CN108957244B - Single-phase earth fault line selection positioning method for distribution network main station - Google Patents
Single-phase earth fault line selection positioning method for distribution network main station Download PDFInfo
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- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/08—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks
- G01R31/081—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks according to type of conductors
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
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Abstract
The invention discloses a distribution network main station single-phase earth fault line selection positioning method. After receiving the remote signaling of the fault indication, the distribution network master station starts the false alarm prevention criterion and then starts a line selection positioning program for the real fault. The line selection positioning method comprises the steps of synthesizing zero-sequence current, determining a fault starting point by combining the effective value change of a three-phase electric field and the zero-sequence current mutation, and obtaining transient zero-sequence current after the fault through a band-pass filter. And sequencing all lines from large to small according to the effective values of the transient zero-sequence currents of the fault indicators at the respective initial ends, calculating the correlation coefficient of the transient zero-sequence currents between the devices at the initial ends of the lines in pairs to obtain a fault line selection result, and finally determining the fault position in the fault line. The invention can filter the misinformation when the fault is not detected, and is not influenced by the neutral point grounding mode and the single-phase grounding fault mode, and the line selection positioning effect is reliable and accurate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a distribution network main station single-phase earth fault line selection positioning method, in particular to a distribution network main station single-phase earth fault line selection positioning method based on a transient recording type fault indicator.
Background
The distribution network in China widely adopts a neutral point non-effective grounding operation mode, and the neutral point is mainly grounded without grounding or through an arc suppression coil. When a single-phase earth fault occurs, the line voltage still keeps symmetrical, so that the operation is generally allowed to continue for 1-2h, but in order to prevent the fault expansion caused by the rise of the phase voltage, the line selection and the fault location should be carried out quickly.
The problems existing in the current fault line selection and positioning are as follows: (1) the transient recording type fault indicator has frequent and universal false alarm conditions, and in order to ensure effective monitoring of the operation condition of a distribution network, screening of reported faults is required to be added; (2) due to sampling errors and the fact that fault characteristics may be unobvious, line selection and positioning cannot be accurately performed in time.
There are additional prior art documents: a power distribution network single-phase earth fault research and judgment method based on correlation coefficient analysis and experimental research are disclosed, wherein the research is Xicheng et al, Zhejiang electric power, 36, 3 rd date, 2017, 03 and 25 months.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a distribution network main station single-phase earth fault line selection positioning method, which aims to solve the technical problems that: (1) the false alarm condition is avoided; (2) and accurately selecting lines and positioning faults in time.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a distribution network main station single-phase earth fault line selection positioning method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: after the overhead line of the distribution network has a single-phase earth fault, the fault indicator starts wave recording and sends remote signaling deflection to a distribution network main station after the wave recording is finished; after receiving the remote signaling, the master station calculates a topological relation according to the corresponding relation between the fault indicator and the line equipment and the on-off state of the distribution network at the moment, judges whether the fault indicator is a false alarm or not according to the topological relation, and enters a second step if the fault indicator is not a false alarm;
step two: calling a wave recording file of the current fault from a fault indicator for starting wave recording by the master station; according to the real-time topological relation, finding a wave recording file of a fault indicator which is closest to a bus in each line, namely a fault indicator at the starting end, analyzing A, B, C three-phase electric fields and three-phase currents, and synthesizing zero-sequence currents;
step three: searching a fault starting point: firstly, calculating a half cycle effective value of a three-phase electric field of each line starting end fault indicator A, B, C, then determining a fault starting time period according to the change of the effective value, and then determining a fault starting point according to the mutation of zero-sequence current in the fault starting time period;
step four: taking data of a cycle where a zero-sequence current fault starting point of each line starting end fault indicator is located as original data containing transient state, and filtering steady-state components in the original data through a band-pass filter with a linear phase to obtain transient state zero-sequence current after fault;
step five: respectively calculating effective values of transient zero-sequence currents after the fault indicator at the initial end of each line breaks down, and sorting the effective values of the transient zero-sequence currents from big to small; taking the line with the maximum effective value of the transient zero-sequence current as a reference line, and sequentially calculating correlation coefficients of the transient zero-sequence current between other lines and the reference line; obtaining a fault line selection result on the basis that the polarity of a fault line is opposite to that of all non-fault lines, namely the correlation coefficient is smaller than 0, and the polarity of the non-fault lines is the same, namely the correlation coefficient is larger than 0;
step six: for the selected fault line, sequentially calculating the transient zero-sequence current normalized correlation coefficient of each two adjacent devices from the fault indicator at the initial end of the line; determining a fault position by using the principle that the transient zero-sequence currents of adjacent equipment before a fault point are highly correlated and the transient zero-sequence currents of the equipment before and after the fault point are lowly correlated; the transient zero-sequence current calculation method of the equipment is the same as the second to the fourth steps.
As a further improvement of the invention: the method for judging whether the false alarm exists in the first step comprises the following steps:
if the half number of the lines connected with one bus is more than 3 and the fault indicators of the lines connected with more than half number of the buses start wave recording, the false alarm is not carried out;
if the half number of the lines connected with one bus is less than 3 and more than 3 fault indicators in the connected lines start wave recording, the false alarm is not given.
As a further improvement of the invention: the specific method for searching the fault starting point in the third step is as follows:
(3-1) respectively calculating A, B, C effective values of half cycle of three-phase electric field, and setting UAk-1、UAkAnd UAk+1Respectively representing the k-1, k and k +1 half cycle wave effective values of the A-phase electric field to calculate the burst variable UAk+1-UAk-1If the mutation amount exceeds a preset threshold value, k and k +1 are fault initial time periods;
(3-2) when A, B, C three-phase electric field half-cycle effective value burst UAk+1-UAk-1、UBk+1-UBk-1、UCk+1-UCk-1If the k and k +1 half cycles exceed the threshold, determining that the k and k +1 half cycles are the cycles where the failure starting point is located;
and (3-3) calculating the maximum value of the amplitude of the zero-sequence current in a cycle wave formed by the k-th half cycle wave and the k + 1-th half cycle wave of the zero-sequence current, wherein a sampling point corresponding to the maximum value is a fault starting point.
As a further improvement of the invention: the band-pass filter in the fourth step is an FIR filter.
As a further improvement of the invention: the calculation formula of the correlation coefficient in the step five is as follows:
in the formula, x (n) and y (n) are respectively the nth sampling point value of the transient zero-sequence current of the two line starting end devices participating in the calculation, and n is the sampling point serial number.
As a further improvement of the invention: the calculation formula of the normalized correlation coefficient in the sixth step is as follows:
in the formula, x (n) and y (n) are respectively the nth sampling point value of the transient zero-sequence currents of the two devices participating in the calculation, and n is the sampling point number.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following positive effects: (1) after receiving the remote signaling of starting wave recording of the fault indicator, the distribution network master station judges whether the fault indicator is a false alarm, so that the phenomenon of false alarm of the current prominent fault indicator is avoided, the realization of the error judgment can utilize an existing equipment model and a topology calculation module of the distribution network master station, no additional design is needed, the investment is low, and the maintenance is facilitated; (2) the method for searching the fault initial point by combining the change of the effective electric field value and the current mutation can not only fully utilize the fault characteristics of each physical quantity, but also effectively avoid the influence of large sampling error of a single signal and unobvious fault characteristics on the result; (3) transient zero-sequence current after the fault is accurately obtained through a band-pass filter with a linear phase, so that the signal is not distorted, and the reliability of a subsequent algorithm is ensured; (4) firstly sorting effective values to preliminarily select a fault line by utilizing the characteristics of large difference of transient capacitive current amplitudes and opposite phases of a fault line and a non-fault line, and then verifying and correcting errors by calculating correlation coefficients; (5) and finally, determining the fault position by using the normalized correlation coefficient by using the characteristics of large amplitude difference and opposite polarities of the transient zero-sequence currents before and after the fault point.
In summary, the invention provides a distribution network main station single-phase earth fault line selection positioning method based on a transient recording type fault indicator, which can not only filter out error reporting of faults except for faults, but also can accurately select and position lines in time after the faults occur, is not influenced by a neutral point earth mode and a single-phase earth fault mode, and has reliable and accurate line selection positioning effect.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is explained in detail as follows:
a distribution network main station single-phase earth fault line selection positioning method is particularly a distribution network main station single-phase earth fault line selection positioning method based on a transient recording type fault indicator.
At present, transient recording type fault indicators are generally installed on overhead lines of a power distribution network. After the single-phase earth fault occurs, the change of the phase voltage triggers the three-phase acquisition unit to complete transient fault recording, and the collection unit uploads recording data to the distribution network main station. The high coverage rate of the fault indicator in the power distribution network and the strong data storage and processing capacity of the main station of the power distribution network enable the transient component in the recording signal of the fault indicator to be extracted to achieve single-phase earth fault line selection and positioning, and the method has strong practicability.
The method comprises the following specific steps:
the method comprises the following steps: after the overhead line of the distribution network has a single-phase earth fault, the fault indicator starts wave recording and sends remote signaling deflection to a distribution network main station after the wave recording is finished; after receiving the remote signaling, the master station calculates a topological relation according to the corresponding relation between the fault indicator and the line equipment and the on-off state of the distribution network at the moment, judges whether the topological relation is false alarm or not, enters the second step if the topological relation is not false alarm, and otherwise, ends the process;
the method for judging whether the false alarm exists is as follows:
if the half number of the lines connected with one bus is more than 3 and the fault indicators of the lines connected with more than half number of the buses start wave recording, the false alarm is not carried out;
if the half number of the lines connected with one bus is less than 3 and more than 3 fault indicators in the connected lines start wave recording, the false alarm is not given.
The recording data uploaded to the distribution network main station by the fault indicator comprises A, B, C three-phase electric fields and three-phase currents which are not less than 4 cycles before the fault and 8 cycles after the fault.
Step two: calling a wave recording file of the current fault from a fault indicator for starting wave recording by the master station; according to the real-time topological relation, a wave recording file of a fault indicator which is closest to a bus in each line, namely a fault indicator at the starting end is found, A, B, C three-phase electric fields and three-phase currents are analyzed, and zero-sequence currents are synthesized.
Step three: searching a fault starting point: calculating the effective value of half cycle (fundamental cycle, the same below) of the three-phase electric field of each line start-end fault indicator A, B, C, determining the fault start time period according to the change of the effective value, and determining the fault start point according to the sudden change of the zero-sequence current in the fault start time period;
the specific method for searching the fault starting point comprises the following steps:
(3-1) respectively calculating A, B, C effective values of half cycle of three-phase electric field, and setting UAk-1、UAkAnd UAk+1Respectively representing the k-1, k and k +1 half cycle wave effective values of the A-phase electric field to calculate the burst variable UAk+1-UAk-1If the mutation amount exceeds a preset threshold value, k and k +1 are fault initial time periods;
(3-2) when A, B, C three-phase electric field half-cycle effective value burst UAk+1-UAk-1、UBk+1-UBk-1、UCk+1-UCk-1If the k and k +1 half cycles exceed the threshold, determining that the k and k +1 half cycles are the cycles where the failure starting point is located;
and (3-3) calculating the maximum value of the amplitude of the zero-sequence current in a cycle wave formed by the k-th half cycle wave and the k + 1-th half cycle wave of the zero-sequence current, wherein a sampling point corresponding to the maximum value is a fault starting point.
When the single-phase earth fault occurs, the zero-sequence steady-state electric quantity amplitude is small, and the fault line selection method using the zero-sequence steady-state component is low in accuracy. Transient current is several to ten times larger than steady current, and line selection is carried out based on transient signals, so that accuracy is high and the influence of arc suppression coils is avoided.
Step four: taking data of a cycle where a zero-sequence current fault starting point of each line starting end fault indicator is located as original data containing transient state, and filtering steady-state components in the original data through a band-pass filter with a linear phase to obtain transient state zero-sequence current after fault; specifically, the method comprises the following steps:
(4-1) comprehensively considering the frequency range (300-1500Hz) of the transient current of the single-phase earth fault of the overhead line of the distribution network and the sampling frequency 4096Hz of the fault indicator, designing a linear-phase band-pass FIR filter to ensure that the filtered signal is not distorted;
and (4-2) taking data of a cycle near the beginning point of the zero-sequence current fault as an input signal, and obtaining the transient zero-sequence current through the filter designed in the step (4-1).
The single-phase earth fault caused by insulation breakdown often occurs near the peak value of the phase voltage, and the transient capacitance current component in the fault zero-sequence current is large. The free oscillation frequency (main frequency) of the transient capacitance current is related to the length, the structure, the grounding resistance, the grounding point and the like of the power distribution network line, namely the main frequency is not fixed. For overhead lines of distribution networks, the free oscillation frequency of the transient current is generally in the range of 300-1500Hz, and the longer the line, the lower the frequency. The sampling frequency of the current transient recording type fault indicator is generally 4096Hz, and the sampling maximum effective frequency is 4096/3-1365 Hz because the sinusoidal signal is sampled. A. B, C the error of three-phase sampling synchronization is 100 mus. Under the conditions of low sampling frequency, poor high-frequency signal resolution and large inter-phase synchronization error and low sampling precision, the effective value is used for judgment, and the method is more suitable for using the instantaneous value.
Step five: respectively calculating effective values of transient zero-sequence currents after the fault indicator at the initial end of each line breaks down, and sorting the effective values of the transient zero-sequence currents from big to small; taking the line with the maximum effective value of the transient zero-sequence current as a reference line, and sequentially calculating correlation coefficients of the transient zero-sequence current between other lines and the reference line; obtaining a fault line selection result on the basis that the polarity of a fault line is opposite to that of all non-fault lines, namely the correlation coefficient is smaller than 0, and the polarity of the non-fault lines is the same, namely the correlation coefficient is larger than 0;
the correlation coefficient is calculated by the formula:
in the formula, x (n) and y (n) are respectively the nth sampling point value of the transient zero-sequence current of the two line starting end devices participating in the calculation, and n is the sampling point serial number.
Step six: for the selected fault line, sequentially calculating the transient zero-sequence current normalized correlation coefficient of each two adjacent devices from the fault indicator at the initial end of the line; determining a fault position by using the principle that the transient zero-sequence currents of adjacent equipment before a fault point are highly correlated and the transient zero-sequence currents of the equipment before and after the fault point are lowly correlated; the transient zero-sequence current calculation method of the equipment is the same as the second to the fourth steps;
the calculation formula of the normalized correlation coefficient is as follows:
in the formula, x (n) and y (n) are respectively the nth sampling point value of the transient zero-sequence currents of the two devices participating in the calculation, and n is the sampling point number.
The above is an embodiment of the present invention, and the principle of the present invention is described in more detail, and all changes made according to the technical scheme of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention. The protection scope of the present invention should be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (3)
1. A distribution network main station single-phase earth fault line selection positioning method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: after the overhead line of the distribution network has a single-phase earth fault, the fault indicator starts wave recording and sends remote signaling deflection to a distribution network main station after the wave recording is finished; after receiving the remote signaling, the master station calculates a topological relation according to the corresponding relation between the fault indicator and the line equipment and the on-off state of the distribution network at the moment, judges whether the fault indicator is a false alarm or not according to the topological relation, and enters a second step if the fault indicator is not a false alarm;
the method for judging whether the false alarm exists is as follows:
if the half number of the lines connected with one bus is more than 3 and the fault indicators of the lines connected with more than half number of the buses start wave recording, the false alarm is not carried out;
if the half number of the lines connected with one bus is less than 3 and more than 3 fault indicators in the connected lines start wave recording, the false alarm is not given;
step two: calling a wave recording file of the current fault from a fault indicator for starting wave recording by the master station; according to the real-time topological relation, finding a wave recording file of a fault indicator which is closest to a bus in each line, namely a fault indicator at the starting end, analyzing A, B, C three-phase electric fields and three-phase currents, and synthesizing zero-sequence currents;
step three: searching a fault starting point: firstly, calculating a half cycle effective value of a three-phase electric field of each line starting end fault indicator A, B, C, then determining a fault starting time period according to the change of the effective value, and then determining a fault starting point according to the mutation of zero-sequence current in the fault starting time period;
the specific method for searching the fault starting point comprises the following steps:
(3-1) respectively calculating A, B, C effective values of half cycle of three-phase electric field, and setting UAk-1、UAkAnd UAk+1Respectively representing the k-1, k and k +1 half cycle wave effective values of the A-phase electric field to calculate the burst variable UAk+1-UAk-1If the mutation amount exceeds a preset threshold value, k and k +1 are fault initial time periods;
(3-2) when A, B, C three-phase electric field half-cycle effective value burst UAk+1-UAk-1、UBk+1-UBk-1、UCk+1-UCk-1If the k and k +1 half cycles exceed the threshold, determining that the k and k +1 half cycles are the cycles where the failure starting point is located;
(3-3) calculating the maximum value of the amplitude of the zero-sequence current in a cycle wave formed by the k-th half cycle wave and the k + 1-th half cycle wave of the zero-sequence current, wherein a sampling point corresponding to the maximum value is a fault starting point;
step four: taking data of a cycle where a zero-sequence current fault starting point of each line starting end fault indicator is located as original data containing transient state, and filtering steady-state components in the original data through a band-pass filter with a linear phase to obtain transient state zero-sequence current after fault; the band-pass filter is an FIR filter;
step five: respectively calculating effective values of transient zero-sequence currents after the fault indicator at the initial end of each line breaks down, and sorting the effective values of the transient zero-sequence currents from big to small; taking the line with the maximum effective value of the transient zero-sequence current as a reference line, and sequentially calculating correlation coefficients of the transient zero-sequence current between other lines and the reference line; obtaining a fault line selection result on the basis that the polarity of a fault line is opposite to that of all non-fault lines, namely the correlation coefficient is smaller than 0, and the polarity of the non-fault lines is the same, namely the correlation coefficient is larger than 0;
step six: for the selected fault line, sequentially calculating the transient zero-sequence current normalized correlation coefficient of each two adjacent devices from the fault indicator at the initial end of the line; determining a fault position by using the principle that the transient zero-sequence currents of adjacent equipment before a fault point are highly correlated and the transient zero-sequence currents of the equipment before and after the fault point are lowly correlated; the transient zero-sequence current calculation method of the equipment is the same as the second to the fourth steps.
2. The distribution network main station single-phase earth fault line selection positioning method of claim 1, characterized in that the calculation formula of the correlation coefficient in the fifth step is as follows:
in the formula, x (n) and y (n) are respectively the nth sampling point value of the transient zero-sequence current of the two line starting end devices participating in the calculation, and n is the sampling point serial number.
3. The distribution network main station single-phase earth fault line selection positioning method of claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the calculation formula of the normalized correlation coefficient in the sixth step is as follows:
in the formula, x (n) and y (n) are respectively the nth sampling point value of the transient zero-sequence currents of the two devices participating in the calculation, and n is the sampling point number.
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