CN113200785A - 一种废弃食品改良肥料 - Google Patents
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B17/00—Other phosphatic fertilisers, e.g. soft rock phosphates, bone meal
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/20—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation using specific microorganisms or substances, e.g. enzymes, for activating or stimulating the treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/80—Separation, elimination or disposal of harmful substances during the treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/40—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting fertiliser dosage or release rate; for affecting solubility
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/60—Biocides or preservatives, e.g. disinfectants, pesticides or herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
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- Fertilizers (AREA)
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Abstract
本发明涉及肥料技术领域,具体涉及一种废弃食品改良肥料。一种废弃食品改良肥料,按重量份由以下原料制备而成:变质食品粉料60‑80份、粉煤灰10‑20份、猪油渣6‑12份、油菜籽渣15‑20份、骨粉5‑10份、食用菌下脚料10‑20份、有机肥发酵菌0.05‑0.1份、腐熟剂0.02‑0.75份、无机盐8‑10份和水420‑620份。本发明的废弃食品改良肥料含有大量元素和微量元素,能改善植株的生长环境,促进植株生长;其次可以改善土壤的透气性,使土壤疏松,同时又可以缓释废弃食品改良肥料中的营养成分,使肥力持久。另外,能刺激植株生长,改善植株生长状况。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及肥料技术领域,具体涉及一种废弃食品改良肥料。
背景技术
在种植花草、树木和农作物的时候,肥料是必不可少的。施用肥料可以为花草、树木和农作物的生长提供营养物质以促进其生长。传统的无机肥施用时间久了会影响到土壤中微生物群落,破坏其平衡,造成土壤肥力降低,甚至出现土壤板结的问题。后来随着人们对肥料的认知,可以逐渐施用复合有机肥来取代无机肥,有机肥含有多种大量元素和微量元素,其既可以为花草、树木和农作物的生长提供所需营养物质,又可以为土壤中的微生物提供营养物质,促进微生物的平衡,进而活化土壤,促进植物生长。
食品垃圾是人们在生活过程中产生的易腐烂的垃圾,目前食品垃圾以成为城市生活垃圾的主要组成部分。食品垃圾易腐烂发臭,产生多种有害微生物,这些有害微生物在分解食品垃圾的过程中有时会产生对人体有害的物质,影响人们的正常生活和活动。食品垃圾中含有蛋白质和脂肪,以及多种矿物质等营养物质,如果能将食品垃圾进行适当处理制作成肥料,这无疑既解决了食品垃圾的问题,又可以实现废弃物的再次利用。
公开于该背景技术部分的信息仅仅旨在增加对本发明的总体背景的理解,而不应当被视为承认或以任何形式暗示该信息构成已为本领域一般技术人员所公知的现有技术。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种废弃食品改良肥料,其变质食品为主要原料制作废弃食品改良肥料,既解决了食品垃圾的问题,又可以实现废弃物的再次利用。
为实现上述目的,本发明提供了如下技术方案:
一种废弃食品改良肥料,按重量份由以下原料制备而成:变质食品粉料60-80份、粉煤灰10-20份、猪油渣6-12份、油菜籽渣15-20份、骨粉5-10份、食用菌下脚料10-20份、有机肥发酵菌0.05-0.1份、腐熟剂0.02-0.75份、无机盐8-10份和水40-60份。
作为优选,变质食品粉料是变质的豆制品和变质的奶制品经粉碎、干燥和研磨而成粒径为0.15-0.25mm的粉料。
作为优选,所述粉煤灰粒径为0.15-0.25mm,其中,二氧化硅的含量为35-40%,三氧化二铝的含量为25-30%。
作为优选,所述猪油渣是猪肉中的脂肪组织经熬制提炼猪油后余下的固体硬块;所述油菜籽渣是以油菜籽为原料,利用机械压榨法提取油脂后剩余的物料。
作为优选,所述骨粉是动物骨头经高温灭菌、干燥、粉碎和研磨而成的粒径为0.15-0.25mm的粉料。
作为优选,所述食用菌下脚料为花菇的下脚料。
作为优选,所述无机盐由20-30%硫酸锌、25-30%钼酸铵、15-20%硝酸锰,四硼酸钠补足100%混合而成。
本发明还提供了上述所述废弃食品改良肥料的制备方法,取变质粉煤灰、猪油渣和油菜籽渣,分别干燥、粉碎和研磨,研磨后的粒径为0.15-0.25mm;将研磨后的物料和剩余的其他各原料混合均匀,转移至发酵池中,60-80℃发酵腐熟,在发酵的过程中利用搅拌机进行搅拌;腐熟后干燥,造粒,包装。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有如下有益效果:
本发明的废弃食品改良肥料以变质食品粉料为主要原料,辅以猪油渣、油菜籽渣、骨粉和食用菌下脚料,同时添加粉煤灰和无机盐,并利用有机肥发酵菌和腐熟剂进行发酵腐熟,其中变质食品粉料、猪油渣、油菜籽渣、骨粉和食用菌下脚料中富含蛋白质、氨基酸和脂肪等营养物质,经发酵后能产生包括氮磷钾在内的多种大量元素,同时也会产生钙、铁、锌、锰和铜等多种微量元素,这些大量元素和微量元素改善植株的生长环境,促进植株生长;粉煤灰可以改善土壤的透气性,使土壤疏松,同时又可以缓释肥料中的营养成分,使肥力持久。另外,骨粉中还含有多种维生素和促生长因子,能刺激植株生长,改善植株生长状况。
其次,本发明的有机肥发酵菌为长沙泰莱生物科技有限公司生产的优菌康有机肥发酵菌剂,腐熟剂为广州微元生物科技有限公司生产的厨余发酵剂。两者含有多种具有特殊功能的细菌、真菌、放线菌和酵母菌,其既可以有效分解肥料原料中含有大颗粒营养物质,将其彻底腐熟;又可以杀灭原料中带有的虫卵,避免施用时影响植株生长;同时,有机肥发酵菌和腐熟剂中的菌类在发酵代谢的过程中,会产生多种次级代谢产物,这些次级代谢产物又会进一步促进作植株的生长。
具体实施方式
下面结合对本发明专利的技术方案进行清楚、完整的描述,显然,所描述的实施例是本发明的一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域所属的技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
在以下实施例中,有机肥发酵菌为长沙泰莱生物科技有限公司生产的优菌康有机肥发酵菌剂,其主要成分为芽孢杆菌、放线菌、酵母菌和丝状真菌等多种有益微生物及其各种胞外酶类,有效活菌数≥100亿/g;可用于处理动物粪便、农作物秸秆、农林废弃物、废渣、食用菌残渣、城市垃圾、食品废品和污泥等。
腐熟剂为广州微元生物科技有限公司生产的厨余发酵剂,其为一种可溶性粉剂,有效活菌数≥2.0×1010cfu/g;可用于处理茶渣、骨头、果皮等多种餐厨垃圾。
实施例1
一种废弃食品改良肥料,由以下原料制备而成:变质食品粉料60kg、粉煤灰10kg、猪油渣6kg、油菜籽渣15kg、骨粉5kg、食用菌下脚料10kg、有机肥发酵菌0.05kg、腐熟剂0.02kg、无机盐8kg和水40kg;
其中,变质食品粉料是变质的豆制品和变质的奶制品经粉碎、干燥和研磨而成粒径为0.15mm的粉料;所述粉煤灰粒径为0.15mm,其中,二氧化硅的含量为35%,三氧化二铝的含量为25%;所述猪油渣是猪肉中的脂肪组织经熬制提炼猪油后余下的固体硬块;所述油菜籽渣是以油菜籽为原料,利用机械压榨法提取油脂后剩余的物料;所述骨粉是鸡骨头经高温灭菌、干燥、粉碎和研磨而成的粒径为0.15mm的粉料;所述食用菌下脚料为花菇的下脚料;所述无机盐由20%硫酸锌、25%钼酸铵、15%硝酸锰,四硼酸钠补足100%混合而成。
实施例2
一种废弃食品改良肥料,由以下原料制备而成:变质食品粉料70kg、粉煤灰15kg、猪油渣9kg、油菜籽渣17.5kg、骨粉16kg、食用菌下脚料15kg、有机肥发酵菌0.075kg、腐熟剂0.05kg、无机盐9kg和水50kg;
其中,变质食品粉料是变质的豆制品和变质的奶制品经粉碎、干燥和研磨而成粒径为0.2mm的粉料;所述粉煤灰粒径为0.2mm,其中,二氧化硅的含量为38%,三氧化二铝的含量为27%;所述猪油渣是猪肉中的脂肪组织经熬制提炼猪油后余下的固体硬块;所述油菜籽渣是以油菜籽为原料,利用机械压榨法提取油脂后剩余的物料;所述骨粉是鸡骨头经高温灭菌、干燥、粉碎和研磨而成的粒径为0.2的粉料;所述食用菌下脚料为花菇的下脚料;所述无机盐由25%硫酸锌、27%钼酸铵、17%硝酸锰,四硼酸钠补足100%混合而成。
实施例3
一种废弃食品改良肥料,由以下原料制备而成:变质食品粉料80kg、粉煤灰20kg、猪油渣12kg、油菜籽渣20kg、骨粉10kg、食用菌下脚料20kg、有机肥发酵菌0.1kg、腐熟剂0.75kg、无机盐10kg和水60kg;
其中,变质食品粉料是变质的豆制品和变质的奶制品经粉碎、干燥和研磨而成粒径为0.25mm的粉料;所述粉煤灰粒径为0.25mm,其中,二氧化硅的含量为40%,三氧化二铝的含量为30%;所述猪油渣是猪肉中的脂肪组织经熬制提炼猪油后余下的固体硬块;所述油菜籽渣是以油菜籽为原料,利用机械压榨法提取油脂后剩余的物料;所述骨粉是鸡骨头经高温灭菌、干燥、粉碎和研磨而成的粒径为0.25mm的粉料;所述食用菌下脚料为花菇的下脚料;所述无机盐由30%硫酸锌、30%钼酸铵、20%硝酸锰,四硼酸钠补足100%混合而成。
技术指标测试实施例
参考NY525-2012 《有机肥料》标准测试本发明实施例1-3肥料的技术指标,测试结果见下表1。
表1 本发明废弃食品改良肥料的技术指标测试结果
技术指标 | 标准值 | 实施例1 | 实施例2 | 实施例3 |
有机质含量 | ≥45% | 47.3% | 48.1% | 46.9% |
总养分含量 | ≥5.0% | 5.8% | 6.7% | 6.2% |
水分含量 | ≤30% | 18.2% | 21.1% | 19.3% |
酸碱度 | pH5.5-8.0 | 6.8 | 6.4 | 6.6 |
有效活菌数(cfu),亿/g | ≥0.20 | 0.41 | 0.46 | 0.37 |
粪大肠菌群数,个/g | ≤100 | 63 | 72 | 59 |
蛔虫卵死亡率,% | ≥95% | 97.8 | 98.2 | 96.7 |
总砷,mg/kg | ≤15 | 9.1 | 12.3 | 13.6 |
总镉,mg/kg | ≤3 | 1.3 | 2.4 | 1.6 |
总铅,mg/kg | ≤50 | 34.2 | 36.4 | 37.8 |
总铬,mg/kg | ≤150 | 103.4 | 104.9 | 106.3 |
总汞,mg/kg | ≤2 | 0.14 | 0.21 | 0.19 |
从表1可以看出,本发明的废弃食品改良肥料符合NY525-2012 《有机肥料》行业标准,产品合格。
调查实施例
选用盆栽玫瑰花40盆,随机分4组:研究组1-3和对照组1,其中研究组1-3分别对应施用实施例1-3的肥料,对照组1施用石家庄富铭生物有机肥有限公司生产的Organic 有机肥料(有机质≥45%,氮磷钾≥5%,执行标准:NY525-2012);施用量:2.5kg/盆;施用方式:将肥料和土壤混合,然后将长势一样的玫瑰花移栽到花盆内,根据实际生长情况及时补充水分。调查各玫瑰花同一位置处花朵的花期,求平均值,调查结果见下表2。
表2 本发明废弃食品改良肥料对玫瑰花花期的影响
组别 | 研究组1 | 研究组2 | 研究组3 | 对比例1 |
花期(d) | 21.5 | 22.0 | 20.25 | 17.75 |
从表2可以看出,研究组1-3中玫瑰花的花期均多于对比例1,说明本发明的肥料可以延长玫瑰花的花期。
综上所述,本发明的废弃食品改良肥料以变质食品为主要原料,可以有效实现废弃物的再次利用;且制作出的有机肥可以促进植株生长,改善植株生长状况。
前述对本发明的具体示例性实施方案的描述是为了说明和例证的目的。这些描述并非想将本发明限定为所公开的精确形式,并且很显然,根据上述教导,可以进行很多改变和变化。对示例性实施例进行选择和描述的目的在于解释本发明的特定原理及其实际应用,从而使得本领域的技术人员能够实现并利用本发明的各种不同的示例性实施方案以及各种不同的选择和改变。本发明的范围意在由权利要求书及其等同形式所限定。
Claims (8)
1.一种废弃食品改良肥料,其特征在于,按重量份由以下原料制备而成:变质食品粉料60-80份、粉煤灰10-20份、猪油渣6-12份、油菜籽渣15-20份、骨粉5-10份、食用菌下脚料10-20份、有机肥发酵菌0.05-0.1份、腐熟剂0.02-0.75份、无机盐8-10份和水420-620份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的废弃食品改良肥料,其特征在于,变质食品粉料是变质的豆制品和变质的奶制品经粉碎、干燥和研磨而成粒径为0.15-0.25mm的粉料。
3.根据权利要求1所述的废弃食品改良肥料,其特征在于,所述粉煤灰粒径为0.15-0.25mm,其中,二氧化硅的含量为35-40%,三氧化二铝的含量为25-30%。
4.根据权利要求1所述的废弃食品改良肥料,其特征在于,所述猪油渣是猪肉中的脂肪组织经熬制提炼猪油后余下的固体硬块;所述油菜籽渣是以油菜籽为原料,利用机械压榨法提取油脂后剩余的物料。
5.根据权利要求1所述的废弃食品改良肥料,其特征在于,所述骨粉是动物骨头经高温灭菌、干燥、粉碎和研磨而成的粒径为0.15-0.25mm的粉料。
6.根据权利要求1所述的废弃食品改良肥料,其特征在于,所述食用菌下脚料为花菇的下脚料。
7.根据权利要求1所述的废弃食品改良肥料,其特征在于,所述无机盐由20-30%硫酸锌、25-30%钼酸铵、15-20%硝酸锰,四硼酸钠补足100%混合而成。
8.一种上述任一项权利要求所述废弃食品改良肥料的制备方法,其特征在于,取变质粉煤灰、猪油渣和油菜籽渣,分别干燥、粉碎和研磨,研磨后的粒径为0.15-0.25mm;将研磨后的物料和剩余的其他各原料混合均匀,转移至发酵池中,60-80℃发酵腐熟,在发酵过程中利用搅拌机进行搅拌;腐熟后过滤。
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