CN113195297A - 用于机动车尤其是混合动力车或电动车的电路装置 - Google Patents

用于机动车尤其是混合动力车或电动车的电路装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113195297A
CN113195297A CN201980082912.9A CN201980082912A CN113195297A CN 113195297 A CN113195297 A CN 113195297A CN 201980082912 A CN201980082912 A CN 201980082912A CN 113195297 A CN113195297 A CN 113195297A
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China
Prior art keywords
voltage
battery
converter
charging terminal
charging
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CN201980082912.9A
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M·豪斯曼
C·克洛弗
J·P·德格尔
J·魏戈尔德
U·勃姆
S·海恩林
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Mercedes Benz Group AG
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Daimler AG
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Publication of CN113195297A publication Critical patent/CN113195297A/zh
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/20—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by converters located in the vehicle
    • B60L53/22—Constructional details or arrangements of charging converters specially adapted for charging electric vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L15/00—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles
    • B60L15/007—Physical arrangements or structures of drive train converters specially adapted for the propulsion motors of electric vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
    • B60L53/11—DC charging controlled by the charging station, e.g. mode 4
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
    • B60L53/14—Conductive energy transfer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/20—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by converters located in the vehicle
    • B60L53/24—Using the vehicle's propulsion converter for charging
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0042—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries characterised by the mechanical construction
    • H02J7/0045—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries characterised by the mechanical construction concerning the insertion or the connection of the batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/483—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels
    • H02M7/487—Neutral point clamped inverters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/53—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/537—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
    • H02M7/5387—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/66—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/68—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/72—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/79—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/797—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P27/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage
    • H02P27/04—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage
    • H02P27/06—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using dc to ac converters or inverters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/26—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the motors or the generators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/28—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the electric energy storing means, e.g. batteries or capacitors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2210/00—Converter types
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60L2210/40—DC to AC converters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/51—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells characterised by AC-motors
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    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/14—Plug-in electric vehicles

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于机动车的电路装置(10)，具有：用于储存电能的高压电池(12)、用于驱动机动车的至少一个电机(14)、能够将可由高压电池(12)提供的高压直流电压转换成用于运行电机(14)的高压交流电压的转换器(16)和用于提供电能以给高压电池(12)充电的充电接线端(20)，其中，该转换器(16)被设计成三级转换器并且具有至少一个配属于电机(14)的一个相(u)的开关单元(46)，其包括两个串联的开关组(52,54)，所述开关组分别具有两个串联的IGBT(T11,T12,T13,T14)，其中，在其中一个开关组(52,54)的IGBT(T11,T12)之间设有接线端(64)，其直接电连接至充电接线端(20)的线路(34)。

Description

用于机动车尤其是混合动力车或电动车的电路装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种根据权利要求1的前序部分的用于机动车尤其是混合动力车或电动车的电路装置。
背景技术
从一般的现有技术中早已知道用于机动车、特别是用于混合动力车或电动车的这种电路装置。该电路装置具有用于存储电能或电流的高压电池。该电路装置还具有至少一台电机，用于尤其是用电驱动机动车。此外设有转换器，借此可以将由高压电池提供或可提供的高压直流电压转换成用于操作电机的高压交流电压。换句话说，电机能够以高压交流电压来工作，该高压交流电压是如此由高压直流电压产生的，即，转换器将高压直流电压转换为高压交流电压。此外，该电路装置包括用于提供电能以给高压电池充电的充电接线端。换句话说，高压电池可用由充电接线端所提供的电能来充电。
此外，DE 10 2015 008 175 A1公开一种用于给机动车中的高压电池充电的电路装置，其所具有的高压电池列具有在双极负载接线端的两个负载连接极之间电连接的高压电池串联电路，其中，借助高压电池列可在负载接线端处提供高压直流电压。
DE 10 2016 218 304 A1也示出一种具有逆变器的电压变换装置，变换器具有三个半桥，它们各具有四个晶体管。该装置还被连接至牵引电动机、电池、控制装置和充电接线端，并且可以被用在借助外部直流电压源给电池充电的方法中。
发明内容
本发明的任务是如此改进前言所述类型的电路装置，即，能够特别有利地给高压电池充电。
该任务通过一种具有权利要求1的特征的电路装置来完成。在其余权利要求中说明了具有合适的发明改进方案的有利设计。
为了现在能够特别有利地给高压电池充电，转换器被设计为三级转换器。在此，转换器具有至少一个开关单元，该开关单元配属于例如多相电机尤其是三相电机中的尤其正好一相。这意味着该开关单元被电连接或可被电连接至对应于开关单元的相。由此，例如所述相可通过分配给该相的开关单元被供以电能，或者被供以源于高压电池所提供或可提供的高压直流电压的高压交流电压，该高压交流电压由转换器提供或可由转换器提供。
在这里，该开关单元具有彼此串联连接的两个开关组。开关组分别具有两个彼此串联连接的IGBT。如从普通现有技术中已众所周知的那样，IGBT是具有绝缘栅电极的双极晶体管。
在开关组之一的两个IGBT之间设置接线端(也称为抽头)，其直接电连接到充电接线端的线路。由充电接线端提供的或可提供的用于给高压电池充电的电能可流过该线路。换句话说，由充电接线端提供的且被用于给高压电池充电的电能可以流过或流经该线路。
该转换器具有例如第一开关状态、第二开关状态和第三开关状态，使得转换器可在第一开关状态、第二开关状态和第三开关状态之间切换。此外，也简称为电池的高压电池具有例如至少一个第一电池段和至少一个第二电池段，其中，这些电池段例如相互串联连接或将串联连接。借助第一电池段，例如可以提供第一高压直流电压，其中，例如可以借助第二电池段提供第二高压直流电压。
在第一开关状态中，高压电池的第一电池段通过三级转换器被电连接或电接合到充电接线端，而第二电池段通过转换器与充电接线端分离。由此，第一电池段可以通过三级转换器被充以由充电接线端提供的电能。
在第二开关状态中，高压电池的第二电池段通过三级转换器被电连接或电接合到充电接线端，而高压电池的第一电池段借助转换器与充电接线端分离。由此，第二电池段可以通过三级转换器被充以由充电接线端提供的电能。最后，在第三开关状态中，高压电池的第一电池段和第二电池段均经由三级转换器被电连接到充电接线端，从而第一电池段和第二电池段二者都可通过三级转换器被充以由充电接线端提供的电能。
充电接线端例如可以被电连接到机动车外部电源，例如所谓的充电桩、尤其是也称为DC充电桩的直流电压充电桩。由此可以将由电源提供的且例如呈高电压形式的电压、特别是直流电压且最好是高压直流电压从外部电源传输到充电接线端，进而由充电接线端提供。换句话说，电源可以提供电能，该电能可被传输到充电接线端并且因此可以通过充电接口来提供。结果，高压电池可以通过充电接线端被充以由外部电源提供的电能。本发明所规定的三级转换器在此允许尤其依据由电源提供的电压来可选择地将第一电池段、第二电池段或将第一电池段和第二电池段两者电连接到充电接线端，进而被充以由电源提供的电能。
例如当由电源提供的电能具有与高压电池的高压直流电压相对应的电压时，出现第三开关状态。由此，第一电池段和第二电池段、尤其整个高压电池被电连接到充电接线端，从而第一电池段和第二电池段、尤其整个高压电池可同时被充以由充电接线端或经由充电接线端由电源提供的电能。
例如当由电源提供的电能所具有的电压虽然是高电压、但低于高压电池的高压直流电压时，出现第一开关状态或第二开关状态。由此，第一电池段或第二电池段可以通过三级转换器被充以由电源经由充电接线端提供的电能。在此优选地，在电池段或高压电池被充以由电源经由充电接线端所提供的电能的充电过程中规定，例如在充电过程的第一部分期间先出现第一开关状态。在例如在就时间而言跟在充电过程的第一部分之后的第二充电过程中例如出现第二开关状态。尤其可以规定，在充电过程中，第一开关状态和第二开关状态多次轮替。在各第一部分期间，第一电池段通过三级转换器被充电，而在各第二部分期间，第二电池段通过三级转换器被充电。由此，电池段在充电过程中被依次充电，且在此例如被交替充电多次，从而高压电池整体上在充电过程中被充电。例如当第一电池段被充电时，第二电池段未被充电，而例如在第二电池段被充电时，第一电池段未被充电。由此可能的是，尽管由电源提供的电能的电压低于高压电池的高压直流电压，但可以总体上有利地给高压电池充电。
在本发明范围内，高压直流电压、高压交流电压以及上述的高压和高电压一般是指大于50伏、特别是大于60伏的电压。高压、高压直流电压或高压交流电压优选为几百伏。电池段的高压直流电压之和例如是高压电池的高压直流电压。各电池段的相应高压直流电压例如优选为400伏，在此，优选规定，所述电池段的高压直流电压相等。因此，高压电池的高压直流电压优选为800伏。
根据本发明所采用的三级转换器在此允许高压电池不仅借助能够提供具有800伏直流电压的电能的充电基础设施、也借助能够提供400伏直流电压的电能的充电基础设施来充电。
此外，三级逆变器发挥双重功能。三级转换器的第一功能包括：高压电池能够以所述方式通过三级转换器被充电。在此，例如电池段可以通过设置在它们之间的中间电压抽头分别被单独地或彼此分开地充电，特别是在第一开关状态和第二开关状态下。在第三开关状态下，电池段可被同时或一起充电。三级变流器的第二功能包括：例如能够以马达模式且作为用电驱动机动车的电动机运行的电机通过三级转换器被供以高压交流电压且能够借助高压交流电压来工作。为此，例如在第四开关状态下，三级转换器将由高压电池提供的高压电池高压直流电压转换成上述高压交流电压，其由三级转换器特别是在第四开关状态下提供。因此，例如三级转换器在第四开关状态下用作三级逆变器或三级反相变换器。在此，电机尤其在第四开关状态下被提供以或可被提供以由三级转换器提供的高压交流电压，由此电机特别是作为电动机可运行或运行。三级转换器的这种双重功能可以将电路装置的和进而整个机动车的零部件数量和重量和成本保持在特别低的水平。
附图说明
从对优选实施例的以下描述中和结合附图得到本发明的其它优点、特征和细节。以上在说明书中提到的特征和特征组合以及以下在附图说明中提到的和/或在附图中单独示出的特征和特征组合不仅可以在各自所指明的组合中、也可以在其它组合中或单独地可采用，而没有脱离本发明范围，附图示出：
图1示出根据本发明的用于例如设计成混合动力车或电动车的机动车的电路装置的示意图；
图2示出处于第一开关状态的电路装置的示意图；
图3示出处于第二开关状态的电路装置的示意图；
图4示出处于第三开关状态的电路装置的示意图。
在图中，相同的或功能相同的零部件带有相同的附图标记。
具体实施方式
图1以示意图示出用于机动车的电路装置10。这意味着，机动车在其制造完成状态下具有该电路装置10。机动车在此例如被设计成混合动力车或优选被设计为电动车、尤其是电池电动车。电路装置10在此具有如图1特别示意性示出的且也简称为电池的高压电池12，用于储存电能或电流。此外，该电路装置包括至少一个电机14，该电机具有尤其正好三个相u、v和w。电机14在此例如能以马达模式且因此作为电动机来运行。为了使电机14以马达模式运行，电机14通过相u、v和w、尤其通过配属于相u、v和w的相线或相接线端被供以交流电压、尤其是高压交流电压。
电路装置10还包括转换器16，借此可以将由高压电池12可提供或提供的高压直流电压转换成用于运行电机14的高压交流电压。换句话说，高压电池12具有例如800伏的高压直流电压。这意味着高压电池12可以提供高压直流电压。在转换器16的至少一个开关状态中，转换器16将由高压电池12提供的高压直流电压转换为由转换器16提供的高压交流电压。由转换器16提供的高压交流电压特别可通过相线被馈送到电机14，从而给电机14、特别是相线供应或可供应由转换器16提供的高压交流电压。结果，电机14借助由转换器16提供的高压交流电压作为电动机且因此以马达模式来运行。由此可以借助电动机来以电动方式驱动机动车。
电路装置10具有充电接线端20。充电接线端20可以提供电能，特别是具有高压直流电压的电能，其中，高压电池12可以被充以由充电接线端20提供的电能。这意味着由充电接线端20提供的电能可被馈送入高压电池12并且因此被储存在电池中。
图1还特别示意性示出电源，其关于机动车且因此关于电路装置10而言在外部附加设置且在此呈充电桩22形式。充电桩22可以提供能够用以给高压电池12充电的电能。为此，充电桩22可被电连接到充电接线端20。由此可以将由充电桩22提供的电能传输至充电接线端20并由充电接线端20提供，从而可以将由充电桩22提供的电能通过充电接线端20传输至高压电池12。由此可以将由充电站22提供的电能储存在电池中。
充电接线端20具有带有第一线路34和第二线路36的线路装置18，这些线路可被由充电接线端20可提供或提供的电能流过。换句话说，由充电站22提供的且被用于给电池充电的电能可流过或流经线路34和36。
充电接线端20还具有电连接到线路34的第一触点38和连接到线路36的第二触点40，充电桩22可以电连接到这些触点。因此，由充电桩22提供的电能可被传输到触点38、40，并经由触点38、40被馈送入线路34、36或者充电接线端20。线路34和36和进而充电接线端20在此被电连接到转换器16。此时，在线路装置18中设有可选设置的接触器24，接触器包括两个开关42和44。开关42布置在线路34中，并且开关44布置在线路36中。各开关42或44可以在相应的断开状态和相应的接通状态之间被切换。例如如果开关42处于其断开状态，则线路34被断开，使得触点38与转换器16分开或分离，特别是电隔断。如果开关42被闭合，则线路34被接通，从而触点38电连接到转换器16。如果开关44处于其断开状态，则线路36被断开，由此触点40与转换器16分开或分离，特别是电隔断。但如果开关44处于其闭合状态，则线路36被接通，由此触点40电连接到转换器16。通过使用接触器24可实现特别安全的操作。
为了现在能够特别有利地给电池充电，转换器可被设计为三级转换器，其中，转换器16具有特别是正好三个开关单元46、48和50。开关单元46在此被分配给电机14的相u，其中，开关单元48被分配给相v，且开关单元50被分配给相w。电机14被设计为多相的、尤其是三相的电机。在图1所示的实施例中，开关单元46电连接或可电连接至相u，其中，该开关单元48电连接或可电连接至相v，而开关单元50电连接或可电连接至相w。
开关单元46、48或50分别具有尤其正好两个串联连接的开关组52和54或56和58或60和62。开关组52具有尤其正好两个串联连接的IGBT即T11和T12。此外，开关组54具有尤其正好两个串联连接的IGBT即T13和T14，其中，开关组52和54彼此串联连接。开关组56具有两个、尤其正好两个彼此串联的IGBT即T21和T22，而开关组58具有尤其恰好两个彼此串联的IGBT即T23和T24。开关组60具有尤其正好两个彼此串联的IGBT即T31和T32，而开关组62具有尤其正好两个彼此串联的IGBT即T33和T34。
也被称为第一抽头的第一接线端64布置在开关组52的IGBT即T11和T12之间，第一接线端直接电连接至充电接线端20的线路34。在此，也被称为第二抽头的第二接线端66布置在开关组58的IGBT即T23和T24之间，第二接线端直接电连接至充电接线端20的线路36。与常规的三级转换器相比，接线端64和66是附加设置的接线端，其中，附加的接线端64和66被直接连接到充电接线端20。不需要且未设置附加的分离元件。
高压电池12在此具有至少两个电池段28和30，它们例如彼此串联或串列连接。为了现在能够特别有利地给电池充电，转换器16被设计为三级转换器。三级转换器也被称为三级逆变器，其例如被集成在机动车中。转换器16在此包括单独的IGBT，即T11、T12、T13、T14、T21、T22、T23、T24、T31、T32、T33和T34(IGBT：具有绝缘栅电极的双极晶体管/绝缘栅双极晶体管)。如将在下面说明的那样，三级转换器的使用允许：尤其通过中间电路26，不仅用提供具有800伏高压直流电压的电能的充电桩来给电池充电，也借助提供具有400伏高压直流电压的电能的充电桩来给电池充电。换句话说，三级转换器允许用400伏充电桩和800伏充电桩来加载800伏的中间电路电压。
迄今为止，通常在机动车、特别是纯电动机动车中使用具有400伏中间电路电压的驱动系统，特别是与两级转换器结合使用。然而，800伏的中间电路电压、即高压电池12的800伏的高压直流电压是特别有利的，因为由此可以实现用于电驱动的很高的电功率。
但为了能够用现有充电基础设施(它能够提供最高400伏直流电压)来给这种具有800伏电压、特别是中间电路电压的电池充电，需要将附加变压器集成到机动车中，甚至需要新的提供800伏直流电压的充电桩。这导致高成本。电路装置10现在允许既可借助可提供800伏直流电压的充电基础设施、又可借助例如可提供最高400伏直流电压的充电基础设施来对高压蓄电池12充电，该蓄电池的高压直流电压例如为800伏。
为此，代替两级转换器地使用被设计为三级转换器的转换器16。转换器16具有图2所示的第一开关状态，或者可以在图2所示的第一开关状态下运行。在图2所示的实施例中，充电桩22例如提供具有400伏高压直流电压U1的电能。在此，在第一开关状态中，电池段28经由转换器16被电连接到充电接线端20，而电池段30尤其借助转换器16与充电接线端20分离。由此，电池段28被充以由充电桩22提供的电能，而电池段30不被充电。
转换器16还具有图3所示的第二开关状态。在图3所示的实施例中，充电桩22也提供具有400伏高压直流电压U1的电能。然而在第二开关状态下，电池段30通过转换器16被电连接至充电接线端20，而电池段28特别是借助于转换器16而与充电接线端20分离、尤其电隔离或分开。由此，电池段30利用由充电桩22所提供的电能来充电。
图4示出如下实施例，在此，充电桩22提供具有高压直流电压U2的电能。在此，高压直流电压U2为800伏。因此，高压直流电压U2对应于电池的高压直流电压。在第三开关状态中，电池段28和电池段30均经由转换器16被连接至充电接线端20，从而电池段28和30经由转换器16同时被充以由充电桩22提供的电能。另外，接触器24在第一开关状态、第二开关状态和第三开关状态下被闭合，从而充电接线端20电连接到转换器16。
充电接线端20例如是充电接线盒，400伏充电桩和800伏充电桩都可连接至充电接线盒。电池段28和30也被称为块，电池被划分成所述块。各块具有相应的高压直流电压，该高压直流电压例如为400伏。因此，块的高压直流电压之和等于整个电池的高压直流电压。此外，所述块的高压直流电压至少基本相等。为了将电池分成块或能够独立地或彼此分开地给块充电，设有也称为中间电压抽头的中间分接头32。中间分接头32例如被电连接到三级转换器的所谓的中性点。
可由充电桩22提供的电能或其电压也被称为充电电压。
为了例如根据图2借助充电站22给电池段28充电，IGBT即T22和T23被切换，以便例如将充电接线端20且经此将充电桩22电连接至电池段28。由此该电池段28可被加载、尤其被充以400伏电压。
为了例如如图3所示用充电桩22给电池段30充电，IGBT即T12和T13被切换并因此导通。根据图4，电池可直接通过二极管用充电桩22来充电，其所提供的电能(根据图4)为800伏。
通过使用附加的接线端64和66，线路34和36可被直接连接到转换器16，从而线路34和36可以绕过相u、v和w的相线。换句话说，线路34和36不必连接到相u、v和w的相线，而是线路34和36将在绕过相u、v和w的相线情况下直接电连接至转换器16和同时电连接至接线端64和66。

Claims (9)

1.一种用于机动车的电路装置(10)，具有：
-用于储存电能的高压电池(12)；
-用于驱动该机动车的至少一个电机(14)；
-转换器(16)，借助于该转换器能够将由该高压电池(12)提供的高压直流电压转换为高压交流电压以运行该电机(14)；以及
-用于提供电能以给该高压电池(12)充电的且具有第一线路(34)和第二线路(36)的充电接线端(20)，
其中，该高压电池(12)具有通过该高压电池(12)的中间抽头(32)相互连接的第一电池段(28)和第二电池段(30)，并且
其中，该转换器(16)被设计成三级转换器，具有：配属于该电机(14)第一相(u)的第一开关单元(46)、配属于该电机(14)第二相(v)的第二开关单元(48)和配属于该电机(14)第三相(w)的第三开关单元(50)，
其特征是，该转换器(16)具有：
-第一开关状态，在此状态下，至少该高压电池(12)的第一电池段(28)通过该三级转换器连接至该充电接线端(20)，并且至少该高压电池(12)的第二电池段(30)借助该转换器(16)与该充电接线端(20)分离，使得该第一电池段(28)能够通过该三级转换器被充以由该充电接线端(20)提供的电能；
-第二开关状态，在此状态下，该高压电池(12)的第二电池段(30)通过该三级转换器连接至该充电接线端(20)，并且该高压电池(12)的第一电池段(30)借助该转换器(16)与该充电接线端(20)分离，从而该第二电池段(20)能够通过该三级转换器被充以由该充电接线端(20)提供的电能；
-第三开关状态，在此状态下，该高压电池(12)的第一电池段(28)和该第二电池段(30)二者都通过该三级转换器连接至该充电接线端(20)，从而该第一电池段(28)和该第二电池段(30)能够通过该三级转换器被充以由该充电接线端(20)提供的电能。
2.根据权利要求1所述的电路装置(10)，其特征在于，在所述转换器(16)的第一开关状态下，所述第一电池段(28)能够被充以由所述充电接线端(20)提供的具有所述充电接线端(20)电压(U1)的电能，
所述电能的传输路径为：从该充电接线端(20)起经由该充电接线端(20)的第一线路(34)、该转换器(16)的第一开关单元(46)、该高压电池(12)的第一电池段(28)、该高压电池(12)的中间抽头(32)、经由该转换器(16)的第二开关单元(48)和该充电接线端(20)的第二线路(36)。
3.根据权利要求1所述的电路装置(10)，其特征在于，在所述转换器(16)的第二开关状态下，所述第二电池段(30)能够被充以由所述充电接线端(20)提供的具有所述充电接线端(20)电压(U1)的电能，
所述电能的传输路径为：从该充电接线端(20)起经由该充电接线端(20)的第一线路(34)、该转换器(16)的第一开关单元(46)、该高压电池(12)的中间抽头(32)、该高压电池(12)的第二电池段(30)、经由该转换器(16)的第二开关单元(48)和该充电接线端(20)的第二线路(36)。
4.根据权利要求1所述的电路装置(10)，其特征在于，在所述转换器(16)的第三开关状态下，该第一电池段(28)与该第二电池段(30)串联连接，使得该第一电池段(28)与该第二电池段(30)的串联电路能够通过该转换器(16)被充以由该充电接线端(20)提供的具有电压(U2)的电能，
所述电能的传输路径为：从该充电接线端(20)起经由该充电接线端(20)的第一线路(34)、该转换器(16)的第一开关单元(46)、该高压电池(12)的第一电池段(28)、该高压电池(12)的中间抽头(32)、该高压电池(12)的第二电池段(30)、经由该转换器(16)的第二开关单元(48)和该充电接线端(20)的第二线路(36)。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的电路装置(10)，其特征在于，不存在所述转换器(16)的如下开关状态，此时所述转换器(16)的第三开关单元(50)直接电连接至该充电接线端(20)的第一线路(34)和/或该充电接线端(20)的第二线路(36)。
6.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的电路装置(10)，其特征在于，该第一开关单元(46)包括两个串联连接的开关组(52,54)，所述开关组分别具有两个串联的IGBT(T11,T12,T13,T14)，其中，在其中一个所述开关组(52,54)的所述IGBT(T11,T12)之间设有接线端(64)，该接线端直接电连接到该充电接线端(20)的第一线路(34)。
7.根据权利要求6所述的电路装置(10)，其特征在于，所述充电接线端(20)的至少一个接触器(24)布置在所述线路(34)中。
8.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的电路装置(10)，其特征在于，该第二开关单元(48)包括两个串联的第二开关组(56,58)，所述第二开关组各具有两个串联的第二IGBT(T21,T22,T23,T24)，其中，在所述第二开关组(56,58)之一的所述第二IGBT(T23,T24)之间布置第二接线端(66)，该第二接线端(66)直接电连接至该充电接线端(20)的第二线路(36)。
9.根据权利要求8所述的电路装置(10)，其特征在于，所述充电接线端(20)的至少一个接触器(24)布置在所述第二线路(36)中。
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