CN113172143B - Method for improving wall thickness uniformity of superplastic air-inflated forming part by using variable surface - Google Patents
Method for improving wall thickness uniformity of superplastic air-inflated forming part by using variable surface Download PDFInfo
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- CN113172143B CN113172143B CN202110520951.1A CN202110520951A CN113172143B CN 113172143 B CN113172143 B CN 113172143B CN 202110520951 A CN202110520951 A CN 202110520951A CN 113172143 B CN113172143 B CN 113172143B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D26/00—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces
- B21D26/02—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces by applying fluid pressure
- B21D26/021—Deforming sheet bodies
- B21D26/031—Mould construction
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D26/00—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces
- B21D26/02—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces by applying fluid pressure
- B21D26/053—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces by applying fluid pressure characterised by the material of the blanks
- B21D26/055—Blanks having super-plastic properties
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D37/00—Tools as parts of machines covered by this subclass
- B21D37/16—Heating or cooling
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D43/00—Feeding, positioning or storing devices combined with, or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, apparatus for working or processing sheet metal, metal tubes or metal profiles; Associations therewith of cutting devices
- B21D43/003—Positioning devices
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Shaping Metal By Deep-Drawing, Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for improving the uniformity of the wall thickness of a superplastic air-expanding forming part by utilizing a variable surface, which comprises the following steps: the device comprises a variable face inflation forming die, a compression sealing device, a heating device and an air supply system; the super plastic gas expansion die is characterized in that the molded surface of the super plastic gas expansion die consists of a plurality of ball head cylinder devices with adjustable heights, the shape of the molded surface of the ball head cylinder can be dynamically adjusted by controlling the axial displacement of the ball head cylinder in the deformation process, and a material with good super plasticity and low price is filled in the ball head cylinder and the magnesium alloy plate as an intermediate material; according to the requirement in the air-expansion forming process, the deformation sequence of each part of the alloy plate blank can be controlled by dynamically adjusting the change of the molded surface of the mold, when the plate blank and the intermediate material are not contacted with the molded surface, the alloy plate blank and the intermediate material are subjected to superplastic deformation under the action of air pressure, and when the plate blank and the intermediate material are contacted with the molded surface, the alloy plate blank and the intermediate material are not subjected to superplastic deformation under the action of friction force; thereby the slab is formed in steps, and the uniformity of the wall thickness of the superplastic alloy gas-expanded forming part is improved.
Description
Technical Field
0002. The invention relates to the field of metal material scientific research, in particular to a method for improving the uniformity of the wall thickness of a superplastic air-expanding forming part by using a variable surface.
Background
0003. Superplastic forming is widely applied to the field of aerospace to form various thin plate workpieces with complex shapes, light weight and high structural strength. The work piece with complex structure and near no machining allowance can be produced by a simple superplastic forming process, and welding and riveting are not needed, so that the process is greatly reduced, and the machining cost is greatly reduced. In the superplastic state, the plastic deformation resistance of the material is sharply reduced, the plastic deformation capability is greatly improved, and the material is almost in a viscous flow state even without strain hardening. Superplastic forming is a forming technology which is carried out by putting materials in a superplastic state, and has obvious advantages compared with the traditional processing technology.
0004. The superplastic bulging of the metal sheet material can be performed by free bulging or bulging in a die through medium pressure; the method comprises the steps of clamping a plate on a die, blowing an unclamped part of the plate into a female die by using air pressure to form, wherein the shape of a part is determined by the shape of the molded surface of the female die; the main forming process can be a process from free projection of the first stage sheet material and contact of the second stage sheet material with the mold to complete forming; the method can use a single female die for forming, thereby saving the design and manufacturing cost of the die; the die is hardly worn in the forming process, so that the die has longer service life; the forming can be completed at one time, the processing times are reduced, and the working time is saved; the method is generally suitable for preparing parts with complex appearance, protruding surfaces or special shapes and no requirement of uniform wall thickness; if the diffusion junction technology is matched, a multi-layer hollow structural member can be prepared; in the process of forming the magnesium alloy and the like by air inflation, the air pressure is generally controlled to be 0.2-1.0 MPa, and the temperature is set to be 573-723K; the main factors influencing the quality of the superplastic air-expanding formed product include the original grain size of the plate for forming, the surface quality of the mould, the anti-oxidation measure in the superplastic air-expanding forming process, whether the pressure curve selection is proper or not and the control precision of the forming temperature.
0005. Despite the advantages of the balloon forming process, there is still a non-uniform strain in the thickness direction during the actual process; in the bulging process, because the peripheral materials are pressed by the die and do not participate in deformation, the increase of the area of the part is completely realized by thinning of the materials, meanwhile, the uneven stress and strain fields cause obvious difference of the wall thickness of the final part, and the problem is critical to whether the part can meet the design requirement or not, and is a critical problem for limiting the application and development of the process.
Disclosure of Invention
0006. The invention aims to provide a method for improving the uniformity of the wall thickness of a superplastic air-expanding formed part by utilizing a variable surface, so as to solve the problem of uneven wall thickness of a plate material in the high-temperature air-expanding forming process of magnesium alloy and further improve the forming effect of the process.
0007. The technical scheme adopted for solving the technical problems is as follows: 0008. a method for improving wall thickness uniformity of a superplastic balloon formed part by utilizing a variable surface, which is characterized in that: the device comprises an air-expanding forming die, a compressing and sealing device, a heating device and an air supply system; the device comprises a base, an upper base plate 2, a heat insulation plate 3, an upper heating plate 4, a ventilation plate 5, a workpiece 6, a female die 7, a superplastic die base plate 8, a height-adjustable ball head cylinder 9, a heating rod 10 and a base; in the initial stage of the gas expansion forming, the blank is not contacted with the molded surface, the blank is in a free bulging state, the middle part of the blank is thinnest, the wall thickness near the edge is thicker, the edge with thicker wall thickness is continuously deformed by adjusting the molded surface of the die, and the contact between the middle part with thinner wall thickness and the molded surface of the die is not deformed due to the friction force; the increase of the surface area of the plate in the air-inflation forming is realized by the reduction of the thickness of the plate, the edge part continues to deform, the surface area is increased, the thickness is thinned, the middle part does not deform or deform afterwards, the thickness is not thinned or is reduced, and thus the thickness distribution of the formed part is controllable; the technology realizes the step change of superplastic forming of the material by utilizing adjustable integral wall thickness distribution.
0009. The air-inflation forming die is divided into a female die, a superplastic die backing plate and a plurality of ball-head cylinders with adjustable heights, and the superplastic air-inflation forming pressure is low, so that the requirements on the female die, the superplastic die backing plate and the ball-head cylinders are low, and the requirements on the female die, the superplastic die backing plate and the ball-head cylinders are only required to have certain strength, hardness, oxidation resistance and nonflammability at the superplastic temperature, wherein the superplastic backing plate deforms along with a slab, pits are formed in the surface of the bottom ball-head cylinder, and the backing plate is added to prevent the slab from directly contacting with the bottom ball-head cylinder, so that the smooth surface of the slab can be ensured; the compression sealing device comprises an upper base plate and a ventilation plate, the pressure is supplied by a press, the working pressure of the equipment compresses the heated plate blank through the press plate and the female die, and the plate blank which is softened in a hot state is plastically deformed, so that the compression and the sealing are realized; the heating device comprises heating rods in the upper heating plate and the lower heating plate, and a heat insulation plate is added at the contact part of the outer side and the backing plate; the air supply system is a ventilation plate, the structure of the air supply system is hollow, and the ventilation hole is in the center.
0010. The upper part of the superplastic air inflation forming device is provided with a vent hole in the center, which is a blow hole in the superplastic air inflation forming process; a heat insulation plate is arranged between the upper heating plate and the upper backing plate, and a heating rod is arranged in the hole to directly heat the superplastic alloy plate. After heating to proper temperature, starting to perform inflation forming, wherein the plate is not contacted with the die cavity, so that free inflation is firstly performed, the middle part of the blank is thinnest, the wall thickness near the edge is thicker, after a period of deformation, the heights of the ball heads at different positions of the die profile are adjusted to ensure that the middle part is continuously contacted with the profile, and the edge part is separated from the contact with the profile, so that the edge part is continuously deformed and continuously thinned; after the edge part is thinned to a certain degree, the central part ball head cylinder height adjusting device descends and is separated from contact with the middle part blank, so that the middle part blank is deformed, and the processed plate is more uniform.
0011. Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: 0012.1. the deformation sequence of the blank can be controlled as required by dynamically adjusting the molded surface of the die, so that the integral uniform deformation is realized. Thereby realizing controllable wall thickness.
0013.2. The deformation of any shape of the plate can be realized by distributing the plurality of ball-head cylinders with adjustable heights at the bottom, the deformation sequence of the plate can be controlled in a grading manner by controlling the fluctuation of the ball-head cylinders, and the whole wall thickness is more accurate and controllable.
0014.3. The ball head cylinder with the height adjustable bottom is made of a material with good superplasticity and low price, so that the blank is prevented from being contacted with the ball head cylinder, the surface quality of a part is greatly improved, and the demolding is facilitated. 0015.4. The method has the advantages of low processing cost, flexible die, strong adaptability and good homogenization effect of the finished product, is beneficial to improving the production efficiency and saving the production cost.
Drawings
0016. FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a method of improving the uniformity of the wall thickness of a superplastic balloon with a variable face; the device specifically comprises a base, an upper base plate 2, a heat insulation plate 3, an upper heating plate 4, a ventilation plate 5, a workpiece 6, a female die 7, a superplastic die base plate 8, a height-adjustable ball head cylinder 9, a heating rod 10 and a base; wherein the air-expanding forming die is divided into a die frame, a superplastic die backing plate and a ball head cylinder height adjusting device, and the ball head cylinder height is controlled by bottom threads; because the superplastic air-inflation forming pressure is small, the requirements on the female die, the superplastic die backing plate and the ball head cylinder are not high, and the requirements only need to have certain strength, hardness, oxidation resistance and nonflammability at the overspeed temperature; the compression sealing device comprises an upper base plate and a ventilation plate, the pressure is supplied by a press, the working pressure of the equipment compresses the heated plate blank through the press plate and the female die, and the plate blank which is softened in a hot state is plastically deformed, so that the compression and the sealing are realized; the heating device comprises heaters in the upper heating plate and the lower heating plate, and a heat insulation plate is added at the contact part of the outer side and the upper backing plate; the air supply system is a ventilation plate, the structure of the air supply system is hollow, and the ventilation hole is in the center.
0017. FIG. 2 is a process flow of a multi-point processing superplastic alloy female die inflation forming device and method.
Detailed Description
0018. The invention provides a method for improving the uniformity of the wall thickness of a superplastic air-inflated forming part by utilizing a variable surface, which comprises the following specific implementation modes: 0019.1 selecting a proper superplastic alloy plate blank, cutting the plate blank to a proper size, and ensuring that the thickness of the plate blank is not too small in order to prevent the formed piece from being broken due to local excessive thinning;
0020.2 preheating a die and a plate blank, setting the temperature of the die according to the superplastic temperature of the alloy plate, putting the plate blank coated with the lubricant into the die, compacting and sealing, and heating to the superplastic temperature;
0021.3, starting an inflation forming stage, namely free bulging, namely slow bulging with smaller gas pressure;
0022.4, the deformation of the bottommost end of the plate is the largest, the wall thickness is the thinnest, the height adjusting cylinder of the variable surface die at the edge is lowered, and the cylinder at the middle position is raised; the middle of the plate starts to be attached to the molded surface of the bottom mold, and the edge of the plate continues to be formed;
0023.5, after the air bulge is deformed to a proper position, the middle part is separated from the molded surface of the bottom mold, and the deformation is continued;
0024.6, in the final forming stage, in order to make the slab and the mould surface fully attached, a large pressure should be applied and the pressure is maintained for a period of time, and the deformation amount is not large in this stage;
0025.7, after finishing the processing, the workpiece is taken out.
Claims (2)
1. A method for improving wall thickness uniformity of a superplastic balloon formed part by utilizing a variable surface, which is characterized in that: comprises an air-expanding forming die, a compressing and sealing device, a heating device and an air supply system;
the device comprises an upper base plate, a heat insulation plate, an upper heating plate, a ventilation plate, a workpiece, a female die, a superplastic die base plate, a height-adjustable ball head cylinder, a heating rod and a base;
in the initial stage of the gas expansion forming, the plate blank is not contacted with the molded surface, the plate blank is in a free bulging state, the middle part of the plate blank is thinnest, the wall thickness near the edge is thicker, the edge with thicker wall thickness is continuously deformed by adjusting the molded surface of the mold, and the middle part with thinner wall thickness is contacted with the molded surface of the mold, so that the deformation is not generated due to friction force; the increase of the surface area of the plate blank in the air-inflation forming is realized by the reduction of the thickness of the plate blank, the edge part continues to deform, the surface area is increased, the thickness is thinned, the middle part is deformed after the deformation, and the thickness is not thinned or is reduced, so that the thickness distribution of a formed part is controllable; the step change of superplastic forming of the plate blank is realized by utilizing adjustable integral wall thickness distribution; wherein the air-expanding forming die is divided into a die frame, a superplastic die backing plate and a ball head cylinder with adjustable height, and the height of the ball head cylinder is controlled by bottom threads; because the superplastic air-expansion forming pressure is small, the requirements on the female die, the superplastic die backing plate and the ball head cylinder are not high, and the requirements on the strength, the hardness, the oxidation resistance and the nonflammability are only required to be achieved at the superplastic temperature, wherein the superplastic die backing plate deforms along with the slab, pits are formed in the surface of the bottom ball head cylinder, and the superplastic die backing plate is added to prevent the slab from directly contacting with the bottom ball head cylinder, so that the surface of the slab can be ensured to be smooth; the compression sealing device balances the gas pressure and compresses the metal plate blank, the pressure is supplied by the press, the working pressure of the equipment compresses the heated plate blank through the pressing plate and the female die, and the plate blank which is softened in a thermal state generates plastic deformation, so that the compression and the sealing are realized; the heating device comprises an upper heating plate and a heating rod in the female die, and a heat insulation plate is added at the contact part of the outer side and the upper backing plate; the air supply system is a ventilation plate, the structure of the air supply system is hollow, and the ventilation hole is in the center;
the center of the upper part of the ventilation plate is provided with a ventilation hole which is a blow hole in the process of superplastic inflation forming; a heat insulation plate is arranged between the upper heating plate and the upper backing plate, a heating rod is arranged in the hole, and the superplastic alloy plate blank is directly heated; after heating to proper temperature, starting to perform inflation forming, wherein the blank is not contacted with the die cavity, so that free inflation is firstly performed, the middle part of the blank is thinnest, the wall thickness near the edge is thicker, after a period of deformation, the heights of the ball heads at different positions of the die profile are adjusted to ensure that the middle part is continuously contacted with the profile, and the edge part is separated from the contact with the profile, so that the edge part is continuously deformed and continuously thinned; after the edge part is thinned to a certain extent, the ball head cylinder with the height adjustable central part descends and is separated from contact with the slab at the middle part, so that the slab at the middle part is deformed, and the processed slab is more uniform.
2. A method of improving wall thickness uniformity of a superplastic balloon with a variable profile according to claim 1, comprising the steps of:
(1) Selecting a proper superplastic alloy plate blank, cutting the plate blank to a proper size, and preventing the formed part from being excessively thinned to generate cracking, wherein the thickness of the plate blank is not excessively small;
(2) Preheating a die and a slab, setting the temperature of the die at Jin Banpi superplastic temperature, putting the slab coated with the lubricant into the die, compacting and sealing, and heating to the superplastic temperature;
(3) The inflation forming stage is started, free bulging is firstly carried out, and the gas pressure is low and bulging is carried out at a low speed;
(4) The deformation amount of the bottommost end of the slab is the largest, the wall thickness is the thinnest, the height adjusting cylinder of the variable face die at the edge is lowered, and the cylinder at the middle position is raised; the middle of the slab starts to be attached to the molded surface of the bottom mold, deformation does not occur any more, and the edge of the slab continues to be formed;
(5) After the air bulge is deformed to a proper position, the middle part is separated from the molded surface of the bottom mold, and the deformation is continued;
(6) In the final forming stage, in order to enable the slab to be fully attached to the molded surface of the mold, larger pressure is applied and the pressure is maintained for a period of time, and the deformation amount is not large in the stage;
(7) And (5) after the processing is finished, taking out the machined part.
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| CN202110520951.1A CN113172143B (en) | 2021-05-13 | 2021-05-13 | Method for improving wall thickness uniformity of superplastic air-inflated forming part by using variable surface |
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| CN202110520951.1A CN113172143B (en) | 2021-05-13 | 2021-05-13 | Method for improving wall thickness uniformity of superplastic air-inflated forming part by using variable surface |
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| CN113172143B true CN113172143B (en) | 2023-09-12 |
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