CN113172884B - Ultrasonic-assisted fiber reinforced composite material additive manufacturing method and device - Google Patents

Ultrasonic-assisted fiber reinforced composite material additive manufacturing method and device Download PDF

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CN113172884B
CN113172884B CN202110429076.6A CN202110429076A CN113172884B CN 113172884 B CN113172884 B CN 113172884B CN 202110429076 A CN202110429076 A CN 202110429076A CN 113172884 B CN113172884 B CN 113172884B
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fiber
composite material
substrate
resin material
reinforced composite
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CN113172884A (en
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单飞虎
陈玮
刘琦
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AVIC Beijing Aeronautical Manufacturing Technology Research Institute
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AVIC Beijing Aeronautical Manufacturing Technology Research Institute
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B29C64/165—Processes of additive manufacturing using a combination of solid and fluid materials, e.g. a powder selectively bound by a liquid binder, catalyst, inhibitor or energy absorber
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/30—Auxiliary operations or equipment
    • B29C64/307—Handling of material to be used in additive manufacturing
    • B29C64/314—Preparation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y40/00—Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
    • B33Y40/10—Pre-treatment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
    • B33Y70/10—Composites of different types of material, e.g. mixtures of ceramics and polymers or mixtures of metals and biomaterials

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Moulding By Coating Moulds (AREA)
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Abstract

The invention relates to an ultrasonic-assisted additive manufacturing method and device for a fiber reinforced composite material, wherein the ultrasonic-assisted additive manufacturing method for the fiber reinforced composite material comprises the following steps: preheating a fiber material, melting a resin material into a slurry shape, and then performing additive manufacturing; mixing the preheated fiber material and the slurry-shaped resin material on a substrate, wherein the substrate is connected with a spring, and the spring is connected with an ultrasonic generator; and simultaneously, driving the base plate to vibrate in a swinging manner by an ultrasonic generator through a spring, wherein the vibration frequency is lower than the natural frequency of the fiber material and the slurry-shaped resin material until the fiber material and the resin material are fused layer by layer to form the composite material additive manufactured part. The invention belongs to the technical field of composite material additive manufacturing.

Description

Ultrasonic-assisted fiber reinforced composite material additive manufacturing method and device
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of composite material additive manufacturing, in particular to an ultrasonic-assisted fiber reinforced composite material additive manufacturing method and device.
Background
The large application of the fiber reinforced composite material in the field of aerospace not only reduces the structural weight, but also can improve the performance and the quality of equipment through the integrated design of the structure and the function. The high-strength fiber not only has low density, high strength and high elasticity, but also has the excellent characteristics of temperature resistance, chemical resistance, low resistance and low expansion.
The high strength of the composite material depends on the firmness degree of the bonding of the polymer to the bonding performance of the fiber, the bonding performance is good, the load can be uniformly distributed and transferred to the high-strength fiber, a synergistic effect is generated, and the comprehensive mechanical property of the material is greatly improved. The composite material is divided into two types, one is thermosetting resin-based composite material, and the other is generally formed by hand lay-up forming, spray forming, mould pressing forming, injection forming, RTM forming and the like; the other is a thermoplastic resin-based composite material, and generally, a die forming method, an injection forming method, an RTM forming method, a vacuum hot press forming method, a winding forming method, or the like is used. All forming processes need moulds, the development period of equipment and products is long, the cost is high, and the depth and the width of the application range are limited.
In the manufacturing method of the composite material, a hand lay-up forming method is not favorable for large-scale production because of poor stability and high labor intensity although the cost is low and the degree of freedom is high. The injection molding resin content is high, the reinforced fiber is short, the strength of the product is low, and the structure which is difficult to demould cannot be processed. Moreover, the resin base is not well bonded with the fiber wall, so that the self-bonding property is strong, the fiber is easy to be debonded from the fiber wall after carbonization, and the fiber becomes a group to block the holes, which is not beneficial to the impregnation and the improvement of the density.
The 3D printing technology is a bottom-up automatic and digital forming manufacturing technology with materials accumulated layer by layer, has the advantages of high material utilization rate, integration of structural design and manufacturing, no need of a mold and the like, can realize integration of material preparation and component forming manufacturing, and provides a digital solution for rapid manufacturing of single-piece small-batch complex parts and molds. Compared with the traditional die forming process, the 3D printing composite material has higher porosity, but the fiber orientation of a sample obtained by 3D printing in the printing direction is very high (up to 91.5%), and the fiber orientation of a sample obtained by a compression forming process is lower.
The method adopts the technological process, the resin flow mode mainly depends on the self weight and the thrust, the resin flow mode is regular, the fiber and the resin are melted and mixed for additive manufacturing by the prior FDM similar jet forming method, the method is similar to jet forming, the performance is superior to three-dimensional weaving forming, but only short fiber can be used, the Z direction has poor interlayer shear strength and interface bonding force, and interlayer falling or fracture can be caused in the stress process of a formed workpiece; in the long fiber additive manufacturing process, when the volume fraction of the fibers is too high or too low, more defects (gaps) exist in the material, so that the impact property is weaker, the interface bonding property is poorer, and the phenomena of layering and easy fracture appear in the stress process. Therefore, the low bonding degree and compactness of the resin and the fiber are the main problems of the additive manufacturing of the resin-based composite material at present.
Therefore, the inventor provides an ultrasonic-assisted fiber reinforced composite material additive manufacturing method and device.
Disclosure of Invention
(1) Technical problem to be solved
The embodiment of the invention provides an ultrasonic-assisted fiber reinforced composite material additive manufacturing method and device, and solves the technical problems that resin and fiber are not bonded well and holes are easy to form.
(2) Technical scheme
The first purpose of the embodiment of the invention is to provide an ultrasonic-assisted fiber reinforced composite material additive manufacturing method, which adopts the following technical scheme:
an ultrasonic-assisted fiber reinforced composite material additive manufacturing method comprises the following steps:
preheating the fiber material, and melting the resin material into a slurry shape;
mixing the preheated fiber material and the slurry-like resin material on a substrate, and simultaneously driving the substrate to vibrate in a swinging manner by adopting an ultrasonic generator until the fiber material and the resin material are fused layer by layer to form a composite material additive part.
Further improved, applied to the structure tamping and defect eliminating of the long fiber reinforced composite material manufacturing, comprises the following steps:
the resin material is conveyed into a stirring chamber from a resin material bin, the melting chamber in the stirring chamber heats and melts the resin material, and a stirring conveying mechanism in the stirring chamber conveys the melted resin material onto the substrate from a discharge port of the stirring chamber; meanwhile, under the conveying of the first feeder, the fiber material is conveyed out of a conveying pipe of the fiber material accommodating cavity, when the fiber material passes through a cutter, the cutter cuts the fiber material, when the fiber material passes through a melting chamber, the melting chamber heats and melts the fiber material, and finally the fiber material is conveyed to the substrate through the conveying pipe;
and simultaneously, the fiber material and the resin material which are conveyed to the substrate are mixed on the substrate, and the ultrasonic generator drives the substrate to swing and vibrate until the fiber material and the resin material are fused layer by layer to form the composite material additive part.
In a further improvement, the fiber material is a filamentous fiber, and the resin material is a flowable material.
In a further improvement, the ultrasonic generator drives the substrate to vibrate at a low frequency and then drives the substrate to vibrate at a low frequency and a high amplitude;
and repeating the vibration by the ultrasonic generator until the fiber material and the resin material are fused layer by layer to form the composite material additive manufactured part.
In a further improvement, the method is applied to the manufacture of short fiber reinforced composite materials, and comprises the following steps:
and mixing the fiber material and the resin material in a mixing bin to form a mixture, conveying the mixture to a stirring chamber through a second feeder, heating and melting the mixture by a melting chamber in the stirring chamber, conveying the melted mixture to the substrate from a discharge port of the stirring chamber by a stirring and conveying mechanism in the stirring chamber, and driving the substrate to swing and vibrate by an ultrasonic generator until the mixture is fused to form a composite material additive product when the melted mixture is mixed and formed on the substrate.
In a further improvement, the ultrasonic generator drives the substrate to vibrate up and down, left and right, and back and forth.
The second purpose of the embodiment of the invention is to provide an ultrasonic-assisted fiber reinforced composite material additive manufacturing device, which adopts the following technical scheme:
an ultrasonic-assisted fiber-reinforced composite material additive manufacturing device is applied to structural tamping and defect elimination in long fiber-reinforced composite material manufacturing, and comprises:
the base plate is used for mixing and forming a resin material and a fiber material, and the base plate is connected with an ultrasonic generator in a transmission way;
the stirring chamber is internally provided with a stirring and conveying mechanism and a melting chamber, and a discharge port of the stirring chamber is opposite to the substrate;
the resin material bin is communicated with the stirring chamber;
the fiber material holds the chamber, the fiber material holds the chamber and even has the conveying pipeline, the conveying pipeline passes the discharge gate of melting room and teeter chamber in proper order and extends to base plate department, be equipped with first feeder and cutter on the conveying pipeline, the cutter is located the low reaches of first feeder.
The third purpose of the embodiments of the present invention is to provide another ultrasound-assisted fiber reinforced composite material additive manufacturing apparatus, which adopts the following technical solutions:
an ultrasonic-assisted additive manufacturing device for a fiber reinforced composite material is applied to manufacturing of a short fiber reinforced composite material, and comprises the following components:
the base plate is used for mixing and forming the resin material and the fiber material, and the base plate is connected with an ultrasonic generator in a transmission way;
the stirring chamber is internally provided with a stirring and conveying mechanism and a melting chamber, and a discharge port of the stirring chamber is opposite to the substrate;
and the mixing bin is used for mixing the resin material and the fiber material, and a second feeder is connected between the mixing bin and the stirring chamber.
(3) Advantageous effects
In conclusion, according to the ultrasonic-assisted fiber reinforced composite material additive manufacturing method disclosed by the invention, when the preheated fiber material and the slurry-shaped resin material are mixed on the substrate 1, the ultrasonic generator drives the spring to vibrate, and the spring drives the substrate to vibrate in a three-dimensional swinging manner, so that the regular flow of the resin material becomes disordered, the bonding chance and the adhesion capability of the resin material and the fiber material are increased, the performance of a composite material forming piece is greatly improved, the problems of obvious attenuation and low density of the surface of a fiber hole wall and gaps between tows, fiber winding and interlayer interface performance in the additive manufacturing process are reduced, the manufacturing process is simplified, the investment is greatly reduced, the problem of limited model complexity is solved, the problems existing in the traditional fiber reinforced composite material forming process are solved, and the urgent needs of the development in the fields of aerospace, automobiles, rail traffic and the like are met. So as to better meet the requirements of lightweight, precise forming, short cycle and high-quality manufacturing of the structure of the complex part. The additive manufacturing can stably link the advantages of the traditional technology and the digital manufacturing, and simultaneously, the material manufacturing is changed to the direction of high integration, automation and low energy consumption, the manufacturing system is tamped, and a reliable scientific method is provided for upgrading the modern industrial system in the future.
According to the ultrasonic-assisted fiber reinforced composite material additive manufacturing device, the molten resin material is subjected to extrusion molding by adopting low-frequency high-amplitude ultrasound, along with the vibration of the ultrasound, the surface tension of the molten resin material is destroyed, the adhesive adhesion between the resin material and the fiber material is increased, the molten material and the fiber material can be well combined, the molding holes are reduced, the combination compactness of the fiber and the resin is improved, and the content of the composite material additive manufacturing fiber is further improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments of the present invention will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an ultrasonic-assisted fiber-reinforced composite additive manufacturing apparatus in one embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an ultrasonic-assisted fiber-reinforced composite additive manufacturing apparatus according to another embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure:
1-a substrate; 2-a stirring chamber; 21-a stirring and conveying mechanism; 22-a melting chamber; 3-a resin material bin; 4-a fibrous material containing cavity; 41-a conveying pipe; 411-first feeder; 412-a cutter; 5-mixing the materials in a storage bin; 6-second feeder.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples. The following detailed description of the embodiments and the accompanying drawings are provided to illustrate the principles of the invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention, i.e., the invention is not limited to the embodiments described, but covers any modifications, alterations and improvements in the parts, components and connection means, without departing from the spirit of the invention.
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be combined with each other without conflict. The present application will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments with reference to the attached drawings.
Referring to fig. 1 to 2, embodiment 1
An ultrasonic-assisted fiber reinforced composite material additive manufacturing method comprises the following steps:
preheating a fiber material, melting a resin material into a slurry shape, and then performing additive manufacturing;
the method comprises the steps of mixing a preheated fiber material and a slurry-shaped resin material on a base plate 1, wherein a spring is connected to the base plate 1, the spring is connected with an ultrasonic generator, meanwhile, the ultrasonic generator is adopted to drive the base plate 1 to vibrate in a swinging mode through the spring, and the vibration frequency is lower than the natural frequency of the fiber material and the slurry-shaped resin material until the fiber material and the resin material are fused to form a composite material additive product layer by layer.
In the ultrasonic-assisted fiber-reinforced composite material additive manufacturing method, when a preheated fiber material and a slurry-shaped resin material are mixed on a substrate 1, an ultrasonic generator drives a spring to vibrate, and the spring drives the substrate to vibrate in a three-dimensional swinging manner, so that the regular flow of the resin material is disordered, the bonding chance and the adhesion capacity of the resin material and the fiber material are increased, the performance of a composite material forming piece is greatly improved, the problems of obvious attenuation of the surface of a fiber hole wall and gaps among tows, fiber winding and interlayer interface performance and low density in the additive manufacturing process are solved, the manufacturing process is simplified, the investment is greatly reduced, the problem of limited model complexity is solved, the problems existing in the traditional fiber-reinforced composite material forming are solved, and the urgent needs of the development of the fields of aerospace, automobiles, rail transit and the like are met. So as to better meet the requirements of lightweight, precise forming, short cycle and high-quality manufacturing of the structure of the complex part. The material increase manufacturing can stably link the advantages of the traditional technology and the digital manufacturing, and simultaneously, the material increase manufacturing is changed to the directions of high integration, automation and low energy consumption, so that the manufacturing system is tamped, and a reliable scientific method is provided for upgrading the modern industrial system in the future.
Further, in one embodiment, the structural compaction and defect elimination applied to the manufacture of long fiber reinforced composites comprises the steps of:
the resin material is conveyed into the stirring chamber 2 from the resin material bin 3, the melting chamber 22 in the stirring chamber 2 heats and melts the resin material, and the stirring conveying mechanism 21 in the stirring chamber 2 deposits the melted resin material onto the substrate 1 from the discharge port of the stirring chamber 2 according to the additive forming rule; meanwhile, under the conveying of the first feeder 411, the fiber material is conveyed out of the conveying pipe 41 of the fiber material accommodating cavity 4, the fiber material is cut by the cutter 412 when passing through the cutter 412 after the fiber laying is finished, the fiber material is heated and melted by the melting chamber 22 for presoaking and infiltrating when passing through the melting chamber 22, and finally, the forming is finished on the substrate 1 together with the presoaking material or the resin slurry accompanied with short fibers through the conveying pipe;
meanwhile, the fiber material and the resin material which are conveyed to the substrate 1 are mixed on the substrate 1, the ultrasonic generator drives the substrate 1 to vibrate in a swinging mode through the spring, and the vibration frequency is lower than the natural frequency of the fiber material and the slurry-shaped resin material until the fiber material and the resin material are fused to form the composite material additive part layer by layer. Preferably, the long fiber composite forming peak energy is from zero micro low frequency and low amplitude, so that the surface tension of the molding resin material is convenient to reduce, the resin material and the fiber material are easier to spread and impregnate, after impregnation is completed, low frequency and high amplitude ultrasound is adopted during extrusion forming of the molten resin material, along with the vibration of the ultrasound, the surface tension of the molten resin material is damaged, the adhesive adhesion of the resin material and the fiber material is increased, the molten material and the fiber material can be better combined, forming holes are reduced, the combination compactness of the fiber and the resin is improved, and the content of the fiber manufactured by the composite material in an additive mode is further improved.
Further, in one embodiment, the fiber material is a filamentous fiber, and the resin material is a flowable material.
Further, in one embodiment, the method is applied to the manufacture of the short fiber reinforced composite material, and comprises the following steps:
the fiber material and the resin material are mixed in a mixing bin 5 to form a mixed material, the mixed material is conveyed to a stirring chamber 2 through a second feeder 6, a melting chamber 22 in the stirring chamber 2 heats and melts the mixed material, a stirring and conveying mechanism 21 in the stirring chamber 2 conveys the melted mixed material to a substrate 1 from a discharge port of the stirring chamber 2, an ultrasonic generator drives a spring to vibrate when the melted mixed material is mixed and formed on the substrate 1, and the spring drives the substrate 1 to vibrate in a swinging mode until the mixed material is fused to form a composite material additive product. Preferably, during short fiber composite forming, a molten mixture of the resin material and the short fibers is adopted, and ultrasonic anti-torsional vibration with low frequency and high amplitude is carried out to generate vibration effects of up-down, left-right and front-back, so that the surface tension of the molten resin material is directly destroyed, the adhesive adhesion between the resin material and the short fibers is increased, the molten resin material and the short fibers can be better combined, and the forming holes are reduced.
Further, in an embodiment, the ultrasonic generator drives the spring to vibrate, and the spring drives the substrate 1 to vibrate at a low frequency and then drives the substrate 1 to vibrate at a low frequency and a high amplitude; and repeating the vibration by the ultrasonic generator until the fiber material and the resin material are fused layer by layer to form the composite material additive manufactured part. The ultrasonic generator drives the spring and the substrate 1 to vibrate up and down, left and right, and back and forth.
The surface tension of the fusion process of the thermoplastic resin material and the fiber material is changed in the modes of ultrasonic high-low frequency blending, vertical vibration, horizontal vibration and front-back vibration, namely, the mode of forming the composite material is changed from the initial section of forming, so that the fiber-reinforced composite material is lower in porosity, higher in density and better in performance, the existing composite additive forming mode is improved, the forming quality, the manufacturing precision and the efficiency are improved, the property control is strictly controlled, and the manufacturing cost and the production period are greatly reduced.
Example 2
An ultrasonic-assisted fiber-reinforced composite material additive manufacturing device is applied to structural tamping and defect elimination in long fiber-reinforced composite material manufacturing, and comprises:
the base plate 1 is used for mixing and forming a resin material and a fiber material, and the base plate 1 is connected with an ultrasonic generator in a transmission way;
the stirring device comprises a stirring chamber 2, wherein a stirring and conveying mechanism 21 and a melting chamber 22 are arranged in the stirring chamber 2, and a discharge port of the stirring chamber 2 is opposite to a substrate 1;
the resin material bin 3 is communicated with the stirring chamber 2;
the fiber material holds chamber 4, fiber material holds chamber 4 even has conveying pipeline 41, conveying pipeline 41 extends to base plate 1 department after passing melting chamber 22 and the discharge gate of teeter chamber 2 in proper order, be equipped with first feeder 411 and cutter 412 on the conveying pipeline 41, cutter 412 is located the low reaches of first feeder 411.
An ultrasonic-assisted fiber-reinforced composite material additive manufacturing method adopted by an ultrasonic-assisted fiber-reinforced composite material additive manufacturing device comprises the following steps:
the resin material is conveyed into the stirring chamber 2 from the resin material bin 3, the melting chamber 22 in the stirring chamber 2 heats and melts the resin material, and the stirring and conveying mechanism 21 in the stirring chamber 2 conveys the melted resin material onto the substrate 1 from the discharge port of the stirring chamber 2; meanwhile, under the delivery of the first feeder 411, the fiber material is delivered from the delivery pipe 41 of the fiber material accommodating chamber 4, the fiber material is cut by the cutting knife 412 when passing through the cutting knife 412, the fiber material is heated and melted by the melting chamber 22 when passing through the melting chamber 22, and finally the fiber material is delivered to the substrate 1 through the delivery pipe 41;
meanwhile, the fiber material and the resin material which are conveyed to the substrate 1 are mixed on the substrate 1, and the ultrasonic generator drives the substrate 1 to swing and vibrate until the fiber material and the resin material are fused layer by layer to form a composite material additive part. Specifically, the resin material is a flowable material, and the fiber material is filamentous fibers; the stirring and conveying mechanism 21 is a packing auger and the like; the melting chamber 22 is provided therein with heating means such as a heating wire; the first feeder 411 is a device for feeding material by rolling two rollers. After the resin is melted into a slurry shape and the filamentous fibers are preheated, a small amount of resin directionally flows onto the substrate 1 through a nozzle at a discharge port of the stirring chamber 2, the filamentous fibers are synchronously conveyed onto the substrate 1 through the conveying pipe 41, at the moment, the substrate 1 is driven by the ultrasonic generator to generate synchronous low-frequency vibration, so that the filamentous fibers and the resin can be completely fused according to a track, and the substrate 1 moves in the X direction to finish the walking at a distance of 500mm to finish the filament laying; and then resin is sprayed through a nozzle at a discharge port of the stirring chamber 2, the substrate 1 is driven by the ultrasonic generator to generate synchronous low-frequency high-amplitude vibration, the substrate 1 moves 500mm in a synchronous X negative direction to complete resin filling, the ultrasonic generator is closed, the same steps are repeated, and the composite additive forming of a flat plate with the thickness of 500mm multiplied by 5mm can be completed. The ultrasonic generator has the capability of oscillating up and down, left and right, and back and forth, after the filiform fibers are spread and the resin is extruded to the substrate 1, the surface tension of the resin is destroyed along with the vibration of the ultrasonic generator, the viscosity of the filiform fibers is adhered, the resin and the filiform fibers can be well combined, and the forming holes are reduced.
Preferably, the long fiber composite forming peak energy is from zero micro low frequency and low amplitude, so that the surface tension of the molding resin material is reduced, the resin material and the fiber material are easier to spread and impregnate, after impregnation is completed, low frequency high amplitude ultrasound is adopted for extrusion forming of the molten resin material, along with the vibration of the ultrasound, the surface tension of the molten resin material is destroyed, the adhesive attachment of the resin material and the fiber material is increased, the molten material and the fiber material can be better combined, and the forming holes are reduced.
Example 3
An ultrasonic-assisted fiber reinforced composite material additive manufacturing device,
the method is applied to the manufacture of the short fiber reinforced composite material, and comprises the following steps:
the base plate 1 is used for mixing and forming a resin material and a fiber material, and the base plate 1 is connected with an ultrasonic generator in a transmission way;
the stirring device comprises a stirring chamber 2, wherein a stirring and conveying mechanism 21 and a melting chamber 22 are arranged in the stirring chamber 2, and a discharge port of the stirring chamber 2 is opposite to a substrate 1;
and a mixing bin 5 for mixing the resin material and the fiber material, wherein a second feeder 6 is connected between the mixing bin 5 and the stirring chamber 2.
An ultrasonic-assisted fiber-reinforced composite material additive manufacturing method adopted by an ultrasonic-assisted fiber-reinforced composite material additive manufacturing device comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the steps of mixing fiber materials and resin materials in a mixing bin 5 to form a mixed material, conveying the mixed material to a stirring chamber 2 through a second feeder 6, heating and melting the mixed material through a melting chamber 22 in the stirring chamber 2, conveying the melted mixed material to a substrate 1 from a discharge port of the stirring chamber 2 through a stirring and conveying mechanism 21 in the stirring chamber 2, and driving the substrate 1 to swing and vibrate by an ultrasonic generator until the mixed material is fused to form a composite material additive product when the melted mixed material is mixed and formed on the substrate 1. Preferably, during short fiber composite forming, a molten mixture of the resin material and the short fibers is adopted, and ultrasonic anti-torsional vibration with low frequency and high amplitude is carried out to generate vibration effects of up-down, left-right and front-back, so that the surface tension of the molten resin material is directly destroyed, the adhesive adhesion between the resin material and the short fibers is increased, the molten resin material and the short fibers can be better combined, and the forming holes are reduced.
The above description is only an example of the present application and is not limited to the present application. Various modifications and alterations to this application will become apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of this invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement or the like made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the scope of the claims of the present application.

Claims (6)

1. An ultrasonic-assisted fiber reinforced composite material additive manufacturing method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
based on the working condition of glass state and slurry composite material additive manufacturing, the working condition of composite material additive manufacturing refers to the state of a fiber material and a slurry resin material before mixed forming on a substrate, wherein the substrate is connected with a spring, and the spring is connected with an ultrasonic generator; meanwhile, an ultrasonic generator is adopted to drive the base plate to vibrate in a swinging mode through a spring, the vibration frequency is lower than the natural frequency of the fiber material and the slurry-shaped resin material until the fiber material and the resin material are fused layer by layer to form a composite material additive part;
the structural tamping and defect eliminating method applied to the manufacture of the long fiber reinforced composite material comprises the following steps:
the resin material is conveyed into a stirring chamber from a resin material bin, the melting chamber in the stirring chamber heats and melts the resin material, and a stirring conveying mechanism in the stirring chamber deposits the melted resin material onto a substrate from a discharge hole of the stirring chamber according to an additive forming rule; meanwhile, under the conveying of the first feeder, the fiber materials are conveyed out of a conveying pipe of the fiber material accommodating cavity, the fiber materials are cut by a cutter when passing through the cutter after the fiber laying is finished, the fiber materials are heated and melted by the melting chamber and are presoaked and infiltrated when passing through the melting chamber, and finally, the fiber materials and the resin slurry accompanied by the presoaked materials or short fibers are formed on the substrate through the conveying pipe;
simultaneously, the fiber material and the resin material which are conveyed to the substrate are mixed on the substrate, the ultrasonic generator drives the substrate to swing and vibrate through the spring, and the vibration frequency is lower than the natural frequency of the fiber material and the slurry-shaped resin material until the fiber material and the resin material are fused to form a composite material additive part layer by layer;
the ultrasonic generator drives the spring to vibrate, the spring drives the base plate to vibrate at low frequency, and the ultrasonic generator repeats the vibration until the fiber material and the resin material are fused layer by layer to form the composite material additive manufactured piece.
2. The ultrasound-assisted fiber-reinforced composite additive manufacturing method of claim 1, wherein the fiber material is a filamentous fiber and the resin material is a flowable material.
3. The ultrasonic-assisted fiber-reinforced composite material additive manufacturing method according to claim 1, applied to the manufacturing of short fiber-reinforced composite materials, comprising the steps of:
the manufacturing method comprises the steps that fiber materials and resin materials are mixed in a mixing bin to form a mixture, the mixture is conveyed to a stirring chamber through a second feeder, the mixture is heated and melted by a melting chamber in the stirring chamber, the melted mixture is conveyed to a substrate from a discharge port of the stirring chamber by a stirring conveying mechanism in the stirring chamber, when the melted mixture is mixed and formed on the substrate, an ultrasonic generator drives a spring to vibrate, and the spring drives the substrate to vibrate in a swinging mode until the mixture is fused to form a composite material additive product.
4. The method for manufacturing the ultrasonically-assisted fiber reinforced composite material additive according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the ultrasonic generator drives the spring and the substrate to vibrate up and down, left and right, and back and forth.
5. An ultrasonic-assisted fiber reinforced composite material additive manufacturing device, which is characterized in that the ultrasonic-assisted fiber reinforced composite material additive manufacturing method of claim 1 is applied to structural tamping and defect elimination in long fiber reinforced composite material manufacturing, and comprises the following steps:
the base plate is used for mixing and forming a resin material and a fiber material, and is connected with a spring and an ultrasonic generator in a transmission way;
the stirring chamber is internally provided with a stirring and conveying mechanism and a melting chamber, and a discharge port of the stirring chamber is opposite to the substrate;
the resin material bin is communicated with the stirring chamber;
the fiber material holds the chamber, the fiber material holds the chamber and even has the conveying pipeline, the conveying pipeline passes the discharge gate of melting room and teeter chamber in proper order and extends to base plate department, be equipped with first feeder and cutter on the conveying pipeline, the cutter is located the low reaches of first feeder.
6. An ultrasonic-assisted additive manufacturing device for a fiber-reinforced composite material, which is applied to manufacturing of a short fiber-reinforced composite material by adopting the ultrasonic-assisted additive manufacturing method for the fiber-reinforced composite material according to claim 3, and comprises the following steps:
the base plate is used for mixing and forming a resin material and a fiber material, and the base plate is connected with an ultrasonic generator in a transmission way;
the stirring chamber is internally provided with a stirring and conveying mechanism and a melting chamber, and a discharge port of the stirring chamber is opposite to the substrate;
and the mixing bin is used for mixing the resin material and the fiber material, and a second feeder is connected between the mixing bin and the stirring chamber.
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CN106313496B (en) * 2016-08-18 2018-12-04 南京航空航天大学 Continuous fiber reinforced thermoplastic resin based composites 3D printing method and print head
PL232458B1 (en) * 2016-11-15 2019-06-28 Cavico Spolka Z Ograniczona Odpowiedzialnoscia Spolka W Organizacji Method for layered lamination of a structural element by homogeneous or hybrid fibrous polymer composite by in-situ method, using ultrasonic vibrations in the continuous process and the device for execution of this method
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