CN113189446B - Low-current ground fault line selection method - Google Patents

Low-current ground fault line selection method Download PDF

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CN113189446B
CN113189446B CN202110467922.3A CN202110467922A CN113189446B CN 113189446 B CN113189446 B CN 113189446B CN 202110467922 A CN202110467922 A CN 202110467922A CN 113189446 B CN113189446 B CN 113189446B
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zero sequence
sequence current
line
current
frequency band
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CN113189446A (en
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梁作宾
乔东伟
宫德锋
孙庆森
亓鹏
王猛
杨军
杨坤
徐东生
张恒
叶俊
李文东
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State Grid Corp of China SGCC
TaiAn Power Supply Co of State Grid Shandong Electric Power Co Ltd
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TaiAn Power Supply Co of State Grid Shandong Electric Power Co Ltd
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/08—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks
    • G01R31/081—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks according to type of conductors
    • G01R31/086—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks according to type of conductors in power transmission or distribution networks, i.e. with interconnected conductors
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/08—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks
    • G01R31/088—Aspects of digital computing
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/50—Testing of electric apparatus, lines, cables or components for short-circuits, continuity, leakage current or incorrect line connections
    • G01R31/52—Testing for short-circuits, leakage current or ground faults
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S10/00—Systems supporting electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y04S10/50—Systems or methods supporting the power network operation or management, involving a certain degree of interaction with the load-side end user applications
    • Y04S10/52—Outage or fault management, e.g. fault detection or location

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  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mathematical Physics (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
  • Locating Faults (AREA)
  • Testing Of Short-Circuits, Discontinuities, Leakage, Or Incorrect Line Connections (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a small current ground fault line selection method, which comprises the following steps: (1) and monitoring the zero sequence voltage of the bus of the system, and starting the fault line selection device when the monitored voltage is greater than the preset voltage. (2) And sampling to obtain the zero sequence current of each branch in the first period after the fault, and extracting the zero sequence current information of each branch in the low frequency band and the characteristic frequency band. (3) And solving the dot product of the zero sequence current of each branch, and calculating the improved Hausdorff distance value of each branch according to the solved dot product. (4) And determining a fault line according to the obtained improved Hausdorff distance value. The invention can ensure accurate line selection result and has small calculation amount.

Description

Low-current ground fault line selection method
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of fault line selection of a power distribution network, and relates to a low-current ground fault line selection method.
Background
The low-current grounding mode is a grounding mode commonly adopted by medium-voltage power distribution networks in China, when a low-current grounding system has a single-phase grounding fault, line voltage between three phases still keeps symmetrical, the system is allowed to continuously operate for 1-2 hours, but if the fault cannot be timely removed, insulation breakdown between lines can be caused, and the fault range is expanded. Therefore, when the system fails, the fault line is quickly judged and fault isolation is realized, and the method has important significance on safe and reliable operation of the power distribution network.
At present, research aiming at small-current ground fault line selection is greatly advanced. In a power distribution network with an ungrounded neutral point, fault line selection is carried out by using the amplitude and the direction of power frequency zero sequence current and a zero sequence reactive power direction method; in a resonant grounded power distribution network, a zero sequence active power method is adopted to indicate faults, and the influence of arc suppression coil current is overcome by using active current components generated by parallel resistors of arc suppression coils; because the zero sequence current of a fault line is small, the problem of fault line selection of a resonant grounded power distribution network is difficult to solve by using a method of steady-state zero sequence current and zero sequence voltage generated by faults, so an active line selection technology for amplifying the zero sequence current or injecting characteristic signals into the power distribution network by artificially changing the running state of a neutral point is developed at present. Compared with the method, the method for fault line selection by using the transient quantity is not influenced by arc suppression coils, has wide application prospect, and can be successfully applied to the transmission line and used for measuring the distance of the power distribution network with longer line length and less branches by adopting the traveling wave principle; the transient reactive power direction method needs to acquire fault transient voltage and current of a line at a detection point, perform Hilbert transform on the fault transient zero-sequence voltage, obtain average power of the fault transient zero-sequence voltage, and judge a fault line by a sign of the average power; at the present stage, scholars at home and abroad make a great deal of research on a method for fault line selection by utilizing the similarity of zero sequence current waveforms of a fault line and a sound line, and the method has good field application effect and higher reliability.
The method is divided into three categories, namely active line selection, line selection by utilizing steady-state information and line selection by utilizing transient-state information. The active line selection method can change the monitored signal in the fault line and identify the fault line by injecting various frequency signals or adjusting the compensation degree of the arc suppression coil. Such methods, however, require additional equipment and additional operations that add potential risks and costs. The steady state information line selection method comprises a zero sequence current group amplitude comparison phase method, a zero sequence active power method, a quintic harmonic method and the like, and in a resonant grounding system, due to the influence of noise and arc suppression coils, the line selection method utilizing the steady state information is prone to causing misjudgment and causing line selection failure. Compared with the method, the method for selecting the line by using the transient signal can quickly and accurately judge the fault line, and has wide application prospect because the transient signal is not influenced by the arc suppression coil. The traveling wave method has been successfully applied to fault line selection and fault location of power distribution networks, but the method based on traveling wave distance measurement is easily subject to electromagnetic interference and requires a rather high sampling frequency. The energy method is to calculate the corresponding transient power by using the transient zero-sequence current and the transient zero-sequence voltage of each branch, identify the fault line according to the magnitude and polarity of the power, but when the fault resistance is high, the line selection result is influenced by noise to cause misjudgment. In addition, the artificial intelligence method depends on the reliability of the algorithm and the size of the training database to a great extent, and is lack of clear physical significance, so that the calculation cost is high, and the practical application of the artificial intelligence technology is restricted. In addition, with the access of a large number of cable lines, the actual distribution network fault situation is more complex, and the transient state information is more abundant, so that the research on a reliable fault line selection method for the power distribution network of the cable-overhead mixed line has very important meaning.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above technical problems, embodiments of the present invention provide a low-current ground fault line selection method, which can solve the problem that, in the field of power distribution network fault line selection, line selection using a transient quantity is easily affected by a complex fault condition.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the embodiment of the invention provides a small-current ground fault line selection method, which comprises the following steps:
s100, monitoring zero sequence voltage U of bus of power distribution network system in real time 0 And monitoring the zero sequence voltage U of the bus 0 ＞a*U N Then, S110 is executed; a is a predetermined coefficient, U N Is the bus volumeFixing voltage;
s110, sampling to obtain zero sequence current of each branch in a first period after a fault, and extracting zero sequence current information of each branch in a low frequency band and a characteristic frequency band;
s120, passing
Figure BDA0003044031930000021
Obtaining the dot product of the zero sequence current of each branch circuit, and using the obtained dot product as the corrected zero sequence current of the corresponding branch circuit, wherein,
Figure BDA0003044031930000022
a zero sequence current vector formed by the low frequency band of the zero sequence current of each branch circuit,
Figure BDA0003044031930000023
zero sequence current vectors formed by characteristic frequency bands of the zero sequence current of each branch circuit; theta is
Figure BDA0003044031930000031
And
Figure BDA0003044031930000032
the included angle between the two is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to pi;
s130, by H (I) 0i ,I 0j )＝max(h(I 0i ,I 0j ),h(I 0j ,I 0i ) To obtain a matching degree value of the transient zero sequence current between the lines i and j, wherein,
Figure BDA0003044031930000033
the matching degree value of the unidirectional zero sequence current between the lines i and j is obtained;
Figure BDA0003044031930000034
matching degree value of the unidirectional zero sequence current between the lines j and i; i is 0i ＝{m i1 ,m i2 ,...,m ik Is the corrected zero sequence current of line i, m i1 ,m i2 ,...,m ik Corrected zero sequence current I for line I respectively 0i Corresponding sampling zero sequence currentK is the corrected zero sequence current I of the line I 0i The corresponding sampling point number; i is 0j ＝{m j1 ,m j2 ,...,m jp I, a corrected zero sequence current of the line i, m j1 ,m j2 ,...,m jp Corrected zero sequence current I, respectively line j 0j Corresponding sampled zero sequence current, p being the corrected zero sequence current I of line j 0j The corresponding sampling point number; i is more than or equal to 1, j is less than or equal to n, i is not equal to j, and n is the total number of the lines;
s140, obtaining a corresponding matching matrix based on the matching degree value of the zero sequence current between the branches obtained in the S130
Figure BDA0003044031930000035
S150, for any row in the matrix H, if the maximum value H in all the elements in the row max ＞∑H rest If yes, the line corresponding to the row is judged to be a fault line; sigma H rest Is the sum of the remaining elements of the row except the maximum.
The low-current ground fault line selection method provided by the embodiment of the invention is characterized in that zero sequence current of each branch is taken as fault characteristic quantity, the fault characteristic quantity of a characteristic frequency band and a low frequency band is extracted through a digital filter, dot product operation is carried out on the extracted fault information, the similarity of each branch is calculated by utilizing an improved Hausdorff distance algorithm, and then a fault line is judged according to a set fault line selection criterion, so that the defect that the fault line selection is easily influenced by complex fault conditions when a transient quantity is used for line selection in the field of power distribution network fault line selection at present can be overcome.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantages to be solved by the present invention clearer and more complete description of the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The embodiment of the invention provides a small-current ground fault line selection method, which comprises the following steps:
s100, monitoring zero sequence voltage U of bus of power distribution network system in real time 0 And the zero sequence voltage U of the bus is monitored 0 ＞a*U N If yes, executing S110; a is a predetermined coefficient, U N The rated voltage of the bus is.
In embodiments of the invention, the power distribution grid system may be constructed from an overhead-cable hybrid outlet. The zero sequence voltage of the bus can be monitored by the existing zero sequence monitoring device. When the zero sequence voltage U of the bus is monitored 0 ＞ k*U N And meanwhile, the outgoing line fault of the power distribution network system is shown, and fault line selection is required. A can be set according to actual needs, and in one example, the value of a can be 0.15.
S110, sampling to obtain the zero sequence current of each branch in the first period after the fault, and extracting the zero sequence current information of each branch in the low frequency band and the characteristic frequency band.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the sampling period may be set according to actual conditions, and in one example, the sampling period may be about 20ms, that is, in this step, after the fault is determined, the zero sequence current of each branch connected to the bus within 20ms is sampled. In the embodiment of the invention, the zero sequence current information of each branch in the low frequency band and the characteristic frequency band can be extracted through the digital filter, and the zero sequence current information of each branch in the low frequency band and the characteristic frequency band can be extracted through adjusting the window function of the digital filter.
In the embodiment of the invention, if the frequency f of the zero sequence current satisfies 200Hz < f k Then, it means that the frequency f belongs to the characteristic frequency band; if f < 50Hz, it means that the frequency f belongs to the low frequency band. Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0003044031930000041
l is the line length, C 0 、L 0 The zero sequence capacitance and the zero sequence inductance of the circuit can be obtained by the existing method.
S120, by
Figure BDA0003044031930000042
Obtaining the dot product of the zero sequence current of each branch circuit, and using the obtained dot product as the corrected zero sequence current of the corresponding branch circuit, wherein,
Figure BDA0003044031930000043
zero sequence current vector formed by the low frequency band of the zero sequence current of each branch,
Figure BDA0003044031930000044
a 1 ,a 2 ,...,a r the current values of the extracted zero sequence currents of the branches in the low frequency band are obtained, and r is the number of sampling points corresponding to the current values of the extracted zero sequence currents of the branches in the low frequency band;
Figure BDA0003044031930000051
a zero sequence current vector formed by the characteristic frequency band of the zero sequence current of each branch circuit,
Figure BDA0003044031930000052
Figure BDA0003044031930000053
b 1 ,b 2 ,...,b s the current values are respectively the current values in the characteristic frequency band of the extracted zero sequence current of each branch, and s is the number of sampling points corresponding to the current values in the characteristic frequency band of the extracted zero sequence current of each branch; theta is
Figure BDA0003044031930000054
And
Figure BDA0003044031930000055
the included angle between the two is theta and pi which are more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to pi.
In the embodiment of the invention, the zero sequence current in the extracted characteristic frequency band and the low frequency band is subjected to dot product processing and is used as the corrected zero sequence current, so that the accuracy of line selection is improved.
S130, by H (I) 0i ,I 0j )＝max(h(I 0i ,I 0j ),h(I 0j ,I 0i ))And obtaining a bidirectional Hausdorff distance between the lines i and j, wherein the distance is defined as a matching degree value of the transient zero-sequence current, and the smaller H (i, j) is, the higher the similarity between waveforms of the transient zero-sequence current is.
Wherein, | | m i -m j The method comprises the following steps of | | | is the Euclidean distance between a sampling point and a sampling point between lines i and j, and is defined as a matching degree value between the sampling point and the sampling point between the lines i and j;
Figure BDA0003044031930000056
the one-way Hausdorff distance between the lines i and j is defined as the matching degree value of the zero sequence current between the lines i and j in the invention; | m j -m i The I is the Euclidean distance between a sampling point and a sampling point between the lines j and i, and is defined as the matching degree value between the sampling point and the sampling point between the lines j and i in the invention;
Figure BDA0003044031930000057
the one-way Hausdorff distance between the lines j and i is defined as the matching degree value of the zero sequence current between the lines j and i in the invention; i is 0i ＝{m i1 ,m i2 ,...,m ik I, a corrected zero sequence current of the line i, m i1 ,m i2 ,...,m ik Corrected zero sequence current I for line I respectively 0i Corresponding sampled zero sequence current value, k is the corrected zero sequence current I of the line I 0i The corresponding sampling point number; i is 0j ＝{m j1 ,m j2 ,...,m jp H, the corrected zero sequence current of the line i, m j1 ,m j2 ,...,m jp Corrected zero sequence current I for line j respectively 0j Corresponding sampled zero sequence current value, p is the corrected zero sequence current I of line j 0j The corresponding sampling point number; i is more than or equal to 1, j is less than or equal to n, i is not equal to j, and n is the total number of lines.
By H (I) 0i ,I 0j )＝max(h(I 0i ,I 0j ),h(I 0j ,I 0i ) Can obtain the matching degree value of the transient zero sequence current between any two lines. In the embodiment of the invention, any method is usedThe mean value of the minimum value in the matching degree values between the sampling point and the sampling point between the two lines is used as the matching degree value of the one-way zero-sequence current between any two lines, so that the influence of the isolated point on the final judgment result can be reduced, and the judgment result is more accurate. In the invention, the specific calculation method of the Hausdorff distance is the same as that in the prior art, and the detailed description is omitted in the invention for avoiding repeated description.
S140, obtaining a corresponding matching matrix based on the matching degree value of the zero sequence current between the branches obtained in the S130
Figure BDA0003044031930000061
As can be seen from the matrix H, the main diagonal element is 0, and the matrix H elements are symmetrical according to the main diagonal. If feeder i fails, the element in ith row in the matrix is composed of the maximum value of the elements in the other rows
S150, for any row in the matrix H, if the maximum value H in all the elements in the row max ＞∑H rest If yes, the line corresponding to the row is judged to be a fault line, otherwise, S160 is executed; sigma H rest Is the sum of the remaining elements of the row except the maximum.
S160, if H s-max ＞∑H rest-o If yes, the line corresponding to the row is judged to be a fault line, otherwise, S170 is executed; h s-max The next largest value in all elements in the row; sigma H rest-o The sum of the remaining elements of the row except the maximum and next largest values.
Because the zero-sequence capacitance difference of the unit length between the cable line and the overhead line is large, and the corresponding zero-sequence current difference is also large, the numerical value between the cable line and the overhead line is large, and in order to avoid misjudgment, the embodiment of the invention further uses a new judgment basis H s-max ＞∑H rest-o And the judgment is carried out, so that the judgment result is more accurate.
And S170, judging the bus as a fault line.
To sum up, the small-current ground fault line selection method provided by the embodiment of the invention at least has the following advantages:
1) the zero sequence current of each branch in the low frequency band and the characteristic frequency band is extracted through a digital filter, fault line selection is carried out by utilizing the similarity of the zero sequence current waveforms of a fault line and a sound line, and the line selection effect is obvious.
2) The waveform difference between the fault line and the healthy line is represented through dot product operation, improvement is carried out on the basis of the existing Hausdorff distance algorithm, the similarity of the waveforms of the zero sequence current of the fault line and the healthy line is calculated, isolated points can be reduced, and the line selection effect is more accurate.
3) The zero sequence voltage of each branch circuit is not required, and only the zero sequence current of each branch circuit is required. In addition, the data calculation amount is not large, and only the feature information of one period after the fault needs to be uploaded.
The above-mentioned embodiments are merely specific embodiments of the present invention, which are used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting the same, and the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that: those skilled in the art can still modify or easily conceive of the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some technical features within the technical scope of the present disclosure; such modifications, changes or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the embodiments of the present invention, and they should be construed as being included therein. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims (3)

1. A small current ground fault line selection method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s100, monitoring zero sequence voltage U of bus of power distribution network system in real time 0 And monitoring the zero sequence voltage U of the bus 0 ＞a*U N Then, S110 is executed; a is a predetermined coefficient, U N Rated voltage for the bus;
s110, sampling to obtain zero sequence current of each branch in a first period after a fault, and extracting zero sequence current information of each branch in a low frequency band and a characteristic frequency band;
s120, by
Figure FDA0003705628620000011
Obtaining the dot product of the zero sequence current of each branch circuit, and using the obtained dot product as the corrected zero sequence current of the corresponding branch circuit, wherein,
Figure FDA0003705628620000012
a zero sequence current vector formed by the low frequency band of the zero sequence current of each branch circuit,
Figure FDA0003705628620000013
zero sequence current vectors formed by characteristic frequency bands of the zero sequence current of each branch circuit; theta is
Figure FDA0003705628620000014
And
Figure FDA0003705628620000015
the included angle between the two is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to pi;
s130, by H (I) 0i ,I 0j )＝max(h(I 0i ,I 0j ),h(I 0j ,I 0i ) To obtain a matching degree value of the transient zero sequence current between the lines i and j, wherein,
Figure FDA0003705628620000016
matching degree value of the unidirectional zero sequence current between the lines i and j;
Figure FDA0003705628620000017
matching degree value of the unidirectional zero sequence current between the lines j and i; i is 0i ＝{m i1 ,m i2 ,...,m ik I, a corrected zero sequence current of the line i, m i1 ,m i2 ,...,m ik Corrected zero sequence current I for line I respectively 0i Corresponding toSampling zero sequence current, k is corrected zero sequence current I of line I 0i The corresponding sampling point number; i is 0j ＝{m j1 ,m j2 ,...,m jp I, a corrected zero sequence current of the line i, m j1 ,m j2 ,...,m jp Corrected zero sequence current I for line j respectively 0j Corresponding sampled zero sequence current, p being the corrected zero sequence current I of line j 0j The corresponding sampling point number; i is more than or equal to 1, j is less than or equal to n, i is not equal to j, and n is the total number of the lines;
s140, obtaining a corresponding matching matrix based on the matching degree value of the zero sequence current between the branches obtained in the S130
Figure FDA0003705628620000021
S150, for any row in the matrix H, if the maximum value H in all the elements in the row max ＞∑H rest If yes, the line corresponding to the row is judged to be a fault line; sigma H rest Is the sum of the remaining elements of the column except the maximum;
s160, if H s-max ＞∑H rest-o If yes, the line corresponding to the row is judged to be a fault line, otherwise, S170 is executed; h s-max The next largest value in all elements in the row; sigma H rest-o The sum of the remaining elements of the row except the maximum and next largest values;
s170, judging that the bus is a fault line;
wherein, if the frequency f of the zero sequence current satisfies 200Hz < f k Then, it means that the frequency f belongs to the characteristic frequency band; if f is less than 50Hz, the frequency f belongs to a low frequency band;
Figure FDA0003705628620000022
l is the line length, C 0 、L 0 The zero sequence capacitance and the zero sequence inductance of the circuit.
2. The low current ground fault line selection method of claim 1, wherein a is 0.15.
3. The small-current ground fault line selection method according to claim 1, wherein in step S110, zero sequence current information of each branch in the low frequency band and the characteristic frequency band is extracted through a digital filter.
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