CN113187853A - 一种液控旋转轴动力自适应减振器及减振方法 - Google Patents

一种液控旋转轴动力自适应减振器及减振方法 Download PDF

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CN113187853A
CN113187853A CN202110466089.0A CN202110466089A CN113187853A CN 113187853 A CN113187853 A CN 113187853A CN 202110466089 A CN202110466089 A CN 202110466089A CN 113187853 A CN113187853 A CN 113187853A
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sliding block
connecting rod
rod
adaptive
cylinder
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盛冬平
陆凤霞
鲍和云
徐红丽
胡少刚
何亚峰
门艳忠
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Changzhou Institute of Technology
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16FSPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F15/00Suppression of vibrations in systems; Means or arrangements for avoiding or reducing out-of-balance forces, e.g. due to motion
    • F16F15/10Suppression of vibrations in rotating systems by making use of members moving with the system
    • F16F15/12Suppression of vibrations in rotating systems by making use of members moving with the system using elastic members or friction-damping members, e.g. between a rotating shaft and a gyratory mass mounted thereon
    • F16F15/131Suppression of vibrations in rotating systems by making use of members moving with the system using elastic members or friction-damping members, e.g. between a rotating shaft and a gyratory mass mounted thereon the rotating system comprising two or more gyratory masses
    • F16F15/13128Suppression of vibrations in rotating systems by making use of members moving with the system using elastic members or friction-damping members, e.g. between a rotating shaft and a gyratory mass mounted thereon the rotating system comprising two or more gyratory masses the damping action being at least partially controlled by centrifugal masses
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16FSPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F15/00Suppression of vibrations in systems; Means or arrangements for avoiding or reducing out-of-balance forces, e.g. due to motion
    • F16F15/10Suppression of vibrations in rotating systems by making use of members moving with the system
    • F16F15/12Suppression of vibrations in rotating systems by making use of members moving with the system using elastic members or friction-damping members, e.g. between a rotating shaft and a gyratory mass mounted thereon
    • F16F15/131Suppression of vibrations in rotating systems by making use of members moving with the system using elastic members or friction-damping members, e.g. between a rotating shaft and a gyratory mass mounted thereon the rotating system comprising two or more gyratory masses
    • F16F15/133Suppression of vibrations in rotating systems by making use of members moving with the system using elastic members or friction-damping members, e.g. between a rotating shaft and a gyratory mass mounted thereon the rotating system comprising two or more gyratory masses using springs as elastic members, e.g. metallic springs
    • F16F15/134Wound springs
    • F16F15/1343Wound springs characterised by the spring mounting
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16FSPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F15/00Suppression of vibrations in systems; Means or arrangements for avoiding or reducing out-of-balance forces, e.g. due to motion
    • F16F15/10Suppression of vibrations in rotating systems by making use of members moving with the system
    • F16F15/12Suppression of vibrations in rotating systems by making use of members moving with the system using elastic members or friction-damping members, e.g. between a rotating shaft and a gyratory mass mounted thereon
    • F16F15/131Suppression of vibrations in rotating systems by making use of members moving with the system using elastic members or friction-damping members, e.g. between a rotating shaft and a gyratory mass mounted thereon the rotating system comprising two or more gyratory masses
    • F16F15/133Suppression of vibrations in rotating systems by making use of members moving with the system using elastic members or friction-damping members, e.g. between a rotating shaft and a gyratory mass mounted thereon the rotating system comprising two or more gyratory masses using springs as elastic members, e.g. metallic springs
    • F16F15/134Wound springs
    • F16F15/13469Combinations of dampers, e.g. with multiple plates, multiple spring sets, i.e. complex configurations
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16FSPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F15/00Suppression of vibrations in systems; Means or arrangements for avoiding or reducing out-of-balance forces, e.g. due to motion
    • F16F15/10Suppression of vibrations in rotating systems by making use of members moving with the system
    • F16F15/16Suppression of vibrations in rotating systems by making use of members moving with the system using a fluid or pasty material
    • F16F15/161Suppression of vibrations in rotating systems by making use of members moving with the system using a fluid or pasty material characterised by the fluid damping devices, e.g. passages, orifices
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16FSPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F2228/00Functional characteristics, e.g. variability, frequency-dependence
    • F16F2228/04Frequency effects
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16FSPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F2228/00Functional characteristics, e.g. variability, frequency-dependence
    • F16F2228/06Stiffness
    • F16F2228/066Variable stiffness

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种液控旋转轴动力自适应减振器及减振方法。该减振器包括若干个结构相同的减振模块,减振模块包括呈弧形的轨道座、滑动块、连杆,轨道座的和滑动块通过轨道机构相连,滑动块可以其旋转中心轴进行旋转,滑动块的内部对称设置有弧形通道,两个弧形通道中均安装有推杆,推杆和同侧的安装座之间设置有弹簧,滑动块上安装有缸筒,缸筒上配合安装有活塞杆,左推杆、右推杆、滑动块、缸筒和活塞杆组成的封闭区域为液控区域,缸筒两侧的滑动块上分别固定安装有支架,连杆的一端设置有腰孔并通过该腰孔与活塞杆铰接,连杆的另一端设有离心块,连杆的中部与支架铰接。本发明便于安装,能够根据旋转轴的转速变化自动获得最优的减振降噪效果。

Description

一种液控旋转轴动力自适应减振器及减振方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种减振器及减振方法,特别涉及一种用于旋转轴减振的减振器及减振方法。
背景技术
齿轮轴传动系统广泛应用于各类传动系统,但由于各种因素,包括加工精度、偏心力和外部啮合激励等因素,导致传动系统存在一定的振动和噪声,该振动和噪声不论是对军用还是民用装备都有着严重的影响。
为了尽可能降低设备的传动系统在工作时的振动和噪声水平,目前主要采用增加阻尼的方式来实现减振降噪,该类减振方式属于被动减振,效果不明显。为了能够针对传动系统在不同转速下的工作频率导致的振动,需要设计一种能够根据转速的变化自动适应且易于安装的减振器。
发明内容
本发明的技术方案用于解决如下技术问题中的一种或多种:
1)实现能够根据不同旋转速度自动调整动力减振器的固有频率,从而实现无外部干涉条件下的减振;
2)实现了减振器的便携式装配,即当传动系统需要进行减振时,直接将该减振模块安装于传动轴上即可达到减振效果;
3)该减振器采用了径向串联紧凑型结构布局,显著降低了减振器的占用空间。
为实现上述目的,本发明提供如下技术方案:
一种液控旋转轴动力自适应减振器,包括若干个结构相同的减振模块,所述减振模块包括呈弧形的轨道座、滑动块、两个结构相同的连杆,轨道座的外侧弧形面和滑动块的内侧弧形面通过轨道机构相连,滑动块可以其旋转中心轴进行旋转,轨道座的两端面处均固定安装有安装座,滑动块的内部对称设置有弧形通道,两个弧形通道中均安装有推杆,推杆和同侧的安装座之间设置有弹簧,所述滑动块上安装有缸筒,缸筒上配合安装有活塞杆,所述左推杆、右推杆、滑动块、缸筒和活塞杆组成的封闭区域为液控区域,缸筒两侧的滑动块上分别固定安装有支架,连杆的一端设置有腰孔并通过该腰孔与活塞杆铰接,连杆的另一端设有离心块,连杆的中部与所述支架铰接。
进一步的,包括两个结构相同的减振模块,即上半减振模块和下半减振模块,上半减振模块和下半减振模块通过安装座对接。
进一步的,所述滑动块的内侧弧形面上设置有呈倒T字形的凸起结构,所述呈倒T字形的凸起结构具有轨道配合面,所述轨道座的外侧弧形面上设置有呈倒T字形的凹槽结构,所述呈倒T字形的凹槽结构具有轨道槽,所述滑动块和轨道座通过轨道配合面与轨道槽配合安装在一起。
进一步的,所述连杆上还设置有限位件,所述限位件设置于连杆与支架的铰接位置的外侧,所述外侧为更靠近该连杆的离心块的一侧。
上述液控旋转轴动力自适应减振器的减振方法,包括:
将若干个减振模块首尾相连环绕安装于旋转轴上,构成一组完整的减振系统;
当系统开始旋转达到频率ω1时,两个离心块开始在偏心距的作用下产生离心力F,该离心力F通过连杆传递给活塞杆,活塞杆通过液控区域的液压油驱动推杆推动弹簧压缩,直到动态平衡;
当频率ω1增加时,减振模块的固有频率ω2也同步增加,通过离心块-连杆-活塞机构控制弹簧的压缩量,从而使得ω1和ω2相等或者接近,减振系统根据转速的不同,自动产生适应匹配的固有频率;
当转速逐渐减小为零时,推杆在弹簧的作用下回位,并最终驱动连杆回到初始位置。
进一步的,弹簧为非线性变刚度弹簧,其刚度k随压缩量的增大而增大。
进一步的,所述连杆上还设置有限位件,所述限位件具有限位面,当转速逐渐减小为零时,所述限位面与支架接触,限制其终了的极限位置。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果是:
1、根据偏心质量块在旋转作用下产生的离心力的原理,设计了利用杠杆驱动活塞,从而利用内部油压推动环形推杆压缩变螺距变刚度的压簧,实现了动力减振器中刚度的变化,从而控制了减振模块固有频率的变化,使得其与外部激励频率接近或等同,最终达到在一定转速范围内,减振器能够根据转速自动调整自身的固有频率,并与系统的激励频率接近或等同,从而实现减振降噪的效果;即本发明能够根据旋转轴的转速变化自动获得最优的减振降噪效果;
2、采用径向串联的圆环紧凑型结构布局,占用空间小。当需要减振时,可以直接将减振器固定安装在传动轴上,方便拆卸和维护。
附图说明
图1是液控旋转轴动力自适应减振器总成图;
图2是液控旋转轴动力自适应减振器总成分解图;
图3是减振模块总成图;
图4是减振模块分解图;
图5是减振子模块结构图;
图6是减振子模块主视图;
图7是减振子模块分解图;
图8是减振子模块剖面图;
图9是减振子模块侧视图;
图10是滑动块结构图;
图11是轨道座结构图。
图中标记:1、左安装座;2、右安装座;3、右弹簧;4、轨道座;5、左弹簧;6、左推杆;7、右推杆;8、滑动块;9、左支架;10、右支架;11、缸筒;12、左销钉;13、右销钉;14、左离心块;15、左连杆;16、右离心块;17、右连杆;18、活塞杆;19、左销轴;20、右销轴;21、销孔A;22、销孔B;23、销孔C;24、销孔D;25、腰孔E;26、腰孔F;27、销孔G;28、销孔H;29、限位面;30、左限位台阶;31、右限位台阶;32、弧形通道;33、轨道配合面;34、轨道槽。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明作进一步详细说明。
如图1-2所示,本实施例的旋转轴动力自适应减振器安装于齿轮传动系统中,从图中可以看出,减振器安装在靠近齿轮的一端。该齿轮传动系统主要包括传动轴、减振总成和齿轮。
该自适应减振器包括若干个结构相同的减振模块,本实施例以如图3所示的包括2个减振模块的自适应减振器为例进行说明,具体子模块的数量可以根据实际需要确定,本实施例分为上半减振模块和下半减振模块,两者的结构完全一样。
减振模块的结构如图4-9所示,左安装座1和右安装座2分别通过螺钉安装在轨道座4的两端面上,左安装座1上设置有左限位台阶30,右安装座2上设置有右限位台阶31,左推杆6和右推杆7分别安装在滑动块8的内部弧形通道32中(如图10所示)。左弹簧5安装在左推杆6和左安装座1之间,并左限位台阶30限位,右弹簧3安装在右推杆7和右安装座2之间,并由右限位台阶31限位。滑动块8通过图10中所示的轨道配合面33与图11中所示的轨道槽34配合安装在一起,这样滑动块8可以其旋转中心轴进行旋转。
缸筒11通过底部固定安装在滑动块8的外侧孔内,活塞杆18通过其外圆面安装在缸筒11的内圆中。左支架9和右支架10则固定安装在滑动块8的外圆面上,左连杆15中的销孔C23和活塞杆18的销孔A21通过左销钉12连接在一起,同时左连杆15中腰孔E25和活塞杆18的销孔G27通过左销轴19连接在一起。右连杆17的销孔D24和右支架10的销孔B22通过右销钉13连接在一起,同时右连杆17的腰孔F26和活塞杆18的销孔H28通过右销轴20连接在一起。左离心块14固定安装在左连杆15的端部,右离心块16固定安装在右连杆17的端部。
图7为减振子模块的剖面图,图中显示的液控区域为由左推杆6、右推杆7、滑动块8、缸筒11和活塞杆18组成的封闭区域为液压油的存储空间。
系统的工作原理如下:
1)两个减振子模块通过左右安装座1和2对接安装在传动轴上,构成一组完整的减振系统;
2)当系统开始旋转达到一定频率ω1时,左右离心块14和16开始在偏心距的作用下产生离心力F,该离心力F通过左连杆15、右连杆17、销轴19和20传递给活塞杆18,活塞杆18通过液控区域的液压油驱动左推杆6推动左弹簧5压缩,同时驱动右推杆7推动右弹簧3压缩,直到动态平衡;
3)由于弹簧3和5为非线性变刚度弹簧,具有压缩量越大,其刚度k也越大的特性。由于滑动块8的重量不会变化,故根据固有频率公式
Figure BDA0003044038920000041
当转速ω1增加,离心力F也同步增加,弹簧3和5的压缩量也随之增加,从而使得刚度k增加,最后通过固有频率公式可知,减振模块的固有频率ω2也同步增加,并通过详细结构设计,确保在一定的转速范围内,能够通过质量块-连杆-活塞机构控制弹簧的压缩量,从而使得ω1和ω2相等或者接近,最终使得减振系统能够根据转速的不同,自动产生适应匹配的固有频率,达到减振降噪的效果;
当转速逐渐减小为零时,左推杆6和右推杆7在弹簧3和5的作用下回位,并最终驱动连杆15和17回到初始位置,图6中连杆15和16的限位面29与支架9和10接触,限制其终了极限位置。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已,并不用以限制本发明。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (7)

1.一种液控旋转轴动力自适应减振器,其特征在于,包括若干个结构相同的减振模块,所述减振模块包括呈弧形的轨道座、滑动块、两个结构相同的连杆,轨道座的外侧弧形面和滑动块的内侧弧形面通过轨道机构相连,滑动块可以其旋转中心轴进行旋转,轨道座的两端面处均固定安装有安装座,滑动块的内部对称设置有弧形通道,两个弧形通道中均安装有推杆,推杆和同侧的安装座之间设置有弹簧,所述滑动块上安装有缸筒,缸筒上配合安装有活塞杆,所述左推杆、右推杆、滑动块、缸筒和活塞杆组成的封闭区域为液控区域,缸筒两侧的滑动块上分别固定安装有支架,连杆的一端设置有腰孔并通过该腰孔与活塞杆铰接,连杆的另一端设有离心块,连杆的中部与所述支架铰接。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种液控旋转轴动力自适应减振器,其特征在于,包括两个结构相同的减振模块,即上半减振模块和下半减振模块,上半减振模块和下半减振模块通过安装座对接。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种液控旋转轴动力自适应减振器,其特征在于,所述滑动块的内侧弧形面上设置有呈倒T字形的凸起结构,所述呈倒T字形的凸起结构具有轨道配合面,所述轨道座的外侧弧形面上设置有呈倒T字形的凹槽结构,所述呈倒T字形的凹槽结构具有轨道槽,所述滑动块和轨道座通过轨道配合面与轨道槽配合安装在一起。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种液控旋转轴动力自适应减振器,其特征在于,所述连杆上还设置有限位件,所述限位件设置于连杆与支架的铰接位置的外侧,所述外侧为更靠近该连杆的离心块的一侧。
5.权利要求1至4中任意一项所述液控旋转轴动力自适应减振器的减振方法,其特征在于,包括:
将若干个减振模块首尾相连环绕安装于旋转轴上,构成一组完整的减振系统;
当系统开始旋转达到频率ω1时,两个离心块开始在偏心距的作用下产生离心力F,该离心力F通过连杆传递给活塞杆,活塞杆通过液控区域的液压油驱动推杆推动弹簧压缩,直到动态平衡;
当频率ω1增加时,减振模块的固有频率ω2也同步增加,通过离心块-连杆-活塞机构控制弹簧的压缩量,从而使得ω1和ω2相等或者接近,减振系统根据转速的不同,自动产生适应匹配的固有频率;
当转速逐渐减小为零时,推杆在弹簧的作用下回位,并最终驱动连杆回到初始位置。
6.权利要求5所述的减振方法,其特征在于,弹簧为非线性变刚度弹簧,其刚度k随压缩量的增大而增大。
7.权利要求5所述的减振方法,其特征在于,所述连杆上还设置有限位件,所述限位件具有限位面,当转速逐渐减小为零时,所述限位面与支架接触,限制其终了的极限位置。
CN202110466089.0A 2021-04-28 2021-04-28 一种液控旋转轴动力自适应减振器及减振方法 Withdrawn CN113187853A (zh)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115180041A (zh) * 2022-08-19 2022-10-14 沈阳航空航天大学 一种管柱攀爬巡检机器人

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115180041A (zh) * 2022-08-19 2022-10-14 沈阳航空航天大学 一种管柱攀爬巡检机器人
CN115180041B (zh) * 2022-08-19 2023-11-07 沈阳航空航天大学 一种管柱攀爬巡检机器人

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