CN109104108B - Soft switch type single-stage high-frequency isolation rectifier with active clamp - Google Patents
Soft switch type single-stage high-frequency isolation rectifier with active clamp Download PDFInfo
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- CN109104108B CN109104108B CN201811093869.XA CN201811093869A CN109104108B CN 109104108 B CN109104108 B CN 109104108B CN 201811093869 A CN201811093869 A CN 201811093869A CN 109104108 B CN109104108 B CN 109104108B
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- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 230000002457 bidirectional effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000003071 parasitic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 24
- 230000010363 phase shift Effects 0.000 description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/12—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/21—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M7/217—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M7/219—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only in a bridge configuration
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/02—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from ac mains by converters
- H02J7/04—Regulation of charging current or voltage
- H02J7/06—Regulation of charging current or voltage using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/12—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/21—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M7/217—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M7/2173—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only in a biphase or polyphase circuit arrangement
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- H02J2007/10—
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
- Y02B70/10—Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Rectifiers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a soft switch type single-stage high-frequency isolation rectifier with active clamp, comprising: three AC side inductances, three AC side capacitances, three AC side capacitors, three bidirectional switches, a positive bus single-phase full bridge, a negative bus single-phase full bridge, two isolation transformers, a single-phase uncontrolled rectifying full bridge, a clamping circuit, a DC side filter inductance and a DC side filter capacitance. The invention can solve the problem that a two-stage structure is needed to be adopted when the three-phase rectifier converts the three-phase 380V alternating voltage into the low-voltage direct voltage in the prior art, and realizes electrical isolation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of AC/DC rectifiers, in particular to a soft switching type single-stage high-frequency isolation rectifier with active clamping.
Background
In the application fields of Electric Vehicle (EV) battery charging, data center dc power supply systems, etc., it is required to convert electric energy from ac to dc. Single-phase Power Factor Correction (PFC) rectifiers are commonly used in low power applications, for example less than 5kW, where a three-phase PFC rectifier must be used. Three-phase rectifiers can be divided into two main categories depending on whether they have a dc side inductance: current source type and voltage source type rectifiers; the high frequency isolation transformer may be further classified into an isolation type and a non-isolation type according to whether or not the high frequency isolation transformer exists.
The non-isolated three-phase voltage source rectifier formed by the three-phase bridge circuit has a boosting characteristic on the direct current side during rectification operation, the direct current voltage of the three-phase 380V alternating current voltage after the conversion is generally 600-800V, and the three-phase 380V alternating current voltage can be connected to a low-voltage direct current bus after the voltage is reduced by an isolating transformer or a DC/DC converter added at the later stage. In addition, the rectification mode of the voltage source type AC/DC converter is a boost (boost) type, the starting impact problem exists, a starting current limiting measure is needed to be added in a power transmission path, the efficiency and the power density of the converter are affected, meanwhile, when a boost circuit works in no-load or light-load, the closed-loop control of the system is difficult, and the stability and the quick dynamic response characteristic of the control are difficult to be considered.
The isolated rectifier usually needs a two-stage structure, one is to add a power frequency isolating transformer at the front stage, which can lead to the large volume, heavy weight and high cost of the whole transformer; the other is to add a high-frequency isolation bidirectional DC/DC converter at the later stage, but the two-stage power conversion has great negative effect on the system efficiency, and the existing high-frequency isolation bidirectional DC/DC converter has poor characteristics under the condition of wide voltage variation range, so that the converter is difficult to adapt to the application requirement of wide input and output voltage variation.
In addition, the existence of leakage inductance of the high-frequency transformer in the single-stage high-frequency isolation rectifier can generate resonance phenomenon with parasitic capacitance of the secondary high-frequency rectifier bridge, so that the voltage stress of the secondary rectifier is twice the average value of secondary output voltage, and the design value of the output voltage of the rectifier is less than half of the voltage stress of the rectifier diode. Therefore, a single stage high frequency isolated rectifier cannot achieve a wide range of voltage outputs.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a soft-switching single-stage high-frequency isolation rectifier with active clamping, which can solve the problem that a two-stage structure is needed to be adopted when a three-phase rectifier converts three-phase 380V alternating current voltage into low-voltage direct current voltage in the prior art, and realize electrical isolation.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a soft-switching single-stage high-frequency isolation rectifier with active clamp, comprising: three AC side inductors, three AC side capacitors, three bidirectional switches, a positive bus single-phase full bridge, a negative bus single-phase full bridge, two isolation transformers, a single-phase uncontrolled rectifier full bridge, a clamping circuit, a DC side filter inductor and a DC side filter capacitor; the three alternating current side inductors are respectively connected to three-phase alternating current power input ends, the other ends of the three alternating current side inductors are respectively connected to three alternating current side capacitors, three bridge arm midpoints of the three-phase uncontrolled rectifying full bridge are respectively connected to three bidirectional switches, the other ends of the three bidirectional switches are simultaneously connected to the same node Y, positive direct current bus nodes p and nodes Y of the three-phase full bridge are respectively connected to a common input side of the positive bus single-phase full bridge, meanwhile nodes Y and negative direct current bus nodes n of the three-phase full bridge are respectively connected to a common input side of the negative bus single-phase full bridge, midpoint outputs of two groups of bridge arms of the positive bus single-phase full bridge are connected to a primary side of an isolating transformer T1, midpoint outputs of two groups of bridge arms of the negative bus single-phase full bridge are connected to a primary side of the isolating transformer T2 in a forward direction according to the same name end, an output end of the transformer after being connected to two groups of bridge arms of the single-phase full bridge in series, one common output port of the single-phase rectifying full bridge is connected to a clamp circuit branch and a direct current side filter inductor, the other ends of the single-phase full bridge are connected to a direct current side filter port of the single-phase full bridge, and the other end of the single-phase rectifier full bridge is connected to a direct current port of the single-phase filter capacitor, and the other end of the single-phase rectifier full bridge is connected to a direct current port of a direct current bridge, and the direct current port of a bridge is connected to a direct current port.
Preferably, the three-phase uncontrolled rectifying full bridge is composed of six diodes, the anode of the first diode D a+ is connected with the cathode of the second diode D a- to be used as a bridge arm, the anode of the third diode D b+ is connected with the cathode of the fourth diode D b- to be used as a bridge arm, the anode of the fifth diode D c+ is connected with the cathode of the sixth diode D c- to be used as a bridge arm, the cathodes of the first diode D a+, the third diode D b+ and the fifth diode D c+ are connected to be used as positive direct current bus nodes p of the three-phase full bridge, and the anodes of the second diode D a-, the fourth diode D b- and the sixth diode D c- are connected to be used as negative direct current bus nodes n of the three-phase uncontrolled rectifying full bridge.
Preferably, the three bidirectional switches are composed of six switching tubes, the emitter of the third switching tube S ya+ is connected with the emitter of the second switching tube S ya- to form a bidirectional switch, the emitter of the third switching tube S yb+ is connected with the emitter of the fourth switching tube S yb- to form a bidirectional switch, and the emitter of the fifth switching tube S yc+ is connected with the emitter of the sixth switching tube S yc- to form a bidirectional switch.
Preferably, the positive bus single-phase full bridge is composed of four switching tubes, the emitter of the seventh switching tube S p1 is connected with the collector of the eighth switching tube S p2 to serve as a bridge arm, the emitter of the ninth switching tube S p3 is connected with the collector of the tenth switching tube S p4 to serve as a bridge arm, the collector of the seventh switching tube S p1 is connected with the collector of the ninth switching tube S p3 to serve as a positive direct current node of the positive bus single-phase full bridge to be connected with a positive direct current bus node p of the three-phase full bridge, and the emitter of the eighth switching tube S p2 is connected with the emitter of the tenth switching tube S p4 to serve as a negative direct current node of the positive bus single-phase full bridge to be connected with a common node Y of the two-way switch.
Preferably, the negative bus single-phase full bridge is composed of four switching tubes, an emitter of the eleventh switching tube S n1 is connected with a collector of the twelfth switching tube S n2 to be used as a bridge arm, an emitter of the thirteenth switching tube S n3 is connected with a collector of the fourteenth switching tube S n4 to be used as a bridge arm, a collector of the eleventh switching tube S n1 is connected with a collector of the thirteenth switching tube S n3 to be used as a positive direct current node of the negative bus single-phase full bridge to be connected with a common node Y of the bidirectional switch, and an emitter of the twelfth switching tube S n2 is connected with an emitter of the fourteenth switching tube S n4 to be used as a negative direct current node of the negative bus single-phase full bridge to be connected with a negative direct current bus node n of the three-phase full bridge.
Preferably, the single-phase rectification full bridge is composed of four diodes, the anode of the seventh diode D d1 is connected with the cathode of the eighth diode D d2 to be used as a bridge arm, the anode of the ninth diode D d3 is connected with the cathode of the twelfth diode D d4 to be used as a bridge arm, the cathode of the seventh diode D d1 is connected with the cathode of the ninth diode D d3 to be used as a positive direct current side node of the single-phase rectification full bridge, and the anode of the eighth diode D d2 is connected with the anode of the twelfth diode D d4 to be used as a negative direct current side node of the single-phase rectification full bridge.
Preferably, the clamping circuit is composed of a switching tube and a capacitor, the emitter of the fifteenth switching tube S au is used as a positive node of the clamping circuit, the collector of the fifteenth switching tube S au is connected with the absorption capacitor C au, and the other end of the absorption capacitor is used as a negative node of the clamping circuit; or the collector of the fifteenth switching tube S au is used as a negative node of the clamping circuit, the emitter of the fifteenth switching tube S au is connected with the absorption capacitor C au, and the other end of the absorption capacitor is used as a positive node of the clamping circuit.
Preferably, the switching tube is composed of a unidirectional switching tube and a diode which are connected in parallel, wherein the emitter of the unidirectional switching tube is connected with the anode of the diode, and the collector of the unidirectional switching tube is connected with the cathode of the diode.
Preferably, the diode is an anti-parallel diode of an IGBT or a parasitic diode of a MOSFET.
Preferably, the control signal of the bidirectional switch is judged by the angle provided by the phase-locked loop, and the voltage of one power grid period is divided into six sectors for judgment control.
In the soft switching type single-stage high-frequency isolation rectifier with active clamp, a positive bus full bridge and a negative bus full bridge adopt a phase-shifting soft switching working mode, control of two groups of bridge arms of the positive bus full bridge and the negative bus full bridge adopts phase-shifting control, driving signals of upper and lower pipes of each group of bridge arms are complementary, a control signal of one group of bridge arms lags behind the other group of bridge arms by a certain phase (a bridge arm with a leading control signal is called a leading bridge arm, a bridge arm with a lagging control signal is called a lagging bridge arm), the positive bus full bridge and the lagging bridge arm of the negative bus full bridge are logically synchronous, and phase-shifting control is carried out between driving of the lagging bridge arms by the leading bridge arm, namely phase-shifting pulses of the two groups of phase-shifting full bridges are aligned to the left.
A soft-switching single-stage high-frequency isolation rectifier with active clamp has its control signal logic of clamp switch turned on when two groups of phase-shifting full bridges start to transfer power at the same time and turned off when two groups of phase-shifting full bridges stop to transfer power together.
The compensation mode of the loss of the duty ratio caused by the leakage inductance of the high-frequency transformer in the soft-switching single-stage high-frequency isolation rectifier with the active clamp is to adaptively compensate the control phase shift angle of the positive and negative bus full bridge generated by the controller according to the current information i dc on the current direct-current inductor.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: the invention adopts a current source type AC/DC structure, realizes a buck type rectification mode, avoids the starting impact problem of the traditional boost rectification mode, solves the problem that a two-stage structure is needed when a three-phase AC/DC rectifier converts three-phase 380V alternating voltage into low-voltage direct voltage in the prior art, and realizes electrical isolation; the design of the active clamping circuit absorbs the leakage inductance of the high-frequency transformer and the resonance voltage generated by the high-frequency rectifying diode, so that the direct-current voltage output range of the rectifier is widened; the adopted phase-shifting full bridge structure in the topology can realize the soft switching of the high-frequency switching power device, thereby realizing higher efficiency; meanwhile, the phase shift angle self-adaptive compensation strategy solves the problem of input alternating current distortion caused by loss of the duty ratio of phase shift full-bridge control; in addition, the invention has the characteristics of good network side current sine degree, high network side power factor and high efficiency of electric energy transmission.
Drawings
Fig.1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a control block diagram in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the sector division of the ac side voltage according to the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the voltage and current waveforms of the critical branches and nodes of the present invention after passing through the sector selection structure.
Fig. 5 (a) is a schematic diagram of a state 1 in which the rectifier of the present invention delivers power.
Fig. 5 (b) is a schematic diagram of state 2 of the rectifier of the present invention delivering power.
Fig. 5 (c) is a schematic diagram of the state 3 of the rectifier of the present invention delivering power.
Fig. 5 (d) is a schematic diagram of the state 4 of the rectifier of the present invention delivering power.
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing the relationship among the phase shift angle of the phase-shifted full bridge, the input current and the power state of the converter in the rectifier of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of driving logic of the rectifier phase-shifting full-bridge implementation soft switching process according to the present invention.
Fig. 8 (a) is an equivalent simplified circuit schematic diagram of the rectifier phase-shifted full-bridge implementation soft switching process of the present invention.
Fig. 8 (b) is a schematic diagram of mode 0 of the rectifier phase-shifting full-bridge implementation soft switching process according to the present invention.
Fig. 8 (c) is a schematic diagram of mode 1 of the rectifier phase-shifting full bridge implementation soft switching process according to the present invention.
Fig. 8 (d) is a schematic diagram of mode 2 of the rectifier phase-shifting full-bridge implementation soft switching process according to the present invention.
Fig. 8 (e) is a schematic diagram of mode 3 of the rectifier phase-shifting full-bridge implementation soft switching process according to the present invention.
Fig. 8 (f) is a schematic diagram of mode 4 of the rectifier phase-shifting full bridge implementation soft switching process according to the present invention.
Fig. 8 (g) is a schematic diagram of mode 5 of the rectifier phase-shifting full bridge implementation soft switching process of the present invention.
Fig. 8 (h) is a schematic diagram of a mode 6 of the rectifier phase-shifting full bridge implementation soft switching process according to the present invention.
Fig. 8 (i) is a schematic diagram of mode 7 of the rectifier phase-shifting full-bridge implementation soft switching process according to the present invention.
Fig. 8 (j) is a schematic diagram of a mode 8 of the rectifier phase-shifting full-bridge implementation soft switching process according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1, a soft-switching single-stage high frequency isolated rectifier with active clamp, comprising: three AC side inductors, three AC side capacitors, three bidirectional switches, a positive bus single-phase full bridge, a negative bus single-phase full bridge, two isolation transformers, a single-phase uncontrolled rectifier full bridge, a clamping circuit, a DC side filter inductor and a DC side filter capacitor; the three alternating current side inductors are respectively connected to three-phase alternating current power input ends, the other ends of the three alternating current side inductors are respectively connected to three alternating current side capacitors, three bridge arm midpoints of the three-phase uncontrolled rectifying full bridge are respectively connected to three bidirectional switches, the other ends of the three bidirectional switches are simultaneously connected to the same node Y, positive direct current bus nodes p and nodes Y of the three-phase full bridge are respectively connected to a common input side of the positive bus single-phase full bridge, meanwhile nodes Y and negative direct current bus nodes n of the three-phase full bridge are respectively connected to a common input side of the negative bus single-phase full bridge, midpoint outputs of two groups of bridge arms of the positive bus single-phase full bridge are connected to a primary side of an isolating transformer T1, midpoint outputs of two groups of bridge arms of the negative bus single-phase full bridge are connected to a primary side of the isolating transformer T2 in a forward direction according to the same name end, an output end of the transformer after being connected to two groups of bridge arms of the single-phase full bridge in series, one common output port of the single-phase rectifying full bridge is connected to a clamp circuit branch and a direct current side filter inductor, the other ends of the single-phase full bridge are connected to a direct current side filter port of the single-phase full bridge, and the other end of the single-phase rectifier full bridge is connected to a direct current port of the single-phase filter capacitor, and the other end of the single-phase rectifier full bridge is connected to a direct current port of a direct current bridge, and the direct current port of a bridge is connected to a direct current port.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a circuit basic structure of a soft switching type single-stage high-frequency isolation rectifier, which consists of three ac side inductors, three ac side capacitors, a three-phase uncontrolled rectifying full bridge, three bidirectional switches, a positive bus single-phase full bridge, a negative bus single-phase full bridge, two isolation transformers, a single-phase rectifying full bridge, a clamping circuit, a dc side filter inductor and a dc side filter capacitor. Da+、Da-、Db+、Db-、Dc+、Dc-、Dd1、Dd2、Dd3、Dd4 in fig. 1 is a diode ,Sya+、Sya-、Syb+、Syb-、Syc+、Syc-、Sp1、Sp2、Sp3、Sp4、Sn1、Sn2、Sn3、Sn4、 and is a switching tube. Each switching tube is formed by connecting a unidirectional switching tube with a diode in parallel, wherein the emitter of the unidirectional switching tube is connected with the anode of the diode, and the collector of the unidirectional switching tube is connected with the cathode of the diode during parallel connection. The parallel diode may be an inverse diode of the IGBT or a parasitic diode of the MOSFET. When the switching frequency is low, a common rectifier diode is adopted; when the switching frequency is high, a fast recovery diode or schottky diode is used.
The three-phase uncontrolled rectifying full bridge comprises the following components: the anodes of the first diode D a+ and the second diode D a- are connected to form a bridge arm, the anode of the third diode D b+ is connected to the cathode of the fourth diode D b- to form a bridge arm, the anode of the fifth diode D c+ is connected to the cathode of the sixth diode D c- to form a bridge arm, the cathodes of the first diode D a+, the third diode D b+ and the fifth diode D c+ are connected to form a positive direct current bus node p of the three-phase full bridge, and the anodes of the second diode D a-, the fourth diode D b- and the sixth diode D c- are connected to form a negative direct current bus node n of the three-phase uncontrolled rectifying full bridge.
The three bidirectional switches are composed of: the emitter of the first switching tube S ya+ is connected with the emitter of the second switching tube S ya- to form a bidirectional switch, the emitter of the third switching tube S yb+ is connected with the emitter of the fourth switching tube S yb- to form a bidirectional switch, and the emitter of the fifth switching tube S yc+ is connected with the emitter of the sixth switching tube S yc- to form a bidirectional switch.
One end of each of the three alternating-current side inductors is connected to the input of the three-phase alternating-current power supply, the other end of each of the three alternating-current side inductors is connected to three alternating-current side capacitors, the midpoints of three bridge arms of the three-phase full bridge and three bidirectional switches, the other ends of the three bidirectional switches are simultaneously connected to the same node Y, and the ends of the three alternating-current side capacitors, which are not connected with the inductors, are commonly connected to the same node.
The positive bus single-phase full bridge comprises the following components: the emitter of the seventh switching tube S p1 is connected with the collector of the eighth switching tube S p2 to serve as a bridge arm, and the midpoint of the bridge arm is connected to the same-name end of the transformer T1. The emitter of the ninth switching tube S p3 is connected with the collector of the tenth switching tube S p4 to serve as a bridge arm, and the midpoint of the bridge arm is connected to the synonym end of the transformer T1. The collector of the seventh switching tube S p1 is connected with the collector of the ninth switching tube S p3 to serve as a positive direct current node of the positive bus single-phase full bridge and connected with a positive direct current bus node p of the three-phase full bridge. The emitter of the eighth switching tube S p2 is connected with the emitter of the tenth switching tube S p4 as a negative direct current node of the positive bus single-phase full bridge, and is connected with the common node Y of the bidirectional switch.
The negative bus single-phase full bridge comprises the following components: the emitter of the eleventh switching tube S n1 is connected with the collector of the twelfth switching tube S n2 to serve as a bridge arm, and the midpoint of the bridge arm is connected to the same-name end of the transformer T2. The emitter of the thirteenth switching tube S n3 is connected with the collector of the fourteenth switching tube S n4 to serve as a bridge arm, and the midpoint of the bridge arm is connected to the synonym end of the transformer T2. The collector of the eleventh switching tube S n1 is connected with the collector of the thirteenth switching tube S n3 as a positive direct current node of the negative bus single-phase full bridge and is connected with the common node Y of the bidirectional switch. The emitter of the twelfth switching tube S n2 is connected with the emitter of the fourteenth switching tube S n4 to serve as a negative direct current node of the negative bus single-phase full bridge, and the negative direct current node n of the three-phase full bridge is connected.
The different name ends of the two isolation transformers T1 are connected with the same name end of the T2 to form forward series connection, and two output ports are formed after the forward series connection.
The single-phase rectification full bridge comprises the following components: the anode of the seventh diode D d1 is connected to the cathode of the eighth diode D d2 as a bridge arm, and the midpoint of the bridge arm is connected to the same-name end of the isolation transformer T1. The anode of the ninth diode D d3 is connected to the cathode of the twelfth diode D d4 as a bridge arm, and the midpoint of the bridge arm is connected to the synonym terminal of the isolation transformer T2. The cathode of the seventh diode D d1 is connected to the cathode of the ninth diode D d3 as a positive dc side node of the single-phase rectifying full bridge, and the anode of the eighth diode D d2 is connected to the anode of the twelfth diode D d4 as a negative dc side node of the single-phase rectifying full bridge.
The clamping circuit comprises the following components: the emitter of the fifteenth switching tube S au is used as a positive node of the clamping circuit, the collector of the fifteenth switching tube S au is connected with the absorption capacitor C au, and the other end of the absorption capacitor is used as a negative node of the clamping circuit.
The DC filtering branch circuit comprises the following components: the positive direct current side node of the single-phase rectification full bridge is connected with the direct current filter inductor and the positive node of the clamping circuit, and the other end of the direct current filter inductor is connected with the direct current filter capacitor to serve as the output positive electrode of the rectifier; the negative direct current side node of the single-phase rectification full bridge is connected with the other end of the direct current filter capacitor and the negative node of the clamping circuit and is used as the output negative electrode of the rectifier.
The working principle of the converter will be described below with reference to the remaining figures by taking the soft-switching single-stage high-frequency isolated rectifier of fig. 1 as an example. Prior to analysis, there are the following assumptions: 1) All switching tubes and diodes are ideal devices; 2) All the inductors, capacitors and transformers are ideal elements; 3) Three-phase symmetrical ideal power grid of the power grid; 4) The direct current side filter inductance is large enough and can be regarded as an ideal current source, i dc is direct current side current; 5) The dc side filter capacitor is large enough to be considered as an ideal voltage source, and U dc is the dc side voltage. During rectification, the alternating current side of the converter is an input side, is connected with a three-phase alternating current voltage source, and the direct current is an output side and is connected with a load. During inversion, the direct current side of the converter is an input side, is connected with a direct current voltage source, and the alternating current side is an output side, and is connected with a load or a three-phase alternating current voltage source. The control block diagram is shown in fig. 2, and is divided into low frequency sector selection control and high frequency full-bridge phase shift control capable of realizing soft switching, the generation of phase shift angle required by high frequency phase shift control adopts a direct current voltage outer ring and a direct current inner ring double regulator structure to carry out phase shift control on two groups of phase shift full bridges. The direct current outer ring has the function of maintaining the voltage stability of the direct current bus, and the direct current inner ring has the function of quickly tracking the load change and can limit the output power.
Fig. 3 shows a schematic diagram of the sector division of the three-phase voltage in the present invention, assuming that the 0-angle time a-phase sinusoidal voltage u a is the maximum value and the pi-angle time a-phase sinusoidal voltage u a is the minimum value. The B phase voltage lags the A phase voltage by 2pi/3 and the C phase voltage lags the B phase voltage by 2pi/3. Set 0-pi/3 to sector 1, and so on.
The three-phase uncontrolled rectifier bridge and the three bidirectional switches form a sector selection switch in the topology, the sector selection switch only acts when the sectors are switched, the switch states of the switching tubes are shown in the following table when the sectors are switched, wherein 1 represents on and 0 represents off.
When the low frequency sector switch is operated, the voltage U py between the node p and the node Y and the voltage U yn between the node Y and the node n also change in the low frequency pulsation period, and the conversion period is three times the power frequency period. Inverter ac current sine and unity power factor can be achieved when controlling the positive bus current i p, the negative bus current i n, and the current difference i Y also varies according to the low frequency ripple shown in fig. 4. As shown in fig. 5 (a), 5 (b), 5 (c) and 5 (d), the states of power transfer by two sets of full bridges can be divided into four states, and the positive bus full bridge transfers power together with the negative bus full bridge in fig. 5 (a); in fig. 5 (b) only the positive bus full bridge delivers power; in fig. 5 (c), only the negative bus full bridge transfers power; in fig. 5 (d) there is no full bridge transfer power. As shown in fig. 6, according to the phase-shifting full bridge assumption that θ p is a phase-shifting angle between two groups of bridge arms of the positive bus full bridge, θ n is a phase-shifting angle between two groups of bridge arms of the negative bus full bridge, since the dc inductance of the dc side can be regarded as a constant dc source i dc, the input current i p of the positive bus full bridge can be regarded as a chopping current for the dc current i dc, and the output current i n of the similar negative bus full bridge can be regarded as a chopping current for the dc current i dc.
The generation of two sets of high frequency full-bridge phase shift angles, lead-lag bridge arm drive generation logic, and clamp circuit drive generation logic will be described in detail below using sector 1 as an example. In sector 1, the current i p fundamental wave is an a-phase current, the current i n fundamental wave is a C-phase current, the current i Y fundamental wave is a B-phase current, and according to the average value equivalent principle, the average current i p of any switching period can be expressed as:
which at k is the isolation transformer transformation ratio. Is of the same kind
When the period average value of the currents i p and i n at any moment is equal to the ac side current sequence value, that is, the ac current sine degree and unit power factor control are realized, therefore, the expression of three phase shift angles in the sector 1 is:
The other five sectors can be analogized in this way.
After the phase shift angles of the two groups of phase shift full bridges are obtained, a specific logic block diagram of each switching tube of the two groups of full bridges and the switching tube of the clamping circuit is shown in fig. 7. The phase angle width is obtained by comparing a reference generated by a regulator with a delta wave of which the up-count reaches TOP value in each switching period, ref_p corresponds to the phase angle theta p, ref_n corresponds to the phase angle theta n, and DT is a fixed value for generating dead zones of upper and lower switching tubes of a bridge arm. The power transfer period can be divided into 9 modes, as shown in fig. 8 (a), 8 (b), 8 (c), 8 (d), 8 (e), 8 (f), 8 (g), 8 (h), 8 (i) and 8 (j), and the low frequency sector selection module in the circuit structure is simplified into two voltage sources U pY and U Yn.
Modality 0: before time t 0, only S p1、Sp4、Sn1 and S n4 are in the on state, and the secondary side current of the transformer flows through diodes D d1 and D d4. At this time, the power on state of the inverter becomes as shown in fig. 5 (a).
Modality 1: t 0-t1,Sn1 is off. The transformer primary current is switched from the channel of S n1 to the parasitic junction capacitances of S n1 and S n2, C n1 and C n2, and C n1 charges and C n2 discharges. When the discharge is completed, the primary current of the transformer T2 is switched to the body diode of S n2.
Modality 2: t 1-t2,Sn2 is on. Since the current is switched to the body diode in mode 1, the lead tube S n2 is turned on at zero voltage. At this time, the power on state of the inverter becomes as shown in fig. 5 (b).
Modality 3: t 2-t3,Sp1 is off. The transformer primary current is switched from the channel of S p1 to the parasitic junction capacitances of S p1 and S p2, C p1 and C p2, and C p1 charges and C p2 discharges. When the discharge is completed, the primary current of the transformer T1 is switched to the body diode of S p2.
Modality 4: t 3-t4,Sp2 is on. Since the current is switched to the body diode in mode 1, the lead tube S p2 is turned on at zero voltage. At this time, the power on state of the inverter becomes as shown in fig. 5 (d). The secondary side current of the transformer flows through the diodes D d1、Dd2、Dd3 and D d4, and the direct current inductor L dc is in a freewheeling state.
Modality 5: t 4-t5,Sp4 is turned off simultaneously with S n4. The primary side current of the transformer T1 is switched from the channel of S p4 to parasitic junction capacitances C p3 and C p4 of S p3 and S p4, the primary side current of the transformer T2 is switched from the channel of S n4 to parasitic junction capacitances C n3 and C n4 of S n3 and S n4, and at this stage C p4 is charged, C p3 is discharged, C n4 is charged and C n3 is discharged. When the discharge is completed, the primary side current of the transformer T1 is switched to the body diode of S p3, and the primary side current of the transformer T2 is switched to the body diode of S n3.
Modality 6: t 5-t6,Sp3 and S n3 and clamp S au are simultaneously turned on. Since the current is switched to the body diode in mode 5, the hysteretic transistors S p3 and S n3 are turned on at zero voltage. The clamping capacitor is connected to two ends of the high-frequency rectifier at the moment, the capacitance value of the two ends of the secondary side transformer which are equivalently connected in parallel is increased, the resonance frequency of leakage inductance and parasitic capacitance is greatly reduced, and the leakage inductance and parasitic capacitance cannot resonate to twice average output voltage in one switching period.
Modality 7: t 6-t7,Sp2、Sp3 is in the on state at the same time as S n2、Sn3. The current of the transformers T1 and T2 is reversed, the secondary side diodes are still in all-conduction follow current state, and the secondary side current of the transformers starts to rise to the output current value reversely.
Modality 8: t 7-t8,Sp2、Sp3 is in the on state at the same time as S n2、Sn3. The secondary side current of the transformer has risen back to the output current value and the secondary side diodes D d1 and D d4 are turned off, at which time the power on state of the converter becomes as shown in fig. 5 (a). At time t 8, the clamping tube is turned off, and the clamping capacitor branch circuit is disconnected from the main power loop.
The subsequent modes are similar to the 9 modes analyzed above, and the zero-voltage opening is realized by 8 switching tubes of the positive and negative bus full bridge.
In combination with fig. 7 and fig. 8 (a), fig. 8 (b), fig. 8 (c), fig. 8 (d), fig. 8 (e), fig. 8 (f), fig. 8 (g), fig. 8 (h), fig. 8 (i) and fig. 8 (j), the current of the transformer is in the conducting freewheeling state at the stage t 5-t7 when the reverse process is completed, and the output voltage width is narrower than the ideal set width, so as to form the phenomenon of duty cycle loss. Therefore, the self-adaptive compensation algorithm in the control block diagram of fig. 2 is adopted, and the phase shift angle theta c to be compensated is estimated through the direct current i dc and the parameters of the converter, so that the defect of control precision caused by the phenomenon of loss of the duty ratio is overcome.
Claims (9)
1. A soft-switching single-stage high frequency isolation rectifier with active clamp comprising: three AC side inductors, three AC side capacitors, three bidirectional switches, a positive bus single-phase full bridge, a negative bus single-phase full bridge, two isolation transformers, a single-phase uncontrolled rectifier full bridge, a clamping circuit, a DC side filter inductor and a DC side filter capacitor; one end of each of the three alternating-current side inductors is connected to the input of a three-phase alternating-current power supply, the other end of each of the three alternating-current side inductors is connected to three alternating-current side capacitors, the three alternating-current side capacitors are in star connection, the midpoints of three bridge arms of the three-phase uncontrolled rectifying full bridge are connected to three bidirectional switches respectively, the other ends of the three bidirectional switches are simultaneously connected to the same node Y, control signals of the bidirectional switches are judged by angles provided by phase-locked loops, voltages of one power grid period are divided into six sectors for judgment control, positive direct-current bus nodes p and nodes Y of the three-phase full bridge are respectively connected to the public input side of the positive bus single-phase full bridge, meanwhile, nodes Y and negative direct-current bus nodes n of the three-phase full bridge are respectively connected to the public input side of the negative bus single-phase full bridge, the midpoint output of two groups of bridge arms of the positive bus single-phase full bridge is connected to the primary side of an isolation transformer T1, the midpoint output of two groups of bridge arms of the negative bus single-phase full bridge is connected to the primary side of an isolation transformer T2, the secondary sides of the isolation transformers T1 and T2 are connected in series in the same-name mode, the output ends of the transformers after being connected in series are connected to the midpoints of two groups of bridge arms of the single-phase rectification full bridge, one common output port of the single-phase rectification full bridge is connected to a clamping circuit branch and a direct current side filter inductor, the other end of the direct current side filter inductor is a positive direct current bus port of a converter, the positive direct current bus port is simultaneously connected with one end of the direct current side filter capacitor, the other end of the direct current side filter capacitor is a negative direct current bus port of the converter, and the negative direct current bus port is simultaneously connected with the single-phase rectification full bridge and the other common output port of the clamping circuit.
2. The soft-switching single-stage high-frequency isolated rectifier with active clamp of claim 1, wherein the three-phase uncontrolled rectifying full bridge is composed of six diodes, the anode of the first diode D a+ is connected with the cathode of the second diode D a- as a bridge arm, the anode of the third diode D b+ is connected with the cathode of the fourth diode D b- as a bridge arm, the anode of the fifth diode D c+ is connected with the cathode of the sixth diode D c- as a bridge arm, the cathodes of the first diode D a+, the third diode D b+ and the fifth diode D c+ are connected as positive dc bus nodes p of the three-phase full bridge, and the anodes of the second diode D a-, the fourth diode D b- and the sixth diode D c- are connected as negative dc bus nodes n of the three-phase uncontrolled rectifying full bridge.
3. The soft-switching single-stage high frequency isolation rectifier with active clamp of claim 1, wherein three bi-directional switches are composed of six switching tubes, an emitter of a third switching tube S ya+ is connected with an emitter of a second switching tube S ya- to form a bi-directional switch, an emitter of a third switching tube S yb+ is connected with an emitter of a fourth switching tube S yb- to form a bi-directional switch, and an emitter of a fifth switching tube S yc+ is connected with an emitter of a sixth switching tube S yc- to form a bi-directional switch.
4. The soft-switching single-stage high-frequency isolation rectifier with active clamp according to claim 1, characterized in that the positive bus single-phase full bridge is composed of four switching tubes, the emitter of the seventh switching tube S p1 is connected with the collector of the eighth switching tube S p2 as a bridge arm, the emitter of the ninth switching tube S p3 is connected with the collector of the tenth switching tube S p4 as a bridge arm, the collector of the seventh switching tube S p1 is connected with the collector of the ninth switching tube S p3 as a positive direct current node of the positive bus single-phase full bridge is connected with the positive direct current bus node p of the three-phase full bridge, the emitter of the eighth switching tube S p2 is connected with the emitter of the tenth switching tube S p4 as a negative direct current node of the positive bus single-phase full bridge is connected with the common node Y of the two-way switch.
5. The soft-switching single-stage high-frequency isolation rectifier with active clamp according to claim 1, characterized in that the negative bus single-phase full bridge is composed of four switching tubes, the emitter of the eleventh switching tube S n1 is connected with the collector of the twelfth switching tube S n2 as a bridge arm, the emitter of the thirteenth switching tube S n3 is connected with the collector of the fourteenth switching tube S n4 as a bridge arm, the collector of the eleventh switching tube S n1 is connected with the collector of the thirteenth switching tube S n3 as a positive dc node of the negative bus single-phase full bridge is connected with the common node Y of the bidirectional switch, and the emitter of the twelfth switching tube S n2 is connected with the emitter of the fourteenth switching tube S n4 as a negative dc node of the negative bus single-phase full bridge is connected with the negative dc bus node n of the three-phase full bridge.
6. The soft-switching single-stage high-frequency isolated rectifier with active clamp of claim 1, wherein the single-phase rectifying full bridge is composed of four diodes, an anode of the seventh diode D d1 is connected with a cathode of the eighth diode D d2 as a bridge arm, an anode of the ninth diode D d3 is connected with a cathode of the twelfth diode D d4 as a bridge arm, a cathode of the seventh diode D d1 is connected with a cathode of the ninth diode D d3 as a positive dc side node of the single-phase rectifying full bridge, and an anode of the eighth diode D d2 is connected with an anode of the twelfth diode D d4 as a negative dc side node of the single-phase rectifying full bridge.
7. The soft-switching single-stage high-frequency isolation rectifier with active clamp as claimed in claim 1, wherein the clamp circuit is composed of a switching tube and a capacitor, the emitter of the fifteenth switching tube S au is used as the positive node of the clamp circuit, the collector of the fifteenth switching tube S au is connected with the absorption capacitor C au, and the other end of the absorption capacitor is used as the negative node of the clamp circuit; or the collector of the fifteenth switching tube S au is used as a negative node of the clamping circuit, the emitter of the fifteenth switching tube S au is connected with the absorption capacitor C au, and the other end of the absorption capacitor is used as a positive node of the clamping circuit.
8. The soft-switched, single-stage, high-frequency isolated rectifier with active clamp of any of claims 3,4, 5, or 7 wherein the switching tubes are each comprised of a unidirectional switching tube and a diode connected in parallel, wherein the emitter of the unidirectional switching tube is connected to the anode of the diode and the collector of the unidirectional switching tube is connected to the cathode of the diode.
9. A soft switching single stage high frequency isolated rectifier with active clamp as in any of claims 2 or 6 wherein the diode is an anti-parallel diode of an IGBT or a parasitic diode of a MOSFET.
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| CN110061650B (en) * | 2019-05-17 | 2020-11-06 | 南京航空航天大学 | Single-stage isolated three-phase bidirectional AC/DC converter and control method |
| CN110677059B (en) * | 2019-10-12 | 2021-07-20 | 南京博兰得电子科技有限公司 | Three-phase single-stage rectification circuit and control method thereof |
| CN110855163A (en) * | 2019-11-19 | 2020-02-28 | 南京航空航天大学 | Single-stage isolated three-phase rectifier and control method thereof |
| CN111800015B (en) * | 2020-07-13 | 2024-04-05 | 中南大学 | DC transformer for new energy DC grid connection and control method thereof |
| CN111987904A (en) * | 2020-08-06 | 2020-11-24 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Non-isolated DC/DC converter |
| CN112202351A (en) * | 2020-08-25 | 2021-01-08 | 南京航空航天大学 | Single-stage isolated three-phase AC/DC rectifier of wide-range soft switch |
| WO2022068007A1 (en) * | 2020-09-30 | 2022-04-07 | 重庆美的制冷设备有限公司 | Air conditioner control circuit, air conditioner control method, circuit board, and air conditioner |
| CN116131642B (en) * | 2023-04-19 | 2023-06-30 | 湖南大学 | Three-phase five-level rectifier |
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