CN113180652A - Non-invasive quantum glucometer based on diamond NV color center - Google Patents
Non-invasive quantum glucometer based on diamond NV color center Download PDFInfo
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- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
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- 210000004207 dermis Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000005291 magnetic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002096 quantum dot Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 210000003491 skin Anatomy 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000003384 small molecules Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 4
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- 102000001554 Hemoglobins Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108010054147 Hemoglobins Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000010241 blood sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
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- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/145—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue
- A61B5/14532—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue for measuring glucose, e.g. by tissue impedance measurement
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/145—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue
- A61B5/14507—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue specially adapted for measuring characteristics of body fluids other than blood
- A61B5/1451—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue specially adapted for measuring characteristics of body fluids other than blood for interstitial fluid
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/145—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue
- A61B5/1455—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue using optical sensors, e.g. spectral photometrical oximeters
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Abstract
The invention provides a non-invasive quantum glucometer based on a diamond NV color center, which comprises a measuring end, a receiving end, an analyzing end, a laser illumination system and a microwave system, wherein the measuring end is connected with the receiving end through a cable; the measuring end is an equipment end which is constructed by a plurality of diamond nano-particles and has a plurality of groups of NV color centers and is used for detecting glucose molecules in a dermis layer; the receiving end is internally provided with equivalent NV quantum bits which establish quantum entanglement states with multiple groups of NV color centers in the measuring end; the microwave system is used for realizing initialization of NV quantum bits; the laser illumination system is used for initializing the NV color center to a 0 state; the analysis end is internally provided with a processor module, a signal analysis system, a single photon detector (APD) and a display device and is used for carrying out nondestructive measurement on a plurality of NV quantum bits in the receiving end, converting the change data into blood glucose data and displaying the blood glucose data through the display device. The glucometer has the advantages of noninvasive detection, continuous detection, high detection precision and reliable stability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of medical equipment, in particular to a noninvasive quantum glucometer based on a diamond NV color center.
Background
At present, glucometers on the market are divided into a photoelectric type and an electrode type, although the principle is different, the glucometers are required to be directly contacted with blood, blood sampling operation is also required, and certain body pressure exists on patients.
The diamond NV colour centre is a C crystal of diamond in which a C atom is replaced by an N atom and a vacancy to form a multi-level system, thus becoming a carrier for a qubit. The NV color center qubit fluoresces when subjected to a low magnetic field.
Compared with the traditional magnetic measurement technology, such as a Hall effect sensor, a superconducting quantum interferometer, a magnetic force microscope and the like, the magnetic measurement technology has the advantages that the working temperature covers sub Kelvin to 600 Kelvin, the spatial resolution can reach sub nanometers, the sensitivity reaches the level of nano Tesla, and meanwhile, the magnetic field of a sample is not disturbed.
In recent years, the nanometer resolution and high sensitivity magnetic measurement of weak magnetic signals has been rapidly developed. Magnetic measurements based on diamond NV scanning probes have achieved atomic-scale spatial resolution.
The university of Chinese science and technology provides a single electron spin quantum sensor based on NV, which can be used for measuring electron and nuclear action modes within 20 microns.
In 2019, the Massachusetts institute of technology utilizes the CMOS technology to package the microwave generator, the optical filter and the photoelectric detector in the range of 200 μmX200 μm, so that the integration of basic components for measuring and controlling NV on a chip is realized. But due to the noise effects of integrating components in a small scale, the test accuracy of this device is 32.1 μ T v Hz. A solution for chip level integration and maintaining high accuracy has not been found.
Therefore, diamond NV color center is often applied to the quantum precision measurement field, and this application is based on the characteristics of human body and diamond NV color center, is applied to blood sugar and detects in order to solve the problem of blood sugar continuous detection through the noninvasive mode.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, and provides a noninvasive quantum glucometer based on a diamond NV color center, which has the advantages of noninvasive detection, continuous monitoring, high sensitivity and reliable stability.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a non-invasive quantum glucometer based on a diamond NV color center comprises a measuring end constructed based on the NV color center, a receiving end constructed based on the NV color center, an analyzing end, a laser illumination system and a microwave system;
the measuring end is an equipment end which is constructed by a plurality of diamond nano-particles and has a plurality of groups of NV color centers, and each diamond nano-particle is provided with a group of NV color centers for detecting glucose molecules in a dermis layer;
the receiving end is internally provided with equivalent NV quantum bits which establish quantum entanglement states with multiple groups of NV color centers in the measuring end, and the measuring end transmits information to the receiving end through the quantum entanglement states;
the microwave system is integrated at the measuring end, or integrated at the analysis end and acts on the measuring end in a wireless mode, and is used for realizing initialization of the NV quantum bit;
the laser illumination system is integrated at the measuring end, or integrated at the analysis end and connected with the measuring end through an optical fiber, and is used for initializing the NV color center to a 0 state;
the analysis end is internally provided with a processor module, a signal analysis system, a single photon detector (APD) and a display device, the processor module is connected with the receiving end through the single photon detector (APD) and the signal analysis system and used for carrying out nondestructive measurement on a plurality of NV quantum bits in the receiving end so as to obtain real-time change data, and the processor module calls contrast data in a database, converts the change data into blood glucose data and displays the blood glucose data through the display device.
The NV colour centre is proximate to the surface of the diamond nanoparticle.
Basically, a plurality of NV color centers of the same group are arranged in a closely packed array to form the NV probe such that the NV probe undergoes the same phase accumulation under the action of a biological magnetic field.
Basically, the measuring end is close to the skin to be measured, the electron and nuclear action mode information and proton spin information of small molecules within the range of 1-20 microns are measured, the measuring end transmits the information to the receiving end in real time after obtaining the information, the receiving end transmits the information to the processor module through the signal analysis system and the single photon detector (APD), the processor module analyzes the signals in a classical computer mode identification mode, the electron and nuclear action mode of glucose molecules is identified, and the glucose molecules are counted.
Basically, the measuring end is the wearable equipment of integration multiunit NV colour center.
Basically, fluorescence photon information generated by the equivalent NV qubit at the receiving end is collected by a single photon detector (APD) to realize optical readout of the NV spin state.
Basically, there are at least two measuring ends, and the receiving end is provided with receiving units respectively corresponding to the at least two measuring ends.
In addition, the relation entanglement state between the measuring end and the receiving end is set as I00> + I11 >.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has outstanding substantive characteristics and remarkable progress, and concretely, the invention adopts the characteristic of triplet state and the characteristic of being interfered by a weak magnetic field of the NV color center of the diamond, modulates a plurality of NVs to 0 state by a laser illumination system, modulates the NVs of the same number at a measuring end and a receiving end to GHZ quantum entangled state by a microwave generator controlled by an entanglement preparation system, and sets the quantum entangled state to be the same I00.
Specifically, the measurement end can obtain long-range glucose molecular structure information through electron paramagnetic resonance and detection of nuclear (proton) spin information, and can obtain nanosecond-scale molecular dynamics information when the microwave used for modulation reaches high frequency. By the state transfer of the NV entangled qubit, the state of the NV qubit is measured in an analysis end in a non-destructive manner, the structure specificity information of the glucose molecule with high spatial resolution can be obtained, and the stored database data is combined and matched with corresponding situations in a contrast manner, so that the single glucose molecule can be identified, the glucose molecule is counted, and then the blood glucose concentration information of a human body can be obtained according to the correlation between the concentration of the glucose molecule in skin tissue fluid and the concentration of glucose in blood.
The quantum entanglement state measurement accuracy is higher than that of single quantum bit measurement, so that the noninvasive measurement provided by the application can reach the Heisenbo limit in principle.
The invention adopts NV color center based on diamond nano particles, has small volume and controllable manufacturing cost, and is suitable for manufacturing portable noninvasive glucometer.
The invention adopts the scheme of separating the measuring end, the receiving end and the analysis end, on one hand, the equipment number of the measuring end is reduced as much as possible to facilitate wearing, and simultaneously, the noise interference of an analysis instrument to the measuring end can be reduced to improve the sensitivity of the measuring end.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a non-invasive quantum glucometer based on diamond NV colour center in the invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail by the following embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1, a noninvasive quantum glucometer based on a diamond NV color center comprises a measuring end constructed based on the NV color center, a receiving end constructed based on the NV color center, an analyzing end, a laser illumination system and a microwave system;
the measuring terminal of this embodiment designs for the hand ring form, adopts the equipment end that has multiunit NV color center of a plurality of diamond nanoparticle structures on the bracelet, disposes a set of NV color center on every diamond nanoparticle, as monitor terminal. In the embodiment, three NV color centers are adopted to form a group, the NV color centers are close to the surface of the diamond nano-particle, and the action mode information of electrons and nuclei of small molecules within the range of 1-20 microns can be measured, namely the method is used for detecting glucose molecules in a dermis layer.
In order to avoid that the same group of 3 NV color centers are too dispersed to generate different changes on the detection of the magnetic field in the same space, the plurality of NV color centers in the same group are arranged in a closely-arranged array to form the NV probe, so that the NV probe can experience the same phase accumulation under the action of the biological magnetic field.
The receiving end is internally provided with equivalent NV quantum bits which establish quantum entanglement states with multiple groups of NV color centers in the measuring end, and the measuring end transmits information to the receiving end through the quantum entanglement states; and the relation entanglement state between the measuring end and the receiving end is set to be I00> + I11 >.
The microwave system is integrated at the measuring end, or integrated at the analysis end and acts on the measuring end in a wireless mode, and is used for realizing initialization of the NV quantum bit;
the laser illumination system is integrated at the measuring end, or integrated at the analysis end and connected with the measuring end through an optical fiber, and is used for initializing the NV color center to a 0 state.
The analysis end is internally provided with a processor module, a signal analysis system, a single photon detector (APD) and a display device, the processor module is connected with the receiving end through the single photon detector (APD) and the signal analysis system and used for carrying out nondestructive measurement on a plurality of NV quantum bits in the receiving end so as to obtain real-time change data, and the processor module calls contrast data in a database, converts the change data into blood glucose data and displays the blood glucose data through the display device.
Fluorescence photon information generated by equivalent NV quantum bits at a receiving end is collected by a single photon detector (APD) so as to realize optical reading of NV spin states.
The measuring end is close to the skin to be measured, the electron and nuclear action mode information and proton spinning information of small molecules within the range of 1-20 mu m are measured, the measuring end transmits the information to the receiving end in real time after obtaining the information, the receiving end transmits the information to the processor module through a signal analysis system and a single photon detector (APD), the processor module analyzes the signals in a classical computer mode identification mode, identifies the electron and nuclear action mode of glucose molecules, and counts the glucose molecules.
During detection, the NV color centers are initialized to the 0 state through the laser illumination system, and then M NV color centers of the measuring end and M NVs corresponding to the receiving end are simultaneously evolved to the quantum entanglement state suitable for quantum sensing through microwave control.
The initial state is the GHZ state of M spin 1/2 particles, i.e. | ψ i> = (|0>⊗M + |1>⊗ M)/√ 2, (magneto-optic) optical splitting system makes every NV in GHZ state undergo the same phase accumulation process, and after the phase accumulation is over, the final state is | ψ f> = (|0>⊗M + eiMφ|1>⊗ M)/V2. one measurement is performed, and the standard deviation of the phase estimation can reach phi = 1/M, namely the Heisenbo limit is reached.
And then, an NV electron spin quantum sensor is used for being close to the skin to be detected, the electron and nuclear action mode information and proton spin information of small molecules within the range of 1-20 mu m are measured, the measurement end transmits the information to the receiving end in real time after obtaining the information, the information is sent to a processor module through a single photon detector (APD) and a signal analysis system, the processor module analyzes the signals in a classical computer mode identification mode, the electron and nuclear action mode of glucose molecules is identified, and the glucose molecules are counted.
The measuring end transmits the information to the receiving end in real time after obtaining the information, the change of photon counting caused by a small magnetic field change is delta N = (∂ N/∂ f) · (df/dB) · delta B, and the magnetic field information of electron and proton spin can be obtained by counting the fluorescence photons emitted by NV.
Therefore, the receiving end is combined with a single photon detector (APD) to count fluorescence photons emitted by NV, and then the fluorescence photons are sent to the processor module through the signal analysis system.
Description of the working principle:
the NV colour centre can measure the weak electromagnetic field emitted by the biomolecule. Quantum measurement based on NV color center can break through shot noise limit and reach Heisenbo limit, thereby greatly improving measurement precision. Meanwhile, the quantum sensing is based on the specific perception of the NV color center to the weak magnetic field of the biomolecule, so that blood samples do not need to be extracted, and dynamic continuous observation can be achieved.
Specifically, inThe wearable device is provided with a plurality of NV color centers constructed by diamond nano particles, an entangled state is established between the NV color centers in the wearable device and the NV color centers of a receiving end, the wearable device is used, the wearable device can be designed into a finger-ring shape or a bracelet shape, during measurement, the NV color centers are initialized to a 0 state through a laser illumination system, M NVs at the measuring end and M NVs at the receiving end are prepared to a GHZ quantum entangled state suitable for instantaneous sensing through a microwave system, then a plurality of NVs in a tight array can receive electron and nuclear spin action mode information of the same test infinitesimal at the same time and accumulate phase changes, meanwhile, the NV quantum bits at the receiving end synchronously generate the same phase changes, and a signal analysis system is utilized to perform nondestructive measurement on the phase changes, so that high spatial resolution magnetic field state information of electron and proton spin can be obtained, through a built-in algorithm, single glucose molecule is identified according to the specificity of a glucose spatial structure, and the glucose molecule is tested for a infinitesimal (1 mu m)3) The glucose molecule number in the blood glucose monitor is counted, so that the glucose concentration in the tissue fluid can be calculated, and the change state of the glucose concentration is converted into the parameters of the blood glucose according to the correlation analysis, so that the high-precision continuous noninvasive monitoring of the blood glucose can be realized.
Because the detection range of the electron spin NV quantum sensor is within 23 mu m, and the thickness of the human skin is about 70 mu m, the electron spin NV quantum sensor cannot directly detect the glucose concentration in the human blood, but obtains the glucose concentration information in the human blood by detecting the glucose concentration in the human skin tissue fluid and analyzing according to the correlation.
Because a large number of macromolecules such as hemoglobin exist in blood, glucose molecules are used as small molecules, and electromagnetic signals of the glucose molecules are submerged in electromagnetic signals of the macromolecules and are extremely difficult to detect. And macromolecules such as hemoglobin cannot enter tissue fluid into which glucose can enter, so that nuclear spin and electron spin information and an interaction mode of the nuclear spin and electron spin information of glucose molecules in the tissue fluid are detected, and the interference of magnetic field information of the macromolecules is much less.
The signal analysis system can adopt a current mature optical system, and reads the phase state value of the NV through the characteristic that the NV color center can emit fluorescence after being excited in the triplet state change process and the triggering time.
The built-in algorithm is a database obtained by accumulating large-scale conventional blood sugar detection and NV color center detection synchronous experiments.
Finally, it should be noted that the above examples are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit the same; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art will understand that: modifications to the specific embodiments of the invention or equivalent substitutions for parts of the technical features may be made; without departing from the spirit of the present invention, it is intended to cover all aspects of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. The utility model provides a do not have quantum blood glucose meter of wound based on diamond NV color center which characterized in that: the device comprises a measuring end constructed based on an NV color center, a receiving end constructed based on the NV color center, an analyzing end, a laser illumination system and a microwave system;
the measuring end is an equipment end which is constructed by a plurality of diamond nano-particles and has a plurality of groups of NV color centers, and each diamond nano-particle is provided with a group of NV color centers for detecting glucose molecules in a dermis layer;
the receiving end is internally provided with equivalent NV quantum bits which establish quantum entanglement states with multiple groups of NV color centers in the measuring end, and the measuring end transmits information to the receiving end through the quantum entanglement states;
the microwave system is integrated at the measuring end, or integrated at the analysis end and acts on the measuring end in a wireless mode, and is used for realizing initialization of the NV quantum bit;
the laser illumination system is integrated at the measuring end, or integrated at the analysis end and connected with the measuring end through an optical fiber, and is used for initializing the NV color center to a 0 state;
the analysis end is internally provided with a processor module, a signal analysis system, a single photon detector (APD) and a display device, the processor module is connected with the receiving end through the single photon detector (APD) and the signal analysis system and used for carrying out nondestructive measurement on a plurality of NV quantum bits in the receiving end so as to obtain real-time change data, and the processor module calls contrast data in a database, converts the change data into blood glucose data and displays the blood glucose data through the display device.
2. The diamond NV colour center-based noninvasive quantum glucose meter of claim 1, characterized in that: the NV colour centre is proximate to the surface of the diamond nanoparticle.
3. The diamond NV colour center based noninvasive quantum glucose meter of claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the plurality of NV color centers of the same set are arranged in a closely packed array to form the NV probe such that the NV probe undergoes the same phase accumulation under the action of a biological magnetic field.
4. The diamond NV color center based noninvasive quantum glucose meter of claim 3, wherein: the measuring end is close to the skin to be measured, the electron and nuclear action mode information and proton spinning information of small molecules within the range of 1-20 mu m are measured, the measuring end transmits the information to the receiving end in real time after obtaining the information, the receiving end transmits the information to the processor module through a signal analysis system and a single photon detector (APD), the processor module analyzes the signals in a classical computer mode identification mode, identifies the electron and nuclear action mode of glucose molecules, and counts the glucose molecules.
5. The diamond NV color center based noninvasive quantum glucose meter of claim 5 or 6, wherein: the measuring end is a wearable device integrated with multiple groups of NV color centers.
6. The diamond NV color center based noninvasive quantum glucose meter of claim 6, wherein: fluorescence photon information generated by equivalent NV quantum bits at a receiving end is collected by a single photon detector (APD) so as to realize optical reading of NV spin states.
7. The diamond NV colour center-based noninvasive quantum glucose meter of claim 7, wherein: the number of the measuring ends is at least two, and the receiving end is provided with receiving units respectively corresponding to the at least two measuring ends.
8. The diamond NV colour center-based noninvasive quantum glucose meter of claim 8, wherein: and the relation entanglement state between the measuring end and the receiving end is set to be I00> + I11 >.
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| WO2006032981A1 (en) * | 2004-09-24 | 2006-03-30 | Oleg Muzyrya | A method of non-invasive measurement of sugar in blood and construction for its realisation |
| US20150377865A1 (en) * | 2014-06-27 | 2015-12-31 | Google Inc. | Method for using nanodiamonds to detect nearby magnetic nanoparticles |
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| US20180153520A1 (en) * | 2015-11-27 | 2018-06-07 | Rinat O. Esenaliev | Wearable, noninvasive glucose sensing methods and systems |
| CN109342548A (en) * | 2018-11-26 | 2019-02-15 | 中国科学技术大学 | The measurement method and system of carrier concentration |
| CN111474158A (en) * | 2020-05-20 | 2020-07-31 | 中国科学技术大学 | Two-dimensional spectral imaging system and two-dimensional imaging method |
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- 2021-04-25 CN CN202110447678.4A patent/CN113180652B/en active Active
Patent Citations (7)
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| WO2006032981A1 (en) * | 2004-09-24 | 2006-03-30 | Oleg Muzyrya | A method of non-invasive measurement of sugar in blood and construction for its realisation |
| US20150377865A1 (en) * | 2014-06-27 | 2015-12-31 | Google Inc. | Method for using nanodiamonds to detect nearby magnetic nanoparticles |
| US20180153520A1 (en) * | 2015-11-27 | 2018-06-07 | Rinat O. Esenaliev | Wearable, noninvasive glucose sensing methods and systems |
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