CN113197134A

CN113197134A - Shellfish culture box

Info

Publication number: CN113197134A
Application number: CN202110571263.8A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 张天文; 刘广斌; 孙铭; 荆圆圆; 刘恩孚
Original assignee: Shandong Marine Biology Institute
Current assignee: Shandong Marine Biology Institute
Priority date: 2021-05-25
Filing date: 2021-05-25
Publication date: 2021-08-03

Abstract

A shellfish culture box relates to the technical field of marine culture, and comprises a rectangular caisson, a pull rope and a floating ball, wherein the interior of the caisson is divided into a plurality of compartments in the length direction, the lower end of the pull rope is tied to the upper end surface of the caisson, the upper end of the pull rope is tied to the floating ball floating on the sea surface, and the lower end of the floating ball is tied to a connecting rope; the caisson is provided with a feeding mechanism, and the feeding mechanism extends upwards to the water surface and is fixed on the connecting rope; the feeding mechanism is capable of feeding bait from a feed port at the water surface and feeding the bait into each of the compartments. The invention has the advantages of simple bait feeding and caisson cleaning, reduced labor intensity and reduced labor cost.

Description

Shellfish culture box

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of marine product culture, in particular to a shellfish culture box.

Background

The abalone is one of marine products cultured shellfish, and different culture techniques are adopted according to different regional natural conditions, and the common culture modes comprise: factory cultivation, tunnel cultivation, shallow sea raft cultivation, intertidal zone stone-setting cultivation, intertidal zone net bed cultivation, seabed caisson cultivation and the like, wherein different cultivation modes have respective advantages and have respective disadvantages.

Taking submarine caisson culture as an example, abalone fries are put into the caisson to be submerged into the submarine for culture, and the method has the advantages that: 1. the cultured water environment is stable, the dissolved oxygen is sufficient, the state of the cultured water is closer to the state of a natural water area, and the quality of the cultured water is closer to that of wild abalones; 2. the stability of the water area cultured by the seabed caisson is good, so the seabed caisson is not easily influenced by disastrous weather such as red tide, typhoon and the like; 3. the investment cost is low, and the survival rate of the abalone is high by simulating the natural water area culture; 4. the abalone fry is placed in the water-permeable closed box for caisson culture, so that the abalone fry is not easy to adhere to other shellfish such as oyster, and the breeding of other algae in the caisson is not easy, and the service life of the culture box is very long. When abalones are cultivated in the caisson, the caisson is usually directly sunk to the sea bottom, the floating ball is tied by a nylon rope to mark the position above the caisson, in order to make up for the single or lack of seasonal food in the sea area, the young abalones need to regularly feed baits (usually, the young abalones are fed for about 7 to 10 days), meanwhile, the interior of the caisson needs to be regularly cleaned, the growth of the abalones is prevented from being influenced by the accumulation of excrement, therefore, workers are required to pull the caisson from the sea bottom to a fishing boat to execute the baits feeding and the caisson cleaning, water permeable holes in the caisson are fine and dense, in the pulling process, the resistance of water is large, the caisson is more strenuous to pull, the caisson is very troublesome to put down, and the abalone is cultivated by usually dividing the caisson into a plurality of small compartments, the operations of the single compartments are required to be carried out one by one when the baits are fed and the cleaning, the labor cost is very high, moreover, stress reaction is easily caused when the abalone leaves the seawater, and the abalone is not beneficial to growth; when the abalones are collected, the weight of the whole caisson is increased due to the large size of the abalones, and the caisson is more labourious when being pulled up from the sea bottom due to the water flow resistance; in addition, once the cultivation box encounters sudden strong wind weather and heavy sea currents, the cultivation box is extremely easy to follow waves and move along with the waves, the cultivation box is washed away by the sea currents, and the loss is large.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides the shellfish culture box, which has the advantages that the bait feeding and caisson cleaning are simple, the labor intensity of workers is reduced, and the labor cost investment is reduced.

The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme: a shellfish culture box comprises a rectangular caisson, a pull rope and a floating ball, wherein the interior of the caisson is divided into a plurality of compartments in the length direction, the lower end of the pull rope is tied to the upper end surface of the caisson, the upper end of the pull rope is tied to the floating ball floating on the sea surface, and the lower end of the floating ball is tied to a connecting rope; the caisson is provided with a feeding mechanism, and the feeding mechanism extends upwards to the water surface and is fixed on the connecting rope; the feeding mechanism is capable of feeding bait from a feed port at the water surface and feeding the bait into each of the compartments.

Preferably, the feeding mechanism comprises a feeding pipe and a material distribution mechanism, the upper end of the feeding pipe is the feeding port and is fixed on the connecting rope, the lower end of the feeding pipe is communicated to the material distribution mechanism, the material distribution mechanism is provided with material outlets with the same number as the compartments, and the wall of each compartment is communicated with one material outlet.

Preferably, the material distribution mechanism comprises a material distribution box and a plurality of material distribution pipes, the material distribution box is installed on the upper end face of the caisson, and the lower end of the feeding pipe is installed on the upper end face of the material distribution box; one end of the material distributing pipe is communicated with the side wall of the material distributing box, the number of the material distributing pipes is equal to that of the compartments, and the other end of the material distributing pipe is the material outlet.

Preferably, the horizontal height of the connecting position of each material distributing pipe connected to the side wall of the material distributing box is the same.

Preferably, the shellfish culture box further comprises a buoyancy lifting mechanism, the buoyancy lifting mechanism comprises an air pipe and an air bag, the air bag is fixed to the caisson, the lower end of the air pipe is installed on the air bag, an air inlet capable of being opened and closed is formed in the upper end of the air pipe and extends upwards to the water surface, and the air inlet is connected to the connecting rope.

Preferably, the air inlet and the feeding port are respectively connected to two ports of a manual three-way ball valve, a quick connector is mounted on a third port of the manual three-way ball valve, and the quick connector is connected to the connecting rope.

Preferably, the detachable base is installed to the lower extreme of caisson, the base includes the frame the balancing weight is installed respectively to the four corners position below the frame, the lower terminal surface of caisson is provided with the bottom plate, the bottom plate with detachable fixed mounting between the frame.

Preferably, a row of lug plates are arranged on two side edges of the upper surface of the frame, a row of slotted holes are arranged on two sides of the bottom plate, the lug plates penetrate through the slotted holes from bottom to top, and each row of lug plates are inserted and fixed by a pin rod.

Preferably, the airbag is bound to the lower end of the frame by a binding band, and an on-off valve is installed at a side of the airbag.

The use method of the shellfish culture box in the abalone culture comprises the following steps: abalone fries are placed in compartments of the culture box, the culture box is thrown onto a seabed, when bait is fed, a low-pressure water pump is arranged on a working fishing boat, the bait and seawater are uniformly mixed in a charging basket, the concentration of the bait is based on that the water pump is not blocked, a water pumping port of the water pump is inserted into the charging basket, a water outlet of the water pump is connected with a quick connector, a manual three-way ball valve is operated to enable the quick connector to be communicated with a feeding pipe, the water pump is started, the bait flows through a feeding mechanism and is evenly distributed into each compartment, after the feeding is finished, the manual three-way valve is closed, and the bait is fed to the next culture box; in the culture process, the interior of the caisson needs to be cleaned regularly, an air pump is arranged on a fishing boat in work, the manual three-way ball valve is operated to enable the quick connector to be communicated with the air pipe, the air pump is started to inflate the air bag, buoyancy of the whole culture box is increased, after the air bag is full of air, the manual three-way ball valve is operated to close the air inlet of the air pipe, the whole culture box is lifted to the water surface by pulling a pull rope, each compartment of the caisson is opened, residual baits and bred miscellaneous algae and the like in the compartment are cleaned up, the compartment is closed, the manual three-way ball valve is operated again to enable the quick connector to be communicated with the air pipe, the air bag is in an air-bleeding state, the culture box is thrown into the sea again, the buoyancy of the culture box is reduced as the air bag is deflated, and the air in the culture box sinks to the seabed until the culture box is squeezed out by water pressure, and the air inlet of the air pipe is closed.

The invention has the beneficial effects that: the feeding mechanism is arranged on the caisson, the feeding port of the feeding mechanism is arranged on the water surface, when baits are fed, the caisson does not need to be moved, the abalones can be fed on the sea surface, and the labor intensity of workers is reduced; the feeding mechanism is also provided with a material distribution mechanism which can ensure that the fed baits uniformly fall into each cultured compartment in the caisson and can fully ensure the growth uniformity of abalones in each compartment; meanwhile, the buoyancy lifting mechanism is arranged on the caisson, when the caisson is cleaned, the buoyancy of the cultivation box is changed by inflating and deflating the air bag, the inflation buoyancy of the air bag is the largest when the cultivation box is lifted, and the exhaust buoyancy is gradually reduced when the cultivation box is placed, so that the cultivation box is cleaned more conveniently in a labor-saving manner.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic front view of a shellfish culture box according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic side view of the shellfish culture box according to the embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the structure a-a in fig. 1.

Fig. 4 is an enlarged schematic view of the structure at B in fig. 2.

Wherein like parts are designated by like reference numerals throughout the several views; the figures are not drawn to scale.

Detailed Description

The invention is further illustrated by the following figures and examples.

Examples

A shellfish culture box comprises a rectangular caisson 1, a pull rope 2 and a floating ball 3, wherein the interior of the caisson 1 is divided into a plurality of compartments 11 in the length direction, the lower end of the pull rope 2 is tied to the upper end face of the caisson 1, the upper end of the pull rope 2 is tied to the floating ball 3 floating on the sea surface, the lower end of the floating ball 3 is tied to a connecting rope 4, and the caisson 1 is transversely arranged on the sea bottom; a feeding mechanism is arranged on the caisson 1, extends upwards to the water surface and is fixed on the connecting rope 4; the feeding mechanism can feed bait from a feeding port 51 at the water surface and feed the bait into each compartment 11; specifically, the feeding mechanism comprises a feeding pipe 52 and a material distribution mechanism 53, the upper end of the feeding pipe 52 is the feeding port 51 and is fixed on the connecting rope 4, the lower end of the feeding pipe 52 is communicated with the material distribution mechanism 53, the material distribution mechanism 53 is provided with material outlets 531 with the same number as the compartments 11, and the wall of each compartment 11 is respectively communicated with one material outlet 531; in order to make the seawater mixed with bait smoothly flow through the feeding pipe 52, the diameter of the feeding pipe 52 is selected to be between 2cm and 4 cm.

The material distributing mechanism 53 comprises a cylindrical material distributing box 532 and a plurality of material distributing pipes 533, wherein the material distributing box 532 is arranged on the upper end face of the caisson 1, and the lower end of the feeding pipe 52 is arranged on the upper end face of the material distributing box 532; one end of the material distributing pipe 533 is communicated with the cylindrical wall of the material distributing box 532, the number of the material distributing pipe 533 is the same as that of the compartments 11, and the other end of the material distributing pipe 533 is the material outlet 531, that is, the other end of the material distributing pipe 533 is installed on the upper side wall of the compartment 11; the baits flowing into the distributing box 532 from the feeding pipe 52 flow out from the distributing pipes 533 respectively and finally flow into the compartments 11 from the discharging port 531, so that the abalone is fed from the sea surface. In addition, in order to further ensure that the amount of the divided bait in each compartment 11 tends to be uniform, the level of the connecting position where each of the material dividing pipes 533 is installed on the side wall of the material dividing box 532 is the same.

The shellfish culture box further comprises a buoyancy mechanism, the buoyancy mechanism comprises an air pipe 61 and an air bag 62, the air bag 62 is fixed on the caisson 1, the lower end of the air pipe 61 is installed on the air bag 62, the upper end of the air pipe 61 extends upwards to the water surface and is provided with an air inlet 63 which can be opened and closed, and the air inlet 63 is connected to the connecting rope 4; the air pump is used for inflating the air bag 62 from the air inlet 63, the air bag 62 is enlarged, the buoyancy of the culture box is improved, and workers can easily lift the culture box to the sea surface to clean the culture box.

In order to simplify the structure of the breeding box, the upper end of the gastroesophageal tract and the upper end of the trachea 61 are installed on a manual three-way ball valve 7, specifically, the air inlet 63 and the feeding port 51 are respectively connected to two ports of the manual three-way ball valve 7, a quick coupling 8 is installed on the third port of the manual three-way ball valve 7, the quick coupling 8 is connected to the connecting rope 4, and the adjusting states of the manual three-way ball valve 7 are divided into two types: the first is that the air inlet 63 is closed when the quick connector 8 is communicated with the feeding port 51, and the second is that the feeding port 51 is closed when the quick connector 8 is communicated with the air inlet 63, so as to meet the functions of bait feeding and cleaning the caisson 1; in addition, in order to prevent the quick coupling 8 from being filled with seawater when not in use, a cover can be arranged on the quick coupling 8 for sealing and covering, and the cover and the quick coupling 8 can be fixed in a clamping structure or a threaded screwing structure.

The lower end of the caisson 1 is provided with a detachable base, the base comprises a frame 91, four corners of the lower surface of the frame 91 are respectively provided with a balancing weight 92, the balancing weight 92 is used for ensuring that the cultivation box has better stability on the seabed and is not easy to be washed away by ocean currents, the lower end surface of the caisson 1 is provided with a bottom plate 93, and the bottom plate 93 and the frame 91 are detachably and fixedly installed; a row of ear plates 94 are arranged on two side edges of the upper surface of the frame 91, a row of slotted holes 95 are arranged on two sides of the bottom plate 93, the ear plates 94 penetrate through the slotted holes 95 from bottom to top, and each row of the ear plates 94 are inserted and fixed by a pin rod 96. It is convenient for convenient change maintenance to design into to dismantle the connection between frame 91 and caisson 1, can tear down frame 91 together with balancing weight 92 moreover when the results abalone, for transport caisson 1 is convenient.

In this embodiment, the air bag 62 is tied to the lower end of the frame 91 by a tie 621, the size of the air bag 62 after being filled with air is mainly not larger than the periphery of the frame 91, a switch valve 622 is installed on the side of the air bag 62, and the switch valve 622 is a standby exhaust valve and is in a normally closed state.

The use method of the shellfish culture box provided by the embodiment of the invention in abalone culture comprises the following steps:

abalone fry is well placed in each compartment 11 of the breeding box, the breeding box is thrown onto the seabed, the position is calibrated by the floating ball 3, when bait is fed in the breeding process, a low-pressure water pump is arranged on a working fishing boat, bait and seawater are uniformly mixed in a charging basket, the concentration is based on no blockage of the water pump, a water pumping pipe of the water pump is inserted into the charging basket, the water outlet pipe is connected with a quick connector 8, the manual three-way ball valve 7 is operated to enable the quick connector 8 to be communicated with the feeding pipe 52, the water pump is started, the bait flows through the feeding mechanism and is evenly distributed into each compartment 11, after the bait amount fed is reached, in order to prevent bait from remaining in each pipeline of the feeding mechanism, a water pumping pipe of a water pump is inserted into seawater to restart the water pump, after all the bait in the pipeline is flushed into the caisson 1, the water pump is closed, then a manual three-way valve is closed, and the bait is fed to the next breeding tank; when feeding bait, the bait is larger than the mesh openings on the caisson 1, or a layer of mesh cloth is wrapped outside the caisson 1, so the bait cannot flow out of the caisson 1 due to the water flow rushing into the compartment 11.

In the culture process, the compartment 11 may breed some miscellaneous algae and bait residues at dead corners, so the compartment 11 in the caisson 1 needs to be cleaned regularly, an air pump is arranged on a working fishing boat, the manual three-way ball valve 7 is operated to communicate the quick connector 8 with the air pipe 61, the air pump is started to rapidly inflate the air bag 62 to increase the buoyancy of the whole culture box, after the air bag 62 is full of air, the manual three-way ball valve 7 is operated to close the air inlet 63 of the air pipe 61, the pull rope 2 is pulled to lift the whole culture box to the water surface, as the abalones are adsorbed on the inner wall of the compartment 11 to survive and move slowly, the caisson 1 can be soaked in seawater to open the door and window of the compartment 11 to avoid stress reaction when the abalones leave water, the residual baits, the bred miscellaneous algae and the like in the compartment 11 are cleaned up, the door and window of the compartment 11 are closed, the manual three-way ball valve 7 is operated again to communicate the quick connector 8 with the air pipe 61, the air bag 62 is in the deflation state, the cultivation box is thrown into the sea again, the water pressure is increased in the sinking process of the cultivation box, the more the air bag 62 is deflated, the buoyancy of the cultivation box is reduced until the cultivation box is sunk onto the seabed, the air in the air bag 62 is completely squeezed out by the water pressure, and the air inlet 63 of the air pipe 61 is closed.

The embodiment of the invention has the beneficial effects that: the feeding mechanism is arranged on the caisson 1, the feeding port 51 of the feeding mechanism is arranged on the water surface, when baits are fed, the caisson 1 does not need to be moved, the abalones can be fed on the sea surface, and the labor intensity of workers is reduced; the feeding mechanism is also provided with a material distribution mechanism 53, the material distribution mechanism 53 can ensure that the fed baits uniformly fall into each cultured compartment 11 in the caisson 1, and the growth uniformity of abalones in each compartment 11 can be fully ensured; set up the buoyancy lift mechanism on caisson 1 simultaneously, when clearing up caisson 1, inflation and gassing through gasbag 62 change the buoyancy of breeding the case, and gasbag 62 aerifys buoyancy and is the biggest when mentioning breeding the case, and exhaust buoyancy reduces gradually when transferring breeding the case, makes the clearance of breeding the case laborsaving convenient more.

The structures, proportions, sizes, and other dimensions shown in the drawings and described in the specification are for understanding and reading the present disclosure, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure, which is defined in the claims, and are not essential to the art, and any structural modifications, changes in proportions, or adjustments in size, which do not affect the efficacy and attainment of the same are intended to fall within the scope of the present disclosure. In addition, the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "middle" and "one" used in the present specification are for clarity of description, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and the relative relationship between the terms and the terms is not to be construed as a scope of the present invention.

The invention has been described above with reference to preferred embodiments, but the scope of protection of the invention is not limited thereto, and all technical solutions falling within the scope of the claims are within the scope of protection of the invention. Various modifications may be made and equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof without departing from the scope of the invention. In particular, the technical features mentioned in the embodiments can be combined in any way as long as there is no structural conflict.

Claims

1. A shellfish culture box comprises a rectangular caisson (1), a pull rope (2) and a floating ball (3), wherein the caisson (1) is divided into a plurality of compartments (11) in the length direction, the lower end of the pull rope (2) is tied to the upper end face of the caisson (1), the upper end of the pull rope (2) is tied to the floating ball (3) floating on the sea surface, and the lower end of the floating ball (3) is tied to a connecting rope (4), and the shellfish culture box is characterized in that a feeding mechanism is mounted on the caisson (1) and extends upwards to the water surface and is fixed to the connecting rope (4); the feeding mechanism is capable of feeding bait from a feed opening (51) at the water surface and feeding bait into each of the compartments (11).

2. Shellfish farming box according to claim 1, characterized in that the feeding mechanism comprises a feeding pipe (52) and a distribution mechanism (53), the upper end of the feeding pipe (52) is the feeding opening (51) and is fixed on the connecting rope (4), the lower end of the feeding pipe (52) is connected to the distribution mechanism (53), the distribution mechanism (53) is provided with the same number of discharge openings (531) as the compartments (11), and the wall of each compartment (11) is respectively communicated with one discharge opening (531).

3. The shellfish culture box according to claim 2, characterized in that the material distributing mechanism (53) comprises a material distributing box (532) and a plurality of material distributing pipes (533), the material distributing box (532) is installed on the upper end surface of the caisson (1), and the lower end of the feeding pipe (52) is installed on the upper end surface of the material distributing box (532); one end of each material distributing pipe (533) is communicated with the side wall of the material distributing box (532), the number of the material distributing pipes (533) is the same as that of the compartments (11), and the other end of each material distributing pipe (533) is the material outlet (531).

4. Shellfish farming tank according to claim 3, characterized in that the level of the connection location of each of the distribution pipes (533) to the side wall of the distribution tank (532) is the same.

5. The shellfish culture box according to claim 2, characterized in that it further comprises a buoyancy mechanism, the buoyancy mechanism comprises an air tube (61) and an air bag (62), the air bag (62) is fixed on the caisson (1), the lower end of the air tube (61) is mounted on the air bag (62), the upper end of the air tube (61) extends upwards to the water surface and is provided with an openable and closable air inlet (63), and the air inlet (63) is connected to the connecting rope (4).

6. Shellfish culture tank according to claim 5, characterized in that said air inlet (63) and said feeding port (51) are connected to two ports of a manual three-way ball valve (7), respectively, and a quick coupling (8) is mounted on the third port of said manual three-way ball valve (7), said quick coupling (8) being connected to said connection rope (4).

7. The shellfish culture box of claim 5, characterized in that a detachable base is installed at the lower end of the caisson (1), the base comprises a frame (91), balancing weights (92) are respectively installed at four corners of the lower surface of the frame (91), a bottom plate (93) is arranged on the lower end surface of the caisson (1), and the bottom plate (93) is detachably and fixedly installed with the frame (91).

8. The shellfish farming box according to claim 7, characterized in that a row of ear plates (94) is provided at both sides of the upper surface of the frame (91), a row of slotted holes (95) is provided at both sides of the bottom plate (93), the ear plates (94) pass through the slotted holes (95) from bottom to top, and each row of the ear plates (94) is fixed by a pin rod (96) in a penetrating manner.

9. Shellfish farming tank according to claim 9, characterized in that the air bag (62) is strapped to the lower end of the frame (91) by straps (621), and a switch valve (622) is mounted on the side of the air bag (62).