CN115107535A - 具有升压转换功能的电气系统 - Google Patents

具有升压转换功能的电气系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN115107535A
CN115107535A CN202111528672.6A CN202111528672A CN115107535A CN 115107535 A CN115107535 A CN 115107535A CN 202111528672 A CN202111528672 A CN 202111528672A CN 115107535 A CN115107535 A CN 115107535A
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switches
electrical system
power
ress
power inverter
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CN202111528672.6A
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R·普拉萨德
C·S·纳姆杜里
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GM Global Technology Operations LLC
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GM Global Technology Operations LLC
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0095—Hybrid converter topologies, e.g. NPC mixed with flying capacitor, thyristor converter mixed with MMC or charge pump mixed with buck
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/51—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells characterised by AC-motors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/20—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by converters located in the vehicle
    • B60L53/22—Constructional details or arrangements of charging converters specially adapted for charging electric vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/20—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by converters located in the vehicle
    • B60L53/24—Using the vehicle's propulsion converter for charging
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R16/00—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for
    • B60R16/02—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements
    • B60R16/03—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements for supply of electrical power to vehicle subsystems or for
    • B60R16/033—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements for supply of electrical power to vehicle subsystems or for characterised by the use of electrical cells or batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/14—Arrangements for reducing ripples from dc input or output
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/53—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/537—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
    • H02M7/5387—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration
    • H02M7/53871—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration with automatic control of output voltage or current
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P27/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage
    • H02P27/04—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage
    • H02P27/06—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using dc to ac converters or inverters
    • H02P27/08—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using dc to ac converters or inverters with pulse width modulation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/28—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the electric energy storing means, e.g. batteries or capacitors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2210/00—Converter types
    • B60L2210/10—DC to DC converters
    • B60L2210/14—Boost converters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2210/00—Converter types
    • B60L2210/40—DC to AC converters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2210/00—Converter types
    • B60L2210/40—DC to AC converters
    • B60L2210/44—Current source inverters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
    • B60L53/14—Conductive energy transfer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/50—Charging stations characterised by energy-storage or power-generation means
    • B60L53/53—Batteries
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
    • B60Y2200/00—Type of vehicle
    • B60Y2200/90—Vehicles comprising electric prime movers
    • B60Y2200/91—Electric vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
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    • B60Y2200/92—Hybrid vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
    • B60Y2400/00—Special features of vehicle units
    • B60Y2400/61—Arrangements of controllers for electric machines, e.g. inverters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • H02M3/158—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
    • H02M3/1584—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load with a plurality of power processing stages connected in parallel
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P2201/00—Indexing scheme relating to controlling arrangements characterised by the converter used
    • H02P2201/09—Boost converter, i.e. DC-DC step up converter increasing the voltage between the supply and the inverter driving the motor
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/14—Plug-in electric vehicles

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)

Abstract

一种电气系统可以包括可再充电能量存储系统(RESS)和连接到RESS的功率逆变器。功率逆变器可以被配置成向牵引电动机提供电力。该电气系统包括连接在多个第一开关和牵引电动机之间的多个电机绕组。多个第一开关中的每个开关被配置成在关闭状态和打开状态之间转换，关闭状态使得电流在功率逆变器和牵引电动机之间流动。该电气系统包括连接在多个第二开关和非车载电源之间的多个电感器绕组。多个第二开关中的每个开关被配置成在关闭状态和打开状态之间转换，关闭状态使得电流在非车载电源和功率逆变器之间流动以对所述RESS充电。

Description

具有升压转换功能的电气系统
技术领域
本公开涉及一种具有升压转换功能的车辆电气系统。
背景技术
混合电动或电池电动车辆变速器通常包括一个或多个电动发电机单元或牵引电动机形式 的高压多相电机。电机向可再充电直流(DC)电池组供电/充电或从其汲取电能。通电的电 机调节变速器各齿轮组的扭矩，以实现最佳的系统效率。DC升压转换器通常用于将电池输出 电压升高到适合电机使用的水平。
功率逆变器模块的半导体开关通过脉宽调制或其他开关控制信号来控制，以将升压的电 池输出电压转换成交流(AC)输出电压。来自功率逆变器模块的AC输出电压最终传输到电 机的各相绕组。通电的电机为车辆的传动系统提供动力。
发明内容
公开了一种示例性电气系统。电气系统可以包括可再充电能量存储系统(RESS)和连接 到RESS的功率逆变器。功率逆变器可以被配置成向牵引电动机提供电力。电气系统可以包 括连接在多个第一开关和牵引电动机之间的多个电机绕组。多个第一开关中的每个开关被配 置成在关闭状态和打开状态之间转换，关闭状态使得电流在功率逆变器和牵引电动机之间流 动，打开状态阻止电流在功率逆变器和牵引电动机之间流动。电气系统包括连接在多个第二 开关和非车载电源之间的多个电感器绕组。多个第二开关中的每个开关被配置成在关闭状态 和打开状态之间转换，关闭状态使得电流在非车载电源和功率逆变器之间流动以对RESS充 电，打开状态阻止电流在非车载电源和功率逆变器之间流动。
在其他特征中，多个电机绕组中的每个绕组包括牵引电动机的绕组。
在其他特征中，多个电感器绕组中的每个绕组围绕公共磁芯设置。
在其他特征中，多个电感器绕组中的每个绕组围绕不同磁芯设置。
在其他特征中，功率逆变器包括一组半导体开关，该组半导体开关被配置成将直流(DC) 电转换成交流(AC)电。
在其他特征中，该组半导体开关中的每个半导体开关包括压控开关器件。
在其他特征中，压控开关器件包括硅绝缘栅双极型晶体管(IGBT)、碳化硅金属氧化物 半导体场效应晶体管(MOSFET)、硅超结MOSFET、氮化镓(GaN)场效应晶体管(FET)、 碳化硅结栅场效应晶体管(JFET)、宽带隙(WBG)器件或超宽带隙器件(UWBG)中的至 少一个。
在其他特征中，功率逆变器包括多个相桥臂，多个相桥臂中的每个相桥臂包括该组半导 体开关中的一对半导体开关，其中每个相桥臂选择性地连接到多个电机绕组中的相应电机绕 组或多个电感器中的相应电感器。
在其他特征中，第一相桥臂和第二相桥臂的至少一个半导体开关被脉宽调制，以使得电 流流过第一相桥臂和第二相桥臂中的至少一个。
在其他特征中，电流流过多个电感器绕组中的至少两个电感器绕组，以将来自非车载电 源的电压从第一电压升高到第二电压。
公开了一种示例性电气系统。电气系统可以包括可再充电能量存储系统(RESS)和连接 到RESS的功率逆变器。功率逆变器可以被配置成向牵引电动机提供电力。电气系统包括连 接在多个第一开关和牵引电动机之间的多个电机绕组。多个第一开关中的每个开关被配置成 在关闭状态和打开状态之间转换，关闭状态使得电流在功率逆变器和牵引电动机之间流动， 打开状态阻止电流在功率逆变器和牵引电动机之间流动。电气系统包括连接在多个第二开关 和非车载电源之间的多个电感器绕组。多个第二开关中的每个开关被配置成在关闭状态和打 开状态之间转换，关闭状态使得电流在非车载电源和功率逆变器之间流动以对RESS充电， 打开状态阻止电流在非车载电源和功率逆变器之间流动。电气系统包括连接到多个第一开关、 多个第二开关的控制器，即功率逆变器控制器。控制器被配置成向多个第一开关、多个第二 开关和功率逆变器控制器传输控制信号，以使得电流在非车载电源和功率逆变器之间流动， 以在充电操作过程中对RESS进行充电。
在其他特征中，多个电机绕组的每个绕组包括牵引电动机的绕组。
在其他特征中，多个电感器绕组中的每个绕组围绕公共磁芯设置。
在其他特征中，多个电感器绕组中的每个绕组围绕不同磁芯设置。
在其他特征中，功率逆变器包括一组半导体开关，该组半导体开关被配置成将直流(DC) 电转换成交流(AC)电。
在其他特征中，该组半导体开关中的每个半导体开关包括压控开关器件，其中压控开关 器件包括硅绝缘栅双极型晶体管(IGBT)、碳化硅金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管(MOSFET)、 硅超结MOSFET、氮化镓(GaN)场效应晶体管(FET)、碳化硅结栅场效应晶体管(JFET)、 宽带隙(WBG)器件或超宽带隙器件(UWBG)中的至少一个。
在其他特征中，功率逆变器包括多个相桥臂，多个相桥臂中的每个相桥臂包括该组半导 体开关中的一对半导体开关，其中每个相桥臂选择性地连接到多个电机绕组中的相应电机绕 组或多个电感器中的相应电感器。
在其他特征中，控制器通过空中编程接收软件更新。
在其他特征中，控制器被配置成传输控制信号以控制电流流动，以减轻转矩扰动并实现 升压转换功能。
公开了一种方法，该方法包括：确定是否已经建立了与非车载电源的连接。该方法还包 括：将至少一个控制信号传输到功率逆变器和至少一个第一开关以阻止电流在功率逆变器和 牵引电动机的多个电机绕组之间流动，并且传输到至少一个第二开关以使得电流在充电操作 过程中从非车载电源通过多个电感器绕组流到可再充电能量存储系统(RESS)。
在其他特征中，多个电感器绕组设置在RESS或功率逆变器中的至少一个内。
根据本文提供的描述，进一步的应用领域将变得显而易见。应当理解，这些描述和具体 示例仅用于说明的目的，并不用于限制本公开的范围。
附图说明
本文中描述的附图仅用于说明目的，并不旨在以任何方式限制本公开的范围。
图1A是连接到非车载DC快速充电站的示例性机动车辆的示意图；
图1B是连接到另一机动车辆以进行车辆对车辆充电的示例性机动车辆的示意图；
图2A是根据示例性实施方式的示例性电气系统的框图；
图2B是根据示例性实施方式的示例性电气系统的框图；
图3是根据示例性实施方式的示例性电气系统的电路示意图；
图4是根据另一示例性实施方式的示例性电气系统的电路示意图。
具体实施方式
以下描述本质上仅仅是示例性的，并不旨在限制本公开、应用或用途。
一些混合电动或电池电动车辆可包括本地车载可再充电能量存储系统(RESS)，该系统 存储的电压高于可用于为车辆的RESS充电的电压。在这些实例中，车辆可能需要额外的 DC-DC转换器，以在充电过程中升高从非车载电源到RESS的电压。额外的DC-DC转换器会导致车辆成本、质量和体积的增加。
本公开描述了一种通过逆变器开关和一组电感器绕组提供升压转换功能的电气系统。例 如，诸如逆变器控制器的控制器可以选择性地将一个或多个开关从打开状态转换到关闭状态， 或者反之亦然，以将电力从非车载电源引导到RESS。电力可以通过逆变器被引接通过一个或 多个电感器绕组，使得电压相对于非车载电源的电压升高。
图1A示出了作为机动车辆20的一部分的示例性直流(DC)充电电路10。车辆20被描绘为正在经历DC快速充电操作，其中DC充电电路10例如使用SAE J1772充电连接器、CHAdeMO或另一个合适的区域或国家标准充电插头或连接器经由充电端口11和充电电缆15电连接到非车载DC快速充电站30。本教导独立于在涉及DC快速充电站30的DC快速充电 操作中最终采用的特定充电标准，因此上述示例仅是说明性的。
DC充电电路10可以用作机动车辆20以及其他电气系统，例如固定或移动电源设备机器 人或平台的一部分。对于车辆应用，非机动车辆，如飞机、船舶和轨道车辆可能享有类似的 好处。DC充电电路10可以用作诸如示例性车辆20的移动系统的动力传动系的一部分。为了 说明的一致性，在下文将描述DC充电电路10作为机动车辆环境中的车辆20的组成部分的 应用，但本公开不局限于这样的实施方式。
图1A的车辆20包括车身12和驱动轮14。车身12可以在用户可接近的位置限定或包括 充电端口11。车辆20可以以不同方式实施为插电式电动车辆，其具有如图2A和图2B所示和下文所述的车载可再充电能量存储系统(RESS)115，例如可以使用图1A所示非车载DC 快速充电(DCFC)站30选择性地再充电的多电池锂离子、锌空气、镍金属氢化物或铅酸直 流电池组。如在图2A和图2B中最佳描绘的，DC充电电路10结合了车辆20的动力传动系/ 牵引驱动部件，其一般功能可以包括为电机(ME)(例如牵引电动机114)提供动力，以产 生电动机扭矩并将其传递到驱动轮14，以推进车辆20或者在车辆20上执行其他有用的工作。 图1B示出了车辆对车辆(V2V)充电的示例性实施方式。如图所示，第一车辆20-1可用于 至少部分地给第二车辆20-2充电，反之亦然。第一车辆20-1和/或第二车辆20-2可以包括如 本文中所述的电气系统。
图2A和图2B示出了根据各种实施方式的车辆20的电气系统100的框图。如图所示，电气系统100包括车载可再充电能量存储系统(RESS)115，其适于存储用于推进电驱动车辆(例如图1的车辆20)的高压电能。在各种实施方式中，RESS 115可以是深循环、高安培 容量的电池系统，其额定电压为大约四百(400)至大约八百(800)伏直流电压(VDC)或 更高，这例如取决于所需汽车可行驶里程、车辆总重以及从RESS 115汲取电力的各种负载的 额定功率。然而，应当理解，RESS 115也可以额定用于其他电压。DC链路电容器Co可以 连接在逆变器的正极端子和负极端子之间，如图3所示。
RESS 115可以包括一个或多个高压、独立可再充电电池组。RESS 115可以连接到高压 DC母线160和功率逆变器162，以控制进出牵引电动机114的电能的传输。
车辆20还可以包括一个或多个附件负载170。在示例性实施方式中，附件负载170可以 包括从电气系统100汲取电力的各种负载。在示例性实施方式中，RESS 115可以适于在第一 电压，例如大约八百(800)伏直流电压下存储电压。然而，非车载电源，例如非车载DC快 速充电站30或另一车辆，可以被配置成在小于第一电压的第二电压，例如四百(400)伏直 流电压下提供电压。如下文更详细讨论的，电气系统100可以被配置成升高由非车载电源提 供的电压。
电气系统100还包括控制器150、第一开关102、第二开关103和第三开关104，以控制 升压DC-DC操作，以从非车载电源向RESS 115输送电力。虽然所示的非车载电源包括DC快速充电站30，但是应当理解，非车载电源也可以包括另一车辆。
开关102、开关103和开关104可包括接触器或固态继电器，其适于在电负载下关闭， 以确保向车辆推进系统瞬时或接近瞬时输送电力，并驱动任意数量的车载附件。在另一示例 性实施方式中，开关102和103中的一个或多个可以用单刀双掷(SPDT)开关代替。在本实 施方式中，SPDT 105可由控制器150控制，以使得非车载电源连接到RESS 115或一组电感 器绕组167，这将在下面更详细地讨论。
控制器150可以包括至少一个处理器和用于存储计算机可读指令的足够的存储器。存储 器包括有形的、非暂时性的存储器，例如只读存储器，无论是光学的、磁性的、闪存的还是 其他存储器。控制器150还包括足够数量的随机存取存储器、电可擦除可编程只读存储器等 等，以及高速时钟、模数和数模电路、输入/输出电路和设备，以及合适的信号调节和缓冲电 路。控制器150可以从车辆20的一个或多个电子控制单元(ECU)接收充电请求信号。例如， 与车辆到充电站或车辆到车辆通信系统相关联的ECU可以提供指示RESS 115需要从电压低 于RESS电压的电源充电的信号，并且控制器150可以启动升压DC-DC操作，如下所述。如 果DC快速充电站30能够直接为RESS 115提供所需的充电电压，则开关102和开关103可 以关闭，开关104可以打开，例如未使用升压模式操作。
如图2A至图3所示，电气系统100还包括逆变器控制器180，逆变器控制器控制功率逆 变器162的半导体开关S1至S6的操作，将在下面参照图2A至图3更详细地描述。逆变器控制器180可以包括至少一个处理器和用于存储计算机可读指令的足够的存储器。存储器包 括有形的、非暂时性的存储器，例如只读存储器，无论是光学的、磁性的、闪存的还是其他 存储器。逆变器控制器180还包括足够数量的随机存取存储器、电可擦除可编程只读存储器 等，以及高速时钟、模数和数模电路、输入/输出电路和设备，以及合适的信号调节和缓冲电 路。
在示例性实施方式中，逆变器控制器180可以从控制器150和/或从逆变器和牵引电动机 114内的传感器接收信号。例如，这些传感器可包括相电流传感器和/或转子位置传感器，并 分别提供指示相电流和/或转子位置的信号。逆变器控制180可以通过向一个或多个栅极提供 信号来控制半导体开关S1至S6，以使半导体开关S1至S6在打开状态和关闭状态之间转换， 这将在下面更详细地讨论。
图3示出了电气系统100的示例性示意图。功率逆变器162可以包括双向直流到交流和 交流到直流的功率逆变器，其可以是牵引功率逆变器模块(TPIM)的一部分，牵引功率逆变 器模块通过电感器绕组167将非车载电源，例如非车载DC快速充电站30或另一车辆连接到 RESS 115。如图所示，电气系统100包括多个电机绕组166和多个电感器绕组167，电感器 绕组与电机绕组磁性解耦并且可以设置在散热器表面上的逆变器或电池组件内以用于冷却。
在示例性实施方式中，电机绕组166可以包括绕组，例如牵引电动机114的电机绕组。 例如，在车辆20运行过程中，电机绕组166可以提供三相电以产生旋转磁场来旋转牵引电动 机114的转子。虽然图示为仅包括三个电机绕组166，但是应当理解，根据电动机配置，牵 引电动机114可以包括额外的电机绕组166。功率逆变器162可以包含多个相和相应的可操 作的电动机控制模块，以从其接收电动机控制命令并控制逆变器状态，以提供电动机驱动或 再生功能。在示例性实施方式中，电机绕组166可以包括电机绕组La、Lb、Lc。
电感器绕组167可以包括多个电感器绕组，如图3所示的电感器绕组Lx、Ly、Lz，并且 可以升高经由非车载电源提供给RESS 115的电压，这将在下面更详细地讨论。在一些实施方 式中，电感器绕组Lx、Ly、Lz可以围绕各自的磁芯设置，例如以缠绕的方式。在其他实施 方式中，电感器绕组Lx、Ly、Lz可以围绕单个(例如公共)磁芯设置，以减小车辆20内的质量和体积。
如图3所示，电气电路还包括第一组开关156和第二组开关158。第一组开关156可以 至少包括第一开关Sa、第二开关Sb和第三开关Sc。开关Sa、Sb和Sc可以设置在电机绕组166的相应电机绕组La、Lb或Lc和功率逆变器162之间。开关Sa、Sb和Sc可以由控制器 150操作，使得电能在车辆运行过程中被提供给牵引电动机114，并且阻止电能在充电操作过 程中被提供给牵引电动机114。
第二组开关158可以包括开关Sx、Sy、Sz，并且当非车载电源连接到车辆20时，可以设置在电感器绕组167的相应电感器绕组Lx、Ly或Lz和非车载电源之间。开关Sx、Sy和 Sz可以由控制器150操作，使得电能在充电操作过程中被提供给RESS 115，并且阻止电能在 车辆运行过程中和/或当非车载电源断开连接时从RESS被提供。在示例性实施方式中，该组开关156和该组开关158可以包括接触器，例如继电器。在示例性实施方式中，该组开关156和该组开关158可以用单刀双掷(SPDT)开关代替。
功率逆变器162可以包括半导体开关S1至S6(在本文中也称为“逆变器开关”)组成的 开关组164，这些开关协作地将来自RESS 115的直流(DC)电转换成交流(AC)电，用于 在电动机运行或制动模式下通过高频开关为牵引电动机114供电。每个半导体开关S1至S6 可以实施为硅绝缘栅双极型晶体管(IGBT)、碳化硅(SiC)金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管(MOSFET)、硅(Si)超结MOSFET、氮化镓(GaN)场效应晶体管(FET)、碳化硅结栅场 效应晶体管(JFET)、其他宽带隙(WBG)或超宽带隙半导体功率开关器件(UWBG)形式 的压控开关器件，或者具有相应栅极的其他合适开关，栅极信号被施加到该栅极以改变给定 开关的开/关状态。三相牵引电动机114的每一相通常至少有一对半导体开关。每对开关，例 如开关S1和S2(相A)、开关S3和S4(相B)以及开关S5和S6(相C)，可以被称为功率 逆变器162的相桥臂。例如，在示例性实施方式中，功率逆变器162可以包括至少三(3)个 相桥臂。功率逆变器162的每个相桥臂连接到相应的电机相端子，例如电机绕组166之一。
参考图3，非车载电源，例如充电器30或另一车辆，可以适于在充电过程中向RESS115 提供经转换的电力。例如，电气系统100可以升高由非车载电源提供的电压。电池组116可 以适于在第一电压下存储电压，第一电压比第二电压高，例如，第一电压可以是八百(800) 伏直流电压，第二电压可以是四百(400)伏直流电压。在该操作状态(例如充电操作)期间， 开关S1、S2和S5可以处于打开状态，以阻止电流流过相应开关。开关S2、S4或S6中的至 少一个可以被提供脉宽调制控制信号，以使得电流从非车载充电源流向RESS 115。在升压充 电操作期间，控制器150还可以使相应绕组，例如电感器绕组167的电感器绕组Lx、Ly或 Lz，以及相应的开关Sx、Sy或Sz处于关闭状态，以完成非车载充电源和RESS 115之间的电连接。
电感器绕组Lx、Ly、Lz的电感元件和相应的续流二极管功率逆变器162开关可以用作 交错式三相升压转换器。应当理解，通过使用与电机绕组磁性解耦的电感器绕组，不会对电 机转矩产生影响，因为它在升压操作期间是断开连接的。控制器150和/或逆变器控制器180 可以选择逆变器相位的最佳占空比和相移，以在升压转换功能期间提供具有最小电流脉动的 所请求充电电流。例如，控制器150和/或逆变器控制器180可以基于一个或多个车辆参数(例 如充电电流、电压等)使用查找表，并且输出对应于车辆参数的PMW信号，以使得第二组 开关158和/或一个或多个逆变器开关S1至S6如上所述进行操作。例如，基于开关选择，可 以选择所需升压转换功能来给RESS 115充电并最小化充电电流脉动。
在各种实施方式中，控制器150和逆变器控制器180可以调制提供给第二组开关158和/ 或功率逆变器162开关的控制信号。例如，在充电操作期间，可以调制控制信号，使得电能 在第一时间段经由电感器绕组Lx和开关S1提供给RESS 115，电能在第二时间段经由电感器 绕组Ly和开关S3提供给RESS 115，并且电能在第三时间段经由电感器绕组Lz和开关S5 提供给RESS 115。应当理解，控制器150可以结合各种控制方案，以使得由非车载电源提供 的电压转换成更高的电压，例如从第一电压转换成第二电压。
在充电操作期间，存储在电机绕组Lx、Ly、Lz之一中的能量经由功率逆变器开关162 的相应续流二极管被传递到RESS 115。因此，电感器绕组167结合逆变器相桥臂开关可以将 第一电压升高到第二电压，例如，执行升压转换。在逆变器开关由MOSFET组成的实施方式 中，在升压转换器操作期间，当下部开关关闭时，每相中的互补型开关可以接通，以最小化 续流二极管损耗。
在一些实施方式中，控制器150的软件可以通过空中编程来更新。例如，软件更新可以 通过一个或多个合适的通信网络从数据源，例如原始设备制造商(OEM)传输到控制器150。 空中更新可以提供所需参数以通过经由逆变器控制器180根据充电功率水平调节一个或多个 开关S1至S6的逆变器控制信号，例如电流指令、频率、占空比、相移等来调节充电功率。
图4是用于通过非车载电源向车辆20的RESS 115供电的示例性过程400的流程图。过 程700的框可以由控制器150和/或逆变器控制器180执行。在框405，确定非车载电源和高 压DC母线160之间的电连接是否已经建立。例如，控制器150可以通过合适的握手协议和/ 或与非车载电源控制器的信号接收指示充电开始的输入信号，并建立电连接。如果尚未建立 电连接，则400返回到框405。
如果已经建立了电连接，则在框410，控制器150向逆变器162、开关102、103、104以及第一组开关156、和第二组开关158发送一个或多个控制信号。基于来自控制器150的输入，开关102、103、104和/或105转换到所需操作状态，例如打开状态或关闭状态，并且逆 变器控制器180输出电压信号，该电压信号使得逆变器162的开关S1至S6提供升压功能。 例如，开关102可以转换到打开状态，以阻止电流从非车载电源流向RESS 115，并且开关103可以转换到关闭状态，以使得电流从非车载电源流向电感器绕组167，例如升压电感器绕组， 从而升高提供给RESS 115的电压。功率逆变器162的开关可以被调制，同时由于升压转换器 使电流流过电感器绕组167的动作，相应的第二组开关158保持关闭以增加RESS 115处的电 压。
在框415，控制器150确定与非车载电源之间的电连接是否已经断开或者RESS充电是否 完成。例如，控制器150可以接收指示充电电缆15连接器已经与充电端口11断开连接或者 RESS充电完成的信号。如果控制器150没有确定电连接已经断开或者RESS充电已经完成， 则过程400返回到框415。否则，过程400结束。
本公开的描述本质上仅仅是示例性的，并且不脱离本公开主旨的变化均落入本公开的范 围。这种变化不应被视为脱离本公开的精神和范围。

Claims (10)

1.一种电气系统，包括：
可再充电能量存储系统(RESS)；
连接到所述RESS的功率逆变器，所述功率逆变器被配置成向牵引电动机提供电力；
连接在多个第一开关和所述牵引电动机之间的多个电机绕组，其中，所述多个第一开关中的每个开关被配置成在关闭状态和打开状态之间转换，所述关闭状态使得电流在所述功率逆变器和所述牵引电动机之间流动，所述打开状态阻止电流在所述功率逆变器和所述牵引电动机之间流动；以及
连接在多个第二开关和非车载电源之间的多个电感器绕组，其中，所述多个第二开关中的每个开关被配置成在关闭状态和打开状态之间转换，所述关闭状态使得电流在所述非车载电源和所述功率逆变器之间流动以对所述RESS充电，所述打开状态阻止电流在所述非车载电源和所述功率逆变器之间流动。
2.如权利要求1所述的电气系统，其中，所述多个电机绕组中的每个绕组包括所述牵引电动机的绕组。
3.如权利要求1所述的电气系统，其中，所述多个电感器绕组中的每个绕组围绕公共磁芯设置，所述公共磁芯与电机磁性解耦。
4.如权利要求1所述的电气系统，其中，所述多个电感器绕组中的每个绕组围绕不同磁芯设置，每个所述不同磁芯与所述电机磁性解耦。
5.如权利要求1所述的电气系统，其中，所述功率逆变器包括一组半导体开关，所述一组半导体开关被配置成将直流(DC)电转换成交流(AC)电。
6.如权利要求5所述的电气系统，其中，所述一组半导体开关中的每个半导体开关包括压控开关器件。
7.如权利要求6所述的电气系统，其中，所述压控开关器件包括硅绝缘栅双极型晶体管(IGBT)、碳化硅金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管(MOSFET)、硅超结MOSFET、氮化镓(GaN)场效应晶体管(FET)、碳化硅结栅场效应晶体管(JFET)、宽带隙(WBG)器件或超宽带隙器件(UWBG)中的至少一个。
8.如权利要求5所述的电气系统，其中，所述功率逆变器包括多个相桥臂，所述多个相桥臂中的每个相桥臂包括所述一组半导体开关中的一对半导体开关，其中每个相桥臂选择性地连接到所述多个电机绕组中的相应电机绕组或所述多个电感器中的相应电感器。
9.如权利要求8所述的电气系统，其中，至少一个相桥臂的至少一个半导体开关被脉宽调制，以使得电流流过所述相桥臂和相应电感器绕组中的至少一个从所述非车载电源流到所述RESS。
10.如权利要求9所述的电气系统，其中，电流流过所述多个电感器绕组中的至少一个电感器绕组，以将来自所述非车载电源的电压从第一电压升高到第二电压。
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