CN113193768B - Four-switch-tube series-type back-to-back three-level rectifier - Google Patents

Four-switch-tube series-type back-to-back three-level rectifier Download PDF

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CN113193768B
CN113193768B CN202110432527.1A CN202110432527A CN113193768B CN 113193768 B CN113193768 B CN 113193768B CN 202110432527 A CN202110432527 A CN 202110432527A CN 113193768 B CN113193768 B CN 113193768B
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inductor
voltage
capacitor
switch tube
diode
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CN113193768A (en
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马辉
曾雨涵
周沫函
邹旭
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China Three Gorges University CTGU
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/12—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/21—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/217—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M7/219—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only in a bridge configuration
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/14—Arrangements for reducing ripples from dc input or output
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/06—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes without control electrode or semiconductor devices without control electrode
    • H02M7/066—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes without control electrode or semiconductor devices without control electrode particular circuits having a special characteristic
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/12—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/21—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/217—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M7/25—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only arranged for operation in series, e.g. for multiplication of voltage

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  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Rectifiers (AREA)

Abstract

Four-switch tube series type back-to-back three-level rectifier and switch tube S1~S6Diode D1~D4Inductor L, capacitor C1、C2(ii) a One end of an alternating current power supply is connected with one end of an inductor L, and the other end of the inductor L is respectively connected with a switch tube S1Drain electrode, diode D1Anode, diode D2A cathode; the other end of the AC power supply is respectively connected with a switch tube S2Drain electrode, switching tube S4Source electrode, switch tube S5A drain electrode; switch tube S1Source electrode connecting switch tube S2A source electrode; diode D1The cathodes are respectively connected with a switch tube S3Drain electrode, capacitor C1One end; diode D2The anodes are respectively connected with a switch tube S6Source electrode, capacitor C2The other end; switch tube S4The drain electrodes are respectively connected with a switch tube S3Source, diode D3A cathode; switch tube S5The source electrodes are respectively connected with a diode D4Anode and switch tube S6A drain electrode; capacitor C1The other ends are respectively connected with a diode D3Anode, diode D4Cathode and capacitor C2One end of the tube. The rectifier can realize that the level number of the input side voltage is three levels, and can obviously reduce the capacitance value; reducing the voltage stress of the device.

Description

Four-switch-tube series-type back-to-back three-level rectifier
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of single-phase three-level active rectifiers, in particular to a four-switch-tube series-connection type back-to-back three-level rectifier.
Background
For a conventional Power Factor Correction (PFC) rectifier, it is impossible to maintain high efficiency in an operating environment of a power supply with a large voltage variation range such as a public power grid. The two-level rectification method often used by conventional Power Factor Correction (PFC) rectifiers can make the inductor very noisy to operate. A back-to-back type three-level rectifier with four switching tubes connected in series can flexibly adapt to a proper working mode to obtain the maximum efficiency due to the adoption of a three-level structure. Meanwhile, the four-switch-tube series-connected back-to-back three-level rectifier can reduce inductance noise under the condition of maintaining high power factor, and can keep stable voltage output to a load. Compared with the traditional two-level rectifier, the back-to-back three-level rectifier with the four switching tubes connected in series has smaller ripple level; less device voltage stress; better power factor and power density; reducing reactive power exchange with the utility grid. Meanwhile, the circuit adopts a construction mode that four switching tubes are connected with a rectifier bridge wall in series, so that the flexibility and the reliability of the rectifier circuit are greatly improved. However, the main loop of the circuit has a large volume, so that the use of a four-switch-tube series-type back-to-back three-level rectifier is limited in some occasions.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a four-switch-tube series-connection type back-to-back three-level rectifier, which reduces the voltage stress requirement on circuit elements compared with a traditional two-level rectifier circuit. The rectifier bridge is provided with a multi-switch tube structure, the switch tube is connected with a part of diodes in parallel, the borne voltage stress is reduced, and the cost of the switch tube is reduced; two polar capacitors are used in series, and the voltage of the capacitors is reduced; the four-switch tube series structure is adopted, so that the working flexibility of the rectifier is improved; the direct current bus is connected in series by two capacitors to work, and output current ripples are effectively reduced.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
three level rectifier of back-to-back formula of four switch tube tandem type includes:
switch tube S1、S2、S3、S4、S5、S6Diode D1、D2、D3、D4Inductor L, capacitor C1、C2；
One end of an alternating current power supply is connected with one end of an inductor L, and the other end of the inductor L is respectively connected with a switch tube S1Drain electrode, diode D1Anode, diode D2A cathode;
the other end of the AC power supply is respectively connected with a switch tube S2Drain electrode, switching tube S4Source electrode, switch tube S5A drain electrode;
switch tube S1Source electrode connecting switch tube S2A source electrode;
diode D1The cathodes are respectively connected with a switch tube S3Drain electrode, capacitor C1One end;
diode D2The anodes are respectively connected with a switch tube S6Source electrode, capacitor C2The other end of the tube
Switch tube S4The drain electrodes are respectively connected with a switch tube S3Source, diode D3A cathode;
switch tube S5The source electrodes are respectively connected with a diode D4Anode and switch tube S6A drain electrode;
capacitor C1The other ends are respectively connected with a diode D3Anode, diode D4Cathode and capacitor C2One end;
the two ends of the load R are respectively connected with a capacitor C1One terminal, capacitor C2And the other end.
The three-level rectifier comprises a diode D3、D4Switching tube S3-S6Four switch tube series type switch tube bridge arm and switch tube S4、S5Diodes D connected to the midpoint voltages of the clamping series capacitors, respectively3Diode D4。
The three-level rectifier comprises an energy storage filter inductor L, diodes D1 and D2 and a switching tube S1、S2To form a back-to-back type rectifying bridge arm structure.
The three-level rectifier comprises a capacitor C1、C2And the parallel voltage-stabilizing branches are formed by connecting in series.
The three-level rectifier includes: back-to-back MOS tube group S1、S2Constituting a first bidirectional switch, semiconductor device S4、S5Diode D3、D4A second bidirectional switch.
The invention discloses a four-switch-tube series-type back-to-back three-level rectifier, which has the following technical effects:
1) compared with the traditional rectifier bridge arm, the three-level rectifier clamps the capacitor voltage through the four-switch tube bridge arm structure, reduces the voltage stress born by each semiconductor device in the rectifier switch tube bridge arm structure, and simultaneously provides two power branches which are connected to the midpoint of the series capacitor through the diode.
2) The three-level rectifier provided by the invention has the advantages that the stability and the reliability of the circuit are improved because a new switching tube bridge arm structure is added while an extra power channel is provided.
3) Compared with the traditional two-level rectifier, the rectifier can realize three levels of input side voltage, and can obviously reduce capacitance; reducing voltage stress of the device; the cost of the capacitor and the semiconductor device is reduced.
4) The four-switch-tube series-type back-to-back three-level rectifier utilizes the energy storage characteristic of the inductor L, utilizes the characteristic that the current on the inductor L cannot suddenly change, and cooperates with the common clamping voltage of the diode and the capacitor to maintain the stable voltage of the bus and ensure that the voltage ripple output by the direct-current bus is small.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a main topology structure diagram of a four-switch-tube series type back-to-back three-level rectifier circuit of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of a working mode of a four-switch-tube series back-to-back three-level rectifier circuit according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a second diagram of the working mode of a four-switch-tube series back-to-back three-level rectifier circuit according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a three-diagram of the working mode of a four-switch-tube series back-to-back three-level rectifier circuit according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a diagram of four working modes of a four-switch-tube series back-to-back three-level rectifier circuit according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a five-diagram showing the working modes of a four-switch-tube series back-to-back three-level rectifier circuit according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a six-diagram of the working mode of a four-switch-tube series back-to-back three-level rectifier circuit according to the present invention;
FIG. 8 shows the circuit voltage U of the present inventionabA waveform diagram;
FIG. 9 shows the AC-side input voltage U of the circuit of the present inventionsAnd current iLA waveform diagram;
FIG. 10 shows the DC output voltage U of the circuit of the present inventiondcA waveform diagram;
FIG. 11(1) shows a switch tube S of the circuit of the present invention1A pulse distribution diagram.
FIG. 11(2) shows a switch tube S of the circuit of the present invention2A pulse distribution diagram.
FIG. 11(3) shows a switch tube S of the circuit of the present invention3A pulse distribution diagram.
FIG. 11(4) shows a switch tube S of the circuit of the present invention4A pulse distribution diagram.
FIG. 11(5) shows a switch tube S of the circuit of the present invention5A pulse distribution diagram.
FIG. 11(6) shows a switch tube S of the circuit of the present invention6A pulse distribution diagram.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1, the four-switch-transistor series back-to-back three-level rectifier includes:
switch tube S1、S2、S3、S4、S5、S6Diode D1、D2、D3、D4Inductor L, capacitor C1、C2；
One end of an alternating current power supply is connected with one end of an inductor L, and the other end of the inductor L is respectively connected with a switch tube S1Drain electrode, diode D1Anode, diode D2A cathode;
the other end of the AC power supply is respectively connected with a switch tube S2Drain electrode, switch tube S4Source electrode, switch tube S5A drain electrode;
switch tube S1Source electrode connecting switch tube S2A source electrode;
diode D1The cathodes are respectively connected with a switch tube S3Drain electrode, capacitor C1One end;
diode D2The anodes are respectively connected with a switch tube S6Source electrodeCapacitor C2The other end of the tube
Switch tube S4The drain electrodes are respectively connected with a switch tube S3Source, diode D3A cathode;
switch tube S5The source electrodes are respectively connected with a diode D4Anode and switch tube S6A drain electrode;
capacitor C1The other ends are respectively connected with a diode D3Anode, diode D4Cathode, capacitor C2One end;
the two ends of the load R are respectively connected with a capacitor C1One terminal, a capacitor C2And the other end.
The three-level rectifier comprises a diode D3、D4Switching tube S3-S6Four switch tube series type switch tube bridge arm and switch tube S4、S5Diodes D connected to the midpoint voltages of the clamping series capacitors, respectively3Diode D4。
The three-level rectifier comprises an energy storage filter inductor L, diodes D1 and D2 and a switching tube S1、S2To form a back-to-back type rectifying bridge arm structure.
The three-level rectifier includes: capacitor C1、C2And the parallel voltage-stabilizing branches are formed by connecting in series.
The three-level rectifier includes: back-to-back MOS (metal oxide semiconductor) tube group S1、S2Constituting a first bidirectional switch, semiconductor device S4、S5Diode D3、D4A second bidirectional switch.
The invention relates to a back-to-back three-level rectifier with four switching tubes connected in series, which is a single-phase three-level PWM (pulse-width modulation) rectification loop and comprises: 6 switching tubes: s1、S2、S3、S4、S5、S 64 diodes: d1、D2、D3、D4。
By MOS tubes S3-S6And a diode D3、D4The bridge arm comprises 4 MOS tubes and 2 MOS tubesA diode for clamping the voltage.
Back-to-back MOS tube group S1、S2Constituting a first bidirectional switch, semiconductor device S4、S5Diode D3、D4Forming a second bidirectional switch. Capacitor C1、C2Are connected in series to form a parallel voltage-stabilizing branch.
The inductor L is connected with one end of an alternating current power supply, and the branch is connected with the inductor S1、S2The formed first bidirectional switches are connected in parallel.
Voltage-stabilizing branch capacitor C1、C2After being connected in series, the DC bus is connected with the output end of the DC bus in parallel.
The rectifier circuit comprises a rectification loop which is improved from a traditional bridgeless single-phase two-level rectifier bridge and introduces two capacitors C connected in series1、C2And the voltage stabilizing structure forms a three-level circuit.
The rectifier circuit is provided with a power input end and two power output ends, wherein the power input end corresponds to the power output end of the power grid and corresponds to the two voltage stabilizing capacitors.
The power input end of the rectifier circuit introduces a back-to-back switch structure, and the voltage at the input end is subjected to boost conversion, so that the structure of a boost loop is simplified.
Because the operating characteristic of power frequency alternating grid voltage, for guaranteeing back to back no bridge three-level rectifier circuit output voltage's stability, need adjust different working mode in the electric wire netting voltage interval of difference:
1) mode 1: as shown in fig. 2, the switching tubes are all open. u. ofs>+Udc/2,uab＝UdcThe inductor L releases energy, iLGradually decreasing, capacitance C1、C2And (6) charging.
2) Mode 2: as shown in fig. 3, the switching tube S3And the other switching tubes are switched on and off. Since modality 2 has two operating states, it needs to be discussed case by case.
At us>+UdcAt/2, uab＝Udc/2, when the inductance L absorbs energy, iLGradually increased, capacitance C1Charging, C2And (4) discharging.
At us<+UdcAt/2, uab＝Udc/2, when the inductor L releases energy, iLGradually decreasing, capacitance C1Charging, C2And (4) discharging.
3) Modality 3: as shown in fig. 4, the switching tube S1、S2And the other switching tubes are switched on and off. 0<us<+Udc/2，uabInductance absorbs energy, i ═ 0LGradually increased, capacitance C1、C2And (4) discharging.
4) Modality 4: as shown in fig. 5, the switching tube S3And the other switching tubes are switched on and off. u. ofs<-Udc/2，uab＝UdcThe inductor L releases energy, iLGradually decreasing, capacitance C1、C2And (6) charging.
5) Mode 5: as shown in fig. 6, the switching tube S4And the other switching tubes are switched on and off. Since modality 2 has two operating states, it needs to be discussed case by case.
At us<-UdcAt/2, uab＝Udc/2, when the inductance L absorbs energy, iLGradually increase and capacitance C2Charging, C1And (4) discharging.
At 0>us>-UdcAt/2, uab＝Udc/2, when the inductor L releases energy, iLGradually decreasing, capacitance C2Charging, C1And (4) discharging.
6) Modality 6: as shown in fig. 7, the switching tube S1、S2And the other switching tubes are switched on and off. 0>us>-Udc/2，uabInductance absorbs energy, i ═ 0LGradually increased, capacitance C1、C2And (4) discharging.
TABLE 1 shows the switching tube S of the circuit of the present invention1～S6Six kinds of working mode table. Fig. 9, fig. 10, fig. 11(1) to fig. 11(6) are experimental waveforms of the present invention at a load of 80 Ω, respectively, and are graphs of waveforms related to the present invention at a steady state.
TABLE 1 switching tube S1～S6Six kinds of working mode meter
Figure BDA0003031932040000051
According to the invention, different ab-end output voltages U are obtained by changing the circuit structure through the combination of on-off of different switching tubesab. The output rated voltage is represented by +/-1, +/-1/2 and 0, and the ab terminal voltage is 0. FIG. 8 shows the circuit voltage U of the present inventionabWaveform diagram, switching the transistor S by the pair of circuits on the basis of Table 11～S3The invention is applied to the modulation of the on and off states of a direct current bus UdcWhen the rated output voltage is 400V, the voltage at the ab end can output rated voltage which is half of the rated voltage and 0 voltage grade, namely voltages of +/-400V, +/-200V and 0V. FIG. 9 shows the AC-side input voltage U of the circuit of the present inventionsAnd current iLWaveform diagram showing steady state AC input voltage U of the present inventionsThe waveform keeps changing in a sine rule; AC input current iLWaveform following AC input voltage UsThe waveform is stable and approaches to a sine wave, and the voltage and current phases of the circuit are basically the same through experimental waveform comparison, so that the power factor correction function can be realized.
FIG. 10 shows the DC output voltage U of the circuit of the present inventiondcA waveform diagram showing the voltage U on the DC bus side obtained by output when the rated voltage is 400V according to the present inventiondcThe steady state waveform of (a).
FIG. 11(1) is a diagram of switching tube pulse distribution of the circuit of the present invention. A switch tube S of the invention1Switching pulse voltage US1And the waveform diagram shows a switching pulse distribution signal, namely the driving voltage for switching on and off the switching tube. When the voltage of the switching tube reaches 12V, the switching tube is conducted corresponding to the signal 1 in the table 1. When the voltage of the switching tube reaches 0V, the switching tube is turned off corresponding to the 0 signal in the table 1.
FIG. 11(2) is a diagram of switching tube pulse distribution of the circuit of the present invention. For the switching tube S of the invention2Switching pulse voltage US2Waveform diagram showing switching pulse divisionAnd the matching signal is the driving voltage for switching on and off the switching tube. When the voltage of the switching tube reaches 12V, the switching tube is conducted corresponding to a signal 1 in the table 1. When the voltage of the switching tube reaches 0V, the switching tube is turned off corresponding to the 0 signal in the table 1.
FIG. 11(3) is a diagram of switching tube pulse distribution of the circuit of the present invention. For the switching tube S of the invention3Switching pulse voltage US3And the waveform diagram shows a switching pulse distribution signal, namely the driving voltage for switching on and off the switching tube. When the voltage of the switching tube reaches 12V, the switching tube is conducted corresponding to the signal 1 in the table 1. When the voltage of the switching tube reaches 0V, the switching tube is turned off corresponding to the 0 signal in the table 1.
FIG. 11(4) is a diagram of switching tube pulse distribution of the circuit of the present invention. For the switching tube S of the invention4Switching pulse voltage US4And the waveform diagram shows a switching pulse distribution signal, namely the driving voltage for switching on and off the switching tube. When the voltage of the switching tube reaches 12V, the switching tube is conducted corresponding to the signal 1 in the table 1. When the voltage of the switching tube reaches 0V, the switching tube is turned off corresponding to the 0 signal in the table 1.
FIG. 11(5) is a diagram of switching tube pulse distribution of the circuit of the present invention. For the switching tube S of the invention5Switched pulse voltage US5And the waveform diagram shows a switching pulse distribution signal, namely the driving voltage for switching on and off the switching tube. When the voltage of the switching tube reaches 12V, the switching tube is conducted corresponding to the signal 1 in the table 1. When the voltage of the switching tube reaches 0V, the switching tube is turned off corresponding to the 0 signal in the table 1.
FIG. 11(6) is a diagram of switching tube pulse distribution of the circuit of the present invention. For the switching tube S of the invention6Switching pulse voltage US6And the waveform diagram shows a switching pulse distribution signal, namely the driving voltage for switching on and off the switching tube. When the voltage of the switching tube reaches 12V, the switching tube is conducted corresponding to the signal 1 in the table 1. When the voltage of the switching tube reaches 0V, the switching tube is turned off corresponding to the 0 signal in the table 1.
The specific experimental parameters were as follows:
the effective value of the voltage of a power grid in an input side of the four-switching-tube series-connection type back-to-back three-level rectifier is 220V, the frequency is 50Hz, the output voltage of a direct current side is 400V, the switching frequency is 20kHz, the filter inductance L is 3mH, the resistance value of a load RL is 80 omega, and the output capacitance C1 is C2 is 4700 mu F.
The charging and discharging operation can be carried out on the direct current bus side capacitor by changing the state of the switching tube, and the direct current side voltage is stabilized in a relatively ideal state. The conversion of the individual operating modes follows the selection of the mode of the circuit and the operating time by means of PWM (pulse width modulation). For the proposed circuit, during the positive half-cycle of the grid, the circuit has a Udc、UdcThe operating states of three voltage levels,/2, and 0, respectively correspond to mode 1, mode 2, and mode 3, and a PWM modulation process of a positive half cycle in fig. 10 is analyzed:
(1) stage one: the network voltage is now 0<us<+UdcThe operating state of the circuit is switched back and forth between mode 2 and mode 3 according to the modulation waveform obtained by PWM comparison, which corresponds to the pulse signal in the range of 0V to 200V for the first time in a positive half period in fig. 10. The inductor L cannot change current suddenly, and the capacitor C1、C2Is sufficiently large. At this time, in mode 3, the inductor L is directly connected in series with the power grid voltage source, and the voltage of the inductor L is equal to the power grid voltage usThe inductor divides voltage and stores energy, and the power of the DC bus is controlled by the capacitor C1、C2Provided is a method. After switching from mode 2 to mode 3, due to the capacitance C1Has a voltage of Udc/2, the grid voltage usSmaller than the capacitance C1In order to prevent the current from being cut off by the diode and changing abruptly, the inductor L provides a forward voltage, and the energy stored in the inductor L is released in the mode 3.
(2) And a second stage: the network voltage u thens>+UdcAnd/2, the working state of the circuit is switched back and forth between the mode 2 and the mode 1 according to the modulation waveform obtained by PWM comparison, and the working state corresponds to the pulse signal in the range of 200V to 400V in one positive half cycle in FIG. 10. The inductor current cannot change suddenly, so that the capacitor C1、C2Is sufficiently large. At this time, the voltage due to the loop connection in mode 2 is clamped by the capacitor UdcAt/2, the inductor will divide the voltage and store a part of the energy. After switching from mode 2 to mode 1, the voltage on the DC bus side is clamped at UdcUpper and lower at the same time us<UdcThe inductor provides a forward voltage so that the current is not cut off by the diode and sudden change occurs, and the energy stored in the inductor is released in the mode 1 when the circuit is in the mode 2.
(3) And a third stage: the network voltage is now 0<us<+UdcThe operating state of the circuit is switched back and forth between mode 2 and mode 3 according to the modulation waveform obtained by PWM comparison, which corresponds to the pulse signal in the range of 0V to 200V for the second time in a positive half period in fig. 10. The inductor L cannot change current suddenly, so the capacitor C1、C2Is sufficiently large. At this time, in mode 3, the inductor L is directly connected in series with the power grid voltage source, and the voltage of the inductor L is equal to the power grid voltage usThe inductor divides voltage and stores energy, and the power of the DC bus is controlled by the capacitor C1、C2Provided is a method. After switching from mode 2 to mode 3, due to the capacitance C1Has a voltage of Udc/2, the grid voltage usSmaller than the capacitance C1In order to prevent the current from being cut off by the diode and changing abruptly, the inductor L provides a forward voltage, and the energy stored in the inductor L is released in the mode 3.
In the negative half-cycle of the grid, the circuit has-Udc、-UdcThe working states of the three voltage levels of/2 and 0 respectively correspond to a mode 4, a mode 5 and a mode 6. Similarly, the modulation strategy of the positive half cycle can be analogized, and the circuit mode switching of the negative half cycle can be controlled by PWM.

Claims (2)

1. Three level rectifier of back-to-back formula of four switch tube tandem type, its characterized in that includes:
switch tube S1、S2、S3、S4、S5、S6Diode D1、D2、D3、D4Inductor L, capacitor C1、C2；
One end of an alternating current power supply is connected with one end of an inductor L, and the other end of the inductor L is respectively connected with a switch tube S1Drain electrode, diode D1Anode, diode D2A cathode, the connection point of which constitutes an end point a;
the other end of the AC power supply is respectively connected with a switch tube S2Drain electrode, switching tube S4Source electrode, switch tube S5A drain electrode, the connection point of which constitutes an end point b;
switch tube S1Source electrode connecting switch tube S2A source electrode;
diode D1The cathodes are respectively connected with a switch tube S3Drain electrode, capacitor C1One end;
diode D2The anodes are respectively connected with a switch tube S6Source electrode, capacitor C2The other end of the tube
Switch tube S4The drain electrodes are respectively connected with a switch tube S3Source, diode D3A cathode;
switch tube S5The source electrodes are respectively connected with a diode D4Anode and switch tube S6A drain electrode;
capacitor C1The other ends are respectively connected with a diode D3Anode, diode D4Cathode and capacitor C2One end;
the two ends of the load R are respectively connected with a capacitor C1One terminal, capacitor C2The other end;
the three-level rectifier can adjust different working modes in different power grid voltage intervals:
1) mode 1: switch tube S1、S2、S3、S4Off, S5、S6Conducting; diode D1Working in the on state, the loop flows through the capacitor C1、C2At this time, the grid voltage us<Udc(ii) a Capacitor C1、C2Releasing energy to stabilize the DC bus voltage at UdcSince the current on the inductor L cannot suddenly change, a balanced voltage u is generated on the inductor Lab＝Udc(ii) a At this time, the inductor releases energy, the current on the inductor L is reduced, and the capacitor C1、C2Charging, wherein, UdcIs the voltage across the load R, uabIs the voltage between the terminals a and b;
2) mode 2: switch tube S1、S2、S3、S5、S6Off, S4Conducting; diode D1、D3Working in the on state, the loop flows through the capacitor C1(ii) a When the grid voltage us<+UdcAt/2, the current on the inductor L cannot change suddenly, and the capacitor C1Releasing energy to stabilize ab terminal voltage at UdcAt/2, a balanced voltage u is generated on the inductor Lab＝Udc2; at this time, the inductor releases energy, the current on the inductor L is reduced, and the capacitor C1Charging, capacitance C2Discharging; when the grid voltage us>+UdcAt/2, the capacitor C cannot change suddenly due to the current on the inductor L1Stabilize the voltage of ab terminal at UdcAt/2, a balanced voltage u is generated on the inductor Lab＝Udc2; at this time, the inductor absorbs energy, the current on the inductor L increases, and the capacitor C1Charging, capacitance C2Discharging;
3) modality 3: switch tube S3、S4、S5、S6Off, S1、S2Conducting; diodes in the circuit are all cut off, and a power channel does not exist between a power grid and a load; the network voltage is now 0<us<+Udc2; the current on the inductor L cannot suddenly change, so that the capacitor C1、C2Releasing energy to stabilize the DC bus voltage at UdcOn the inductor L, a balance voltage u is generatedab0; at this time, the inductor absorbs energy, the current on the inductor L increases, and the capacitor C1、C2Discharging;
4) modality 4: switch tube S1、S2、S5、S6Off, S3、S4Conducting; diode D2Working in the on state, the loop flows through the capacitor C1、C2At this time, the grid voltage us<-Udc2; the current on the inductor L can not change suddenly, and the capacitor C1、C2Releasing energy to stabilize the DC bus voltage at UdcOn the inductor L, a balanced voltage is generated to make-uab＝Udc(ii) a At this time, the inductor releases energy, the current on the inductor L is reduced, and the capacitor C1、C2Charging;
5) modality 5: switch tube S1、S2、S3、S4、S6Off, S5Conducting; diode D2、D4Working in the on state, the loop flows through the capacitor C2(ii) a When the grid voltage us>-UdcAt/2, the capacitor C cannot change suddenly due to the current on the inductor L2Releasing energy to stabilize the voltage of the direct current bus at the voltage of the ab end at UdcAt/2, a balanced voltage is generated on the inductor L to make-uab＝Udc2; at this time, the inductor releases energy, the current on the inductor L is reduced, and the capacitor C2Charging, capacitance C1Discharging; when the grid voltage us<-UdcAt/2, the capacitor C cannot change suddenly due to the current on the inductor L2Stabilize the voltage of ab terminal at UdcAt/2, a balanced voltage is generated at the inductor L to make-uab＝Udc2; at this time, the inductor absorbs energy, the current on the inductor L increases, and the capacitor C2Charging, capacitance C1Discharging;
6) modality 6: switch tube S3、S4、S5、S6Off, S1、S2Conducting; diodes in the circuit are all cut off, and a power channel does not exist between a power grid and a load; the network voltage is now 0<us<-Udc2; the current on the inductor L cannot suddenly change, so that the capacitor C1、C2Will release energy to stabilize the DC bus voltage at UdcOn the inductor L, a balance voltage u is generatedab0; at this time, the inductor absorbs energy, the current on the inductor L increases, and the capacitor C1、C2And (4) discharging.
2. The four-switch-tube series-connected back-to-back three-level rectifier of claim 1, wherein: the charging and discharging operation of the direct current bus side capacitor can be carried out by changing the state of the switching tube;
in the positive half-cycle of the grid, the circuit has a Udc、UdcThe working states of the voltage levels of/2 and 0 respectively correspond toThe mode 1, the mode 2 and the mode 3 are adopted;
in the negative half-cycle of the grid, the circuit has-Udc、-UdcThe working states of the three voltage levels of/2 and 0 respectively correspond to a mode 4, a mode 5 and a mode 6.
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