CN113202492A - TBM grading anti-blocking and anti-poverty-escaping construction method for tunnel in weak and broken stratum - Google Patents
TBM grading anti-blocking and anti-poverty-escaping construction method for tunnel in weak and broken stratum Download PDFInfo
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- CN113202492A CN113202492A CN202110541682.7A CN202110541682A CN113202492A CN 113202492 A CN113202492 A CN 113202492A CN 202110541682 A CN202110541682 A CN 202110541682A CN 113202492 A CN113202492 A CN 113202492A
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/06—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining
- E21D9/08—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining with additional boring or cutting means other than the conventional cutting edge of the shield
- E21D9/087—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining with additional boring or cutting means other than the conventional cutting edge of the shield with a rotary drilling-head cutting simultaneously the whole cross-section, i.e. full-face machines
- E21D9/0873—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining with additional boring or cutting means other than the conventional cutting edge of the shield with a rotary drilling-head cutting simultaneously the whole cross-section, i.e. full-face machines the shield being provided with devices for lining the tunnel, e.g. shuttering
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
- E21D11/10—Lining with building materials with concrete cast in situ; Shuttering also lost shutterings, e.g. made of blocks, of metal plates or other equipment adapted therefor
- E21D11/105—Transport or application of concrete specially adapted for the lining of tunnels or galleries ; Backfilling the space between main building element and the surrounding rock, e.g. with concrete
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/06—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining
- E21D9/0642—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining the shield having means for additional processing at the front end
- E21D9/0657—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining the shield having means for additional processing at the front end structurally associated with rock crushers
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F17/00—Methods or devices for use in mines or tunnels, not covered elsewhere
- E21F17/18—Special adaptations of signalling or alarm devices
Abstract
The invention relates to a tunnel TBM (tunnel boring machine) graded anti-blocking and anti-escaping construction method for a weak broken stratum, which comprises the steps of establishing a corresponding relation between a wave velocity difference acquired by a seismic wave detector and a rock quality index acquired by a lead drilling machine through drilling and coring, and dividing the broken grade of surrounding rock into four grade standards of slight breaking, medium breaking, serious breaking and extreme breaking; and determining different TBM anti-sticking escaping methods according to different surrounding rock crushing grades. The method can reasonably evaluate the surrounding rock crushing grade in front of the tunnel, is convenient for a construction site to adopt a reasonable TBM anti-blocking and escaping method according to the surrounding rock crushing grade, avoids the problem that the TBM is frequently blocked or difficult to escape to delay the construction period due to improper measures, and is beneficial to improving the construction efficiency of the TBM.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of TBM construction, and particularly relates to a TBM graded anti-sticking and anti-trapping construction method for a tunnel in a weak and broken stratum.
Background
With the rapid development of the capital construction industry in China, a full-face rock Tunnel Boring Machine (TBM) is widely applied to mountain tunnel construction, however, the geological conditions of mountain tunnels are complex and changeable, and particularly for weak and broken stratums, the conditions of surrounding rock collapse and TBM blockage frequently occur, so that the TBM stops, the construction period is delayed, and the TBM construction efficiency is severely restricted. The TBM pre-avoiding and rapid escaping is a main measure for coping with the collapse of surrounding rocks in the tunneling process. However, at present, no complete anti-blocking and escaping construction technology for the TBM blocking disaster of the weak broken stratum exists, and the reasons are as follows:
(1) a quantitative grading method for the crushing degree of surrounding rocks of a weak crushed stratum is lacked, effective prediction of TBM (tunnel boring machine) blocking disasters is difficult to achieve in the tunneling process, and measures are passively taken after problems often occur;
(2) according to different surrounding rock crushing degrees and blocking disasters, surrounding rock reinforcement is carried out depending on experience, various conceivable reinforcing means are completely superposed blindly, the material cost and the labor cost are greatly increased, and the theoretical guidance of a system is lacked.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a TBM graded anti-blocking and anti-trapped-escaping construction method for a tunnel in a weak broken stratum, which aims to solve the problems that the collapse of surrounding rocks in the weak broken stratum easily causes the disasters of a TBM blocking machine and the safe and efficient tunneling is difficult, and the specific scheme is as follows:
a TBM grading anti-blocking escaping construction method for a tunnel in a weak broken stratum comprises the following operation steps:
step 1: establishing a corresponding relation between the wave velocity difference acquired by the detection of the seismic wave detector and rock quality indexes acquired by drilling and coring of a lead drilling machine, and dividing the surrounding rock crushing grade into four grade standards of slight crushing, medium crushing, severe crushing and extreme crushing;
step 2: determining different TBM anti-blocking and escaping methods according to different surrounding rock crushing grades in the step 1:
when the crushing grade of the surrounding rock is slight crushing, consolidating the unconsolidated formation in front of the cutter head by adopting a glass fiber tube chemical grouting method to prevent unconsolidated rock blocks from accumulating in front of the cutter head and clamping the cutter head;
when the crushing grade of the surrounding rock is medium crushing, firstly, chemical grouting is carried out in front of the cutter head through a glass fiber pipe, then a first steel pipe shed is additionally arranged above the shield, and chemical grouting is carried out to consolidate a loose stratum so as to prevent loose rock blocks from accumulating above the shield and blocking the shield;
when the crushing grade of the surrounding rock is severe, firstly excavating a pilot tunnel above the shield to the front of the cutter head to clean the crushed rock mass in front of the cutter head to help the cutter head to get rid of the trouble, then establishing a second steel pipe shed at the top of the pilot tunnel, and stabilizing the surrounding crushed stratum by a cement grouting method;
when the surrounding rock crushing grade is extreme crushing, firstly, a large-range expanding excavation method is used for helping the shield to get rid of the trouble above the shield, then the crushed rock blocks in front of the cutter head are cleaned to help the cutter head to get rid of the trouble, then a third steel pipe shed is built around the expanding excavation range at the top of the shield, and the front crushed stratum is strengthened in advance through a cement grouting method.
Based on the above, the method for dividing the surrounding rock crushing grade by establishing the corresponding relation between the wave velocity difference acquired by the seismic wave detector and the rock quality index acquired by drilling coring in the step 1 comprises the following steps:
when the rock quality index RQD =100 acquired by drilling and coring of the lead drilling machine, the wave speed acquired by the detection of the seismic wave detector is marked as v0(ii) a When the rock quality index RQD =65 acquired by drilling and coring of the lead drilling machine, the wave velocity v detected by the seismic wave detector1And gives v1And v0Wave velocity difference Δ v of1=v0-v1(ii) a When the rock quality index RQD =45 acquired by drilling and coring of the lead drilling machine, the wave velocity detected by the seismic wave detector is v2And gives v2And v0Wave velocity difference Δ v of2=v0-v2(ii) a When the rock quality index RQD =25 acquired by drilling and coring of the lead drilling machine, the wave velocity detected by the seismic wave detector is v3And gives v3And v0Wave velocity difference Δ v of3=v0-v3(ii) a According to the wave velocity difference delta v acquired by the detection of the seismic wave detector and the rock quality index RQD acquired by drilling coring, the surrounding rock crushing degree is divided into four stages: RQD > 65 or Δ v < Δ v1When necessary, the mixture is slightly broken; RQD is more than 45 and less than or equal to 65 or delta v1≤Δv＜Δv2When in use, the mixture is crushed moderately; RQD is more than 25 and less than or equal to 45 or delta v2≤Δv＜Δv3In time, it was severely broken; RQD is less than or equal to 25 or delta v is more than or equal to delta v3In time, the powder was extremely crushed.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has outstanding substantive characteristics and remarkable progress, and particularly has the following advantages:
the method can adopt a reasonable means to avoid and escape the TBM according to the crushing degree of the surrounding rock, and can avoid the TBM from being blocked and ensure the TBM to smoothly tunnel by adopting a reinforcing means when the surrounding rock is slightly crushed and moderately crushed by the TBM; when the TBM face seriously breaks the surrounding rock and extremely breaks the surrounding rock, the expanding excavation measures are adopted to help the TBM get rid of the trouble in time and reduce the construction period delayed by the TBM blocking machine; and the additionally increased material and labor cost of blind excessive reinforcement can be reduced, so that the engineering construction is more economic and reasonable.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a general flow chart of a TBM grading anti-sticking escaping construction method for a tunnel in a weak broken stratum provided by the invention;
FIG. 2 is a front view of construction when surrounding rocks are slightly broken;
FIG. 3 is a front view of construction during moderate crushing of surrounding rocks;
FIG. 4 is a sectional view of construction in case of moderate crushing of surrounding rocks;
FIG. 5 is a front view of construction when surrounding rocks are severely crushed;
FIG. 6 is a construction sectional view when the surrounding rock is severely crushed;
fig. 7 is a construction sectional view when the surrounding rock is extremely crushed.
In the figure: 1. a shield; 2. a cutter head; 3. a glass fiber tube; 4. a first steel pipe shed; 5. guiding a hole; 6. a second steel pipe shed; HW150 section steel; 8. and a third steel pipe shed.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail by the following embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1-7, the invention provides a TBM graded anti-sticking and escaping construction method for a weak broken stratum tunnel, which comprises the following operation steps:
step 1: establishing a corresponding relation between the wave velocity difference acquired by the detection of the seismic wave detector and rock quality indexes acquired by drilling and coring of a lead drilling machine, and dividing the surrounding rock crushing grade into four grade standards of slight crushing, medium crushing, severe crushing and extreme crushing;
step 2: determining different TBM anti-blocking and escaping methods according to different surrounding rock crushing grades in the step 1:
when the crushing grade of the surrounding rock is slight crushing, consolidating the unconsolidated formation in front of the cutter head 2 by adopting a chemical grouting method of a glass fiber pipe 3 to prevent unconsolidated rock blocks from accumulating in front of the cutter head 2 and clamping the cutter head 2;
when the crushing grade of the surrounding rock is medium crushing, firstly, chemical grouting is carried out in front of the cutter head 2 through a glass fiber pipe 3, then a first steel pipe shed 4 is additionally arranged above the shield 1, and chemical grouting is carried out to consolidate a loose stratum so as to prevent loose rock blocks from being stuck to the shield 1 in an accumulated manner above the shield 1;
when the crushing grade of the surrounding rock is severe, firstly excavating a pilot tunnel 5 above the shield 1 to clean the crushed rock mass in front of the cutter head 2 to help the cutter head 2 to get rid of the trouble, then establishing a second steel pipe shed 6 at the top of the pilot tunnel 5, and stabilizing the surrounding crushed stratum by a cement grouting method;
when the surrounding rock crushing grade is extremely crushed, firstly, a large-range expanding excavation method is carried out above the shield 1 to help the shield 1 get rid of the trouble, then the crushed rock blocks in front of the cutter head 2 are cleaned to help the cutter head 2 get rid of the trouble, then a third steel pipe shed 8 is built around the expanding excavation range at the top of the shield 1, and the front crushed stratum is strengthened in advance through a cement grouting method.
In the step 1, the method for dividing the crushing grade of the surrounding rock by establishing a corresponding relation between the wave velocity difference acquired by the seismic wave detector and the rock quality index acquired by drilling coring comprises the following steps:
when the rock quality index RQD =100 acquired by drilling and coring of the lead drilling machine, the wave speed acquired by the detection of the seismic wave detector is marked as v0(ii) a When the rock quality index RQD =65 acquired by drilling and coring of the lead drilling machine, the wave velocity v detected by the seismic wave detector1And gives v1And v0Wave velocity difference Δ v of1=v0-v1(ii) a When the rock quality index RQD =45 acquired by drilling and coring of the lead drilling machine, the wave velocity detected by the seismic wave detector is v2And gives v2And v0Wave velocity difference Δ v of2=v0-v2(ii) a When the rock quality index RQD =25 acquired by drilling and coring of the lead drilling machine, the wave velocity detected by the seismic wave detector is v3And gives v3And v0Wave velocity difference Δ v of3=v0-v3(ii) a According to the wave velocity difference delta v acquired by the detection of the seismic wave detector and the rock quality index RQD acquired by drilling coring, the surrounding rock crushing degree is divided into four stages: RQD > 65 or Δ v < Δ v1When necessary, the mixture is slightly broken; RQD is more than 45 and less than or equal to 65 or delta v1≤Δv＜Δv2When in use, the mixture is crushed moderately; RQD is more than 25 and less than or equal to 45 or delta v2≤Δv＜Δv3In time, it was severely broken; RQD is less than or equal to 25 or delta v is more than or equal to delta v3In time, the powder was extremely crushed.
Example 4, when the surrounding rock crushing grade is extreme crushing, the large-range expanding excavation range is a sector area of 120 degrees above the shield 1, and the expanding excavation height is 1 m; and establishing a third steel pipe shed 8 with a horizontal steel pipe at the top of the expanded excavation range, and reinforcing the broken stratum in front in advance by a cement grouting method, wherein the diameter of the used steel pipe is 89mm, and the length of the used steel pipe is 15-20 m.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention and not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art will understand that: modifications to the specific embodiments of the invention or equivalent substitutions for parts of the technical features may be made; without departing from the spirit of the present invention, it is intended to cover all aspects of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (2)
1. A TBM grading anti-blocking escaping construction method for a tunnel in a weak broken stratum is characterized by comprising the following operation steps:
step 1: establishing a corresponding relation between the wave velocity difference acquired by the detection of the seismic wave detector and rock quality indexes acquired by drilling and coring of a lead drilling machine, and dividing the surrounding rock crushing grade into four grade standards of slight crushing, medium crushing, severe crushing and extreme crushing;
step 2: determining different TBM anti-blocking and escaping methods according to different surrounding rock crushing grades in the step 1:
when the crushing grade of the surrounding rock is slight crushing, consolidating the loose stratum in front of the cutter head (2) by adopting a method of chemical grouting of a glass fiber pipe (3) so as to prevent loose rock blocks from accumulating in front of the cutter head (2) and clamping the cutter head (2);
when the crushing grade of the surrounding rock is medium, firstly, chemical grouting is carried out in front of the cutter head (2) through a glass fiber pipe (3), then a first steel pipe shed (4) is additionally arranged above the shield (1), and chemical grouting is carried out to consolidate a loose stratum, so that loose rock blocks are prevented from accumulating above the shield (1) and blocking the shield (1);
when the surrounding rock crushing grade is severe, firstly excavating a pilot tunnel (5) above the shield (1) to clean crushed rock blocks in front of the cutter head (2) to help the cutter head (2) to get rid of the trouble, then establishing a second steel pipe shed (6) at the top of the pilot tunnel (5), and stabilizing the surrounding crushed stratum by a cement grouting method;
when the surrounding rock crushing grade is extreme crushing, firstly, a large-range expanding excavation method is used above a shield (1) to help the shield (1) to get rid of the trouble, then the crushed rock in front of a cutter head (2) is cleaned to help the cutter head (2) to get rid of the trouble, then a third steel pipe shed (8) is built around the expanding excavation range at the top of the shield (1), and the front crushed stratum is strengthened in advance through a cement grouting method.
2. The TBM grading anti-blocking and anti-stranded-escaping construction method for the weak broken formation tunnel according to claim 1, is characterized in that:
in the step 1, the method for dividing the crushing grade of the surrounding rock by establishing a corresponding relation between the wave velocity difference acquired by the seismic wave detector and the rock quality index acquired by drilling coring comprises the following steps:
when the rock quality index RQD obtained by drilling and coring of the lead drilling machine is =100, the earthquake occursThe wave velocity obtained by the wave detector is marked as v0(ii) a When the rock quality index RQD =65 acquired by drilling and coring of the lead drilling machine, the wave velocity v detected by the seismic wave detector1And gives v1And v0Wave velocity difference Δ v of1=v0-v1(ii) a When the rock quality index RQD =45 acquired by drilling and coring of the lead drilling machine, the wave velocity detected by the seismic wave detector is v2And gives v2And v0Wave velocity difference Δ v of2=v0-v2(ii) a When the rock quality index RQD =25 acquired by drilling and coring of the lead drilling machine, the wave velocity detected by the seismic wave detector is v3And gives v3And v0Wave velocity difference Δ v of3=v0-v3(ii) a According to the wave velocity difference delta v acquired by the detection of the seismic wave detector and the rock quality index RQD acquired by drilling coring, the surrounding rock crushing degree is divided into four stages: RQD > 65 or Δ v < Δ v1When necessary, the mixture is slightly broken; RQD is more than 45 and less than or equal to 65 or delta v1≤Δv＜Δv2When in use, the mixture is crushed moderately; RQD is more than 25 and less than or equal to 45 or delta v2≤Δv＜Δv3In time, it was severely broken; RQD is less than or equal to 25 or delta v is more than or equal to delta v3In time, the powder was extremely crushed.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114109421A (en) * | 2021-12-03 | 2022-03-01 | 中铁隧道局集团有限公司 | Construction method for open TBM (tunnel boring machine) through long fault fracture zone |
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