CN113193787A - Method for realizing noise selective power generation by utilizing porous sound energy collector - Google Patents
Method for realizing noise selective power generation by utilizing porous sound energy collector Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02N—ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H02N2/00—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction
- H02N2/18—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction producing electrical output from mechanical input, e.g. generators
- H02N2/186—Vibration harvesters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/32—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from a charging set comprising a non-electric prime mover rotating at constant speed
Abstract
A method for realizing noise selective power generation by utilizing a porous sound energy collector, a method and a system for realizing constant-voltage noise power supply and low-voltage power storage in a ship engine room. The method comprises the following steps: the control module is used for controlling the opening and closing of the hole on the sound energy collector and the switching of the isolating switch according to the sound energy; collecting noise in a ship engine room by using a porous broadband sound energy collector based on the double-defect acoustic metamaterial; amplifying the collected sound by using a Helmholtz resonator; the piezoelectric ceramic transducer is used for converting sound energy into electric energy; connecting the constant voltage current output by the energy converter in case of large noise to equipment; the low-voltage alternating current output by the transducer in small noise is rectified and then is connected into a storage battery to charge the battery, and the battery is used as a standby power supply. The system can collect and utilize the noise in the ship engine room, reduce the noise pollution in the ship engine room, and can simply and effectively realize the processing and the reutilization of the noise.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of new energy power generation, in particular to a method for realizing noise selective power generation by utilizing a porous sound energy collector
Background
Under a certain condition, when the sound wave meets the barrier energy and is converted into electric energy, for example, the sound power of a jet plane with the noise reaching 160dB reaches 10000W; the sound power of a large blower with noise reaching 140dB is 100W; the engine room of the ship is provided with a diesel engine (host), a diesel generator set, a supercharger and the like with thousands of kilowatts, and the equipment can generate large noise energy by continuous operation and can meet the power generation requirement.
The broadband sound energy collector based on the double-defect acoustic metamaterial breaks through the limitation of the size on the action frequency, and can finish small-size collection of low-frequency electric energy; due to the symmetry of the space structure of the acoustic metamaterial, acoustic energy collection in multiple directions can be realized; meanwhile, a defect state is introduced, so that sound energy is localized at the defect, the local sound pressure is amplified, and the sound energy is converged; therefore, the broadband acoustic energy collector based on the double-defect acoustic metamaterial can collect acoustic energy more efficiently.
The piezoelectric ceramic transducer has good piezoelectric effect, and the piezoelectric ceramic transducer enables the piezoelectric ceramic transducer to generate strain through the acting force of noise sound waves, so that a polarization electric field is generated, and the process of sound-electricity conversion is completed. The quantity of electric charge generated by the piezoelectric material under stress is in direct proportion to the magnitude of external force, namely the external force is constant, and the voltage generated by the piezoelectric material is constant.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method and a system for realizing constant-voltage noise power supply and low-voltage power storage in a ship engine room by using a porous double-defect acoustic metamaterial-based broadband acoustic energy collector, so as to solve the problems of noise treatment and reutilization in the traditional ship engine room; constant voltage current directly links equipment and uses to low voltage current inserts the battery as reserve, compares in all inserting the battery with the electric current of arbitrary size, has reduced the loss of battery charging power consumption, has improved the availability factor of electric energy.
A method for realizing noise selective power generation by utilizing a porous sound energy collector comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: installing a broadband sound energy collector, a Helmholtz resonator, a piezoelectric ceramic transducer and a matched control device with a noise measuring device based on the double-defect acoustic metamaterial; the broadband sound energy collector is provided with sound collecting holes, and the holes of the sound energy collector are opened and closed in real time by using a control module according to the sound energy in the environment and are correspondingly switched by using an isolating switch;
step two: collecting noise by using a porous broadband sound energy collector based on the double-defect acoustic metamaterial;
step three: amplifying the collected sound by using a Helmholtz resonator;
step four: the piezoelectric ceramic transducer is used for converting sound energy into electric energy;
step five: the constant voltage current generated by the transducer under the condition of high noise is directly input into equipment for power supply;
step six: the low-voltage alternating current electric energy generated by the energy converter under the condition of low noise is connected into the storage battery through rectification to charge the battery.
Further, in the step one, a sound insulation barrier made of sound insulation materials is added, so that loss of sound energy is reduced.
Furthermore, in the first step, a plurality of broadband acoustic energy collectors based on the double-defect acoustic metamaterial are installed, each broadband acoustic energy collector based on the double-defect acoustic metamaterial is provided with a Helmholtz resonator, a plurality of sound collecting holes are formed in the broadband acoustic energy collector based on the double-defect acoustic metamaterial, and energy collection can be regulated and controlled within a range of +/-1%; and then the coupled porous broadband acoustic energy collector based on the double-defect acoustic metamaterial and the Helmholtz resonator are connected into the piezoelectric ceramic transducer.
Further, in the step one, the voltage magnitude of the constant voltage current needing to be input into the equipment is determined and set as U0(ii) a Calculating the voltage U generated by the piezoelectric material according to a formula0Subjected to an external force F0The numerical value of (A):
Q＝Cd*V＝F*d33
in the above formula, Q represents a charge, CdRepresenting capacitance, V representing voltage, F representing external force, d33Represents a piezoelectric constant;
the output voltage V is determined by the piezoelectric constant g of the piezoelectric material element33The thickness t and the sectional area A are expressed by the following relation:
V＝F*d33/Cd＝F*g33*t/A
to obtain an external force F0The expression of (a) is:
F0＝V0*A/(g33*t)
the acoustic energy E input to the acoustic energy collector under the model is obtained through experimental measurement0External force F output by Helmholtz amplifier0Functional relationship therebetween, determining the external force F0Acoustic energy E corresponding to time0The value of (d); will E0Set as reference value of control module according to E0And the measured noise energy E1The opening and closing quantity of the holes on the acoustic energy collector and the corresponding switching of the isolating switch are determined by the size relationship of the holes.
Further, when the noise measuring device bound on the control module displays that the energy value of the noise is larger than E0When the noise energy collector is used, the control module closes the holes on the broadband sound energy collector in a proper amount so as to ensure that the collected noise energy is at E0Within +/-1%, thereby ensuring the external force F0And an output voltage U0The stability of (2).
Further, when the noise measuring device bound on the control module displays that the energy value of the noise is larger than E0When the hole is opened and closed, the control module commands the isolating switch to be guided to one side of the direct input equipment so as to meet the requirement of direct power supply of constant-voltage current; the isolating switch is connected with the energy converter and the load circuit, and the isolating switch is connected with the energy converter and the storage battery circuit through switching of the control module.
Furthermore, when the noise measuring device bound on the control module displays that the energy value of the noise is less than or equal to E0When the noise energy collector is used, the control module opens all holes on the broadband sound energy collector to collect noise energy to the maximum extent so as to ensure that the external force F is applied0And an output voltage U0Maximization within a range; meanwhile, the control module commands the isolating switch to be guided to one side of the input rectifier.
Further, in step three, the noise collected by the broadband sound collector with the closed part of the holes is immediately amplified by the helmholtz resonator coupled with the broadband sound collector, so that the sound pressure is increased.
Furthermore, in the fourth step, the noise after sound amplification is input into the piezoelectric ceramic transducer, and the acting force of the sound wave makes the pressure variable material generate strain, so as to generate a polarization electric field and complete the acoustoelectric conversion.
Further, in the sixth step, the current generated by the sound-electricity conversion is converted into direct current through the rectifying device, the output direct current is input into the storage battery, the battery charging is completed, and the storage battery is used as a standby power supply.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the noise generated in the ship engine room is utilized to realize power generation, and waste is changed into valuable.
2. The noise generated in the engine room of the ship is utilized to realize the sound-electricity conversion, so that the problem of noise pollution is well solved, and the marine ecological environment is improved.
3. The broadband sound energy collector based on the double-defect acoustic metamaterial can collect noise in a cabin of a ship more efficiently, and the efficiency of sound-electricity conversion is greatly improved.
4. Aiming at the difference of the noise in the engine room of the large-scale ship, the control module is used for processing the high noise condition and the low noise condition in real time, and the two modes of constant voltage power supply and low voltage power storage are respectively adopted, so that the flexibility of the power system is improved.
5. Constant voltage current directly links equipment use and low voltage current access battery as reserve, compares in all insert the battery with the electric current of arbitrary size, has reduced the loss of battery charging power consumption, has improved the availability factor of electric energy.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a tree diagram of the main noise sources in the cabin of a ship according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a listing of noise levels for a typical plant on a ship.
Fig. 3 is a diagram showing a structure of a helmholtz resonator typical of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a piezoelectric ultrasonic transducer according to the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a block diagram of a system for constant voltage power supply and low voltage power storage using noise according to the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of an operation process of an acoustoelectric conversion system in a ship cabin.
FIG. 7 is a flow chart of the operation of the control module of the present invention.
In the figure, 1 is a pre-tightening nut, 2 is a pre-tightening bolt, 3 is piezoelectric ceramic, 4 is a rear cover plate, and 5 is a front cover plate.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further explained in detail by combining the drawings in the specification.
The sound-electricity conversion method is suitable for the broadband sound energy collector based on the porous double-defect acoustic metamaterial, and realizes a constant-voltage power supply and low-voltage power storage system by using the noise of a large ship. Referring to the main noise in the marine engine room of fig. 1 and the noise level table of fig. 2, it can be seen that there are many kinds of noise in the marine engine room with high noise and decibel level.
Based on the above, the embodiment of the invention provides a method for realizing noise constant-voltage power supply and low-voltage power storage in a ship engine room by using a porous broadband acoustic energy collector based on a double-defect acoustic metamaterial, which comprises the following steps:
firstly, a sound insulation barrier made of sound insulation materials is additionally arranged on the inner wall of a ship cabin, so that the loss of sound energy is reduced; a plurality of broadband acoustic energy collectors based on the double-defect acoustic metamaterial are arranged in a ship engine room, each broadband acoustic energy collector based on the double-defect acoustic metamaterial is provided with a Helmholtz resonator, and the coupled porous broadband acoustic energy collector based on the double-defect acoustic metamaterial and the Helmholtz resonator are connected to a piezoelectric ceramic transducer. 100 sound collecting holes are manufactured on a broadband sound energy collector based on the double-defect acoustic metamaterial, and the collection of energy can be regulated within a range of +/-1%.
In the embodiment of the invention, piezoelectric ceramics are used as the energy conversion element, as shown in fig. 4, the piezoelectric ceramics 3 are arranged between the rear cover plate 4 and the front cover plate 5 through the pre-tightening nut 1 and the pre-tightening bolt 2, and the conversion from sound energy to electric energy is realized through the piezoelectric effect; the control module is used for controlling the trends of the constant-voltage current and the low-voltage alternating current; the noise in the ship engine room is selectively collected by using a porous broadband sound energy collector based on the double-defect acoustic metamaterial, then the sound energy is amplified, transduced and selectively distributed, and the purpose of power supply and power storage of sound-electricity conversion is realized by using the noise in the ship engine room.
Determining the voltage magnitude of the constant voltage current required to be input into the equipment and setting the voltage magnitude as U0(ii) a Calculating the voltage U generated by the piezoelectric material according to a formula0Subjected to an external force F0The numerical value of (A):
Q＝Cd*V＝F*d33
in the above formula, Q represents a charge, CdRepresenting capacitance, V representing voltage, F representing external force, d33Representing the piezoelectric constant.
The output voltage V can be determined by the piezoelectric constant g of the piezoelectric material element33The thickness t and the sectional area A are expressed by the following relation:
V＝F*d33/Cd＝F*g33*t/A
can obtain an external force F0The expression of (a) is:
F0＝V0*A/(g33*t)
the acoustic energy E input to the acoustic energy collector under the model is obtained through experimental measurement0External force F output by Helmholtz amplifier0Functional relationship therebetween, determining the external force F0Acoustic energy E corresponding to time0The numerical value of (c). Will E0Set as reference value of control module according to E0And the noise energy E measured in the ship cabin1The opening and closing quantity of the holes on the acoustic energy collector and the corresponding switching of the isolating switch are determined by the size relationship of the holes.
The equipment in the cabin of the ship runs to generate noise, and a plurality of porous broadband sound energy collectors based on the double-defect acoustic metamaterial can immediately and efficiently collect the noise.
When the noise measuring device bound on the control module displays that the energy value of the noise in the ship engine room is more than E0When the noise collector is used, the control module controls the holes on the noise collector to be closed properly so as to ensure that the collected noise energy is at E0Within +/-1%, thereby ensuring the external force F0And an output voltage U0The stability of (2). At the same time, the control module commands the bayThe switch is directed to one side of the direct input device to meet the requirement of direct power supply of constant voltage current.
The noise collected by the sound collector with a proper amount of closed holes is immediately amplified by a resonator coupled with the sound energy collector, so that the sound pressure is improved; the noise after the sound pressure is improved is input into the piezoelectric ceramic transducer, the acting force of the sound wave enables the pressure variable material to generate strain, a polarization electric field is generated, and the sound-electricity conversion is completed. At the moment, the constant voltage current output by the energy converter under the condition of large noise is directly connected into the equipment network in parallel to supply power.
When the noise measuring device bound on the control module displays that the energy value of the noise in the ship engine room is less than or equal to E0When the noise collector is used, the control module can control all holes on the noise collector to be opened, and can collect noise energy to the maximum extent so as to ensure that external force F can be applied0And an output voltage U0Maximization within the range. Meanwhile, the control module commands the isolating switch to be guided to one side of the input rectifier. The noise collected by the sound collector with the holes completely opened can be immediately amplified by the resonator coupled with the sound energy collector, so that the sound pressure is improved; the noise after the sound pressure is improved is input into the piezoelectric ceramic transducer, the acting force of the sound wave enables the pressure variable material to generate strain, a polarization electric field is generated, and the sound-electricity conversion is completed.
At the moment, under the condition of low noise, low-voltage alternating current generated by sound-electricity conversion can not be directly stored in the storage battery, and the alternating current is converted into direct current through the rectifying device. The direct current output by the rectifying device is input into the storage battery to finish the charging of the battery. And (4) taking the storage battery as a standby power supply of the ship power system to complete the subsequent optimal configuration of the ship power system.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment, but equivalent modifications or changes made by those skilled in the art according to the present disclosure should be included in the scope of the present invention as set forth in the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A method for realizing noise selective power generation by utilizing a porous sound energy collector is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: installing a broadband sound energy collector, a Helmholtz resonator, a piezoelectric ceramic transducer and a matched control device with a noise measuring device based on the double-defect acoustic metamaterial; the broadband sound energy collector is provided with sound collecting holes, and the holes of the sound energy collector are opened and closed in real time by using a control module according to the sound energy in the environment and are correspondingly switched by using an isolating switch;
step two: collecting noise by using a porous broadband sound energy collector based on the double-defect acoustic metamaterial;
step three: amplifying the collected sound by using a Helmholtz resonator;
step four: the piezoelectric ceramic transducer is used for converting sound energy into electric energy;
step five: the constant voltage current generated by the transducer under the condition of high noise is directly input into equipment for power supply;
step six: the low-voltage alternating current electric energy generated by the energy converter under the condition of low noise is connected into the storage battery through rectification to charge the battery.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the acoustic energy harvester comprises a plurality of acoustic energy collectors, and wherein the acoustic energy collectors comprise: in the first step, a sound insulation barrier made of sound insulation materials is additionally arranged, so that the loss of sound energy is reduced.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the acoustic energy harvester comprises a plurality of acoustic energy collectors, and wherein the acoustic energy collectors comprise: in the first step, a plurality of broadband sound energy collectors based on the double-defect acoustic metamaterial are installed, each broadband sound energy collector based on the double-defect acoustic metamaterial is provided with a Helmholtz resonator, a plurality of sound collecting holes are formed in the broadband sound energy collector based on the double-defect acoustic metamaterial, and the fact that the collection of energy can be +/-10 degrees0Regulation and control within the range of (1); then coupling the broadband acoustic energy of the porous double-defect-based acoustic metamaterialThe collector and the Helmholtz resonator are connected into the piezoelectric ceramic transducer.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the sound energy collector comprises a plurality of holes, and the sound energy collector comprises: in the first step, the voltage of the constant voltage current needing to be input into the equipment is determined and set as U0(ii) a Calculating the voltage U generated by the piezoelectric material according to a formula0Subjected to an external force F0The numerical value of (A):
Q＝Cd*V＝F*d33
in the above formula, Q represents a charge, CdRepresenting capacitance, V representing voltage, F representing external force, d33Represents a piezoelectric constant;
the output voltage V is determined by the piezoelectric constant g of the piezoelectric material element33The thickness t and the sectional area A are expressed by the following relation:
V＝F*d33/Cd＝F*g33*t/A
to obtain an external force F0The expression of (a) is:
F0＝V0*A/(g33*t)
the acoustic energy E input to the acoustic energy collector under the model is obtained through experimental measurement0External force F output by Helmholtz amplifier0Functional relationship between; will E0Set as reference value of control module according to E0And the measured noise energy E1The opening and closing quantity of the holes on the acoustic energy collector and the corresponding switching of the isolating switch are determined by the size relationship of the holes.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the acoustic energy harvester is a porous acoustic energy harvester, and the method further comprises: when the noise measuring device bound on the control module displays that the energy value of the noise is larger than E0When the noise energy collector is used, the control module closes the holes on the broadband sound energy collector in a proper amount so as to ensure that the collected noise energy is at E0±100Within the range of (1), thereby ensuring the external force F0And an output voltage U0The stability of (2).
6. The method of claim 5 wherein the noise selective power generation is achieved by a porous acoustic energy harvester, wherein the acoustic energy harvester comprises: when the noise measuring device bound on the control module displays that the energy value of the noise is larger than E0When the hole is opened and closed, the control module commands the isolating switch to be guided to one side of the direct input equipment so as to meet the requirement of direct power supply of constant-voltage current; the isolating switch is connected with the energy converter and the load circuit, and the isolating switch is connected with the energy converter and the storage battery circuit through switching of the control module.
7. The method of claim 4, wherein the acoustic energy harvester is a porous acoustic energy harvester, and the method further comprises: when the noise measuring device bound on the control module displays that the energy value of the noise is less than or equal to E0When the noise energy collector is used, the control module opens all holes on the broadband sound energy collector to collect noise energy to the maximum extent so as to ensure that the external force F is applied0And an output voltage U0Maximization within a range; meanwhile, the control module commands the isolating switch to be guided to one side of the input rectifier.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the acoustic energy harvester comprises a plurality of acoustic energy collectors, and wherein the acoustic energy collectors comprise: in step three, the noise collected by the broadband sound collector with the closed part of the holes is immediately amplified by the helmholtz resonator coupled with the broadband sound collector, so that the sound pressure is improved.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein the acoustic energy harvester comprises a plurality of acoustic energy collectors, and wherein the acoustic energy collectors comprise: in the fourth step, the noise after sound amplification is input into the piezoelectric ceramic transducer, the acting force of the sound wave makes the pressure variable material generate strain, a polarization electric field is generated, and the sound-electricity conversion is completed.
10. The method of claim 1, wherein the acoustic energy harvester comprises a plurality of acoustic energy collectors, and wherein the acoustic energy collectors comprise: and step six, converting alternating current into direct current by the current generated by sound-electricity conversion through a rectifying device, inputting the output direct current into a storage battery to finish battery charging, and taking the storage battery as a standby power supply.
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