CN113567803B - Low-current ground fault positioning method and system based on Tanimoto similarity - Google Patents
Low-current ground fault positioning method and system based on Tanimoto similarity Download PDFInfo
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- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/08—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks
- G01R31/081—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks according to type of conductors
- G01R31/083—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks according to type of conductors in cables, e.g. underground
Abstract
The application discloses a small-current ground fault positioning method and a system based on Tanimoto similarity, wherein the method comprises the following steps: extracting transient zero sequence current data of each detection point in a preset time window after a fault on a fault line; according to the transient zero sequence current data in each time period of the time window, calculating to obtain the transient zero sequence current amplitude of each detection point in each time period; judging whether the fault line is a multi-branch line or a non-branch line: if the fault line is a multi-branch line, calculating the Tanimoto similarity of transient zero sequence current amplitude sequences of adjacent detection points before and after each branch node in the multi-branch line, and selecting one branch line as a fault branch; if the fault line is a branch-free line, the branch-free line is a fault branch; calculating the Tanimoto similarity of the transient zero sequence current amplitude sequences of all adjacent detection points on the fault branch, and judging the section where the fault is located; the application has the advantages of easy detection, low cost and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to a small-current ground fault positioning method and system based on Tanimoto similarity, and belongs to the technical field of power distribution network fault positioning.
Background
The distribution network in China widely adopts a small-current grounding mode that a neutral point is not grounded, and the neutral point is grounded through an arc suppression coil. In addition, the power distribution network has a complex structure, various operation conditions and easy occurrence of line faults, wherein the probability of single-phase grounding faults reaches 80%. When a single-phase earth fault occurs, a sound line voltage surge may cause more serious faults such as interphase short circuit and power interruption. The rapid and accurate fault positioning is beneficial to small-range isolation and rapid overhaul of faults, and has important significance for safe, stable and efficient operation of the power distribution network.
Ground fault localization techniques can be divided into two main categories depending on the type of fault signal utilized: and a positioning method using the steady state quantity and the transient state quantity. The distribution network in China is mainly a small-current grounding system, the steady-state quantity is small when faults occur, fault characteristics are weak, misjudgment is easy to occur in the method, and additional devices are needed to be added in the active steady-state quantity positioning method such as signal injection, switching resistance and the like. In contrast, the transient state information of the ground fault instant is richer, the current amplitude is larger, the detection is easy, and the cost is lower.
Disclosure of Invention
The application aims to overcome the defects in the prior art, provides a small-current grounding fault positioning method and a small-current grounding fault positioning system based on Tanimoto similarity, introduces the Tanimoto similarity to describe the difference between amplitude sequences of adjacent detection points of a fault line, and performs fault section positioning, and has the advantages of easiness in detection and low cost.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the application is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
in a first aspect, the present application provides a method for positioning a small current ground fault based on Tanimoto similarity, including:
extracting transient zero sequence current data of each detection point in a preset time window after a fault on a fault line;
according to the transient zero sequence current data in each time period of the time window, calculating to obtain the transient zero sequence current amplitude of each detection point in each time period;
judging whether the fault line is a multi-branch line or a non-branch line: if the fault line is a multi-branch line, calculating the Tanimoto similarity of transient zero sequence current amplitude sequences of adjacent detection points before and after each branch node in the multi-branch line, and selecting one branch line as a fault branch according to a calculation result; if the fault line is a branch-free line, the branch-free line is a fault branch;
calculating the Tanimoto similarity of the transient zero sequence current amplitude sequences of each adjacent detection point on the fault branch, judging the section where the fault is located according to the calculation result, and completing the positioning of the fault on the fault branch;
the section is divided according to acquisition and measurement terminals arranged along the line on a power distribution network line, the line between two adjacent acquisition and measurement terminals is a section, and each acquisition and measurement terminal is used as a detection point.
Preferably, the preset time window is 1/2 or 1 power frequency cycle.
Preferably, the determining of the fault line comprises determining according to the zero sequence voltage mutation characteristics and the three-phase voltage relation acquired by the outlet terminal equipment of the transformer substation after the single-phase earth fault occurs.
Preferably, the calculating the transient zero sequence current amplitude of each detection point in each time period according to the transient zero sequence current data in each time period of the time window includes:
the transient zero-sequence current data in each time period comprises the transient zero-sequence current amplitude of the detection point at each moment in each time period, and the calculation formula of the transient zero-sequence current amplitude of the detection point in each time period is as follows:
wherein I is 0i The transient zero sequence current amplitude of the detection point in the ith time period is i=1, 2, …, m and m are the total number of time periods; i.e 0 (k) The transient zero sequence current amplitude of the detection point at the kth moment in the ith time period is the transient zero sequence current amplitude of the detection point at the kth moment in the ith time period; n is the number of detection points in the ith time period.
Preferably, the calculation of the Tanimoto similarity includes:
transient zero sequence current amplitude sequence I for adjacent detection points x and x+1 x And I x+1 Normalization processing is carried out, and the formula is as follows:
wherein I is x ＝{I 01x ，I 02x ，......，I 0mx }，I 0ix The transient zero sequence current amplitude of the ith time period of the x detection point; i x+1 ＝{I 01x+1 ，I 02x+1 ，......，I 0mx+1 }，I 0ix+1 The transient zero sequence current amplitude of the ith time period is the x+1 detection point; i x+2 ＝{I 01x+2 ，I 02x+2 ，......，I 0mx+2 }，I 0ix+2 The transient zero sequence current amplitude of the ith time period of the x+2 detection point;the transient zero sequence current amplitude of the ith time period of the x detection point after normalization processing; />The transient zero sequence current amplitude of the ith time period of the x+1 detection point after normalization processing; max (max (·)) is a maximum function;
normalizing the transient zero sequence current amplitude value according to the detection points x and x+1And->Calculate Tanimoto similarity +.>The calculation formula is as follows:
。
preferably, the selecting one of the branch lines as the fault branch line according to the calculation result includes:
and selecting a branch line with the maximum Tanimoto similarity of transient zero sequence current amplitude sequences of adjacent detection points before and after each branch node in the multi-branch line as a fault branch.
Preferably, the determining the fault section according to the calculation result includes:
selecting the minimum value of the Tanimoto similarity of the transient zero sequence current amplitude sequences of all adjacent detection points on the fault branch, judging whether the minimum value is smaller than a preset threshold value,
if yes, the section between the adjacent detection points corresponding to the minimum value is a fault section;
if not, the downstream section of the last detection point on the fault branch is the fault section.
Preferably, the preset threshold value is in the range of 0.6-0.8.
In a first aspect, the present application provides a small current ground fault locating system based on Tanimoto similarity, comprising:
and a data acquisition module: extracting transient zero sequence current data of each detection point in a preset time window after a fault on a fault line;
and a data processing module: according to the transient zero sequence current data in each time period of the time window, calculating to obtain the transient zero sequence current amplitude of each detection point in each time period;
and a branch judging module: judging whether the fault line is a multi-branch line or a non-branch line: if the fault line is a multi-branch line, calculating the Tanimoto similarity of transient zero sequence current amplitude sequences of adjacent detection points before and after each branch node in the multi-branch line, and selecting one branch line as a fault branch according to a calculation result; if the fault line is a branch-free line, the branch-free line is a fault branch;
a section positioning module: calculating the Tanimoto similarity of the transient zero sequence current amplitude sequences of each adjacent detection point on the fault branch, judging the section where the fault is located according to the calculation result, and completing the positioning of the fault on the fault branch;
the section is divided according to acquisition and measurement terminals arranged along the line on a power distribution network line, the line between two adjacent acquisition and measurement terminals is a section, and each acquisition and measurement terminal is used as a detection point.
Compared with the prior art, the application has the beneficial effects that:
compared with the prior art, the small-current ground fault positioning method and system based on the Tanimoto similarity have the characteristics of simple algorithm, high positioning speed of the main station and low cost, are not influenced by transition resistance, fault positions and multi-branch line structures, and have high positioning precision.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a small current ground fault positioning method based on Tanimoto similarity according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a model circuit according to a first embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of an embodiment of the application 1 Circuit arrangementTransient zero sequence current waveforms of all detection points;
FIG. 4 is a diagram of an embodiment of the application 4 Transient zero sequence current waveforms of all detection points of the circuit.
Detailed Description
The application is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following examples are only for more clearly illustrating the technical aspects of the present application, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present application.
Tanimoto similarity, the similarity is calculated by Tanimoto coefficients, which are extended from Jaccard coefficients. Jaccard similarity coefficient (Jaccard similarity coefficient) is used to compare similarity to variability between limited sample sets. The larger the Jaccard coefficient value, the higher the sample similarity.
Embodiment one:
the fault line determination comprises the step of determining according to the zero sequence voltage mutation characteristics and the three-phase voltage relation acquired by the outlet terminal equipment of the transformer substation after the single-phase earth fault occurs.
As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment proposes a small current ground fault positioning method based on Tanimoto similarity, which includes the following steps:
s1, extracting transient zero sequence current data of each detection point of a preset time window (generally 1/2 or 1 power frequency cycle) after faults on a fault line.
S2, calculating transient zero sequence current amplitude values of all detection points in each time period according to transient zero sequence current data in each time period equally divided by the time window; the method comprises the following steps:
the transient zero-sequence current data in each time period comprises the transient zero-sequence current amplitude of the detection point at each moment in each time period, and then the transient zero-sequence current amplitude of the detection point in each time period comprises the following formula:
wherein I is 0i Transient zero sequence current amplitude for the ith time period detection pointI=1, 2, …, m, m is the total number of time periods; i.e 0 (k) The transient zero sequence current amplitude of the detection point at the kth moment in the ith time period is the transient zero sequence current amplitude of the detection point at the kth moment in the ith time period; n is the number of detection points in the ith time period.
S3, judging the fault line is a multi-branch line or a non-branch line,
if the transient zero-sequence current amplitude sequence is a multi-branch line, calculating the Tanimoto similarity of transient zero-sequence current amplitude sequences of detection points adjacent to each other before and after each branch node in the multi-branch line, and selecting a branch line with the largest Tanimoto similarity of the transient zero-sequence current amplitude sequences of the detection points adjacent to each other before and after each branch node in the multi-branch line as a fault branch;
if the branch line is not branched, the branch line is a fault branch line;
s4, calculating the Tanimoto similarity of the transient zero sequence current amplitude sequences of all adjacent detection points on the fault branch, selecting the minimum value of the Tanimoto similarity of the transient zero sequence current amplitude sequences of all the adjacent detection points on the fault branch, judging whether the minimum value is smaller than a preset threshold value,
if yes, the section between the adjacent detection points corresponding to the minimum value is a fault section;
if not, the downstream section of the last detection point on the fault branch is the fault section;
the threshold is an empirical value considering the error and margin, and may be generally set to 0.6-0.8.
The sections are divided according to acquisition and measurement terminals arranged along the line on a power distribution network line, the line between two adjacent acquisition and measurement terminals is a section, and each acquisition and measurement terminal is used as a detection point.
S5, positioning faults on the fault branch according to the sections;
in steps S3 and S4, the calculation of Tanimoto similarity includes:
transient zero sequence current amplitude sequence I for adjacent detection points x and x+1 x And I x+1 Normalization (to bring the numerical range in the sequence to [0,1 ]]To satisfy Tanimoto similarity requirements), the formula is as follows:
wherein I is x ＝{I 01x ，I 02x ，......，I 0mx }，I 0ix The transient zero sequence current amplitude of the ith time period of the x detection point; i x+1 ＝{I 01x+1 ，I 02x+1 ，......，I 0mx+1 }，I 0ix+1 The transient zero sequence current amplitude of the ith time period is the x+1 detection point; i x+2 ＝{I 01x+2 ，I 02x+2 ，......，I 0mx+2 }，I 0ix+2 The transient zero sequence current amplitude of the ith time period of the x+2 detection point;the transient zero sequence current amplitude of the ith time period of the x detection point after normalization processing; />The transient zero sequence current amplitude of the ith time period of the x+1 detection point after normalization processing; max (max (·)) is a maximum function;
according to the transient zero sequence current amplitude value normalized by the two detection pointsAnd->Calculate Tanimoto similarity +.>The formula is as follows:
。
the application will be further illustrated with reference to examples.
As shown in FIG. 2, in one specific application example, line L 1 、L 4 Is an overhead line L 2 Is a cable line L 3 The line parameters are shown in table 1 for the overhead cable hybrid line.
TABLE 1 model line parameters
Set L 1 Single-phase earth fault of line, for fault point f 1 Simulation was performed under different transition resistance conditions, and the positioning results are shown in table 2. As can be seen from table 2, under different transition resistances, the calculated similarity of the amplitude sequences of the detection points at two sides of the fault section is minimum, is smaller than the preset threshold value of 0.6-0.8, is far smaller than the similarity of the detection points at two sides of the non-fault section, is close to the similarity at the same side of the fault point, and has correct positioning result.
TABLE 2 positioning results
Simulation L 1 Single-phase earth fault f downstream of last detection point of line 2 Transient zero sequence currents of the transition resistance 200Ω at each detection point are shown in fig. 3, and data processing results obtained by calculation according to the positioning algorithm are shown in table 3.
TABLE 3 positioning results
It can be seen that the transient zero sequence current waveform similarity of each detection point after the line end fault occurs is high, the Tanimoto similarity calculated after the data compression processing is close to 1, and the transient zero sequence current amplitude sequence similarity of each section is close, so that the fault is judged to occur in the last section of the line.
When the line L 4 Single-phase earth fault f of earth fault on branch 3 When the grounding resistance is 200Ω, the fault initial phase angle is 72 °, the transient zero sequence current of the fault line related detection point is shown in fig. 4, the reference numerals in the drawing correspond to the numbers of the detection points, and the calculation result of the amplitude sequence similarity of each section is shown in table 4.
TABLE 4 positioning results
As shown in fig. 4 and table 4, at the branching node, the similarity of the amplitude sequences Tanimoto of the upper and lower detection points obviously exists τ (2, 5) not less than τ (2, 3), the waveforms of the detection points 2 and 3 are large in difference, the waveforms of the detection points 2 and 5 are small in difference, and the branch where the similarity is large, namely the detection points 2 and 5 are selected as the fault branch; the two detection point amplitude sequence similarities for each segment on the branch line were then compared as shown in table 4. Wherein the similarity corresponding to the section [5,6] is minimum and far smaller than a preset threshold, and the fault is judged to occur in the section [5,6], which is consistent with the theoretical analysis result and is accurate in positioning.
Embodiment two:
a Tanimoto similarity-based low current ground fault localization system comprising:
and a data acquisition module: extracting transient zero sequence current data of each detection point of a preset time window after a fault on a fault line;
and a data processing module: according to transient zero sequence current data in each time period of time window equipartition, calculating to obtain transient zero sequence current amplitude of each detection point in each time period;
and a branch judging module: judging that the fault line is a multi-branch line or a non-branch line, if the fault line is the multi-branch line, calculating the Tanimoto similarity of transient zero sequence current amplitude sequences of detection points adjacent to each other before and after each branch node in the multi-branch line, and further judging and selecting one of the branch lines as a fault branch; if the branch line is not branched, the branch line is a fault branch line;
the section judging module is used for: calculating the Tanimoto similarity of the transient zero sequence current amplitude sequences of each adjacent detection point on the fault branch, and further judging the fault section;
and a fault positioning module: positioning a fault on the fault branch according to the section;
the section is divided according to acquisition and measurement terminals arranged along the line on a power distribution network line, the line between two adjacent acquisition and measurement terminals is a section, and each acquisition and measurement terminal is used as a detection point.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that embodiments of the present application may be provided as a method, system, or computer program product. Accordingly, the present application may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present application may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, and the like) having computer-usable program code embodied therein.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present application, and it should be noted that modifications and variations could be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the technical principles of the present application, and such modifications and variations should also be regarded as being within the scope of the application.
Claims (5)
1. A method for locating a small current ground fault, comprising:
extracting transient zero sequence current data of each detection point in a preset time window after a fault on a fault line;
according to the transient zero sequence current data in each time period of the time window, calculating to obtain the transient zero sequence current amplitude of each detection point in each time period;
judging whether the fault line is a multi-branch line or a non-branch line: if the fault line is a multi-branch line, calculating the Tanimoto similarity of transient zero sequence current amplitude sequences of adjacent detection points before and after each branch node in the multi-branch line, and selecting one branch line as a fault branch according to a calculation result; if the fault line is a branch-free line, the branch-free line is a fault branch;
calculating the Tanimoto similarity of the transient zero sequence current amplitude sequences of each adjacent detection point on the fault branch, judging the section where the fault is located according to the calculation result, and completing the positioning of the fault on the fault branch;
the section is divided according to acquisition and measurement terminals arranged along the line on a power distribution network line, the line between two adjacent acquisition and measurement terminals is a section, and each acquisition and measurement terminal is used as a detection point;
the calculating the transient zero sequence current amplitude of each detection point in each time period according to the transient zero sequence current data in each time period of the time window comprises the following steps:
the transient zero-sequence current data in each time period comprises the transient zero-sequence current amplitude of the detection point at each moment in each time period, and the calculation formula of the transient zero-sequence current amplitude of the detection point in each time period is as follows:
wherein I is 0i The transient zero sequence current amplitude of the detection point in the ith time period is i=1, 2, …, m and m are the total number of time periods; i.e 0 (k) The transient zero sequence current amplitude of the detection point at the kth moment in the ith time period is the transient zero sequence current amplitude of the detection point at the kth moment in the ith time period; n is the number of detection points in the ith time period;
the calculation of the Tanimoto similarity comprises the following steps:
transient zero sequence current amplitude sequence I for adjacent detection points x and x+1 x And I x+1 Normalization processing is carried out, and the formula is as follows:
wherein I is x ＝{I 01x ，I 02x ，……，I 0mx }，I 0ix The transient zero sequence current amplitude of the ith time period of the x detection point; i x+1 ＝{I 01x+1 ，I 02x+1 ，……，I 0mx+1 }，I 0ix+1 The transient zero sequence current amplitude of the ith time period is the x+1 detection point; i x+2 ＝{I 01x+2 ，I 02x+2 ，……，I 0mx+2 }，I 0ix+2 The transient zero sequence current amplitude of the ith time period of the x+2 detection point;the transient zero sequence current amplitude of the ith time period of the x detection point after normalization processing; />The transient zero sequence current amplitude of the ith time period of the x+1 detection point after normalization processing; max (max (·)) is a maximum function;
normalizing the transient zero sequence current amplitude value according to the detection points x and x+1And->Calculate Tanimoto similarity +.>The calculation formula is as follows:
the selecting one of the branch lines as the fault branch line according to the calculation result includes:
selecting a branch line with the maximum Tanimoto similarity of transient zero sequence current amplitude sequences of adjacent detection points before and after each branch node in the multi-branch line as a fault branch;
the section for judging the fault according to the calculation result comprises the following steps:
selecting the minimum value of the Tanimoto similarity of the transient zero sequence current amplitude sequences of all adjacent detection points on the fault branch, judging whether the minimum value is smaller than a preset threshold value,
if yes, the section between the adjacent detection points corresponding to the minimum value is a fault section;
if not, the downstream section of the last detection point on the fault branch is the fault section.
2. The method for positioning a small current ground fault according to claim 1, wherein the preset time window is 1/2 or 1 power frequency cycle.
3. The method for positioning a small current grounding fault according to claim 1, wherein the determining of the fault line comprises determining according to the zero sequence voltage abrupt change characteristics collected by the outlet terminal equipment of the transformer substation and the three-phase voltage relationship after the single-phase grounding fault occurs.
4. The method for locating a small current ground fault according to claim 1, wherein the preset threshold value is in the range of 0.6-0.8.
5. A low current ground fault localization system, comprising:
and a data acquisition module: extracting transient zero sequence current data of each detection point in a preset time window after a fault on a fault line;
and a data processing module: according to the transient zero sequence current data in each time period of the time window, calculating to obtain the transient zero sequence current amplitude of each detection point in each time period;
and a branch judging module: judging whether the fault line is a multi-branch line or a non-branch line: if the fault line is a multi-branch line, calculating the Tanimoto similarity of transient zero sequence current amplitude sequences of adjacent detection points before and after each branch node in the multi-branch line, and selecting one branch line as a fault branch according to a calculation result; if the fault line is a branch-free line, the branch-free line is a fault branch;
a section positioning module: calculating the Tanimoto similarity of the transient zero sequence current amplitude sequences of each adjacent detection point on the fault branch, judging the section where the fault is located according to the calculation result, and completing the positioning of the fault on the fault branch;
the section is divided according to acquisition and measurement terminals arranged along the line on a power distribution network line, the line between two adjacent acquisition and measurement terminals is a section, and each acquisition and measurement terminal is used as a detection point;
the calculating the transient zero sequence current amplitude of each detection point in each time period according to the transient zero sequence current data in each time period of the time window comprises the following steps:
the transient zero-sequence current data in each time period comprises the transient zero-sequence current amplitude of the detection point at each moment in each time period, and the calculation formula of the transient zero-sequence current amplitude of the detection point in each time period is as follows:
wherein I is 0i The transient zero sequence current amplitude of the detection point in the ith time period is i=1, 2, …, m and m are the total number of time periods; i.e 0 (k) The transient zero sequence current amplitude of the detection point at the kth moment in the ith time period is the transient zero sequence current amplitude of the detection point at the kth moment in the ith time period; n is the number of detection points in the ith time period;
the calculation of the Tanimoto similarity comprises the following steps:
transient zero sequence current amplitude sequence I for adjacent detection points x and x+1 x And I x+1 Normalization processing is carried out, and the formula is as follows:
wherein I is x ＝{I 01x ，I 02x ，……，I 0mx }，I 0ix The transient zero sequence current amplitude of the ith time period of the x detection point; i x+1 ＝{I 01x+1 ，I 02x+1 ，……，I 0mx+1 }，I 0ix+1 The transient zero sequence current amplitude of the ith time period is the x+1 detection point; i x+2 ＝{I 01x+2 ，I 02x+2 ，……，I 0mx+2 }，I 0ix+2 The transient zero sequence current amplitude of the ith time period of the x+2 detection point;the transient zero sequence current amplitude of the ith time period of the x detection point after normalization processing; />The transient zero sequence current amplitude of the ith time period of the x+1 detection point after normalization processing; max (max (·)) is a maximum function;
normalizing the transient zero sequence current amplitude value according to the detection points x and x+1And->Calculate Tanimoto similarity +.>The calculation formula is as follows:
the selecting one of the branch lines as the fault branch line according to the calculation result includes:
selecting a branch line with the maximum Tanimoto similarity of transient zero sequence current amplitude sequences of adjacent detection points before and after each branch node in the multi-branch line as a fault branch;
the section for judging the fault according to the calculation result comprises the following steps:
selecting the minimum value of the Tanimoto similarity of the transient zero sequence current amplitude sequences of all adjacent detection points on the fault branch, judging whether the minimum value is smaller than a preset threshold value,
if yes, the section between the adjacent detection points corresponding to the minimum value is a fault section;
if not, the downstream section of the last detection point on the fault branch is the fault section.
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