CN113175501A - Plane secondary enveloping ring surface worm gear and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents
Plane secondary enveloping ring surface worm gear and manufacturing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113175501A CN113175501A CN202110538275.0A CN202110538275A CN113175501A CN 113175501 A CN113175501 A CN 113175501A CN 202110538275 A CN202110538275 A CN 202110538275A CN 113175501 A CN113175501 A CN 113175501A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H1/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion
- F16H1/02—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion without gears having orbital motion
- F16H1/04—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion without gears having orbital motion involving only two intermeshing members
- F16H1/12—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion without gears having orbital motion involving only two intermeshing members with non-parallel axes
- F16H1/16—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion without gears having orbital motion involving only two intermeshing members with non-parallel axes comprising worm and worm-wheel
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
- B23P15/14—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass gear parts, e.g. gear wheels
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H55/00—Elements with teeth or friction surfaces for conveying motion; Worms, pulleys or sheaves for gearing mechanisms
- F16H55/02—Toothed members; Worms
- F16H55/26—Racks
- F16H55/28—Special devices for taking up backlash
Abstract
The invention relates to a plane double-enveloping ring surface worm gear and a manufacturing method thereof, which is characterized in that the manufacturing method comprises the following steps: the worm is at least divided into a left half-section worm and a right half-section worm for manufacturing in a segmented mode, and the left worm tooth surface and the right worm tooth surface are respectively formed on the basis of corresponding mother surfaces through conjugate motion envelopes. Grinding blanks of the left half-section worm and the right half-section worm which rotate around the rotation axis of the worm by using a first grinding tool for machining the left half-section worm and a second grinding tool for machining the right half-section worm at the same cutting angle and/or cutting depth to form corresponding primary machined parts; the first grinding tool and the second grinding tool respectively deflect a certain angle in opposite rotating directions to grind the primary workpiece, so that the right side tooth surface of the left worm tooth surface has larger grinding amount than the left side tooth surface of the left worm tooth surface, and the left side tooth surface of the right worm tooth surface has larger grinding amount than the right side tooth surface of the right worm tooth surface; the left/right half worms with different tooth flank structures are combined to form a worm.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of machining, in particular to a plane double-enveloping ring surface worm gear and a manufacturing method thereof.
Background
The worm and worm transmission mode is widely applied, a worm wheel and a worm are both arranged on a machine body through a rotating shaft, a bearing and the like, spiral teeth are processed on the outer side of the worm, worm wheel teeth matched with the spiral teeth are processed on the periphery of the worm wheel, a driving device drives the worm to rotate, and the worm wheel is driven to rotate through the spiral teeth, so that the purpose of transmitting power is achieved. Because the worm gear has large transmission friction force and serious abrasion, a large gap is generated between the spiral teeth and the worm gear teeth after the worm gear runs for a certain time, and the currently used worm gear structure cannot adjust the gap, so that the transmission precision is reduced, the noise is increased, and the running is not stable.
In the worm transmission, compared with the cylindrical worm transmission, the planar secondary enveloping worm transmission: the number of contact teeth is large during transmission, so that the load of each contact point is small, the lubricating condition is good during transmission, and the tooth surface contact stress is small. Therefore, the bearing capacity of the enveloping worm is large, and the transmission efficiency is high. At present, the domestic grinding machining principle of the enveloping worm adapts to the worms with different central distances by adjusting the distance of a rotary worktable of a machine tool, so that the moving layers of the machine tool are more, the precision of the machine tool is higher, and the traditional enveloping method for machining the worm has the defect of being incapable of being solved in the precision and is mainly represented as follows: the worm tooth profile is not uniformly processed, various defects often occur, and the processing efficiency is not high.
CN 104139219A discloses a grinding processing method of a five-axis linkage grinding wheel of a planar enveloping worm, the adopted processing machine tool is a five-axis linkage numerical control machine tool, according to the forming principle of the planar enveloping worm, through five-axis linkage of the machine tool, the grinding plane of the grinding wheel coincides with the tooth surface of a virtual gear and rotates around the rotation axis of the virtual gear, meanwhile, a workpiece worm rotates around its own axis, the rotation speed and direction of the two are determined by the rotation direction and the transmission ratio of a worm pair, the distance between the axis of the virtual gear and the axis of the workpiece worm is equal to the center distance of the worm pair, so that the tooth surface of the planar enveloping worm is ground by utilizing the planar enveloping of the grinding wheel. The five-axis linkage machining technology is applied to the grinding machining of the plane enveloping ring surface worm for the first time, and the grinding range and the grinding precision of the plane enveloping ring surface worm can be greatly improved by utilizing the flexibility and the precision of a five-axis machining tool. However, this solution does not allow to recover the costs of the grinding precision increase, such as complex calculation processes and lengthy machining times.
CN 104625663A discloses a planar double enveloping worm machining method, firstly selecting a proper side milling cutter according to the material and the structure of a part, then determining the side milling process parameters according to the selected side milling cutter, then roughly machining the worm through five-axis linkage, then carrying out quenching heat treatment on the roughly machined worm, and finally finely machining the worm through five-axis linkage, wherein the innovation points are as follows: and adding a five-axis linkage semi-finish machining worm step after the five-axis linkage rough machining worm to form a three-stage machining method. The method for processing the planar secondary enveloping worm solves the problems of poor processing precision and long processing time of a modified machine tool in the prior art, greatly improves the product precision, reduces the assembly working hours, improves the bearing capacity of the worm, greatly improves the transmission efficiency and prolongs the service life of the locking block. However, the technical scheme cannot solve the problems of reduction of transmission precision, increase of noise and unstable operation caused by a large gap generated between the helical teeth and the worm gear teeth after the worm gear runs for a certain time.
Furthermore, on the one hand, due to the differences in understanding to the person skilled in the art; on the other hand, since the applicant has studied a great deal of literature and patents when making the present invention, but the disclosure is not limited thereto and the details and contents thereof are not listed in detail, it is by no means the present invention has these prior art features, but the present invention has all the features of the prior art, and the applicant reserves the right to increase the related prior art in the background.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a plane double-enveloping ring surface worm gear and a manufacturing method thereof, in the novel manufacturing method, the process parameters during manufacturing are more accurately calculated through a specific formula, so that the accurately processed worm gear can eliminate the tooth side clearance in the positive and negative rotation process and greatly improve the bearing capacity of the worm gear. The worm gear manufactured by the manufacturing method can be applied to petroleum equipment such as petroleum equipment, drilling machines, fracturing equipment, high-pressure drilling pumps and the like, and solves the transmission problem of high-power high-pressure petroleum equipment. Has great application prospect in the fields of large torque, high precision and the like.
The invention discloses a method for manufacturing a plane double-enveloping ring surface worm gear, which at least comprises the following steps: a worm manufacturing step, a hob manufacturing step and a worm wheel manufacturing step.
The manufacturing method at least comprises the following steps:
s1, manufacturing a worm: the worm is at least divided into a left half-section worm and a right half-section worm for manufacturing in a segmented manner, and a left worm tooth surface and a right worm tooth surface of each worm are respectively formed through conjugate motion envelope based on corresponding mother surfaces;
s2, hob manufacturing step: determining the manufacturing number of the hob cutters according to the number of the cut worms, wherein the hob cutters at least comprise a first hob cutter and a second hob cutter, the technological parameters of the first hob cutter are determined according to the design structure of the tooth surface of the left worm, and the technological parameters of the second hob cutter are determined according to the design structure of the tooth surface of the right worm;
s3, a worm wheel manufacturing step: and grinding the left tooth surface and the right tooth surface of the worm wheel by using the manufactured first hob and the second hob respectively.
The plane double-enveloping ring surface worm gear is formed by mutually meshing the worm gear and the worm which are manufactured by the steps. The left worm tooth surface of the left half-section worm is meshed with the left tooth surface of the worm wheel, and the right worm tooth surface of the right half-section worm is meshed with the right tooth surface of the worm wheel, so that the tooth side clearance in the positive and negative rotation process of the plane double-enveloping ring surface worm wheel and worm can be completely eliminated.
The technical scheme has the advantages that: compared with the common cylindrical worm transmission, the toroidal worm transmission can simultaneously contact more worm gear teeth so as to realize multi-tooth contact and double-line contact; the included angle between the contact line and the relative sliding speed direction is close to 90 degrees, and a lubricating oil film is easy to form; the comprehensive curvature radius between the engaged tooth surfaces is larger, and the bearing capacity is stronger. Compared with the linear enveloping worm transmission, the enveloping worm transmission can use a plane or a simple curved surface to replace a straight generatrix as a mother surface of a worm spiral surface and generate the worm spiral surface according to an enveloping method so as to overcome the defect that the linear enveloping worm is difficult to grind accurately. The basic parameters of the enveloping worm are used as the parameters for manufacturing the worm gear hob, and the planar secondary enveloping toroidal worm transmission formed by the worm gear and the original enveloping worm is enveloped again according to the conjugate motion, so that the problem that the worm cannot be surrounded by the worm gear in the planar primary enveloping toroidal worm transmission, so that the bearing capacity is low can be solved, and the double-line contact can be realized during the work, so that the bearing capacity and the transmission precision are high. The double-reverse-side enveloping method adopted by the technical scheme is that the tooth surfaces of the worm wheel and the worm are formed on the basis of two enveloping motions of two different mother surfaces, the tooth surfaces are meshed with each other with higher matching degree, the tooth-side clearance is smaller and can even approach to zero, so that the bearing capacity and the transmission precision are further enhanced. The worm is formed by combining segmented processing, so that worms in different segments can be processed by different grinding tools to obtain worm teeth with different tooth-shaped structures. The sectional machining method is based on independent consideration of clockwise rotation and anticlockwise rotation of the worm, the driving tooth adopted by the clockwise rotation is different from the driving tooth adopted by the anticlockwise rotation, in the actual use occasion, the rotary driving in a certain direction is obviously more than that in the other direction, so that the tooth surface of the worm on one side of the worm is more worn than that on the other side of the worm, and the worm in any half section can be conveniently repaired or replaced when being excessively worn or damaged through sectional combination of the worm. After the design is adopted, the number of spare parts is greatly reduced. Meanwhile, when the worms are processed in sections, the two half-section worms can be processed by different heat treatment methods by selecting materials with different hardness according to the actual working process of the worms, wherein one of the half-section worms with higher abrasion loss is manufactured by adopting a material with higher hardness in a corresponding heat treatment mode. The two half sections of the worm are respectively formed by selecting proper materials from the selectable materials and processing the materials in a corresponding heat treatment mode, and a plurality of combined worms with different hardness can be formed in an arrangement and combination mode to adapt to different practical conditions. Alternatively, the material grade of the worm may include 45, 40Cr, 40CrNi, 35SiMn, 42SiMn, 37SiMn2MoV, 38SiMnMo, 20Cr, 20CrV, 18CrMnTi, 20CrMnTi, 12CrNi3A, 20MnVB, 20SiMnVB, 38CrMnTi, 35CrMo, and the like. Alternatively, the heat treatment of the worm may include case hardening, carburizing and quenching, modulation, and the like.
Before the worm is manufactured, the corresponding process parameters are determined by calculating in advance through a specific formula according to the respective design structures of the left half-section worm and the right half-section worm, and the spiral line of the worm can be formed at least at the meshing gap in a way that the tooth top chamfers of the two worm tooth surfaces are mutually matched. The worm manufacturing step may include the sub-steps of:
s1.1, grinding blanks of a left half-section worm and a right half-section worm which rotate around a worm rotation axis by using a first grinding tool and a second grinding tool respectively at the same cutting-in angle and/or cutting-in depth to form corresponding primary machined parts;
s1.2, shifting a first grinding tool along a first rotating direction of the grinding tool by an angle smaller than a pitch angle of a virtual plane tooth, and grinding a primary workpiece of a left half-section worm so that a right side tooth face of a left worm tooth face has a larger grinding amount than a left side tooth face of the left worm tooth face; the second grinding tool is shifted by an angle smaller than the pitch angle of the virtual plane gear teeth along the second rotation direction of the grinding tool, and the primary workpiece of the right half worm is ground, so that the grinding amount of the left side tooth surface of the right worm tooth surface is larger than that of the right side tooth surface of the right worm tooth surface;
s1.3, the left half-section worm and the right half-section worm are coaxially sleeved through the worm shaft to form a worm. The worm shaft can be arranged on one of the left half-section worm and the right half-section worm, and the other half-section worm which is not provided with the worm shaft is reserved with a worm shaft hole for mounting the worm shaft at the corresponding position of the worm shaft, so that the left half-section worm and the right half-section worm can be spliced when the worm shaft penetrates through the worm shaft hole.
When the worm blank is machined, a heat treatment process can be carried out to improve the mechanical property of the material, eliminate residual stress and improve the machinability of the metal. And selecting a corresponding heat treatment method for processing according to different worm materials, required worm hardness and other factors. Further, when the two half sections of the worm are made of different materials and require different parameters such as hardness and the like, different heat treatment methods can be respectively carried out so as to meet different requirements.
The grinding tool can be regarded as the meshing of the virtual plane gear and the worm when the worm is machined, the grinding tool can correspond to different virtual worm gear teeth of the virtual plane gear at different moments when the grinding tool rotates, and the rotating angle of corresponding positions between adjacent virtual worm gear teeth is the tooth pitch angle of the virtual plane gear. When the grinding tool rotates around the virtual plane tooth gear pivot axis by a complete pitch angle, the tooth profile shape of the worm is the same. When the grinding tool is rotated through an angle of less than one pitch angle about the virtual face gear pivot axis, the worm can be machined a second time so that the corresponding left or right flank is ground by the grinding tool with a greater grinding amount. Alternatively, when the rotational angle of the grinding tool exceeds a pitch angle, the corresponding structure can be determined by analogy based on the rotational rule. The structure of the first grinding tool and the second grinding tool is different from that of a conventional grinding wheel, and can be calculated and designed according to relevant parameters. Preferably, the first grinding tool for machining the left half-section worm and the second grinding tool for machining the right half-section worm are different in structure from each other.
The technical scheme has the advantages that: the enveloping motion formed by the tooth surface of the common enveloping worm is that the tooth surface of a plane tooth worm wheel is used as a mother surface to perform certain relative motion with the worm. In the technical scheme, the worm is processed in a sectional mode, so that the left half-section worm and the right half-section worm respectively perform certain relative motion with the worm by taking the tooth surfaces of two different plane-tooth worm wheels as the generatrix, and the left worm tooth surface and the right worm tooth surface with different tooth surface structures are respectively enveloped. The right flank of the left worm flank is larger than the left flank thereof in grinding amount, the left flank of the right worm flank is larger than the right flank thereof in grinding amount, so that in the final meshing process of the worm and the worm wheel, the left half-section worm is only meshed with the left flank of the worm wheel, the right half-section worm is only meshed with the right flank of the worm wheel, and the tooth-side clearance can be further reduced to zero by means of a spring tensioning device, thereby completely eliminating the tooth-side clearance in the positive and negative rotation process of the planar double-enveloping worm wheel. The segmented processing method is based on independent consideration of forward rotation/reverse rotation, the driving teeth adopted by the forward rotation are different from the driving teeth adopted by the reverse rotation, in practical use occasions, the rotation driving in a certain direction is obviously more than that in another direction, and for repair or replacement after abrasion, the design of the left half section and the right half section of the worm can bring greater repair/replacement cost advantages. After the design is adopted, the number of spare parts is greatly reduced.
During machining of the left half-section worm and the right half-section worm, a first rotation direction of the worm, which rotates around the worm rotation axis, of the left half-section worm is opposite to a second rotation direction of the worm, which rotates around the worm rotation axis, of the right half-section worm. A first rotational direction of the grinder in which the first grinder rotates about the virtual face gear pivot axis is opposite a second rotational direction of the grinder in which the second grinder rotates about the virtual face gear pivot axis. The rotation of the grinding tool may be viewed to some extent as a movement of the virtual face gear about the virtual face gear pivot axis relative to the worm, since both the grinding tool and the virtual face gear can be engaged with the worm at the same rotational speed such that one of the directions of rotation of the grinding tool is rotation about the virtual face gear pivot axis. Meanwhile, the grinders are different from the virtual face gear in that the grinders can also be rotated at high speed around their own grinders rotation axis to grind the worm. Therefore, the grinding tool can rotate around the virtual plane-tooth gear pivot axis and the grinding tool rotation axis during grinding of the worm.
The first rotation direction of the worm wheel which rotates around the rotation axis of the worm wheel when the worm wheel is processed on the left tooth surface is opposite to the second rotation direction of the worm wheel which rotates around the rotation axis of the worm wheel when the worm wheel is processed on the right tooth surface. The first rotary direction of the hob which rotates around the rotation axis of the virtual worm when the first hob is used for processing the left tooth surface of the worm wheel and the second rotary direction of the hob which rotates around the rotation axis of the virtual worm when the second hob is used for processing the right tooth surface of the worm wheel. The worm gear is replaced by the first hob and the second hob in the manufacturing process to realize the sequential grinding of the left tooth surface and the right tooth surface of the worm gear. The order of installation of the first and second roller cutters can be reversed.
And controlling the ratio of the rotating speed of the worm around the rotating axis of the worm to the rotating speed of the grinding tool around the virtual plane tooth gear pivot axis to be equal to a preset transmission ratio in the worm machining process. And in the process of machining the worm wheel, controlling the ratio of the rotating speed of the worm wheel around the rotating axis of the worm wheel to the rotating speed of the hob around the rotating axis of the virtual worm to be equal to a preset transmission ratio. The transmission ratio is the ratio of the angular velocities of the two rotating members in the mechanism.
The technical scheme has the advantages that: when grinding the tooth surfaces of the worm and the worm wheel, different tooth surfaces require the workpiece and the processed workpiece to rotate in corresponding rotating directions and at proper rotating speeds, so that the grinding process is completed under the condition of mutual matching. Before the worm gear is machined, the transmission ratio expected to be obtained can be preset, so that the manufactured worm gear can meet the preset transmission ratio after the machined part and the machined part are subjected to rotary grinding at the speed values matched with each other.
The axial modulus and/or axial pressure angle of the worm is matched to the face modulus and/or face pressure angle of the worm wheel so that the worm is properly meshed with the worm wheel. The axial modulus is the quotient of the axial pitch divided by the circumferential ratio. The face modulus is the quotient of the face pitch divided by the circumference ratio. The axial pitch is the axial distance between two adjacent tooth profiles on the same side in the axial plane of the worm. The end face tooth pitch is the pitch arc length between two adjacent tooth profiles on the same side in the end plane of the worm wheel. Tooth profile is a section of a tooth surface taken by a predetermined plane or curved surface intersecting the tooth trace. The pressure angle is the acute angle between the force receiving direction and the movement direction without calculating the friction force.
The technical scheme has the advantages that: the matching degree of the manufactured worm wheel and the worm is judged through the matching of the number of shafts and the pressure angle, the worm is used for judging axial direction parameters, and the worm wheel is used for judging end face direction parameters.
The invention also provides a plane double-enveloping ring surface worm gear manufactured by the manufacturing method. The planar double enveloping ring surface worm gear at least comprises a worm and a worm wheel which are different in axial line. The worm at least comprises a left half-section worm and a right half-section worm which are coaxial. The left half-section worm and the right half-section worm have tooth surfaces with different structures. When the planar double-enveloping torus worm gear is in the running process, the tooth surface of the left worm is always kept meshed with the left tooth surface of the worm gear, and the tooth surface of the right worm is always kept meshed with the right tooth surface of the worm gear, so that the tooth side clearance of the planar double-enveloping torus worm gear in the positive and negative rotating process is completely eliminated. The spring tensioning device used for adjusting the tooth side clearance is arranged between the opposite end faces of the left half-section worm and the right half-section worm at intervals along the circumferential direction, and the worm teeth of a plurality of worm wheels are meshed with the worm channel of the worm through the annular surface structure of the worm, so that the bearing capacity of the worm wheels and the worm is improved to the greatest extent.
The technical scheme has the advantages that: the plane secondary enveloping ring surface worm gear manufactured by the manufacturing method can keep the left worm tooth surface meshed with the left worm gear tooth surface all the time and keep the right worm tooth surface meshed with the right worm gear tooth surface all the time in the running process so as to further reduce the tooth side clearance, and can completely eliminate the tooth side clearance of the plane secondary enveloping ring surface worm gear in the positive and negative rotation process under the auxiliary action of the spring tensioning device, thereby greatly improving the bearing capacity of the worm gear.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic machining view of a left worm flank grinding operation;
FIG. 2 is a schematic machining view of right worm flank grinding;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the grinding of the left tooth surface of the worm wheel;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the right flank grinding of the worm gear;
fig. 5 is a three-dimensional view of a planar double-enveloping toroidal worm gear.
List of reference numerals
1: planar double-enveloping worm gear 100: worm screw
110: left half-worm 111: left worm tooth surface
120: right half-worm 121: right worm tooth surface
130: worm shaft 140: axis of rotation of worm
150: virtual flat gear pivot axis 160: volute passage
170: abrasive axis of rotation 200: worm wheel
210: worm left flank 220: right tooth surface of worm gear
230: worm gear 240: axis of rotation of worm gear
250: virtual worm rotation axis 300: grinding tool
310: first abrasive tool 320: second grinding tool
400: the hobbing cutter 410: first hob cutter
420: the second hob 500: first direction of rotation of worm
510: worm second rotation direction 520: first direction of rotation of the grinding tool
530: abrasive tool second rotational direction 540: first direction of rotation of worm gear
550: worm gear second rotation direction 560: first rotation direction of hob
570: the second rotating direction X of the hob cutter is as follows: positive direction of the first direction
Y: positive direction of the second direction
Detailed Description
The following detailed description is made with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example 1
The invention provides a method for manufacturing a plane secondary enveloping ring surface worm gear 1, which comprises a worm 100 manufacturing step, a hob 400 manufacturing step and a worm gear 200 manufacturing step, wherein when the worm gear 200 is a gear with a straight tooth profile and a simple tooth surface, the worm 100 corresponding to the worm gear 200 is plane primary enveloping ring surface worm transmission. The worm flanks formed by the planar envelope can be ground precisely, so that not only is the machining precision increased, but also the hard flanks can be used for increasing the bearing capacity. Meanwhile, the design structure of the worm 100 can be used as the process parameter for manufacturing the hob 400, and the corresponding worm wheel 200 is enveloped again according to the conjugate motion, so that the worm wheel 200 and the worm 100 form the plane double-enveloping ring surface worm gear 1 which can realize double-line contact to improve the bearing capacity and the transmission precision during working. The principle of the manufacturing method of the planar double-enveloping toroidal worm gear 1 is that a plane is taken as a mother surface to envelop the tooth surface of the toroidal worm 100 through relative circular motion, and then the tooth surface of the worm 100 is taken as the mother surface to envelop the tooth surface of the worm wheel 200 through relative motion, so that the worm 100 with a certain radian in the axial direction of the manufactured planar double-enveloping toroidal worm gear 1 has the advantages of large bearing capacity, high transmission precision, long service life and the like. Preferably, the planar double-enveloping ring surface worm gear 1 disclosed by the invention is formed by enveloping two planes as generatrices twice.
In the present embodiment, the planar double-enveloping toroidal worm gear 1 may be manufactured by determining a design structure of the worm 100 according to the virtual planar gear, manufacturing the corresponding hob 400 according to the design structure of the worm 100, and finally manufacturing the worm wheel 200 by using the machined hob 400 to obtain a worm wheel 200 tooth surface matching the worm 100 tooth surface, so that the manufactured worm wheel 200 and the worm 100 can be engaged with each other to form the complete planar double-enveloping toroidal worm gear 1.
Fig. 1 and 2 are schematic sectional views illustrating the machining of the worm 100, wherein the axial direction of the worm 100 is defined as a first direction, the positive direction X of the first direction is the direction in which the left half worm 110 is directed to the right half worm 120, fig. 1 is a schematic machining view illustrating the grinding of the left worm tooth surface 111, and fig. 2 is a schematic machining view illustrating the grinding of the right worm tooth surface 121.
In a preferred embodiment, the worm 100 is manufactured by dividing the worm 100 into a left worm half 110 and a right worm half 120 for a segmented machining using a high speed rotation of the grinding tool 300 about the mold rotation axis 170, wherein the left worm half 110 is referred to as a first grinding tool 310 and the right worm half 120 is referred to as a second grinding tool 320. Preferably, the grinder 300 grinds the worm 100 using a grinding wheel. The first abrasive article 310 and the second abrasive article 320 may be different shaped abrasive wheels. The left worm tooth surface 111 and the right worm tooth surface 121 may be respectively regarded as being formed by tooth surfaces of corresponding virtual flat tooth gears of different tooth shapes as a generatrix through a conjugate motion envelope, and the virtual flat tooth gears may include a first virtual flat tooth gear and a second virtual flat tooth gear. When the worm 100 is manufactured, the grinding plane of the grinding wheel is overlapped with the tooth surface of the virtual plane-tooth gear through the linkage of a machine tool and rotates around the virtual plane-tooth gear pivot axis 150, meanwhile, the worm 100 rotates around the worm rotation axis 140 of the worm 100, the rotation speed and the direction of the two are determined through the rotation direction and the transmission ratio of the plane double-enveloping ring surface worm gear 1, the distance between the virtual plane-tooth gear pivot axis 150 and the worm rotation axis 140 is equal to the center distance of the plane double-enveloping ring surface worm gear 1, and therefore the worm tooth surface is ground through the plane enveloping of the grinding wheel. In both cases of using the first grinding tool 310 to machine the left half-worm 110 and the second grinding tool 320 to machine the right half-worm 120, the direction of rotation of the grinding tool 300 about the virtual face-tooth gear pivot axis 150 and the direction of rotation of the worm 100 about the worm rotation axis 140 are opposite.
In a preferred embodiment, the step of manufacturing the worm 100 may comprise the sub-steps of:
s1.1, respectively grinding blanks of the left half-section worm 110 and the right half-section worm 120 which rotate around the worm rotation axis 140 by using the first grinding tool 310 and the second grinding tool 320 at the same cutting-in angle and/or cutting-in depth to form corresponding primary machined parts;
s1.2, offsetting the first grinding tool 310 in a grinding tool first rotating direction 520 by an angle smaller than the pitch angle of a virtual plane tooth gear and grinding a primary workpiece of the left half-section worm 110 so that the right side tooth surface of the left worm tooth surface 111 is ground by a larger amount than the left side tooth surface of the left worm tooth surface; the second grinding tool 320 is shifted by an angle smaller than the pitch angle of the virtual plane tooth gear in the grinding tool second rotation direction 530 and grinds the primary workpiece of the right half worm 120 so that the left side tooth face of the right worm tooth face 121 is ground by a larger amount than the right side tooth face thereof;
s1.3, the left and right half- worms 110 and 120 are combined by the worm shaft 130 to form a worm.
In a preferred embodiment, when the left half-worm 110 and the right half-worm 120 are respectively processed with their respective tooth profiles, the process parameters corresponding to the left half-worm 110 and the right half-worm 120 having different design structures are respectively obtained by formula calculation according to the parameters such as the number of worm heads, the number of teeth of the worm gear, the center distance of the worm gear and the worm, the top height of the worm tooth, the bottom height of the worm tooth, the section tooth profile angle, the adjustment clearance, and the like. Further, the process parameters of the left half-worm 110 and the right half-worm 120 can be derived and calculated by the following formula:
according to the gear meshing theory, the common normal vector of the tooth surfaces at the generated meshing point in the meshing process is orthogonal to the relative motion velocity vector of the tooth surfaces, namely, at the meshing point, the relative positions of the two meshing tooth surfaces along the common normal vector direction are kept static, and then the meshing equation of the two tooth surfaces at the meshing point can be obtained:
ν12·n＝0
wherein, v12Is the relative movement speed of the engagement position, and n is the common normal vector of the engagement position.
And projecting the relative speed vector at the meshing point to an n axis to obtain a meshing function of the transmission:
where Φ is the meshing function, M1、M2、M3Are all the coefficients of an equation,
starting angle of worm, deltaFIn order to install the inclination angle, beta is the inclination angle of the mother plane, A is the center distance, and i is the transmission ratio. u and v are values of the meshing point in the moving coordinate system.
In a preferred embodiment, before the worm 100 is processed in a segmented manner, the left half-section worm 110 and the right half-section worm 120 can ensure that the tooth top chamfers of the worm tooth surfaces on the respective opposite end surfaces of the left half-section worm 110 and the right half-section worm 120 at least positioned at the meshing gap are matched with each other according to the process parameters obtained by the design structure based on the calculation formula, so that a smooth spiral line of the side surface of the worm 100 is formed, and the situation that the left half-section worm 110 and the right half-section worm 120 with different design structures cannot be matched at the meshing gap can be avoided.
Because the left half-section worm 110 and the right half-section worm 120 have different technological parameters so that the left worm tooth surface 111 and the right worm tooth surface 121 have different structures, when the planar double-enveloping torus machining is performed, the hob 400 with corresponding different structures can be manufactured according to the different tooth surface structures of the left half-section worm 110 and the right half-section worm 120. The hob 400 may include at least a first hob 410 corresponding to the left worm half 110 and a second hob 420 corresponding to the right worm half 120, wherein the first hob 410 may be used to machine the left worm gear flank 210 and the second hob 420 may be used to machine the right worm gear flank 220. Preferably, the hob 400 is of the same type and primary parameters as the worm 100, wherein the primary parameters of the hob 400 may include module, profile angle, pitch diameter, helix angle, thread start count, and the like. Alternatively, the roller cutter 400 may be made nested or shanked, depending on the outer diameter of the roller cutter 400.
In a preferred embodiment, the manufacture S2 of the hob 400 may include the sub-steps of:
s2.1, determining the basic structures of a first hob 410 and a second hob 420 in the hob 400 according to the respective design structures of the left half-section worm 110 and the right half-section worm 120, and sequentially processing;
s2.2, machining the blank of the hob 400 by using a grinding wheel on a common grinding machine according to the basic structure of the hob 400 to form an inner hole, an outer circle, two end faces and all rake faces of the hob 400, wherein the rake angle of each rake face is zero, so as to obtain a semi-finished hob;
s2.3, amplifying the tooth profile of the hob 400 by n times according to the amplification ratio, processing a sample plate matched with the tooth profile of the hob 400 amplified by n times by linear cutting, and inspecting the sample plate by using a processed standard sample plate to obtain a qualified sample plate meeting the technical requirements;
s2.4, mounting the processed sample plate on a sample plate grinding machine, reducing by n times, processing a roller milling cutter by the sample plate grinding machine, and then inspecting the roller milling cutter by using a standard sample plate to obtain a qualified roller milling cutter meeting the technical requirements;
s2.5, processing the annealed roller by using the qualified roller milling cutter on a milling machine, and inspecting the roller by using a standard sample plate to obtain the qualified roller meeting the technical requirements;
s2.6, extruding the gear teeth of the diamond grinding wheel by the qualified roller on a roller machine tool, and inspecting the gear teeth of the diamond grinding wheel by using a standard sample plate to obtain the gear teeth of the qualified diamond grinding wheel which meet the technical requirements;
and S2.7, carrying out relief grinding on the semi-finished hob with the machined gear teeth of the diamond grinding wheel on a relief grinding machine tool to obtain the tooth profile of the hob 400, and inspecting the tooth profile of the hob 400 by using a hob template to obtain the qualified hob 400 meeting the machining requirements.
Fig. 3 and 4 are schematic views of the worm wheel 200, wherein the circumferential direction of the worm wheel 200 is defined as a second direction, and the positive direction Y of the second direction is the direction in which the left worm-wheel tooth surface 210 of the same worm tooth 230 points to the right worm-wheel tooth surface 220. Fig. 3 is a schematic view of grinding of the left tooth surface 210 of the worm wheel, and fig. 4 is a schematic view of grinding of the right tooth surface 220 of the worm wheel.
The worm wheel left tooth surface 210 and the worm wheel right tooth surface 220 are ground by the manufactured first hob 410 and the manufactured second hob 420 respectively, and the worm wheel left tooth surface 210 and the worm wheel right tooth surface 220 can be respectively regarded as being formed by conjugate motion envelopes by using tooth surfaces of corresponding virtual worms 100 with different tooth shapes as mother surfaces, and the virtual worms can comprise a first virtual worm and a second virtual worm. When the worm gear 200 is manufactured, the axis of the hob 400 is overlapped with the virtual worm rotation axis 250 through the linkage of the machine tool, the hob rotates around the virtual worm rotation axis 250, the worm gear 200 rotates around the worm gear rotation axis 240 of the worm gear 200, the rotation speed and the direction of the worm gear are determined through the rotation direction and the transmission ratio of the plane secondary enveloping ring surface worm gear 1, and therefore the worm gear tooth surface is enveloped and ground by the hob 400. In both cases of machining the left worm gear tooth face 210 using the first hob 410 and the right worm gear tooth face 220 using the second hob 420, the direction of rotation of the hob 400 about the virtual worm rotation axis 250 is opposite to the direction of rotation of the worm gear 200 about the worm rotation axis 240.
The worm wheel left tooth surface 210 is manufactured by using a first hob 410 processed according to the design structure of the left half-section worm 110, namely, the worm wheel left tooth surface 210 is enveloped by taking the tooth surface of the first virtual plane tooth as a mother surface and by phase circular motion through a toroidal left worm tooth surface 111, and then the worm wheel left tooth surface 210 is enveloped by taking the left worm tooth surface 111 as a mother surface and by relative motion; the worm wheel right tooth surface 220 is manufactured by using the second hob 420 processed according to the design structure of the right half-section worm 120, namely, the worm wheel right tooth surface 220 can be enveloped by taking the tooth surface of the second virtual plane gear as a mother surface and carrying out relative motion by taking the right worm tooth surface 121 as a mother surface.
In a preferred embodiment, the manufacture S3 of worm gear 200 may include the substeps of:
s3.1, mounting the first hob 410 on a worm gear machining device, performing primary gear hobbing rough machining on a gear blank, replacing the first hob 410 with a second hob 420 after the primary rough machining is completed, and performing secondary gear hobbing rough machining on the gear blank to manufacture a rough machined worm gear 200, wherein the mounting sequence of the first hob 410 and the second hob 420 can be changed;
s3.2, grinding the shaver or the honing wheel by using a worm grinding machine, and detaching the first hob 410 or the second hob 420 on the worm gear machining device to replace the grinded shaver or the honing wheel;
and S3.3, performing powerful gear shaving or powerful gear honing on the rough-machined worm gear 200 to obtain the fine-machined worm gear 200.
The axial module and/or the axial pressure angle of the manufactured worm 100 should match the end module and/or the end pressure angle of the manufactured worm wheel 200, so that the worm 100 and the worm wheel 200 can be correctly meshed through the tooth flanks to form the complete plane secondary enveloping toroidal worm gear 1, wherein the left worm tooth flank 111 is meshed with the left worm wheel tooth flank 210, and the right worm tooth flank 121 is meshed with the right worm wheel tooth flank 220, so as to eliminate the tooth flank clearance of the plane secondary enveloping toroidal worm gear 1 in the positive and negative rotation process. When the worm 100 and the worm wheel 200 are fitted at the staggered angle, the spiral direction of the worm 100 matches the spiral direction of the worm wheel 200.
Example 2
The invention also discloses a plane double-enveloping ring surface worm gear 1 manufactured by the manufacturing method in the embodiment 1, and as shown in fig. 5, the invention is a three-view of the plane double-enveloping ring surface worm gear 1.
The plane double enveloping ring surface worm gear 1 is formed by meshing a worm 100 and a worm wheel 200 with the rotation axes of the worm and the worm wheel being different from each other under the condition of matching module and/or pressure angle. Preferably, the axis is non-coplanar, meaning that the worm wheel axis of rotation 240 and the worm axis of rotation 140 are non-coplanar straight lines with each other, and the worm axis of rotation 140 and the worm wheel axis of rotation 240 are not on the same plane, neither intersecting nor parallel. Preferably, the worm axis of rotation 140 and the worm wheel axis of rotation 240 are orthogonal to each other. By this arrangement, friction between the worm teeth 230 and the worm passage 160 can be reduced, and a large transmission ratio can be obtained. When the worm 100 and the worm wheel 200 are fitted at the staggered angle, the spiral direction of the worm 100 matches the spiral direction of the worm wheel 200. The worm tooth surface is formed by enveloping a simple tooth surface of a gear with a straight tooth profile as a mother surface through relative circular motion, and the worm gear tooth surface is formed by enveloping a tooth surface of the worm 100 as a mother surface through relative motion, so that the formed plane double-enveloping ring surface worm gear 1 has the advantages of large bearing capacity, high transmission precision, long service life and the like.
The worm 100 includes a left half-worm 110 and a right half-worm 120 coaxially mounted with different tooth-flank structures, so that the worm paths 160 between the respective tooth flanks of the left half-worm 110 and the right half-worm 120 are different. The worm 100 may further include a worm shaft 130, wherein the worm shaft 130 may be coaxially mounted integrally with one of the left-half worm 110 and the right-half worm 120 and detachably coaxially mounted with the other of the left-half worm 110 and the right-half worm 120. Spring tensioning devices for adjusting the backlash are arranged between the opposite end faces of the left half-section worm 110 and the right half-section worm 120 at intervals along the circumferential direction, and the backlash can be adjusted by an expansion sleeve part arranged between the worm shaft 130 and the left half-section worm 110 or the right half-section worm 120. Preferably, the worm 100 is generally made of an alloy material, such as 40Cr alloy steel.
The worm wheel 200 is provided with a plurality of worm teeth 230 capable of being engaged with the worm path 160 of the worm 100 at intervals along the circumferential direction thereof, wherein the left worm wheel tooth surface 210 of all the worm teeth 230 is structurally matched with the left worm tooth surface 111, the right worm wheel tooth surface 220 of all the worm teeth 230 is structurally matched with the right worm tooth surface 121, and the left worm wheel tooth surface 210 and the right worm wheel tooth surface 220 are different in structure. Preferably, the worm wheel 200 may be made of alloy steel of GCr15, which has an elastic modulus E of 206000MPa and a poisson ratio μ of 0.3.
At least under the action of the spring tensioning device, during the operation of the planar double-enveloping-ring-surface worm gear 1, the left half-section worm 110 is always meshed with the left worm-wheel tooth surface 210, so that when the worm teeth 230 of the worm wheel 200 enter the worm channel 160 of the left half-section worm 110, the right side of the left worm tooth surface 111 attached to the left worm-wheel tooth surface 210 can provide a rightward supporting force for the worm teeth 230, and simultaneously, the right half-section worm 120 is always meshed with the right worm-wheel tooth surface 220, so that when the worm teeth 230 of the worm wheel 200 enter the worm channel 160 of the right half-section worm 120, the left side of the right worm tooth surface 121 attached to the right worm-wheel tooth surface 220 can provide a leftward supporting force for the worm teeth 230. Therefore, the worm teeth 230 at different positions of the meshing position are all supported by the supporting force pointing to the direction of the butt joint central part of the two half sections of the worm 200, so that the worm teeth 230 of the worm wheel 200 can slide between the worm ways 160 of the worm 100, and the tooth side clearance in the positive and negative rotation processes of the plane double-enveloping worm gear 1 is completely eliminated.
It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments are exemplary, and that those skilled in the art, having benefit of the present disclosure, may devise various arrangements that are within the scope of the present disclosure and that fall within the scope of the invention. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the present specification and figures are illustrative only and are not limiting upon the claims. The scope of the invention is defined by the claims and their equivalents.
Claims (10)
1. A method for manufacturing a plane double-enveloping ring surface worm gear (1) is characterized in that,
the manufacturing method at least comprises the following steps:
s1, manufacturing a worm (100): the worm (100) is manufactured in a form of being processed and recombined in sections, a left half-section worm (110) and a right half-section worm (120) of the worm (100) respectively form a left worm tooth surface (111) and a right worm tooth surface (121) which are different from each other on the basis of corresponding mother surfaces through conjugate motion envelopes, wherein,
grinding a right side tooth surface of a left worm tooth surface (111) of a first grinding tool (310) by an angle offset smaller than a pitch angle of a virtual plane tooth along a first rotation direction (520) of the grinding tool to a degree larger than a left side tooth surface grinding amount;
and the second grinding tool (320) is shifted along the second rotation direction (530) of the grinding tool by an angle smaller than the pitch angle of the virtual plane tooth, and the left side tooth surface of the right worm tooth surface (121) is ground by a degree larger than the right side tooth surface grinding amount.
2. The manufacturing method according to claim 1, characterized in that the worm screw (100) is calculated before manufacturing according to the respective design configurations of the left half-worm screw (110) and the right half-worm screw (120) by the following formula to determine the corresponding process parameters:
according to the gear meshing theory, the common normal vector of the tooth surfaces at the generated meshing point in the meshing process is orthogonal to the relative motion velocity vector of the tooth surfaces, namely, at the meshing point, the relative positions of the two meshing tooth surfaces along the common normal vector direction are kept static, and then the meshing equation of the two tooth surfaces at the meshing point can be obtained:
ν12·n＝0
wherein, v12Is the relative movement speed of the engagement position, n is the common normal vector of the engagement position,
and projecting the relative speed vector at the meshing point to an n axis to obtain a meshing function of the transmission:
where Φ is the meshing function, M1、M2、M3Are all the coefficients of an equation,
starting angle of worm, deltaFFor the installation inclination angle, beta is the inclination angle of the mother plane, A is the center distance, i is the transmission ratio, and u and v are the numerical values of the meshing point in the moving coordinate system.
3. The manufacturing method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by further comprising the steps of:
s2, manufacturing the hob (400): determining the manufacturing number of the hob (400) according to the number of the cutting of the worm (100), wherein the hob (400) at least comprises a first hob (410) and a second hob (420), wherein the technological parameters of the first hob (410) are determined according to the design structure of the left worm tooth surface (111), and the technological parameters of the second hob (420) are determined according to the design structure of the right worm tooth surface (121);
s3, worm wheel (200) manufacturing step: grinding the left worm wheel tooth surface (210) and the right worm wheel tooth surface (220) of the worm wheel (200) respectively by using the first hob (410) and the second hob (420) which are manufactured.
4. The manufacturing method according to one of the preceding claims, further comprising meshing the ground worm (100) with the worm wheel (200) to form the planar double-enveloping-torus worm gear (1), wherein the left worm tooth flank (111) of the left half-worm (110) is meshed with the left worm tooth flank (210) and the right worm tooth flank of the right half-worm (120) is meshed with the right worm tooth flank (220).
5. Manufacturing method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein during machining of the left half-worm (110) and the right half-worm (120), a first direction of rotation (500) of the worm, in which the left half-worm (110) rotates about the worm rotation axis (140), is opposite to a second direction of rotation (510) of the worm, in which the right half-worm (120) rotates about the worm rotation axis (140); the first rotational direction (520) of the grinder in which the first grinder (310) rotates about the virtual flat toothed gear pivot axis (150) is opposite to the second rotational direction (530) of the grinder in which the second grinder (320) rotates about the virtual flat toothed gear pivot axis (150).
6. Method of manufacturing according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a first direction of rotation (540) of the worm wheel (200) about the worm wheel rotation axis (240) when machining the left worm wheel flank (210) is opposite to a second direction of rotation (550) of the worm wheel (200) about the worm wheel rotation axis (240) when machining the right worm wheel flank (220); the first hob (410) rotates in a hob first direction of rotation (560) about the virtual worm axis of rotation (250) during machining of the left worm gear flank (210) and the second hob (420) rotates in a hob second direction of rotation (570) about the virtual worm axis of rotation (250) during machining of the right worm gear flank (220).
7. Method of manufacturing according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the worm gear (200) is ground in sequence during the manufacturing process by means of the exchange of the first hob (410) and the second hob (420) with the worm gear left flank (210) and the worm gear right flank (220), wherein the order of installation of the first hob (410) and the second hob (420) can be exchanged.
8. Method of manufacturing according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that during the machining of the worm screw (100), the ratio of the rotational speed of the worm screw (100) about the worm screw rotation axis (140) to the rotational speed of the grinding tool (300) about the virtual face gear pivot axis (150) is controlled to be equal to a preset transmission ratio; and in the process of machining the worm wheel (200), controlling the ratio of the rotating speed of the worm wheel (200) around the worm wheel rotating axis (240) to the rotating speed of the hob (400) around the virtual worm rotating axis (250) to be equal to a preset transmission ratio.
9. A planar double-enveloping toroidal worm gear (1), characterized in that said planar double-enveloping toroidal worm gear (1) is manufactured by the manufacturing method of any of the preceding claims.
10. The planar double-enveloping toroidal worm-gear according to claim 9, wherein the planar double-enveloping worm-gear (1) comprises: a worm (100) and a worm wheel (200) having rotation axes which are different from each other,
wherein the worm (100) at least comprises a left half-section worm (110) and a right half-section worm (120) which are coaxially sleeved,
it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,
the left half-section worm (110) and the right half-section worm (120) are provided with tooth surfaces with different structures, wherein when the planar double-enveloping toroidal worm gear (1) is in the running process, the left worm tooth surface (111) is always kept meshed with the left worm gear surface (210), and the right worm tooth surface (121) is always kept meshed with the right worm gear surface (220), so that the tooth side clearance of the planar double-enveloping toroidal worm gear (1) in the positive and negative rotation process is completely eliminated.
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| CN202110538275.0A CN113175501B (en) | 2021-05-18 | 2021-05-18 | Plane secondary enveloping ring surface worm gear and manufacturing method thereof |
| PCT/CN2022/093579 WO2022242684A1 (en) | 2021-05-18 | 2022-05-18 | Planar double-enveloping toroidal worm gear set and manufacturing method therefor |
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| CN202110538275.0A CN113175501B (en) | 2021-05-18 | 2021-05-18 | Plane secondary enveloping ring surface worm gear and manufacturing method thereof |
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Cited By (1)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2022242684A1 (en) * | 2021-05-18 | 2022-11-24 | 成都理工大学 | Planar double-enveloping toroidal worm gear set and manufacturing method therefor |
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| WO2022242684A1 (en) | 2022-11-24 |
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