、10mL三乙醇胺、4mL质量浓度为1%的氯铂酸水溶液、90mL蒸馏水分别超声处理30min,加入到反应器中,用真空泵对制氢体系抽真空10min以排除空气;然后开启光源,在磁力搅拌条件下进行光催化制氢;所述光催化制氢过程中,通过流动水控制体系温度保持在4℃,每隔60min记录产生的氢气含量,所得氢气含量由气相色谱仪(GC-7900,载气为N2)在线取样分析而得。由
图6可知,实施例1制得的g-C3N4/N-TiO2催化剂的产氢速率为2482μmol·g-1·h-1,与纯g-C3N4纳米片和N-TiO2相比有较大提高,最高,约为原始氮化碳的2.51倍,原始N掺杂TiO2的3.09倍,是g-C3N4-N-TiO2混合物的2.25倍。
图7为实施例1所制备的g-C3N4/N-TiO2在可见光照射下的析氢循环实验结果图。为了探究所制备的光催化剂的可循环性和稳定性,在可见光照射下对析氢性能最佳的实施例1制得的g-C3N4/N-TiO2进行了连续三次的制氢实验,结果表明三次循环实验中g-C3N4/N-TiO2样品在可见光照射下的析氢速率基本保持稳定,没有太大变化,表明g-C3N4/N-TiO2复合光催化剂具有较好的稳定性。
实施例2
(1)将45g三聚氰胺放入带盖的坩埚中,在马弗炉中以4℃/分钟升温至550℃后保温煅烧4h,冷却到室温后,得到块状石墨相氮化碳(g-C3N4),研磨成粉末后放入带盖的坩埚中,在马弗炉中以5℃/分钟升温至550℃后保温煅烧3h,得到g-C3N4纳米片;
(2)将2g g-C3N4纳米片与80ml无水乙醇和3ml纯度≥99.5%冰醋酸混合,磁力搅拌20min后形成均匀的混合物A;将3ml钛酸丁酯滴入到混合物A中,磁力搅拌30min后形成均匀的混合物B;将1.8ml含氨25%~28%的氨水滴入到混合物B中,磁力搅拌60min后形成均匀的前驱体;将前驱体放入120℃烘箱中干燥16h后研磨得到粉末,将粉末放入带盖的坩埚中,在马弗炉中以3℃/分钟升温至400℃后保温煅烧3h得到g-C3N4/N-TiO2复合材料。
将本实施例制备的复合材料(即催化剂)按实施例1方法进行光催化测试,在可见光照射1h后,该催化剂的产氢速率为2205μmol·g-1·h-1,约为原始氮化碳的2.23倍,原始N掺杂TiO2的2.68倍,是g-C3N4-N-TiO2混合物的2.01倍。
实施例3
(1)将50g三聚氰胺放入带盖的坩埚中,在马弗炉中以4℃/分钟升温至550℃后保温煅烧4h,冷却到室温后,得到块状石墨相氮化碳(g-C3N4),研磨成粉末后放入带盖的坩埚中,在马弗炉中以5℃/分钟升温至550℃后保温煅烧3h,得到g-C3N4纳米片;
(2)将1g g-C3N4纳米片与60ml无水乙醇和2ml纯度≥99.5%冰醋酸混合,磁力搅拌20min后形成均匀的混合物A;将3ml钛酸丁酯滴入到混合物A中,磁力搅拌20mmin后形成均匀的混合物B;将1.2ml含氨25%~28%的氨水滴入到混合物B中,磁力搅拌40min后形成均匀的前驱体;将前驱体放入120℃烘箱中干燥16h后研磨得到粉末,将粉末放入带盖的坩埚中,在马弗炉中以5℃/分钟升温至450℃后保温煅烧2h得到g-C3N4/N-TiO2复合材料。
将本实施例制备的复合材料(即催化剂)按实施例1方法进行光催化测试,在可见光照射1h后,该催化剂的产氢速率为2363μmol·g-1·h-1,约为原始氮化碳的2.39倍,原始N掺杂TiO2的2.87倍,是g-C3N4-N-TiO2混合物的2.15倍。
对比例1
将60ml无水乙醇和3ml纯度≥99.5%冰醋酸混合,磁力搅拌30min后形成均匀的混合物A;将2ml钛酸丁酯滴入到混合物A中,磁力搅拌30min后形成均匀的混合物B;将1ml含氨25%~28%的氨水滴入到混合物B中,磁力搅拌60min后形成均匀的前驱体;将前驱体放入100℃烘箱中干燥12h后研磨得到粉末,将粉末放入带盖的坩埚中,在马弗炉中以4℃/分钟升温至450℃后保温煅烧3h得到N-TiO2。
对比例2
将对比例1制备的N-TiO2与50mL乙醇混合,超声15min;再加入1g g-C3N4纳米片,超声15min;在磁力搅拌器下搅拌3h后,将混合物转移至烘箱中,在60℃下干燥10h,得到g-C3N4与N-TiO2的机械混合物(命名为g-C3N4-N-TiO2混合物)。
需要说明的是,本发明的实施方式并不受上述实施例的限制,其他的任何未背离本发明的精神实质与原理下所作的改变、修饰、替代、组合、简化,均应为等效的置换方式,都包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (4)
1.一种石墨相氮化碳复合光催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于:由以下步骤组成:
1)将g-C3N4纳米片、有机溶剂和酸混合,获得混合物A;所述酸为醋酸和乳酸中一种以上;所述有机溶剂为乙醇或甲醇;
2)将钛酸丁酯与混合物A混匀,获得混合物B;
3)将氨水与混合物B中混匀,获得前驱体;
4)将前驱体干燥,煅烧,获得石墨相氮化碳复合光催化剂g-C3N4/N-TiO2;
步骤1)中所述酸与有机溶剂的体积比为(1~3):(60~100);所述g-C3N4纳米片与酸的质量体积比为(1~2)g:(1~3)mL;
步骤2)中所述钛酸丁酯与g-C3N4纳米片的体积质量比为(1~4)mL: (1~2)g;
步骤3)中所述氨水中氨的质量浓度为25%~28%;所述氨水与钛酸丁酯的体积比为(0.3~0.6):1;
步骤4)中所述煅烧的温度为400~450℃;所述煅烧的时间为2~3 h;
所述g-C3N4纳米片通过以下方法制备得到:
将三聚氰胺于500~600℃煅烧3~5h,冷却,得到块状石墨相氮化碳g-C3N4;研磨成粉末状,以4~6℃/min升温至500~600℃保温煅烧2.5~3.5h,获得g-C3N4纳米片;所述将三聚氰胺于500~600℃煅烧是指以1~5℃/min升温至500~600℃进行煅烧;
步骤2)中所述钛酸丁酯通过滴加的方式加入混合物A中;步骤2)所述混匀是指在搅拌的条件下混匀;搅拌的时间为20~30min;
步骤3)中所述氨水通过滴加的方式加入混合物B中;步骤3)所述混匀是在搅拌的条件下进行,搅拌的时间为40~60min。
2.根据权利要求1所述石墨相氮化碳复合光催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤4)中所述干燥的温度为100℃~120℃;所述干燥的时间为10~16h;步骤4)中所述煅烧的升温速率为3~5℃/分钟。
3.一种由权利要求1~2任一项所述制备方法制备得到的石墨相氮化碳复合光催化剂。
4.根据权利要求3所述石墨相氮化碳复合光催化剂在光催化制氢中的应用。
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN202110386015.6A CN113209998B (zh) | 2021-04-09 | 2021-04-09 | 一种石墨相氮化碳复合光催化剂及其制备方法 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN202110386015.6A CN113209998B (zh) | 2021-04-09 | 2021-04-09 | 一种石墨相氮化碳复合光催化剂及其制备方法 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN113209998A CN113209998A (zh) | 2021-08-06 |
CN113209998B true CN113209998B (zh) | 2022-09-20 |
Family
ID=77086905
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN202110386015.6A Active CN113209998B (zh) | 2021-04-09 | 2021-04-09 | 一种石墨相氮化碳复合光催化剂及其制备方法 |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
CN (1) | CN113209998B (zh) |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN114602527A (zh) * | 2022-03-31 | 2022-06-10 | 浙江省科创新材料研究院 | 一种g-C3N4/TiO2纳米异质结光催化剂的原位制备方法 |
CN115318321A (zh) * | 2022-07-18 | 2022-11-11 | 西安交通大学 | 一种二氧化钛/石墨相氮化碳纳米复合材料的制备方法 |
CN115608400B (zh) * | 2022-10-12 | 2024-04-02 | 金宏气体股份有限公司 | 催化剂、其制备方法及其应用 |
CN115739159A (zh) * | 2022-12-07 | 2023-03-07 | 浙江科磊新材料有限公司 | 一种海泡石-氮化碳复合光催化剂的制备方法及其制品和应用 |
CN117209844A (zh) * | 2023-08-28 | 2023-12-12 | 蚌埠市天宇高温树脂材料有限公司 | 含锆、钛的层状石墨氮化碳纳米片及其制备方法与应用 |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN107442150A (zh) * | 2017-02-09 | 2017-12-08 | 中国科学院理化技术研究所 | 一种二维锐钛矿TiO2/g‑C3N4复合材料及其制备方法和应用 |
CN109046432A (zh) * | 2018-08-30 | 2018-12-21 | 广州大学 | 介孔氮化碳的制备方法、N-TiO2/g-C3N4复合光催化剂及其制备方法 |
CN109107601A (zh) * | 2018-09-27 | 2019-01-01 | 景德镇陶瓷大学 | 一种石墨相氮化碳纳米片基复合光催化材料及其制备方法和应用 |
WO2019239129A1 (en) * | 2018-06-12 | 2019-12-19 | Oxford University Innovation Limited | Photocatalyst and use thereof |
CN110721726A (zh) * | 2019-10-31 | 2020-01-24 | 温州涂屋信息科技有限公司 | 一种CdS-g-C3N4负载纳米TiO2的光催化产氢复合催化剂及其制法 |
-
2021
- 2021-04-09 CN CN202110386015.6A patent/CN113209998B/zh active Active
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN107442150A (zh) * | 2017-02-09 | 2017-12-08 | 中国科学院理化技术研究所 | 一种二维锐钛矿TiO2/g‑C3N4复合材料及其制备方法和应用 |
WO2019239129A1 (en) * | 2018-06-12 | 2019-12-19 | Oxford University Innovation Limited | Photocatalyst and use thereof |
CN109046432A (zh) * | 2018-08-30 | 2018-12-21 | 广州大学 | 介孔氮化碳的制备方法、N-TiO2/g-C3N4复合光催化剂及其制备方法 |
CN109107601A (zh) * | 2018-09-27 | 2019-01-01 | 景德镇陶瓷大学 | 一种石墨相氮化碳纳米片基复合光催化材料及其制备方法和应用 |
CN110721726A (zh) * | 2019-10-31 | 2020-01-24 | 温州涂屋信息科技有限公司 | 一种CdS-g-C3N4负载纳米TiO2的光催化产氢复合催化剂及其制法 |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
---|
g-C3N4/TiO2复合材料光催化降解布洛芬的机制;苏海英等;《中国环境科学》;20170120;第37卷(第1期);第195-202页 * |
Removal of Microcystis aeruginosa and Microcystin-LR using a graphitic-C3N4/TiO2 floating photocatalyst under visible light irradiation;Jingke Song,et al.;《Chemical Engineering Journal》;20180426;第348卷;第380-388页 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN113209998A (zh) | 2021-08-06 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
CN113209998B (zh) | 一种石墨相氮化碳复合光催化剂及其制备方法 | |
Han et al. | Defective ultra-thin two-dimensional g-C3N4 photocatalyst for enhanced photocatalytic H2 evolution activity | |
Xu et al. | Enhanced photocatalytic activity by the construction of a TiO 2/carbon nitride nanosheets heterostructure with high surface area via direct interfacial assembly | |
Ong et al. | Self-assembly of nitrogen-doped TiO 2 with exposed {001} facets on a graphene scaffold as photo-active hybrid nanostructures for reduction of carbon dioxide to methane | |
Yu et al. | Exceedingly high photocatalytic activity of g-C3N4/Gd-N-TiO2 composite with nanoscale heterojunctions | |
CN107876087B (zh) | 甲胺铅碘-还原氧化石墨烯复合光催化材料的制备及其光催化制氢的应用 | |
Hou et al. | Synergistic effect of {101} crystal facet and bulk/surface oxygen vacancy ratio on the photocatalytic hydrogen production of TiO2 | |
CN106824213B (zh) | 一种钴氧化物掺杂的碱式碳酸铋/氯氧化铋光催化剂及其制备方法 | |
CN105854863B (zh) | 一种C/ZnO/TiO2复合纳米光催化材料的制备方法 | |
Li et al. | A systemic study on Gd, Fe and N co-doped TiO2 nanomaterials for enhanced photocatalytic activity under visible light irradiation | |
Jang et al. | Atomic layer deposition with rotary reactor for uniform hetero-junction photocatalyst, gC 3 N 4@ TiO 2 core–shell structures | |
CN111729682A (zh) | 一种光催化剂g-C3N4/RGO/Bi2O3及其制备方法 | |
He et al. | Enhanced photocatalytic performance of sensitized mesoporous TiO 2 nanoparticles by carbon mesostructures | |
CN110721698A (zh) | 一种钒酸铋/钒酸铜复合光催化剂及其制备方法和应用 | |
Kang et al. | Preparation of Zn2GeO4 nanosheets with MIL-125 (Ti) hybrid photocatalyst for improved photodegradation of organic pollutants | |
CN111604063A (zh) | g-C3N4/In2Se3复合光催化剂及其制备方法和应用 | |
CN109261189B (zh) | 一种TiO2-CuO/g-C3N4复合纳米材料的合成方法及在CO2光催化还原中的应用 | |
CN114618537A (zh) | 一种红磷/钛酸锶异质结光催化剂及制备方法及应用 | |
Lee et al. | Two in one is really better: NiAl-LDH/[CoNi (μ3-tp) 2 (μ2-py) 2] nanocomposite for enhanced antibiotic norfloxacin degradation and H2 evolution reaction | |
CN113493221B (zh) | 一种二氧化钼/二氧化钛纳米复合材料及其制备方法和应用 | |
Yuan et al. | High-efficient mineralization of formaldehyde by three-dimensional “PIZZA”-like bismuth molybdate-titania/diatomite composite | |
Gong et al. | Enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen production performance of g-C3N4 with rich carbon vacancies | |
Morais et al. | Scope for spherical Bi 2 WO 6 Quazi-perovskites in the artificial photosynthesis reaction—the effects of surface modification with amine groups | |
CN114887640B (zh) | 一种非晶Ru-RuOx复合纳米颗粒催化剂的制备方法及应用 | |
Pei et al. | Effects of solvent‐induced morphology evolution of Zn2GeO4 on photocatalytic activities of g‐C3N4/Zn2GeO4 composites |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PB01 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
GR01 | Patent grant | ||
GR01 | Patent grant |