CN111842637B - Composite forming die and forming method for titanium alloy deep cavity component - Google Patents
Composite forming die and forming method for titanium alloy deep cavity component Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN111842637B CN111842637B CN202010636652.XA CN202010636652A CN111842637B CN 111842637 B CN111842637 B CN 111842637B CN 202010636652 A CN202010636652 A CN 202010636652A CN 111842637 B CN111842637 B CN 111842637B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- die
- forming
- superplastic
- blank
- blank holder
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D35/00—Combined processes according to or processes combined with methods covered by groups B21D1/00 - B21D31/00
- B21D35/002—Processes combined with methods covered by groups B21D1/00 - B21D31/00
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D22/00—Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
- B21D22/20—Deep-drawing
- B21D22/201—Work-pieces; preparation of the work-pieces, e.g. lubricating, coating
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D22/00—Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
- B21D22/20—Deep-drawing
- B21D22/22—Deep-drawing with devices for holding the edge of the blanks
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D24/00—Special deep-drawing arrangements in, or in connection with, presses
- B21D24/04—Blank holders; Mounting means therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D26/00—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces
- B21D26/02—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces by applying fluid pressure
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D37/00—Tools as parts of machines covered by this subclass
- B21D37/10—Die sets; Pillar guides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D37/00—Tools as parts of machines covered by this subclass
- B21D37/16—Heating or cooling
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Shaping Metal By Deep-Drawing, Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a titanium alloy deep cavity component composite forming die and a forming method, wherein the forming method comprises the following steps: designing and processing a hot drawing forming die and a superplastic forming die according to the titanium alloy deep cavity component, and determining the size of a round blank; the hot drawing forming die is arranged and positioned on a forming machine; spraying aqueous graphite on the contact position of the flange, which is contacted with the blank holder, of the upper drawing die and the circular blank; differential heating of a hot drawing forming die and preheating of a round blank; clamping and deep drawing by using a hot drawing forming die to obtain a preformed piece; and placing the preformed piece into a superplastic forming die to perform superplastic forming of the deep cavity component. According to the invention, through the optimization design of forming dies and technological parameters and the combination of special technological processes, the precise forming of the titanium alloy special-shaped deep cavity component is realized, so that the forming technical bottleneck of the existing deep cavity component is broken through, the wrinkling and cracking defects are eliminated, the uniformity of wall thickness is optimized, the product quality and qualification rate are effectively improved, and the manufacturing and application requirements of the special-shaped component are met.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of titanium alloy deep cavity component processing, and particularly relates to a titanium alloy deep cavity component composite forming die and a forming method.
Background
The titanium alloy has the excellent physical and mechanical properties of small specific gravity, high specific strength, corrosion resistance, high temperature resistance and the like, and is widely applied to the fields of aerospace, ships, biomedical use, petrochemical industry and the like. The special-shaped titanium alloy deep cavity component with complex shapes such as box-shaped, spherical, conical, curved surface parts and the like, large section change, high precision and large cavity depth has larger forming difficulty, and along with the improvement of the requirement of structural function integration, higher requirements are also provided for the manufacturing process of the titanium alloy component.
The plasticity of the titanium alloy plate at high temperature can be obviously improved, the elongation is increased, the formability is obviously improved, and under proper deformation temperature and deformation rate, even the superplasticity of the titanium alloy can be utilized for carrying out large-strain thinning forming. Based on the characteristics, the titanium alloy precision thermoforming and superplastic forming process is widely applied to industrial production. However, the high temperature strain sensitivity of the titanium alloy makes the forming parameter window of the deep cavity component narrower, the defects of cracking, wrinkling and the like are easy to occur during deep drawing, the thinning of the small round corner part or the bottom is serious during superplastic forming, and the difficulty of controlling the uniformity of the wall thickness is high. Particularly for the components with complex shape and large inner cavity depth, the molding friendliness is poor. Therefore, aiming at the high-temperature softening and low-temperature hardening characteristics of the titanium alloy, the drawing/superplastic composite forming process with universality is developed by combining the characteristics of actual industrial production, and the method has important significance in solving the forming bottleneck of deep-cavity titanium alloy components, eliminating wrinkling and cracking defects, optimizing wall thickness uniformity, meeting the manufacturing application requirements of special-shaped components and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the defects of wrinkling and cracking, more forming passes, high cost, poor forming precision, serious wall thickness reduction at a local position, large subsequent machining amount and the like of a deep cavity component during single deep drawing forming, and provides a titanium alloy deep cavity component composite forming die and a forming method.
The technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
in a first aspect, a titanium alloy deep cavity component hot drawing forming die comprises: the hot drawing forming die comprises a drawing upper die, a blank holder and a drawing lower die;
the deep drawing upper die is fixedly arranged on an upper platform of the forming machine, is a female die and is consistent with a superplastic lower die structure of the superplastic forming die;
the blank holder is of a hollow plate frame structure and is used for directly bearing and fixing a round blank; the side surface of the blank holder is in threaded connection with two mutually perpendicular first positioning plates, and the upper drawing die and the lower drawing die are fixed on two sides of the blank holder by the first positioning plates, so that the three are installed and positioned on a forming machine;
the drawing lower die is fixedly arranged on a lower platform of the forming machine and is a male die, the drawing lower die comprises a drawing lower die bottom plate and a boss, a plurality of bottom plate through holes are formed in a non-boss area on the drawing lower die bottom plate, a push rod corresponding to the bottom plate through holes is arranged on the forming machine, the push rod penetrates through the bottom plate through holes and is used for supporting the blank holder, and the height of the push rod extending out of the bottom plate through holes is adjustable; the boss is fixed on the bottom plate of the drawing lower die and acts with the descending round blank to perform hot drawing preforming; the upper part of the boss is a hollow convex cap which is welded and fixed with the lower part of the boss, and the convex cap is machined to obtain a convex die surface; the gas cooling channel is arranged in the deep drawing lower die bottom plate and extends into the convex cap closed cavity, and cooling of the convex cap is implemented during deep drawing.
In a second aspect, a method for composite forming of a titanium alloy deep cavity component includes:
step 1, designing and processing a hot drawing forming die and a superplastic forming die according to the material marks, sizes and geometric shapes of titanium alloy deep cavity components; wherein the hot drawing die is the hot drawing die according to the first aspect;
and 8, placing the preformed piece into a superplastic forming die to superplastic the deep cavity component.
According to the composite forming die and the forming method for the titanium alloy deep cavity component, provided by the invention, the composite forming die and the forming method have the following beneficial effects:
(1) In the invention, the deep cavity component forming comprises two working procedures of hot deep drawing forming and superplastic forming, and the two forming processes share one set of female die, so that on one hand, the manufacturing cost of the die is saved, and the preformed piece can realize self-positioning when being placed in the superplastic forming die; on the other hand, when in deep drawing forming, a female die with a cavity matched with the shape of the final member is adopted, the inclination of the side wall of the preformed plate is larger, and the subsequent superplastic annular deformation is more uniform.
(2) In the invention, the uniformity of the wall thickness of the formed member is improved by manufacturing temperature differences at different parts of the round blank and by changing friction and fixing gaps:
(i) Based on the high-temperature softening and low-temperature hardening characteristics of the titanium alloy, the upper drawing die and the lower drawing die are heated in a differential temperature manner, the upper drawing die is high in temperature and the lower drawing die is low in temperature, meanwhile, cooling gas is introduced into the lower drawing die in the drawing process, the temperature of a contact position of a blank and the lower drawing die is quickly reduced, the fluidity of the material is reduced, the deformation resistance of a cracking dangerous area at the edge (a round angle) of a boss is increased, the temperature of the blank at a flange position is slowly reduced, the blank is softened more easily to move into a cavity to participate in deformation, and the uniformity of the wall thickness is further improved;
(ii) In the forming process, in order to facilitate the blank at the flange position to move into the cavity to reduce the excessive deep drawing of the local part of the blank in the cavity, the invention sprays water aqua graphite at the flange position of the upper deep drawing die and the blank pressing ring and at the contact position of the round blank and the flange, and does not spray water aqua graphite at the contact position of the round blank and the boss of the lower deep drawing die, so that the friction force of the contact position of the blank and the boss of the lower deep drawing die is larger, the friction force of the contact position of the blank and the flange position is smaller, and the blank at the flange position is easier to move into the cavity to participate in deformation due to the difference of the friction force, thereby effectively reducing the wall thickness reduction rate;
(iii) And a gap is formed between the upper drawing die and the blank holder through placing a cushion block during drawing, and the moving deformation resistance of the flange part of the round blank is further reduced due to the existence of the blank holder gap, so that the wall thickness reduction rate is controlled, and the wall thickness uniformity is optimized.
(3) In the invention, the mode of manufacturing the temperature difference and the variable friction and fixed clearance of different parts of the round blank is not only beneficial to improving the uniformity of the wall thickness of the formed member, but also eliminates the risk of local cracking in the drawing process.
(4) The invention can realize the precise forming of various deep cavity complex profile components such as box-shaped, spherical, cone-shaped, curved surface parts and the like by optimizing the profiles of the pre-drawing and superplastic forming dies and combining with the special process flow.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing a structure of a deep cavity type member hot drawing die according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 shows a cross-sectional view of the mold of FIG. 1;
figure 3 shows a cross-sectional view of a deep cavity type member superplastic forming die in a preferred embodiment of the invention.
Reference numerals illustrate:
1-drawing upper die, 2-round blank, 3-blank holder, 4-drawing lower die, 41-drawing lower die bottom plate, 42-boss, 421-convex cap, 5-first positioning plate, 6-positioning pin, 7-gas cooling channel, 8-ejector pin, 9-preformed piece, 11-superplastic upper die, 12-final component, 13-superplastic lower die, 14-vent, 15-second positioning plate, 16-vent hole, 17-seal groove.
Detailed Description
The features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent and clear from the following detailed description of the invention.
According to a first aspect of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, there is provided a titanium alloy deep cavity member hot drawing forming die including a drawing upper die 1, a blank holder 3, and a drawing lower die 4;
the deep drawing upper die 1 is fixedly arranged on an upper platform of the forming machine and is a female die, and is preferably consistent with the lower die structure of the superplastic forming die;
the blank holder 3 is of a hollow plate frame structure and is used for directly bearing and fixing the round blank 2; the side surface of the blank holder 3 is in threaded connection with two mutually perpendicular first positioning plates 5, and the upper drawing die 1 and the lower drawing die 4 are fixed on two sides of the blank holder 3 by the first positioning plates 5, so that the three are installed and positioned on a forming machine; a plurality of positioning pins 6 are fixed on the flange surface of the blank holder 3 opposite to the drawing upper die 1, and the round blank 2 is positioned on the blank holder 3 through the positioning pins 6;
the drawing lower die 4 is fixedly arranged on a lower platform of the forming machine and is a male die, the drawing lower die 4 comprises a drawing lower die bottom plate 41 and a boss 42, a plurality of bottom plate through holes are formed in a non-boss area on the drawing lower die bottom plate 41, a push rod 8 corresponding to the bottom plate through holes is arranged on the forming machine, the push rod 8 is arranged through the bottom plate through holes in a penetrating manner so as to support the blank holder 3, the height of the push rod 8 extending out of the bottom plate through holes is adjustable, and the height of the blank holder 3 is adjusted by controlling the height of the push rod 8; the boss 42 is fixed on the drawing lower die bottom plate 41 and acts with the descending round blank 2 to perform hot drawing preforming; the upper part of the boss 42 is a hollow convex cap 421 which is welded and fixed with the lower part of the boss 42 and machined to obtain a convex die surface; the gas cooling channel 7 is arranged in the drawing lower die bottom plate 41, the gas cooling channel 7 extends into the closed cavity of the convex cap 421, and cooling of the convex cap 421 is implemented during drawing.
Further, the positioning pins 6 may be three positioning pins at 90 ° or three positioning pins at 120 ° each other, and the circular blank 2 may be positioned in different directions.
Further, after the blank holder 3 and the drawing lower die 4 are positioned on the forming machine, the unilateral clearance between the blank holder 3 and the side surface of the bottom of the boss 42 is 0.5-1.0 mm, and the blank holder 3 is guided by the boss 42.
Further, when the ejector rod 8 is not lifted, the upper end of the ejector rod 8 is positioned in the through hole of the bottom plate, the distance between the upper end of the ejector rod and the upper surface of the bottom plate 41 of the deep drawing lower die is 3-5 mm, and the unilateral clearance between the upper end of the ejector rod and the through hole of the bottom plate is 2-4 mm.
Further, temperature measuring holes are respectively formed in the side surfaces of the upper drawing die 1, the blank holder 3 and the lower drawing die 4, and the bottoms of the holes are close to the molded surface as much as possible in order to ensure temperature measuring accuracy.
According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a composite forming method of a titanium alloy deep cavity member, comprising:
step 1, designing and processing a hot drawing forming die and a superplastic forming die according to the material marks, sizes and geometric shapes of titanium alloy deep cavity components; the thermal drawing forming die meets the structural design of the first aspect, and a drawing upper die of the thermal drawing forming die is consistent with a lower die of the superplastic forming die;
and 8, placing the preformed piece 9 into a superplastic forming die to superplastic the deep cavity component.
In the invention, in the step 5, the temperature of an upper platform of a forming machine is increased to 750-850 ℃, the temperature of a lower platform is increased to 250-350 ℃, and finally the temperature of a drawing upper die is ensured to be 650-700 ℃.
In step 6, the round blank is preheated to 700-750 ℃.
Before preheating, ti1# anti-oxidation protective coating is sprayed on the upper surface and the lower surface of the round blank 2, aqueous graphite is sprayed on the contact position of the round blank with the flange of the drawing upper die 1 and the flange of the blank holder 3, and aqueous graphite is not sprayed on the contact position of the round blank with the drawing lower die 4.
In the step 7, the descending speed of the upper drawing die 1 and the blank holder 3 is 1-3 mm/s.
In the step 7, a gap exists between the upper drawing die 1 and the blank holder 3, and the gap height is 1.1-1.2 times of the thickness of the plate material, and is preferably controlled by placing a cushion block. A plurality of cushion blocks are symmetrically arranged on the periphery of the round blank 2 on the blank holder 3 before the drawing upper die 1 descends to compress the round blank 2.
In the step 7, the blank holder force is determined according to the thickness of the round blank, the material strength and the diameter of the round blank, and the lower limit value of the blank holder force is taken under the condition of ensuring no wrinkling or small wrinkling tendency so as to improve the uniformity of the wall thickness.
In the invention, as shown in fig. 3, a superplastic forming die comprises a superplastic upper die 11 and a superplastic lower die (female die) 13, wherein the superplastic upper die 11 is fixedly arranged on an upper platform of a forming machine, the superplastic lower die (female die) 13 is fixedly arranged on a lower platform of the forming machine, the superplastic upper die 11 and the superplastic lower die 13 are positioned by two second positioning plates 15 which are in threaded connection with the side surfaces of the superplastic lower die 13 and are mutually and vertically distributed, the superplastic lower die 13 is longitudinally provided with a cavity, the shape of the cavity is matched with that of a final component 12, and the bottom of the cavity is provided with an exhaust hole 16; the upper superplastic die 11 is provided with a vent hole 14, the vent hole 14 is connected with a gas path, and the preformed piece is downwards attached to the lower superplastic die 13 of the superplastic forming die through the air inlet pressure.
Further, the cavity of the superplastic lower die 13 is scaled according to the size of the final component, and the scaling factor is 7-9 per mill, such as 8 per mill.
Further, two layers of concentric sealing grooves 17 are formed in the flange surface of the superplastic upper die 11.
Further, temperature measuring holes are respectively formed on the superplastic upper die 11 and the superplastic lower die (female die) 13. The bottom of the hole is as close to the cavity as possible.
step 8.1, cleaning the surface of the preformed piece 9, and spraying a high-temperature antioxidant;
step 8.2, placing the preformed piece 9 in a superplastic forming die, wherein the upper drawing die 1 adopts the lower superplastic die 13, so that the preformed piece can realize self-positioning when being placed in the superplastic forming die;
step 8.3, heating the superplastic forming die, and selecting different target temperatures according to different brands of the titanium alloy;
and 8.4, the superplastic upper die 11 and the superplastic lower die 13 are clamped to form a closed cavity completely, the closed cavity is communicated with an external air source through an air vent 14 on the superplastic upper die 11, argon is introduced into the closed cavity, and ventilation is stopped when the plate is formed into a final shape, so that superplastic forming is completed.
In step 8.1, the high temperature antioxidant is selected from boron nitride paint.
In step 8.3, the superplastic forming die is heated to 850-950 ℃.
In step 8.4, the plate material at the flange face is fully creep-charged with seal groove 17 before argon is loaded, so that air leakage during superplastic forming is prevented.
In step 8.4, argon loading is generally performed in a step loading mode, and finite element simulation simplification can be adopted to obtain the argon loading.
In step 8.4, the argon pressure is generally 1 to 4MPa depending on the titanium alloy plate thickness and the member geometry.
Examples
Example 1
Taking a TA15 titanium alloy hemispherical deep drawing piece as an example, the external dimension is shown in figure 3, the thickness of the component is 4mm, and the total height is 320mm.
The specific forming process comprises the following steps:
step (1) determining the size of a blank: a TA15 titanium alloy raw material plate with the thickness of 7mm required by forming is selected, and according to the characteristics of the component, the allowance and the technological flange edge (shown in figure 1) are supplemented, and the blanking size is determined to be 7 multiplied by phi 900mm.
Designing a forming die: designing and manufacturing a die required by hot drawing forming and superplastic forming, and properly reducing the size of a cavity of the superplastic forming die according to the size of the titanium alloy hemispherical member, wherein the scaling factor is 8 per mill.
Step (3) preparation of forming: and graphite is sprayed on the flange positions of the upper drawing die and the blank holder, so that the lubricity is improved. The upper drawing die and the blank holder rise, the die is heated, the opening and closing distance between the upper platform and the lower platform is maximized during heating, the temperature of the upper platform is raised to 800-850 ℃, the temperature of the lower platform is raised to 250-300 ℃, and the temperature of the upper drawing die is 670-700 ℃. Before forming, spraying Ti1# oxidation-resistant protective coating on the round blank, spraying graphite on the contact position of the round blank and the lower drawing die, spraying graphite on the contact position of the round blank and the flange, and then preheating the round blank to 670-700 ℃ in a box-type furnace. The gas cooling channel of the drawing lower die is connected with a compressed gas pipeline, compressed gas is cooled by liquid nitrogen before entering the drawing lower die, and cooling gas circulates in a closed cavity of the drawing lower die during forming, so that the surface temperature of a convex cap of the drawing lower die is reduced. Cushion blocks are placed at four corners of the blank holder before forming, and the thickness of the cushion blocks is 8mm.
And (4) deep drawing and forming the plate: the ejector rod descends, the upper plane of the blank holder exceeds the highest point of the drawing lower die, a preheated blank is placed, the round blank is positioned by a positioning pin, the drawing upper die descends to compress the round blank, then the drawing upper die, the round blank and the blank holder simultaneously descend at the descending speed of 1mm/s until die assembly is completed, and the preformed piece is taken out.
And (5) superplastic final forming: cleaning the surface of the preformed piece, and spraying boron nitride coating. Placing the preform. And the superplastic forming die is heated to the target temperature of 900-940 ℃, the superplastic upper die and the superplastic lower die are clamped to form a closed cavity completely, the closed cavity is communicated with an external air source through an air vent on the superplastic upper die, argon is introduced into the closed cavity in a step loading mode, and the maximum pressure of the argon is 3MPa. And stopping ventilation when the plate is formed into a final shape, completing superplastic forming, and taking out the superplastic forming piece along the piece taking groove.
The TA15 titanium alloy hemispherical member prepared by adopting the embodiment has the dimensional precision of less than +/-0.4 mm, the profile precision of less than +/-0.2 mm, the surface roughness Ra3.2, the uniformity of wall thickness, the maximum thinning rate of 35 percent and no wrinkling and cracking tendency.
Example 2
Taking a TC4 titanium alloy hemispherical deep-drawing piece as an example, the external dimension of the hemispherical deep-drawing piece is shown in figure 3, the thickness of the component is 3mm, and the total height is 270mm.
The specific forming process comprises the following steps:
step (1) determining the size of a blank: the TC4 titanium alloy raw material plate with the thickness of 6mm required by forming is selected, the allowance and the technological flange edge (shown in figure 1) are supplemented according to the characteristics of the component, and the blanking size is determined to be 6 multiplied by phi 800mm.
Designing a forming die: designing and manufacturing a die required by hot drawing forming and superplastic forming, and properly reducing the size of a cavity of the superplastic forming die according to the size of the titanium alloy hemispherical member, wherein the scaling factor is 8 per mill.
Step (3) preparation of forming: and graphite is sprayed on the flange positions of the upper drawing die and the blank holder, so that the lubricity is improved. And (3) lifting the upper die pressing edge ring, heating the die, and ensuring that the opening and closing distance between the upper platform and the lower platform is maximum during lifting, wherein the temperature of the upper platform is raised to 750-800 ℃, the temperature of the lower platform is raised to 300-350 ℃, and the temperature of the upper die pressing is 650-680 ℃. Before forming, spraying Ti1# oxidation-resistant protective coating on the round blank, spraying graphite on the contact position of the round blank and the lower drawing die, spraying graphite on the contact position of the round blank and the flange, and then preheating the round blank to 650-680 ℃ in a box-type furnace. The gas cooling channel of the drawing lower die is connected with a compressed gas pipeline, compressed gas is cooled by liquid nitrogen before entering the drawing lower die, and cooling gas circulates in a closed cavity of the drawing lower die during forming, so that the surface temperature of a convex cap of the drawing lower die is reduced. Cushion blocks are placed at four corners of the blank holder before forming, and the thickness of the cushion blocks is 7mm.
And (4) deep drawing and forming the plate: the ejector rod descends, the upper plane of the blank holder exceeds the highest point of the drawing lower die, a preheated blank is placed, the round blank is positioned by a positioning pin, the drawing upper die descends to compress the round blank, then the drawing upper die, the round blank and the blank holder simultaneously descend at the descending speed of 2mm/s until die assembly is completed, and the preformed piece is taken out.
And (5) superplastic final forming: cleaning the surface of the preformed piece, and spraying boron nitride coating. Placing the preform. The superplastic forming die is heated to the target temperature of 880-920 ℃, the superplastic upper die and the superplastic lower die are clamped to form a closed cavity completely, the closed cavity is communicated with an external air source through an air vent on the superplastic upper die, argon is introduced into the closed cavity in a step loading mode, and the maximum pressure of the argon is 2.5MPa. And stopping ventilation when the plate is formed into a final shape, completing superplastic forming, and taking out the superplastic forming piece along the piece taking groove.
The TA15 titanium alloy hemispherical member prepared by adopting the embodiment has the dimensional accuracy of less than +/-0.3 mm, the profile accuracy of less than +/-0.2 mm, the surface roughness Ra3.2, the uniformity of wall thickness, the maximum thinning rate of 38 percent and no wrinkling and cracking tendency.
The invention has been described in detail in connection with the specific embodiments and exemplary examples thereof, but such description is not to be construed as limiting the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that various equivalent substitutions, modifications or improvements may be made to the technical solution of the present invention and its embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and these fall within the scope of the present invention. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims.
What is not described in detail in the present specification is a well known technology to those skilled in the art.
Claims (7)
1. A composite forming method of a titanium alloy deep cavity component is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, designing and processing a hot drawing forming die and a superplastic forming die according to the material marks, sizes and geometric shapes of titanium alloy deep cavity components; the hot drawing forming die comprises a drawing upper die, a blank holder and a drawing lower die; the deep drawing upper die is fixedly arranged on an upper platform of the forming machine, is a female die and is consistent with a superplastic lower die structure of the superplastic forming die; the blank holder is of a hollow plate frame structure and is used for directly bearing and fixing a round blank; the side surface of the blank holder is in threaded connection with two mutually perpendicular first positioning plates, and the upper drawing die and the lower drawing die are fixed on two sides of the blank holder by the first positioning plates, so that the three are installed and positioned on a forming machine; the drawing lower die is fixedly arranged on a lower platform of the forming machine and is a male die, the drawing lower die comprises a drawing lower die bottom plate and a boss, a plurality of bottom plate through holes are formed in a non-boss area on the drawing lower die bottom plate, a push rod corresponding to the bottom plate through holes is arranged on the forming machine, the push rod penetrates through the bottom plate through holes and is used for supporting the blank holder, and the height of the push rod extending out of the bottom plate through holes is adjustable; the boss is fixed on the bottom plate of the drawing lower die and acts with the descending round blank to perform hot drawing preforming; the upper part of the boss is a hollow convex cap which is welded and fixed with the lower part of the boss, and the convex cap is machined to obtain a convex die surface; a gas cooling channel is arranged in the deep drawing lower die bottom plate, the gas cooling channel extends into the convex cap closed cavity, and cooling of the convex cap is implemented during deep drawing;
step 2, performing hot drawing deep forming numerical simulation according to the size and the shape of the deep cavity member, determining the net size of the round blank, adding forming allowance in the radial direction for the plate, and determining the final round blank size;
step 3, mounting the deep drawing lower die on a lower platform of a forming machine, and inserting an ejector rod into the lower platform along a through hole of a bottom plate; the blank holder is sleeved on the periphery of the boss and is placed on a bottom plate of the drawing lower die, the lower part of the first positioning plate is in close contact with the side surface of the drawing lower die, the upper part of the first positioning plate is in close contact with the side surface of the drawing upper die, the drawing upper die and the drawing lower die are aligned and positioned, and the first positioning plate and the second positioning plate are respectively fixed on an upper platform and a lower platform of the forming machine through screw components after being positioned;
step 4, spraying aqueous graphite on the flange position where the upper drawing die and the blank holder are contacted;
step 5, the upper platform of the forming machine drives the upper drawing die to move upwards until the opening and closing distance between the upper drawing die and the lower platform is maximum, the ejector rod supports the blank holder to move upwards until the blank holder contacts with the upper drawing die, and then the upper drawing die, the blank holder and the lower drawing die are heated and heated respectively; the temperature of an upper platform of a forming machine is increased to 750-850 ℃, the temperature of a lower platform is increased to 250-350 ℃, and a drawing upper die is heated to 650-700 ℃;
step 6, preheating the round blank; before preheating, spraying an anti-oxidation protective coating on the upper surface and the lower surface of the round blank, spraying aqueous graphite on the contact position of the round blank with the flange of the drawing upper die and the flange of the blank holder, and spraying no aqueous graphite on the rest parts;
step 7, the ejector rod descends, the upper plane of the blank holder exceeds the highest point of the deep drawing lower die, and the preheated round blank is placed on the blank holder; drawing the upper die downwards, compacting the round blank, then drawing the upper die, the round blank and the blank holder downwards simultaneously until die assembly is completed, drawing and forming are completed, and taking out the preformed piece; in the drawing process, the surface of the convex cap of the drawing lower die is cooled by compressed air cooled by liquid nitrogen; a gap exists between the deep drawing upper die and the blank holder, the height of the gap is 1.1-1.2 times of the thickness of the plate, and the gap is controlled by placing a cushion block;
step 8, placing the preformed piece into a superplastic forming die to perform superplastic forming of the deep cavity component; the deep cavity component superplastic forming comprises the following substeps:
step 8.1, cleaning the surface of the preformed piece, and spraying high-temperature antioxidant boron nitride coating;
step 8.2, placing the preformed piece in a superplastic forming die; the super-plastic forming die comprises a super-plastic upper die and a super-plastic lower die, wherein the super-plastic upper die is fixedly arranged on an upper platform of a forming machine, and a flange surface of the super-plastic upper die is provided with two layers of concentric sealing grooves; the upper superplastic mould and the lower superplastic mould are positioned by two second positioning plates which are in threaded connection with the side surfaces of the lower superplastic mould and are distributed vertically, and the upper superplastic mould is provided with vent holes which are connected with a gas circuit; the superplastic lower die is longitudinally provided with a die cavity, the die cavity is matched with the shape of the final component, and the bottom of the die cavity is provided with an exhaust hole;
step 8.3, heating the superplastic forming die to 850-950 ℃;
8.4, the upper superplastic die and the lower superplastic die are clamped to form a closed cavity completely, the closed cavity is communicated with an external air source through an air vent on the upper superplastic die, 1-4 MPa of argon is introduced into the closed cavity, and ventilation is stopped when the plate is formed into a final shape, so that superplastic forming is completed; before argon is loaded, the plate at the flange face is fully creeping and full of the sealing groove, and air leakage during superplastic forming is prevented.
2. The composite forming method of the titanium alloy deep cavity component according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of positioning pins are fixed on a flange surface of the blank holder opposite to the drawing upper die, and the round blank is positioned on the blank holder through the positioning pins.
3. The composite forming method of the titanium alloy deep cavity component according to claim 1, wherein after the blank holder and the deep drawing lower die are positioned on a forming machine, the unilateral gap between the blank holder and the side surface of the bottom of the boss is 0.5-1.0 mm.
4. The composite forming method of the titanium alloy deep cavity component according to claim 1, wherein temperature measuring holes are respectively formed in the side surfaces of the upper drawing die, the blank holder and the lower drawing die, and the bottoms of the temperature measuring holes are close to the molded surface.
5. The method of composite forming a titanium alloy deep cavity member according to claim 1, wherein in step 6, the round billet is preheated to 700 ℃ to 750 ℃.
6. The composite forming method of a titanium alloy deep cavity member according to claim 1, wherein in step 7, the descending speed of the drawing upper die and the blank holder is 1-3 mm/s.
7. The composite forming method of the titanium alloy deep cavity component according to claim 1, wherein in the step 8.2, the cavity of the superplastic lower die is scaled according to the size of the final component, and the scaling coefficient is 7-9 per mill.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010636652.XA CN111842637B (en) | 2020-07-03 | 2020-07-03 | Composite forming die and forming method for titanium alloy deep cavity component |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010636652.XA CN111842637B (en) | 2020-07-03 | 2020-07-03 | Composite forming die and forming method for titanium alloy deep cavity component |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN111842637A CN111842637A (en) | 2020-10-30 |
| CN111842637B true CN111842637B (en) | 2023-07-14 |
Family
ID=73153635
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010636652.XA Active CN111842637B (en) | 2020-07-03 | 2020-07-03 | Composite forming die and forming method for titanium alloy deep cavity component |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN111842637B (en) |
Families Citing this family (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112404263A (en) * | 2020-11-23 | 2021-02-26 | 广汽丰田汽车有限公司 | Blank holder and drawing die of drawing die |
| CN112742949B (en) * | 2020-11-27 | 2023-01-17 | 北京星航机电装备有限公司 | Thermal forming device and forming method for aluminum alloy thin-wall large-size end socket structural part |
| CN112719077A (en) * | 2020-12-15 | 2021-04-30 | 中国航发哈尔滨轴承有限公司 | Stamping head tool for semi-circular head rivet |
| CN112935729B (en) * | 2021-02-23 | 2023-01-31 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Uniformity control method for large-diameter-variable double-cone part during superplastic forming |
| CN113399531B (en) * | 2021-06-15 | 2022-06-10 | 中南大学 | Forming method of thin-wall metal component and die for forming |
| CN113770243A (en) * | 2021-09-10 | 2021-12-10 | 大连理工大学 | Forming method of deep-cavity thin-wall metal component with extremely-small fillet radius |
| CN113996711B (en) * | 2021-11-05 | 2024-02-06 | 北京星航机电装备有限公司 | High-temperature titanium alloy skin hot drawing and flatulence composite forming method |
| CN114799001A (en) * | 2022-03-30 | 2022-07-29 | 西安航天发动机有限公司 | Hot processing method for forming large-size storage box hemisphere blank by adopting single-action hydraulic press |
| CN114505573B (en) * | 2022-04-20 | 2022-07-15 | 成都飞机工业（集团）有限责任公司 | Superplastic forming and diffusion bonding die and preparation method of thin-wall large-inclination-angle part |
| CN114505395B (en) * | 2022-04-21 | 2022-06-17 | 河北工业大学 | Variable-speed liquid-filling-ultrasonic-laser composite forming method and system for thin-wall component |
| CN115122047B (en) * | 2022-06-15 | 2023-12-19 | 浙江飞剑工贸有限公司 | Manufacturing method of inner titanium and outer stainless steel vacuum heat-preserving container |
| CN116550868B (en) * | 2023-07-10 | 2023-09-05 | 自贡长盈精密技术有限公司 | Continuous stamping device and method for metal polar plate of fuel cell |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5361617A (en) * | 1992-05-27 | 1994-11-08 | Isoform | Device for drawing sheet material on a drawing die composed of elastically yieldable material |
| CN108723160A (en) * | 2018-06-22 | 2018-11-02 | 西安飞机工业（集团）有限责任公司 | A kind of manufacturing process and shaping dies of thin-walled spherical part |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP3317085B2 (en) * | 1995-05-10 | 2002-08-19 | 日本鋼管株式会社 | Sheet material drawing method and apparatus |
| US7047779B2 (en) * | 2004-01-12 | 2006-05-23 | General Motors Corporation | Curvilinear punch motion for double-action hot stretch-forming |
| CN102107244A (en) * | 2009-12-23 | 2011-06-29 | 沈阳黎明航空发动机(集团)有限责任公司 | Method for forming thin-walled parts through stamping and drawing |
| CN204108069U (en) * | 2014-09-16 | 2015-01-21 | 河池学院 | A kind of sheet metal hydro-drawing building mortion |
| CN105344819B (en) * | 2015-11-27 | 2017-11-28 | 沈阳飞机工业（集团）有限公司 | The isothermal forming mould and its manufacturing process of deep camber titanium alloy covering part |
| CN109985955B (en) * | 2019-05-14 | 2020-09-01 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Isothermal hot drawing forming device and method for controlling wall thickness uniformity of component |
| CN110479843B (en) * | 2019-09-23 | 2020-10-02 | 北京航星机器制造有限公司 | Forming die and multi-pass forming method of hemispherical component |
-
2020
- 2020-07-03 CN CN202010636652.XA patent/CN111842637B/en active Active
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5361617A (en) * | 1992-05-27 | 1994-11-08 | Isoform | Device for drawing sheet material on a drawing die composed of elastically yieldable material |
| CN108723160A (en) * | 2018-06-22 | 2018-11-02 | 西安飞机工业（集团）有限责任公司 | A kind of manufacturing process and shaping dies of thin-walled spherical part |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN111842637A (en) | 2020-10-30 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN111842637B (en) | Composite forming die and forming method for titanium alloy deep cavity component | |
| CN105344790B (en) | Aluminium alloy thin-walled dome head integral forming method | |
| CN102699094B (en) | Die used in extrusion moulding of high-precision complex copper alloy thrust bearing seat | |
| CN109226750B (en) | Rapid forming method for powder titanium alloy blade prefabricated blank with damping boss | |
| CN109692911B (en) | Integral forming device and method for large-scale ring shell part | |
| CN1935409A (en) | Die forging process for manufacturing sputtering target and its dic-forging-extruding die | |
| CN102641955A (en) | Mould capable of forming three-way pipe on one-way pressure machine and forming method thereof | |
| CN112296111B (en) | Plastic forming method of large-scale complex special-shaped structural part | |
| CN111229948A (en) | Superplastic forming die and method for large titanium alloy double-curvature angle part | |
| CN105057529A (en) | Extrusion forming method for hollow shaft forged piece with variable cross section | |
| CN112719092B (en) | Metal plate forming die with titanium alloy variable-wall-thickness groove structure and application thereof | |
| CN111774487B (en) | Large depth-diameter ratio rotary thin-wall titanium alloy component and forming method thereof | |
| CN110961872B (en) | Preparation method of large-size titanium alloy seamless deep-hole cylinder | |
| CN115647181A (en) | Cold forming method for flexible medium of large-diameter titanium alloy inner U-shaped inner ring | |
| CN117500763A (en) | Method for forming glass articles, in particular three-dimensionally formed sheet glass articles, device for carrying out said method and use of a metal melt for carrying out said method | |
| CN115382972A (en) | Concave curve titanium alloy angle section forming method | |
| CN109834181B (en) | Hot-press forming device and hot-press forming method for magnesium alloy plate, magnesium alloy plate and application of magnesium alloy plate | |
| CN113828678B (en) | Controllable gas-assisted light alloy metal plate cold die hot forming method | |
| CN113787306B (en) | Flow control accurate thermal forming method for combustion chamber cap cover | |
| CN113172143B (en) | Method for improving wall thickness uniformity of superplastic air-inflated forming part by using variable surface | |
| CN112779382B (en) | Heat treatment method for hot work die steel | |
| CN211915251U (en) | Superplastic forming die for large titanium alloy double-curvature angle part | |
| CN111940582B (en) | Light alloy thin-wall curved surface part partition die pressing forming method | |
| CN106670364A (en) | Variable-section thin-wall stainless steel hemisphere seal forming method | |
| CN209759292U (en) | Hot pneumatic forming device and forming system for curved glass |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |