CN113201841B - 含有PBI-p纤维的织物 - Google Patents

含有PBI-p纤维的织物 Download PDF

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CN113201841B
CN113201841B CN202110467851.7A CN202110467851A CN113201841B CN 113201841 B CN113201841 B CN 113201841B CN 202110467851 A CN202110467851 A CN 202110467851A CN 113201841 B CN113201841 B CN 113201841B
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布莱恩·P·希尔斯
黛安·B·赫斯
威廉·L·劳森三世
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Abstract

一种用于热防护应用的织物,包括:重量比为5‑40%的PBI‑p纤维,余量为常规纤维,所述织物具有相同或更好的阻燃和/或耐热性能,并且织物重量小于用等量PBI‑s纤维代替PBI‑p纤维制成的等效织物。一种用于热防护应用的织物,包括:重量比为5‑40%的PBI‑p纤维与PBI‑s纤维的共混物,余量为常规纤维,所述织物具有相同或更好的阻燃和/或耐热性能以及织物重量小于用等量PBI‑s纤维代替PBI‑p纤维制成的等效织物。

Description

含有PBI-p纤维的织物
本申请为分案申请,原优先权日是2016年2月8日;原国际申请日是2017年1月24日;原国际申请号为PCT/US2017/014647;进入中国国家阶段的日期是2018年9月14日,中国申请号是201780017728.7;原发明名称是《含有PBI-p纤维的织物》。
发明领域
本发明涉及用膦酸化聚苯并咪唑(PBI-p)制造的织物。
发明背景
在EJ Powers和G.A.Serad的文章“History and Development ofPolybenzimidazole(聚苯并咪唑的历史和发展)”(1986年4月15日至18日提出并发表于High Performance Polymers:Their Origin and Development[高性能聚合物:它们的起源和开发)]中,公开了具有重量比27%吸收(或携带)的磷酸(H3PO4)的聚苯并咪唑(PBI)聚合物,可用作非常好的热氧化稳定的纤维,见19-20页和表十三。Powers和Serad教导说,膦酸化PBI通过将PBI薄膜浸泡在2%磷酸水溶液中制备,第20页。
迄今为止,已得到商业化提供的聚苯并咪唑纤维是磺化的,即纺丝后的织物用重量比20%的硫酸水溶液(H2SO4)处理,其产生重量比24%的APU(酸携带)磺化PBI纤维(PBI-s)。这种磺化PBI纤维获得了巨大的商业成功,例如用于消防员的消防服中,因为它具有约41%的LOI(极限氧指数,ASTM D2863)。
目前,正在探索膦酸化聚苯并咪唑(PBI-p)纤维的商业性引入。PBI-p纤维在2016年6月27日提交的序列号No.15/193,206的美国专利申请中进行了探讨,该专利申请通过引用并入本文。希望这些新型PBI-p纤维能够使新型的轻质织物比以前仅用PBI-s纤维的商业化织物具有更高的阻燃和耐热性能。例如,这些新的PBI-p织物可用于消防员的消防服。新的织物可以使消防服重量更轻,并能为消防员提供相同或更好的保护。
在一些热防护应用中,例如,消防员的消防服,需要具有较小重量但具有相同或更好的阻燃和/或耐热性能的织物。目前,当消防员在执行任务时死亡,死亡原因更有可能是由于热应激引起的一些突发性心脏事件,而不是由于实际火灾造成的死亡。较轻的服装可以减少热应激。但是,消防员仍然需要相同的防火焰保护。因此,寻找用于服装的新型织物,其重量较轻,但具有相同或更好的阻燃和/或耐热性能。
因此,需要新的织物比现有的那些具有更轻的重量和相当或更好的阻燃和/或耐热性能,并且新的织物可以用PBI-p纤维制成。
CN103622186A没有公开PBI-p纤维。
US5277981A没有建议APU,其第7栏第37-53行记载,在稀磷酸溶液(10%或更低,优选5%)中吸收纤维,因此,纤维不能与足够的酸接触以获得理想的APU。
CN1147018C涉及燃料电池,但不涉及任何与织物纤维相关的内容,更没有公开织物纤维的重量为根据本发明的1.0-2.0旦尼尔/长丝。
US2002/0182967A1没有公开动态火焰特性比该等效织物至少大28%。
现有技术没有教导通过将PBI-p纤维引入要求保护的织物中而获得的动态火焰特性。
附图说明
图1和图2中示出了动态火焰测试中使用的动态火焰套件(DFK)。
参照附图,其中相同的数字表示相同的元件。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供了一种用于热防护应用的织物,其具有较小重量但具有相同或更好的阻燃和/或耐热性能的织物。
一种用于热防护应用的织物包括:重量比为5-40%的PBI-p纤维,余量为常规纤维,所述织物具有相同或更好的阻燃和/或耐热性能,并且织物重量小于用等量PBI-s纤维代替PBI-p纤维制成的等效织物。一种用于热防护应用的织物可包括:重量比为5-40%的PBI-p纤维与PBI-s纤维的共混物,余量为常规纤维,所述织物具有相同或更好的阻燃和/或耐热性能以及织物重量小于用等量PBI-s纤维代替PBI-p纤维制成的等效织物。
根据本发明的一个方面,提供了一种用于热防护应用的织物,包括:
重量比为5-40%的PBI-p纤维,余量为常规纤维,
其中,所述织物具有相同或更好的阻燃和/或耐热性能,并且织物重量小于用等量PBI-s纤维代替PBI-p纤维制成的等效织物。
优选地,所述织物的重量范围为1.0-6.5osy。
优选地,所述热防护应用包括:消防员的消防服、帐篷、电弧闪光防护装置、汽车应用、汽车装备、航天服、航天器和电子设备。
优选地,所述织物是织造的、针织的或非织造的。
优选地,所述常规纤维由以下材料制成:棉、羊毛、聚烯烃、聚酰胺、丙烯酸、聚酯、芳香族聚酰胺、纤维素、碳、聚苯并恶唑、三聚氰胺、聚酰胺酰亚胺、聚酰亚胺、聚苯硫醚、聚氟化物、聚醚酮,及其组合物和共混物。
优选地,所述阻燃性能包括:动态火焰;垂直火焰(ASTM D6413);热防护性能(NFPA1971/ISO17492);TPP暴露后(ISO17492)的球破裂(ASTM D3787);及其组合。
优选地,所述耐热性包括:热收缩率(ASTM F2894/ISO17493);及其与该热收缩率的组合。
根据本发明的另外一个方面,提供了一种用于热防护应用的织物,包括:
重量比为5-40%的PBI-p纤维与PBI-s纤维的共混物,余量为常规纤维,PBI-s纤维的量大于PBI-p纤维的量,
其中,所述织物具有相同或更好的阻燃和/或耐热性能,并且织物重量小于用等量PBI-s纤维代替PBI-p纤维制成的等效织物。
优选地,所述织物的重量范围为1.0-6.5osy。
优选地,所述热防护应用包括:消防员的消防服、帐篷、电弧闪光防护装置、汽车应用、汽车装备、航天服、航天器和电子设备。
优选地,所述织物是织造的、针织的或非织造的。
优选地,所述常规纤维由以下材料制成:棉、羊毛、聚烯烃、聚酰胺、丙烯酸、聚酯、芳香族聚酰胺、纤维素、碳、聚苯并恶唑、三聚氰胺、聚酰胺酰亚胺、聚酰亚胺、聚苯硫醚、聚氟化物、聚醚酮、及其组合物和共混物。
优选地,所述阻燃性能包括:动态火焰;垂直火焰(ASTM D6413);热防护性能(NFPA1971/ISO17492);TPP暴露后(ISO17492)的球破裂(ASTM D3787);及其组合。
优选地,所述耐热性能包括:热收缩率(ASTM F2894/ISO174493);及其与该热收缩率的组合。
根据本发明,用于热防护织物,包括消防员的消防服,其具有较小重量但具有相同或更好的阻燃和/或耐热性能的织物。
根据本发明,消防员较轻的服装可以减少热应激,具有相同的防火焰保护。
根据本发明的新的织物比现有技术具有更轻的重量和相当或更好的阻燃和/或耐热性能,并且新的织物可以用PBI-p纤维制成。
发明详述
在一个实施方案中,所述织物的特征在于具有重量比5-40%的PBI-p纤维,余量为其他常规纤维,所述织物具有相同或更好的阻燃和耐热性能以及织物重量(例如,基重或面积重量-osy[盎司每平方码]或gsm[克每平方米])小于用等量PBI-s纤维代替PBI-p纤维制成的等效织物。在另一个实施方案中,所述织物的特征在于具有重量比5-40%的PBI-p纤维与PBI-s纤维的共混物,余量是其他常规纤维,PBI-s纤维的量大于PBI-p纤维的量,所述织物具有相同或更好的阻燃和耐热性能以及织物重量(例如,基重或面积重量-osy[盎司每平方码]或gsm[克每平方米])用等量PBI-s纤维代替PBI-p纤维制成的等效织物。
织物,如本文所用,指任何织物。织物可以是织造织物、针织织物、非织造织物或它们的组合。所述织物可具有任何重量(例如,基重或面积重量-osy[盎司每平方码]或gsm[克每平方米])。在一些实施方案中,所述织物重量可以在1.0-6.5osy的范围内(和其中包括的所有或任何子集)。在一些实施方案中,所述织物重量(osy)范围的下限可以是:1.0、1.25、1.5、1.75、2.0、2.25、2.5、2.75、3.0、3.25、3.5、3.75、4.0、4.25、4.5、4.75和5.0。在一些实施方案中,所述织物重量(osy)范围的上限可以是:6.5、6.25、6.0、5.75、5.5、5.25、5.0、4.75、4.5。在涉及织造织物的一些实施方案中,所述织物的重量范围可以为4.0-6.5osy,或4.5-6.0osy,或4.75-6.0osy。
所述织物可用于任何应用(或最终用途)。所述织物可用在热防护应用中。示例性的热防护应用包括但不限于:消防员的消防服、帐篷、弧闪保护装置、汽车应用、汽车装备、航天服、航天器和电子设备。
纤维,如本文所用,指任何纤维。纤维可以是短纤维(或短切长度)或长丝(或纤维长度>>纤维直径或无限长度)。纤维可具有任何重量(例如,旦尼尔或TEX)。
PBI-p纤维指用重量比4-30%[或4-30%磷酸携带(APU)]范围内的磷酸膦化的PBI纤维。磷酸(水溶液)的浓度可以≥重量比10-85%;关于酸浓度和APU的进一步细节可以在例如2016年6月27日提交的USSN 15/193,206中找到,其通过引用并入本文。与市售的磺化PBI纤维相比,PBI-p纤维具有更高的热氧化稳定性。磷酸范围包括其中包括的任何和所有子范围。在另一个实施方案中,所述PBI-p纤维具有5-25重量%范围内的磷酸(APU)。在另一个实施方案中,所述PBI-p纤维具有重量比6-20%范围内的磷酸(APU)。在另一个实施方案中,PBI-p纤维具有重量比约18%的磷酸(APU)。所述磷酸范围的上限可以是:30、29、28、27、26、25、24、23、22、21、20、19、18、17、16、15、14、13、12、11和10。在另一个实施方案中,所述PBI-p纤维可具有60+%的LOI。LOI或极限氧指数由ATSM D2863测量。LOI是纤维特性而不是织物特性。因此,可获得热氧化稳定的纤维而无需重量比27%的磷酸携带。由于环境中与磷酸盐相关的负面影响,这可能是重要的。所述PBI-p纤维的重量可以在1.0-2.0旦尼尔/长丝(dpf)的范围内,在一个实施方案中,纤维重量可以是1.5dpf。
PBI-s纤维指目前可从北卡罗莱纳州夏洛特的PBI Performance Products,Inc.(公司)获得的市售PBI纤维。
常规纤维,如本文所用,指任何常规纤维。在一个实施方案中,这些常规纤维指天然和合成纤维。所述常规纤维可以经过或不经过阻燃剂处理(FR处理)。天然纤维可以是棉和/或羊毛。合成纤维可以由例如聚烯烃(例如聚乙烯、聚丙烯等)、聚酰胺(例如尼龙等)、丙烯酸(和/或改性聚丙烯腈)、聚酯(例如PET、PBT、PEN)、芳香族聚酰胺(如间位芳香族聚酰胺、对位芳香族聚酰胺)、纤维素(例如人造丝、Lyocel)、碳、聚苯并恶唑(PBO)、三聚氰胺、聚酰胺酰亚胺、聚酰亚胺、聚苯硫醚(PPS)、聚氟化物(如PTFE)、聚醚酮(例如,PEK、PEEK、PEEKK、PEKK等)以及它们的组合物和共混物制成。
通过任何常规方法将纤维纺成纱线。所述纱线可以由单一纤维或纤维共混物制成。示例性共混物包括但不限于PBI-p纤维和常规纤维,或PBI-p、PBI-s和常规纤维等。纱线可包括PBI-p,其重量比范围为织物的5-40%。具有PBI-p纤维和PBI-s纤维的共混物的纱线可具有PBI-p:PBI-s重量比在20-100:0-80的范围内。在一个实施方案中,所述纱线可以是PBI-p和芳香族聚酰胺(例如对位芳香族聚酰胺)的共混物,其具有重量比5-40%的PBI-p和重量比60-95%的芳香族聚酰胺(例如对位芳香族聚酰胺)的示例性重量比。在另一个实施方案中,所述纱线可以是PBI-p、PBI-s和芳香族聚酰胺(例如对位芳香族聚酰胺)的共混物,其具有例如7-40:0-33:60或10-40:0-30:60(PBI-p:PBI-s:芳香族聚酰胺[例如,对位芳香族聚酰胺)]的示例性重量比。
在一个实施方案中,所述织物可具有PBI-p纤维,其重量范围为织物重量的约5-40%。在另一个实施方案中,所述织物可具有PBI-p与PBI-s纤维的共混物,其重量范围为织物重量的约5-40%。在一个实施方案中,所述织物可以是PBI-p和芳香族聚酰胺(例如对位芳香族聚酰胺)的共混物,其具有重量比5-40%PBI-p和重量比60-95%芳香族聚酰胺的示例性重量比。在另一个实施方案中,所述织物可以是PBI-p、PBI-s和芳香族聚酰胺(例如对位芳香族聚酰胺)的共混物,其具有例如7-40:0-33:60或10-40:0-30:60[PBI-p:PBI-s:芳香族聚酰胺(例如,对位芳香族聚酰胺)]的示例性重量比。
在一个实施方案中,所述用PBI-p纤维制成的织物与用等量PBI-s纤维制成的等效织物相比,可具有较小的重量(例如,基重或面积重量-osy[盎司每平方码]或gsm[克每平方米])并且具有相同或更好的阻燃性和耐热性。例如,第一种织物由重量比X%的PBI-s和常规纤维制成,具有给定的重量(例如,基重或面积重量-osy[盎司每平方码]或gsm[克每平方米])以及给定的阻燃和耐热性能(下面将更详细地讨论)和用重量比X%的PBI-p纤维和与第一种织物相同的常规纤维制成的第二种织物,第二种织物的重量将小于第一种织物并且具有相同或更好的阻燃和耐热性能。
阻燃和耐热性能可以是任何这种常规性能。示例性的阻燃或可燃性(FR)性质可包括但不限于:动态火焰测试-参见下面的讨论;垂直火焰试验-ASTM D6413;热防护性能(TPP)-NFPA1971/ISO17492;和TPP暴露(ISO17492)后的球破裂(ASTM D3787);及其组合。在一个实施方案中,阻燃性能可以是动态火焰测试。示例性的耐热(HR)性质可包括但不限于:热收缩-ASTM F2894/ISO17493;及其组合。
参考图1和2解释所述动态火焰测试,如下:
所述动态火焰测试使用图1和2中所示的动态火焰套件(DFK)。DFK 10通常包括:丙烷源12,具有两个相同燃烧器18和一旋钮19的丙烷分配歧管16,以及丙烷管14,将源12与分配歧管16和燃烧器18相互连接,以及具有夹子22的织物框架20,用于在织物条带24的底端处固定织物条带24和重物24(例如225g)。在第一位置,如图1所示,燃烧器18处于垂直或直立位置(火焰未指向织物条带24)。在图2的第二位置,燃烧器18处于水平或接合位置(火焰指向织物条带24)。
所述动态火焰测试如下进行:组装DFK;将新的丙烷瓶12连接到管14;点燃第一燃烧器18,然后点燃第二燃烧器18;让燃烧器18预热至少5分钟;准备1"宽、8"长的织物条带(对照条带和测试条带),并且将它们调整至相同状态;通过折叠条带顶部的约1/2英寸并用夹子22(例如,活页夹)将折叠边缘紧固到织物框架20,将经调节的织物条带24连接到织物框架20;将重物26连接到织物条带24的下端;确保夹子22的位置在被测试的条带24之间是相同的并且从一个测试到另一个测试夹子22的位置是相同的,还要确保两个测试条带24和测试之间的火焰都是对齐的;在测试开始时确保每个条带24不动;使燃烧器18从第一位置快速旋转(使用旋钮19)到第二位置并同时启动计时器;当重物26下降时,停止计时器并记录时间;重复新样本九(9)次,总共十(10)次重复;并报告十个测试样本的时间的平均值。
实施例
在以下实施例中,表中显示的数据将对PBI-s纤维制成的织物与用PBI-p纤维制成的织物进行比较。在每张表中,比较的织物是相同的并且由相同的工艺制成,唯一的区别是一种织物由PBI-s纤维制成,另一种织物由PBI-p纤维制成。表1列出了根据对销往国际市场的织物进行的测试的数据;表2和表3列出了根据对销往国内(或美国)市场的织物进行的测试的数据。
表1
(理论上6osy织物)
*复合材料:Bristol Q01热衬里,Gore阻燃防潮层
表2
(理论上5.5osy织物)
**复合材料:Glide w/PBI G2热衬里,Stedair Gold防潮层表3
(理论上5osy织物)
**复合材料:Glide w/PBI G2热衬里,Stedair Gold防潮层
在不脱离本发明的精神和基本属性的情况下,本发明可以以其他形式实施,因此,当指示本发明的范围时,应当参考所附权利要求书,而不是前述说明书。

Claims (10)

1.一种用于热防护的织物,其中,所述织物包括:
5-40重量%的膦酸化聚苯并咪唑(PBI-p)纤维,其每长丝的旦尼尔范围为1.0-2.0,余量为常规纤维;该PBI-p纤维的磷酸携带(APU)为4-30%,
与用等量磺化聚苯并咪唑(PBI-s)纤维代替PBI-p纤维制成的等效织物相比,所述织物具有相同或更好的阻燃性能和/或耐热性能,并且织物重量较小;并且
所述织物具有增强的动态火焰特性:
65%对位芳香族聚酰胺/35%PBI-s,基重为5.99Osy(盎司/平方码),动态火焰按秒按来样计WxF为23.5x22.6;而65%对位芳香族聚酰胺/35%PBI-p,基重为5.68Osy,动态火焰按秒按来样计W xF为36.6x35.0;或者
60%对位芳香族聚酰胺/40%PBI-s,基重为5.67Osy,动态火焰按秒按来样计W xF为37.3x37.2;而60%对位芳香族聚酰胺/40%PBI-p,基重为5.65Osy,动态火焰按秒按来样计W xF为47.7x48.5;或者
60%对位芳香族聚酰胺/40%PBI-s,基重为4.92Osy,动态火焰按秒按来样计W xF为25.0x35.0;而60%对位芳香族聚酰胺/40%PBI-p,基重为4.80Osy,动态火焰按秒按来样计W xF为53.6x53.3。
2.如权利要求1所述的织物,其中,热防护应用包括:汽车应用、汽车装备、航天服、航天器和电子设备。
3.如权利要求1所述的织物,其中,热防护应用包括:消防员的消防服、帐篷、电弧闪光防护装置。
4.如权利要求1所述的织物,其中,所述织物是织造的、针织的或非织造的。
5.如权利要求1所述的织物,其中,所述常规纤维由以下材料制成:羊毛、聚烯烃、聚酰胺、丙烯酸、聚酯、芳香族聚酰胺、纤维素、碳、聚苯并恶唑、三聚氰胺、聚酰胺酰亚胺、聚酰亚胺、聚苯硫醚、聚氟化物、聚醚酮、其组合物和共混物。
6.如权利要求1所述的织物,其中,所述阻燃性能包括:动态火焰、垂直火焰、热防护性能、TPP暴露后的球破裂、其组合。
7.如权利要求1所述的织物,其中,所述耐热性包括:热收缩率、及其与该热收缩率的组合。
8.如权利要求5所述的织物,其中,所述纤维素是棉。
9.如权利要求6所述的织物,其中,
所述垂直火焰适用标准ASTM D6413;
所述热防护性能适用标准NFPA1971/ISO17492;
所述TPP暴露后适用标准ISO17492;和/或
所述球破裂适用标准ASTM D3787。
10.如权利要求7所述的织物,其中,
所述热收缩率适用标准ASTM F2894/ISO174493。
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CN104736750A (zh) * 2012-07-27 2015-06-24 德里菲尔有限公司 具有洗涤持久的热性能和舒适性的纤维共混物

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