CN113181192A - 偏诺皂苷类化合物的应用 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明属于医药技术领域,具体公开一种偏诺皂苷类化合物及其药学上可接受的盐在制备治疗类风湿性关节炎药物中的应用。体内外研究表明,偏诺皂苷类化合物PSVII通过作用于RA滑膜细胞,抑制RA‑FLS和MH7A的增殖、诱导其凋亡,能够降低血清TNF‑α、IL‑6及IL‑1β水平,改善炎性细胞浸润、滑膜增生、软骨及骨侵蚀的关节炎病理变化,缓解足趾肿胀,踝关节直径肿胀的程度,下调关节炎、胸腺和脾脏指数。偏诺皂苷类化合物可以用于制备治疗类风湿性关节炎的药物。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于医药技术领域,具体公开一种偏诺皂苷类化合物的应用;更具体地,涉及一种偏诺皂苷类化合物在制备治疗类风湿性关节炎的药物中的应用。
背景技术
类风湿关节炎(Rheumatoid arthritis,RA)是一种已知的慢性自身免疫性疾病,可引起关节畸形,甚至丧失关节功能。RA的发病机制复杂,其主要病理特征主要涉及滑膜增生、炎性细胞浸润、血管翳形成、软骨侵蚀及骨破坏。尽管有多种不同类型的细胞参与RA的病理进程,但RA-FLS(RA成纤维样滑膜细胞)被认为在RA的病理进程的启动和驱动中起着关键作用。
在RA患者中,FLS的增殖不受机体系统控制,活化FLS具有肿瘤样细胞的特征。除了RA-FLS异常增殖外,RA-FLS细胞凋亡缺陷可能是RA发生的另一个重要机制。当RA-FLS被激活时,细胞凋亡的缺陷开始于类肿瘤样的异常增殖和转化。RA患者的FLS由于抗凋亡和促凋亡分子的失衡而对细胞凋亡具有抵抗作用。越来越多的证据表明,抗凋亡介质如Bcl-2、Mcl-2和FLICE抑制蛋白(FLICE inhibition protein,FLICE)在RA患者FLS中上调,而促凋亡蛋白如肿瘤坏死因子相关凋亡诱导配体(TRAIL),p53上调凋亡调控因子(PUMA)和Bid,在RA患者的FLS中下调。在RA-FLS中基质金属蛋白酶(MMPs)表达高于正常水平,降解软骨细胞外基质(ECM),阻断关节软骨营养供应,浸润组织破坏关节。因此,如何有效促进FLS细胞凋亡,抑制滑膜增生,对RA的治疗具有重要的临床意义,为抗RA药物的开发提供了可行的方向。
临床上目前尚无治疗RA的特效药,主要通过延缓疾病进展,降低风湿活动性以期改善RA炎性症状。但通常会引起肝肾毒性、感染以及肿瘤等风险。因此,迫切需要探索低毒高效的治疗RA的药物。
偏诺皂苷是一类以偏诺皂苷元为母核的甾体皂苷类化合物,主要分布在百合科延龄草属、重楼属和丫蕊花属植物中,还能通过以薯蓣皂苷元为原料合成获得。现代研究发现,偏诺皂苷类化合物具有镇痛抗炎、抗菌、抗肿瘤、抗脑缺血/再灌注损伤、肝损伤保护、抗生育等药理作用。但偏诺皂苷类化合物在自身性免疫疾病类风湿性关节炎方面的治疗作用还未见报道。
发明内容
基于上述技术问题,本发明提供一种具有式(1)结构的偏诺皂苷类化合物及其药学上可接受的盐在制备治疗类风湿性关节炎的药物中的应用;
其中,R为H或糖链。
优选地,所述偏诺皂苷类化合物为Paris saponin VII或Pennogenin 3β-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→4)-[-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)]-O-β-D-glucop yranoside或Paris saponin VI。
优选地,所述偏诺皂苷类化合物及其药学上可接受的盐用于制备抑制RA-FLS、MH7A细胞增殖的药物,或所述偏诺皂苷类化合物及其药学上可接受的盐用于制备诱导RA-FLS、MH7A细胞凋亡的药物。
优选地,所述偏诺皂苷类化合物通过引起细胞周期S期阻滞抑制RA-FLS、MH7A细胞增殖。
优选地,所述偏诺皂苷类化合物能够增加促凋亡蛋白Bax、Bad的表达水平,并降低抗凋亡蛋白Bcl-2、Bcl-xL及Mcl-1的表达水平。
优选地,所述偏诺皂苷类化合物用于制备类风湿关节炎血清炎性因子TNF-α、IL-6及IL-1β的表达抑制剂。
本发明还提供一种用于治疗类风湿性关节炎的药物,其主要活性成分包括上述偏诺皂苷类化合物、其药学上可接受的盐中的一种或几种的组合。
该药物能够被制备成药学上允许的口服制剂、注射剂或外用制剂。
该药物能够被用于制备治疗改善炎性细胞浸润、滑膜增生、软骨或骨侵蚀的药物。
对比现有技术,本发明的有益效果为:
1、本发明提供了一种偏诺皂苷类化合物的新用途;体内外研究表明,偏诺皂苷类化合物PS VII通过作用于RA滑膜细胞,抑制RA-FLS和MH7A的增殖、诱导其凋亡,能够降低血清TNF-α、IL-6及IL-1β水平,改善炎性细胞浸润、滑膜增生以及软骨和骨侵蚀的关节炎病理变化,并缓解足趾肿胀,踝关节直径肿胀的程度,下调关节炎、胸腺和脾脏指数;偏诺皂苷类化合物可以用于制备治疗类风湿性关节炎的药物,可以用于防治类风湿性关节炎。
2、临床上尚无治疗RA的特效药,目前主要通过延缓疾病进展,降低风湿活动性以期改善RA炎性症状。本发明从类风湿关节炎的病理机制入手,针对RA滑膜细胞在其病理进程的启动和驱动中起着关键作用,以其为靶点,研发新型的的抗RA药物。
附图说明
图1是注射CFA后第40天,来自6组大鼠右后爪的形态学代表图;A、空白组;B、模型组;C、雷公藤多苷片(TG)组(7.6mg/kg);D、PS VII(2.5mg/kg);E、PS VII(5mg/kg);F、PSVII(10mg/kg);
图2是PS VII对AIA大鼠踝关节直径的效应;与空白组对照相比,###P<0.001;与模型组相比,*P<0.05,**P<0.01,***P<0.001;
图3是PS VII对AIA大鼠足趾肿胀度的效应;与空白组对照相比,###P<0.001;与模型组相比,*P<0.05,**P<0.01,***P<0.001;
图4是PS VII对AIA大鼠关节炎指数的效应;与模型组相比,*P<0.05,**P<0.01,***P<0.001;
图5是PS VII对AIA大鼠胸腺、脾脏指数的影响;A、胸腺;B、脾脏;与空白组相比,##P<0.01,###P<0.001;与模型组比较,*P<0.05,**P<0.01;
图6是PS VII对血清TNF-α的影响;与空白组相比,#P<0.001;与模型组比较,*P<0.05,**P<0.01,***P<0.001;
图7是PS VII对血清IL-6的影响;与空白组相比,#P<0.001;与模型组比较,*P<0.05,**P<0.01,***P<0.001;
图8是PS VII对血清IL-1β的影响;与空白组相比,#P<0.001;与模型组比较,*P<0.05,**P<0.01,***P<0.001;
图9是PS VII对AIA大鼠的组织病理学转变的影响;a、空白对照组;b、模型组;c、雷公藤多苷片组;d、PS VII(2.5mg/kg)治疗组;e、PS VII(5mg/kg)治疗组;f、PS VII(10mg/kg)治疗组;
图10是PS VII对RA-FLS和MH7A细胞增殖的影响;*P<0.05,**P<0.01,***P<0.001;a、RA-FLS细胞;b、MH7A细胞;
图11是PS VII对RA-FLS和MH7A细胞增殖的抑制率曲线图;a、RA-FLS细胞;b、MH7A细胞;
图12是PS VII对RA-FLS和MH7A细胞的细胞周期的影响;与对照组相比,*P<0.05,**P<0.01,***P<0.001;A、RA-FLS细胞周期变化图(a1、空白对照组;a2、PS VII 0.5μM给药组;a3、PS VII 1μM给药组;a4、PS VII 2.5μM给药组);B、RA-FLS细胞周期分布统计图;C、MH7A细胞周期变化图(c1、空白对照组;c2、PS VII 0.5μM给药组;c3、PS VII 1μM给药组;c4、PS VII 2.5μM给药组);D、MH7A细胞周期分布统计图;
图13是PS VII对RA-FLS和MH7A细胞形态变化的影响;与对照组相比,*P<0.05,**P<0.01,***P<0.001;A、RA-FLS细胞DAPI染色图;B、RA-FLS细胞核凋亡数量变化图;C、RA-FLS细胞数量统计图;D、MH7A细胞DAPI染色图;E、MH7A细胞核凋亡数量变化图;F、MH7A细胞数量统计图;
图14是PS VII对RA-FLS和MH7A细胞凋亡的影响;与对照组相比,*P<0.05,**P<0.01,***P<0.001;A、RA-FLS细胞凋亡水平变化图(a1、空白对照组;a2、PS VII 1μM给药组;a3、PS VII 2.5μM给药组);B、RA-FLS细胞凋亡水平统计图;C、MH7A细胞凋亡水平变化图(c1、空白对照组;c2、PS VII1μM给药组;c3、PS VII 2.5μM给药组);D、MH7A细胞凋亡水平统计图;
图15是PS VII对RA-FLS和MH7A细胞中线粒体凋亡途径相关蛋白表达的影响;与对照组相比,*P<0.05,**P<0.01,***P<0.001;A、B是PS VII对RA-FLS细胞中线粒体凋亡途径相关蛋白表达的影响,C、D是PS VII对MH7A细胞中线粒体凋亡途径相关蛋白表达的影响;
图16是Paris saponin VII、Paris saponin VI及Pennogenin 3β-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→4)-[-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)]-O-β-D-glucop yranoside的HPLC分离色谱图。
具体实施方式
下面通过实施例进一步描述本发明,但是本发明不受这些实施例的限制。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
本发明提供一种具有式(1)结构的偏诺皂苷类化合物及其药学上可接受的盐在制备治疗类风湿性关节炎的药物中的应用;
其中,R为H或糖链。
该偏诺皂苷类化合物可以为Paris saponin VII或Pennogenin 3β-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→4)-[-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)]-O-β-D-glucopyranoside,还可以是Paris saponin VI。
该偏诺皂苷类化合物能够减少RA-FLS、MH7A滑膜细胞增殖,并触发RA-FLS、MH7A滑膜细胞凋亡,能够用于制备减少RA-FLS、MH7A滑膜细胞增殖的药物,或者用于制备诱导RA-FLS、MH7A滑膜细胞凋亡的药物。
该偏诺皂苷类化合物能够引起细胞周期S期阻滞,抑制RA-FLS、MH7A细胞增殖。
该偏诺皂苷类化合物能够增加促凋亡蛋白Bax、Bad的表达水平,并降低抗凋亡蛋白Bcl-2、Bcl-xL及Mcl-1的表达水平,能够用于制备促凋亡蛋白Bax、Bad的表达促进剂,或抗凋亡蛋白Bcl-2、Bcl-xL及Mcl-1的表达抑制剂。
该偏诺皂苷类化合物能够用于制备TNF-α、IL-6及IL-1β的表达抑制剂。
上述偏诺皂苷类化合物和/或其药学上可接受的盐能够进一步被制备成用于治疗类风湿性关节炎的药物,该药物包括偏诺皂苷类化合物、其药学上可接受的盐中的一种或几种的组合,及药学上常规的药物载体或辅料,可以制备成药学上可接受的制剂,如口服制剂、注射剂或外用制剂。
需要说明的是,以下实施例部分所用Paris saponin VII是从延龄草或重楼植物中提取分离得到,具体提取分离方法为:延龄草药材用70%乙醇8倍量回流提取三次,合并提取液,减压浓缩成膏状,用水分散至体积为20L,用水饱和正丁醇按体积比3:1萃取3次,合并正丁醇层;再采用大孔吸附树脂柱色谱0~95%的乙醇/水洗脱。60%的洗脱部位,采用制备色谱C18填料分离,获得1号色谱峰为Paris saponin VII,2号色谱峰为Pennogenin 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→4)-[-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)]-O-β-D-glucopyranoside,3号色谱峰为Paris saponin VI。色谱图如图16所示。
Paris saponin VII的结构式如下:
Pairs saponin VII:白色无定型粉末(甲醇),Liebermann-Burchard和Molish反应阳性。FAB-MS m/z 1031.5[M+H]+,结合1H和13C核磁共振谱信息,确定其分子式为C45H72O17。1H-NMR(500MHz,Pyridin-d5)谱中,在高场区给出4个甾体皂苷特征甲基峰信号,即:δH 0.69(3H,d,J=6.0Hz,CH3-27)、0.97(3H,s,CH3-18)、1.10(3H,s,CH3-19)和1.24(3H,d,J=7.5Hz,CH3-21)为苷元上4个甲基质子信号;δH 1.61(6H,d,J=6.0Hz,2×Rha-CH3)和1.78(3H,d,J=6.0Hz,Rha-CH3)是3个鼠李糖基的6位甲基质子信号;δH 5.31(1H,d,J=4.5Hz,H-6)为不饱和质子信号;δH 4.99(1H,br s,H-1ofGlc)、5.86(1H,s,H-1ofRha II)、6.30(1H,s,H-1of Rha III)和6.42(1H,s,H-1of Rha I)是四个糖基的端基质子信号。13C-NMR(125MHz,Pyridin-d5):δC 141.2(C-5),122.2(C-6),110.2(C-22),103.7(C-Rha II-1),102.6(C-Rha I-1),102.6(C-Rha III-1),100.7(C-Glc-1),90.2(C-17),90.1(C-16),80.8(C-Glc-2),78.4(C-Glc-5),78.3(C-3),78.1(C-Glc-4),78.1(C-Rha II-4),77.4(C-Glc-3),74.5(C-Rha III-4),74.4(C-Rha I-4),73.7(C-Rha II-2),73.3(C-Rha I-2),73.3(C-Rha III-2),73.2(C-Rha II-3),73.0(C-Rha I-3),72.9(C-Rha III-3),70.8(C-Rha I-5),69.9(C-Rha III-5),68.7(C-Rha II-5),67.1(C-26),61.6(C-Glc-6),53.4(C-14),50.6(C-9),45.5(C-13),45.2(C-20),39.4(C-4),37.5(C-10),32.9(C-1),32.8(C-7),32.5(C-12),32.7(C-8),32.5(C-23),30.8(C-25),30.5(C-2),21.3(C-11),32.2(C-15),29.2(C-24),17.7(C-27),17.2(C-18),19.8(C-19),19.3(C-Rha II-6),19.0(C-Rha I-6),18.8(C-Rha III-6),10.2(C-21)。其中低场区δC 141.2(C-5)和122.2(C-6)的信号及氢谱中的δH 5.31(H-6),表明存在△5(6);δC 90.1(C-16)、90.2(C-17)、110.2(C-22)与17.1(C-27)信号说明了该化合物为25R构型的螺甾。由此鉴定该化合物为:Pennogenin 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→4)-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→4)-[O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)]-O-β-D-glucopyranoside,即Paris saponin VII。
Pennogenin 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→4)-[-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)]-O-β-D-glucopyranoside的结构式如下:
Pennogenin 3β-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→4)-[-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)]-O-β-D-glucopyranoside:白色无定型粉末(甲醇),Liebermann-Burchard和Molish反应阳性。FAB-MS m/z 907[M+Na]+,结合1H和13C核磁共振谱信息,确定其分子式为C45H72O17。1H-NMR(500MHz,Pyridin-d5)δH 0.69(3H,d,J=4.5Hz,CH3-27),0.97(3H,s,CH3-18),1.09(3H,s,CH3-19),1.24(3H,d,J=7.0Hz,CH3-21),1.64(3H,d,J=6.0Hz,Rha I-CH3),1.77(3H,d,J=5.5Hz,Rha II-CH3),5.31(1H,br s,H-6),4.90(1H,H-1ofGlc),5.87(1H,s,H-1ofRha I),6.42(1H,s,H-1 of RhaⅡ);13C-NMR(125MHz,Pyridin-d5)δC37.9(C-1),30.5(C-2),74.5(C-3),39.4(C-4),141.2(C-5),122.2(C-6),32.8(C-7),32.7(C-8),50.6(C-9),37.5(C-10),21.3(C-11),32.5(C-12),45.5(C-13),53.4(C-14),32.2(C-15),90.4(C-16),90.5(C-17),17.5(C-18),19.8(C-19),45.2(C-20),10.2(C-21),110.2(C-22),32.5(C-23),29.2(C-24),30.8(C-25),67.1(C-26),17.7(C-27),100.6(C-Glc-1),79.0(C-Glc-2),77.3(C-Glc-3),78.4(C-Glc-4),78.4(C-Glc-5),61.6(C-Glc-6),102.4(C-Rha I-1),73.1(C-Rha I-2),72.9(C-Rha I-3),74.3(C-Rha I-4),69.9(C-Rha I-5),18.9(C-Rha I-6),103.3(C-Rha II-1),73.2(C-Rha II-2),73.0(C-Rha II-3),78.1(C-Rha II-4),70.8(C-Rha II-5),19.0(C-Rha II-6)。
Paris saponin VI的结构式如下:
Paris saponin VI:白色无定型粉末(甲醇),Liebermann-Burchard和Molish反应阳性。FAB-MS m/z 739.6[M+H]+,结合1H和13C核磁共振谱信息,确定其分子式为C39H62O13。1H-NMR(500MHz,Pyridin-d5)δH 0.69(3H,d,J=6.0Hz,CH3-27),0.97(3H,s,CH3-18),1.10(3H,s,CH3-19),1.24(3H,d,J=7.5Hz,CH3-21),1.79(3H,d,J=6.5Hz,Rha-CH3),5.30(1H,d,J=6.0Hz,H-6),5.05(1H,d,J=7.5Hz,H-1of Glc),6.40(1H,br s,H-1 of Rha);13C-NMR(125MHz,Pyridin-d5)δC38.0(C-1),30.6(C-2),78.7(C-3),39.4(C-4),141.2(C-5),122.2(C-6),32.8(C-7),32.8(C-8),50.6(C-9),37.6(C-10),21.3(C-11),32.5(C-12),45.5(C-13),53.4(C-14),32.2(C-15),90.4(C-16),90.5(C-17),17.5(C-18),19.9(C-19),45.2(C-20),10.2(C-21),110.2(C-22),32.5(C-23),29.2(C-24),30.8(C-25),67.1(C-26),17.7(C-27),100.5(C-Glc-1),80.1(C-Glc-2),78.2(C-Glc-3),72.2(C-Glc-4),78.3(C-Glc-5),63.0(C-Glc-6),102.5(C-Rha-1),73.0(C-Rha-2),73.2(C-Rha-3),74.6(C-Rha-4),69.9(C-Rha-5),19.1(C-Rha-6)。据此,该化合物被鉴定为Pennogenin 3β-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-O-β-D-glucopyranoside,即Paris saponin VI。
本发明从延龄草中提取分离得到的Paris saponin VII、Pennogenin 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→4)-[-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)]-O-β-D-glucopyr anoside及Paris saponin VI均具有抗RA的作用,以下仅以Paris saponin VII为例进行效果评价。
一、Paris saponin VII体内抗RA作用评价
1实验材料
1.1实验动物
从成都大硕实验动物有限公司购买体重140-180g的SPF雄性SD(Sprague-Dawley)大鼠。在恒温(23±2℃)和恒湿(50±5%)的环境中饲养所有SD大鼠,并提供足够的饲料和饮用水。实验前将所有SD大鼠适应性喂养1周。对大鼠进行的所有实验操作均应遵守国际和本地实验动物饮食与保护委员会颁布的规定。许可证号:SCXK(川)2020-030。
1.2实验药品及试剂
完全弗氏佐剂(CFA),美国Sigma-Aldrich公司(批号:7003);雷公藤多苷片(TG),远大医药黄石飞制药有限公司(批号20191201);酶联免疫吸附检测试剂盒,欣博盛生物科技有限公司;4%多聚甲醛固定液,博士德生物有限公司(批号:12J28C68);生理盐水,西安京西双鹤药业(批号:1712073G)。
1.3主要仪器
万分之一电子天平,梅特勒-托利多公司;超声清洗仪,上海函格生物科技有限公司;制冰机,美国Scotsman公司;足趾肿胀仪,山东省医学科学院济南益延科技发展有限公司;游标卡尺,上海美耐特实业有限公司;全波长酶标仪,美国Thermo Fisher公司;包埋机,沈阳恒松科技有限公司;石蜡切片机,沈阳恒松科技有限公司;冷冻切片机,沈阳恒松科技有限公司;VORTEX-6涡旋混匀仪,杭州旭清科技有限公司。
2实验方法
2.1大鼠分组与模型建立
向大鼠右后足底皮下注射100μl完全弗氏佐剂(CFA),以建立AIA模型。对照组注射相同剂量的生理盐水。将AIA大鼠随机分为模型组(模型)、雷公藤多甙组(TG)及三种不同剂量的PS VII组。在AIA诱导后的16-40天,每天在同一时间点对大鼠进行胃内灌胃。通过胃内给药给予PS VII组不同剂量的PS VII(2.5mg/kg、5mg/kg、10mg/kg);空白组和模型组均用相同剂量的0.5%羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC-Na)溶液治疗;TG治疗组每天给予TG(7.6mg/kg)作为阳性药物。
2.2大鼠爪肿胀和踝关节直径的确定
在药物治疗期间,每4天使用YLS-7C脚趾肿胀仪根据右后爪的体积评估脚趾肿胀。脚趾肿胀(%)=(Vt-Vn)/Vn×100%,其中Vn和Vt分别是诱导前后右后爪的体积。另外,用游标卡尺测量大鼠右后爪的踝关节直径。在建立AIA模型之前,必须确定大鼠的原始右后爪的体积以及踝关节的直径。
2.3大鼠关节炎指数(AI)
从第12天开始,每4天观察一次关节炎的病理变化。关节炎评分用于评估关节炎的严重程度。
0分=大鼠关节无明显变化;1分=大鼠关节中出现少量红斑;2分=大鼠关节轻度发红或严重红斑;3分=大鼠踝关节明显发红和肿胀;4分=所有关节严重肿胀。每只大鼠的AI得分为四肢之和,最大关节炎得分为16分。
2.4脾脏和胸腺指数
取各组大鼠的胸腺和脾脏,称重记录,计算胸腺和脾脏指数。
脾脏/胸腺指数=胸腺或脾脏(g)/体重(g)*100%。
2.5 ELISA法检测血清上清因子TNF-α、IL-6、IL-1β水平
最后一次给药后1h,从腹主动脉中收集血液,将其置于真空采血管中,并使其在室温下静置1小时。通过以3000r/min离心15分钟来分离血清,并将其储存在-80℃的冰箱中以备后用。血清上清因子TNF-α、IL-6和IL-1β的水平通过酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)试剂盒根据制造商的说明进行测定。
2.6大鼠滑膜组织的提取
用戊巴比妥钠腹腔注射麻醉SD大鼠,右侧踝关节用70%医用酒精处理,用手术刀将肌肉分离。利用无菌镊子和手术刀将滑膜组织完整剥离下来,放入EP管中,并立刻液氮速冻置于-80℃的冰箱保存。
2.7滑膜组织的HE染色形态学观察
将踝关节固定在4%多聚甲醛中,在10%EDTA中脱钙两个月,包埋在石蜡中,切成薄片,切片用苏木精和曙红(H&E)染色。使用DM-2500光学显微镜,观察组织病理学变化和严重程度。炎症、滑膜增生、软骨损伤和骨侵蚀均以0-4评分。
2.8统计学分析
3结果
3.1大鼠活动情况以及右后爪的形态学变化
结果见图1。成功建立AIA大鼠模型,大鼠开始出现关节肿胀僵硬以及活动量减少的情况。与模型组相比,PS VII组治疗能够显著改善大鼠基本活动以及减轻右后爪肿胀程度。
3.2 PS VII对AIA大鼠踝关节直径的影响
由图2可知,从第8d开始,与空白对照组相比,模型组大鼠的踝关节直径显著增加,第16d达到高峰(P<0.001)。其中雷公藤多苷片组大鼠踝关节直径降低最明显(P<0.001)。与模型组相比,PS VII治疗组从第24d开始在一定程度上能够降低踝关节直径,具有显著的统计学意义(P<0.001)。
3.3 PS VII对AIA大鼠足趾肿胀的影响
由图3可知,从第8d开始,与空白对照组相比,模型组大鼠的足趾肿胀显著增加,第16d达到足趾肿胀高峰,从16d后,模型组足趾肿胀有一定程度下降(P<0.001)。与模型组相比,雷公藤多苷片组从灌胃后的第16d大鼠足趾肿胀开始逐渐降低(P<0.001)。与模型组相比,PS VII治疗组从第16d给药以后,能够显著降低大鼠足趾肿胀,第20d起与模型组相比,有显著的统计学意义(P<0.001)。
3.4 PS VII对AIA大鼠关节炎评分(AI)的影响
由图4可知,模型组在第16d关节炎评分达到最高值,从16d后关节炎评分逐渐降低(P<0.001)。与模型组相比,PS VII(2.5mg/kg,5mg/kg,10mg/kg)治疗后,从20-40d可显著降低关节炎评分,具有显著的统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01,P<0.001)。
3.5 PS VII对AIA大鼠胸腺、脾脏指数的影响
胸腺和脾是免疫系统的两个主要器官。它们的相对器官重量是其免疫功能的重要指标。处死大鼠后,称重胸腺和脾以计算大鼠的器官指数,结果如图5所示。
由图5可知,与空白对照组相比,模型组胸腺和脾脏指数显著升高(P<0.01,P<0.001)。与模型组相比,PS VII和TG的治疗可改善胸腺和脾脏指数(P<0.05,P<0.01)。
3.6 PS VII对AIA大鼠血清炎性细胞因子TNF-α、IL-6、IL-1β水平的影响
如图6-8所示,模型组大鼠的TNF-α,IL-6和IL-1β的血清浓度明显高于空白对照组(P<0.001)。PS VII和雷公藤多苷(TG)治疗均显着下调血清中TNF-α、IL-6和IL-1β的水平(P<0.05,P<0.01,P<0.001)。
3.7滑膜组织的HE染色形态学观察
组织病理学提供了RA的突出形态学和病理学特征。如图9所示,在模型组部分,可以观察到滑膜和关节的炎症,包括炎症细胞浸润、滑膜组织增生、关节软骨和骨侵蚀。PSVII和TG治疗可显著改善上述组织学病理变化。
二、Paris saponin VII体外抗RA作用评价
1实验材料
1.1实验试剂
见表1。
表1试剂及耗材
1.2实验仪器及耗材
见表2。
表2仪器及耗材
2实验方法
2.1 MTT检测细胞活力
在对数期收集RA-FLS、MH7A,将其分别以1×105细胞/孔和5×104细胞/孔的密度铺于96孔板中,在含10%FBS的DMEM培养基中置于细胞培养箱孵育24h,用不同浓度的PS VII(0、0.5、1、2.5、5、10μM)分别处理24h、48h、72h。将MTT溶液(5mg/ml)以20μl/孔的体积添加到96孔板中,再孵育4h。除去上清液,终止培养后滴入150μL DMSO,设置好酶标仪参数,检测在490nm处的吸光度(OD)值。重复测定三次,计算细胞生存力值作为相对于正常成纤维样滑膜细胞组的比率。
2.3细胞周期检测
按常规的方法用胰蛋白酶消化贴壁细胞,并分别收集RA-FLS和MH7A细胞2×105和5×105,将上清液尽可能干净吸出,同时确保没有细胞被吸出。细胞悬液加到-20℃的1.2m1无水乙醇中,混匀后置于-20℃冰箱过夜。离心2000rpm离心5min左右。加入100uL.RNaeA将细胞混匀,37℃水浴加热30min。加入400μl PI并充分混匀,4℃避光30min。流式细胞仪检测细胞周期分布。
2.4 DAPI染色
将RA-FLS和MH7A铺于6孔板,置于细胞培养箱孵育24h。将上清液吸出,空白对照组不加药,其余组加入不同浓度的PS VII(0、0.5、1、2.5μM),作用24h。每孔加入1ml PBS,洗3次,每次30s。每孔加入适量的4%多聚甲醛固定液,37℃孵育15min。用PBS洗涤3次。空白组加入1ml PBS,其余组加入DAPI染色10min。用PBS洗涤3次。在倒置荧光显微镜下观察细胞核形态变化。
2.5流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡
将RA-FLS和MH7A细胞密度调整为为10×104/ml和5×104/ml,铺在六孔板中,在37℃、5%CO2培养箱培养24h。将上清液吸弃,不同浓度的PS VII(0、0.5、1、2.5μM)分别处理48h,并收集细胞。用预冷的PBS洗涤细胞,加入300μL 1×Binding Buffer重悬细胞。在黑暗中用5μLAnnexin V-FITC和5μLPI染色细胞15分钟。然后使用流式细胞仪检测凋亡细胞,并使用FlowJo 7.6软件确定每个细胞亚群的比例(%)。
2.6 Westernblot分析
(1)提取总蛋白
不同药物处理后,收集蛋白,置于4℃,3000rpm离心机中,离心5min。在于冰上加入RIPA裂解液,共裂解1h。离心15min,取上清液进行蛋白浓度定量。
(2)BCA蛋白试剂盒进行定量
配置标准品溶液:称取0.01g BSA试剂,加入5ml超纯水,充分涡旋,使其完全溶解,配置标准品溶液。母液的浓度为2mg/ml,然后用超纯水依次稀释至1.5、1、0.75、0.5、0.25、0.125、0.025、0mg/ml。首先加入工作液200μL,标准品孔分别加入不同浓度的标准品25μL。置于37℃孵育30min。用酶标仪分析570nm处的OD值,计算不同蛋白样品的浓度,确定上样量。按照4:1比例加入5×loadingbuffer,混合均匀后,金属浴97℃,12min,蛋白变性。恢复室温后放-80℃冰箱保存。
(3)配置SDS-PAGE凝胶
10%分离胶是按以下原料配制:8.0mL超纯水、6.6mL 30%丙烯酰胺溶液、5mL1.5M Tris-HCl(PH8.8)、0.2mL 10%SDS、0.2mL 10%过硫酸铵、0.02mL TEMED。
45%浓缩胶是按以下原料配制:5.5mL超纯水、1.3mL 30%丙烯酰胺溶液、1.0mL1.5M Tris-HCl(PH6.8)、0.08mL 10%SDS、0.12mL 10%过硫酸铵、0.012mL TEMED。
(4)凝胶电泳
取相同量的总蛋白(一般30μg)按顺序精确上样到上样孔中。第一孔和最后一孔上1x10μL loadingbuffer,压住两侧防止蛋白跑偏。设置电泳仪电压,恒压60V为浓缩胶阶段,恒压90V为分离胶阶段。
(5)转膜-采用湿转法
PVDF膜先在甲醇中激活,后在电转缓冲液中平衡,同时将电转过程中需要用到的垫子洗干净后和厚滤纸一起放入转膜缓冲液中平衡。将电转过程中用到的三明治夹子平放在桌子上,在两边放上垫子,然后放上厚滤纸,并在随后的过程中,保持三明治夹子用转膜缓冲液湿润。SDS-PAGE电泳结束后,将平玻璃板和有凹槽的玻璃板分离,将其平放在桌子上,使用尺子和切胶板,参照Marker泳道的蛋白质分子量,将需要的蛋白胶块切下来。将切下来的胶平放在三明治夹子黑色一边的滤纸上。将整个电转槽置于适当大小的泡沫盒中,电转槽周围加冰,使电转槽处于冰水浴中进行电转移过程,设置稳流200mA。
(6)封闭、孵育一抗、孵育二抗及发光
在室温下用封闭溶液(5%脱脂牛奶)孵育膜1小时。洗涤后,与相应的第一抗体在4℃孵育过夜。与辣根过氧化物酶偶联的二抗孵育。然后通过ECL检测显示阳性抗体结合,并通过Image J软件进行分析。
2.8统计学分析
3实验结果
3.1 MTT检测细胞活力
MTT分析表明,与对照组相比,0.5μM PS VII组的细胞活力无明显差异。浓度高于0.5μM的PS VII在24h对细胞具有巨大的细胞毒性作用(图10)。用2.5μMPS VII处理RA-FLS和MH7A细胞24小时分别导致细胞活力损失48.12%和48.03%。此外,与对照组相比,在0.5μM PS VII下48h或72h细胞活力也有明显差异。随着PS VII处理时间和浓度的增加,其对细胞的抑制率逐渐提高(图11)。这些结果表明,PS VII处理以剂量和时间依赖性方式减少了细胞增殖。
3.2流式细胞仪检测细胞周期
为了研究PS VII对细胞增殖的抑制作用是否是由细胞周期停滞引起的,通过流式细胞仪检测了PS VII对核DNA含量的影响。
如图12A-D所示,用PS VII(0.5,1,2.5μM)处理过的RA-FLS和MH7A细胞中有很大一部分保持在S期。与对照组相比,RA-FLS和MH7A细胞中S期细胞的比例分别从48.52%增加到59.46%,从36.36%增加到55.72%。G0/G1和G2/M期的细胞比例下降。这种趋势在高剂量组(2.5μMPS VII)中更明显,表明PS VII处理诱导了两个细胞中的S期阻滞。
3.3 DAPI染色观察细胞核形态变化
DAPI染色用于评估诱导细胞核凋亡的特定形态变化。
如图13A和13D所示,正常的RA-FLS和MH7A细胞为长纺锤形,细胞核形态为蓝色均匀且轮廓清晰。PS VII处理后,RA-FLS和MH7A细胞均发生染色质积累和核浓缩。随着PS VII的增加,具有核凋亡形态的细胞数量逐渐增加(图13B和13E),而细胞数量减少(图13C和13F)。这些结果表明,PS VII处理以剂量依赖性方式增加了具有核浓缩和形态变化的细胞百分比。
3.4流式细胞检测细胞凋亡率
如图14所示,空白对照组中RA-FLS、MH7A细胞凋亡细胞占比仅为6.56%、10.95%。然而,在PS VII(1、2.5μM)处理48小时后,凋亡占比分别增加到17.36%、46.25%和20.84%、42.83%。比较早期和晚期凋亡细胞的总比例,证实PS VII触发了RA-FLS和MH7A的凋亡。
3.5 Westernblot检测Paris saponin VII对线粒体凋亡途径相关蛋白影响
图15显示,PS VII处理增加了促凋亡蛋白Bax和Bad的表达水平,而抗凋亡蛋白Bcl-2、Bcl-xL和Mcl-1的表达水平全部降低。然后,该过程表明线粒体的完整性受损,从而促进了细胞色素C向细胞质的释放,并诱导了Cleaved caspase-9和Cleaved caspase-3的表达。结果表明caspase-9和caspase-3参与了PS VII介导的细胞凋亡。内在的线粒体途径可能与PS VII诱导的RA-FLS和MH7A细胞凋亡有关。
以上公开的仅为本发明的具体实施例,但是,本发明实施例并非局限于此,任何本领域的技术人员能思之的变化都应落入本发明的保护范围。
Claims (9)
2.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于,所述偏诺皂苷类化合物为Paris saponinVII或Pennogenin 3β-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→4)-[-O-α-L-rhamno-pyranosyl-(1→2)]-O-β-D-glucopyranoside或Paris saponin VI。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的应用,所述偏诺皂苷类化合物及其药学上可接受的盐用于制备抑制RA-FLS、MH7A细胞增殖的药物,或所述偏诺皂苷类化合物及其药学上可接受的盐用于制备诱导RA-FLS、MH7A细胞凋亡的药物。
4.根据权利要求3所述的应用,其特征在于,所述偏诺皂苷类化合物是通过引起细胞周期S期阻滞抑制RA-FLS、MH7A细胞增殖。
5.根据权利要求3所述的应用,其特征在于,所述偏诺皂苷类化合物能够增加促凋亡蛋白Bax、Bad的表达水平,并降低抗凋亡蛋白Bcl-2、Bcl-xL及Mcl-1的表达水平。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述的应用,所述偏诺皂苷类化合物能够用于制备类风湿关节炎血清炎性因子TNF-α、IL-6及IL-1β的表达抑制剂。
7.一种用于治疗类风湿性关节炎的药物,其特征在于,其主要活性成分包括如权利要求1或2所述的偏诺皂苷类化合物、其药学上可接受的盐中的一种或几种的组合。
8.根据权利要求7所述的药物,其特征在于,所述药物能够制备成药学上允许的口服制剂、注射剂或外用制剂。
9.根据权利要求8所述的药物在制备治疗改善炎性细胞浸润、滑膜增生、软骨或骨侵蚀的药物中的应用。
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