CN113153302B - Upper and lower plate surrounding rock crushing control method suitable for thin-vein deposit stoping - Google Patents
Upper and lower plate surrounding rock crushing control method suitable for thin-vein deposit stoping Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN113153302B CN113153302B CN202110154495.3A CN202110154495A CN113153302B CN 113153302 B CN113153302 B CN 113153302B CN 202110154495 A CN202110154495 A CN 202110154495A CN 113153302 B CN113153302 B CN 113153302B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- stope
- hole
- blasting
- holes
- rock
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C41/00—Methods of underground or surface mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/16—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/22—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor for ores, e.g. mining placers
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D20/00—Setting anchoring-bolts
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D21/00—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection
- E21D21/0026—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection characterised by constructional features of the bolts
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D3/00—Particular applications of blasting techniques
- F42D3/04—Particular applications of blasting techniques for rock blasting
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of mining control, and discloses an upper and lower plate broken surrounding rock control method suitable for thin vein deposit stoping, which comprises the steps of arranging layered oblique angle anchor rod supports at different heights on a stope, reinforcing the thickness of a rock body in the direction vertical to the inclination direction of an ore body to form a bearing layer, sectionally supporting the surrounding rock in the direction of the inclination of the ore body, and limiting the surrounding rock from sliding down along the inclination direction of the ore body; and blasting the stope by using an upper and lower plate hole smooth surface double-control blasting method to form a smooth surface on the surfaces of the upper and lower plate rock bodies. The layered oblique angle anchor rod supports are arranged at different heights of stopes, so that the surrounding rock is supported in a segmented mode in the oblique direction of the ore body, and the ore body is further limited from falling along the inclination of the ore body. And secondly, by utilizing the upper and lower plate hole light surface double-control blasting technology, the damage effect of the blasting vibration of the stope on the upper and lower plate surrounding rocks is reduced, the integrity of the upper and lower plate surrounding rocks is effectively ensured, and the stope stability is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of mining control, and particularly relates to an upper and lower plate surrounding rock crushing control method suitable for thin vein deposit stoping.
Background
At present, for a vein-shaped metal deposit, as the mining depth is increased, the primary stress of a rock body is continuously increased, the occurrence environment of surrounding rocks is gradually worsened, particularly, the surrounding rocks are mostly soft and broken when the ore contacts with the surrounding rocks, and under the influence of blasting vibration and secondary stress of ore body mining, the surrounding rocks of an upper plate and a lower plate are subjected to different degrees of slipping and falling in the mining process of the ore body, so that the span of a stope is continuously enlarged, the exposed area of a top plate is gradually increased, and the safety recovery of the ore vein is seriously influenced. And with the continuous concentration of the secondary stress of the upper mining, the stope ground pressure appearance is gradually worsened. At present, the phenomenon becomes a common problem of most of the existing broken surrounding rock stopes. The difficult-to-mine ore bodies in the stopes are generally high in grade and large in ore quantity, and the method is particularly important for old mines with increasingly reduced reserves. How to recycle the ore body with low lean loss is an urgent problem to be solved in mines on the premise of ensuring safety.
The thin vein stoped by the shrinkage method is adopted, the upper and lower walls of rock bodies are limited by ores in a stope in the direction perpendicular to the inclination direction of the ore bodies in the process of stoping, and are not easy to move. Meanwhile, because the stope space is small, the destructive effect of the blasting vibration of the stope on the upper and lower disks is also an important cause of the collapse of the surrounding rocks.
At present, roof and surrounding rocks of an upper and a lower plate of a stope are easy to collapse in the process of mining the steeply inclined thin ore vein, the safety of operating personnel is seriously threatened, and the main control method comprises the following aspects.
(1) Key point cross brace strut
Although the shrinkage mining method depends on ore piles to support the upper and lower hanging wall rock bodies, the discrete bodies are different from the continuous rock bodies, the ore drawing process is also a process of continuously exposing the hanging wall rock bodies, the longer the stope length is, the larger the exposed area of the hanging wall is, and the unstable sliding span of the plate-shaped cracked rock bodies is induced under the action of horizontal stress. Point type support is adopted in key areas of the upper and lower panels of the whole stope, so that the exposed span of the upper panel is reduced, horizontal tectonic stress is resisted to a certain extent, and the integrity of the upper panel rock mass is protected. In the actual extraction process, the transverse support of the upper tray and the lower tray is usually implemented by a method of reserving primary ore pillars between the upper tray and the lower tray, so that the tensile stress distribution area of the rock mass of the upper tray and the lower tray is improved. The sliding of the upper and lower plate rock masses is limited to a certain extent. However, the construction difficulty of the supporting ore pillars in the stope mining process is high, and the reserved ore pillars are extremely easy to damage in the subsequent frequent ore drawing process, so that the supporting effect is lost. Meanwhile, the primary ore pillars between the upper and lower plates are reserved in different areas of the chamber, so that the ore loss rate is increased.
2. Top and bottom plate rock anchor bolt support
The method of anchor bolt support is generally adopted for surrounding rocks which are layered and fall or fall and have broken structural surface development, a layer-penetrating anchor bolt is constructed for upper and lower plate rock masses, and the bearing thickness of the upper and lower plate rock masses is increased by utilizing the combined beam effect of the anchor bolt, so that the self-stability of the rock mass is improved. Under the anchor rod anchoring effect, the integrality of surrounding rocks cannot be damaged by the friction drag effect of the surrounding rocks and ores in the subsequent ore drawing process. However, the mining space of the thin vein deposit is narrow (the mining width is 1-1.2 m), stope mining is usually carried out on the upward drilling in construction, the anchor rod drilling difficulty of utilizing a shallow hole drilling machine to construct the anchor rod perpendicular to the upper and lower plates of rock mass is large, the anchor rod with a certain length is large in construction difficulty and long in working time consumption, each layered construction anchor rod enables stope mining efficiency to be greatly reduced, and meanwhile, the cost of mining support is increased.
2. Static shrinkage method
In the stope mining process, after each layer blasting, firstly, a wood ore pass is manually erected on one side of a stope, one third of ores in the layer are raked out of the wood ore pass by a scraper, the rest two thirds of ores are remained in a stope in a static state, the upper and lower wall surrounding rocks are supported, the upper layer mining is continuously completed, and after all the mining is completed, the ores in the stope are discharged from a bottom hopper. The method replaces integral ore drawing with local ore drawing, reduces the friction and traction action of the repeated flowing of the ore on the surrounding rocks of the upper and lower trays, and prevents the slipping of the surrounding rocks in the ore drawing process. However, in the method, as the scraper is used for ore removal, a layered scraper chamber and a special scraper equipment well are required to be constructed, so that the mining cost is increased, the scraper and a prefabricated artificial ore pass are required to be moved for mining on each layer, the mining efficiency is reduced, and meanwhile, the surrounding rock is crushed, so that the construction and supporting difficulty of the scraper chamber is high.
Through the above analysis, the problems and defects of the prior art are as follows: the existing thin ore vein adopts the traditional shallow hole shrinkage method for stoping, the stope blasting adopts a common Z-shaped blast hole, the damage effect of the vibration effect generated by the blasting on the upper and lower surrounding rocks is large, the upper and lower surrounding rocks crack along the structural surface, the upper and lower surrounding rocks are driven to slide and fall off along with the sliding of ores in the ore drawing process of each layered stope, the mining amplitude is continuously enlarged, the exposed area of a top plate is continuously increased, the falling slope of the upper and lower surrounding rocks in the stope process is further induced, and finally the whole stope cannot be stoped. The ore loss rate is increased.
The difficulty in solving the above problems and defects is: the main difficulty of the problems is that the stoping amplitude cannot be controlled, and the main reasons include two aspects, namely, surrounding rock crushing, structural surface development and cracking and falling of the surrounding rock along the structural surface caused by the blasting vibration of a stope. Secondly, the traction action of the ores on the surrounding rocks of the upper and lower trays in the ore drawing process enables the broken surrounding rocks to slide along the stope. The difficulty in controlling swath is thus the damping of the small swath boundary and the fixed support of the surrounding rock along the swath dip.
The significance of solving the problems and the defects is as follows: by controlling the mining amplitude, the mining height of the stope under the environment of broken surrounding rocks is greatly improved, and the ground pressure activity of the stope roof and the side wall can be effectively controlled by adopting high-subsection anchor rod support and hollow hole double-control blasting, so that the safety of mining on the stope is ensured. Therefore, the mining recovery rate is improved, the safety risk of thin ore vein upward mining under the environment of broken surrounding rocks is reduced, and high-safety and low-loss ore body recovery is realized.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a control method for crushing surrounding rocks by an upper plate and a lower plate, which is suitable for thin-vein deposit stoping.
The invention is realized in this way, a control method of upper and lower plate broken surrounding rock suitable for thin vein deposit mining, comprising:
and a method for performing crushing surrounding rock cooperative control by adopting high-segmentation anchor rod support and hollow hole double-control blasting.
Further, the control method for crushing the surrounding rock by the upper and lower discs, which is suitable for the thin vein deposit stoping, comprises the following steps:
step one, arranging layered oblique angle anchor rod supports at different heights on a stope, reinforcing the thickness of a rock body in the direction perpendicular to the inclination direction of an ore body to form a bearing layer, and supporting surrounding rocks in a segmented manner in the inclination direction of the ore body to limit the surrounding rocks from falling along the inclination direction of the ore body;
and step two, carrying out stope blasting by using an upper and lower disk hole smooth surface double control blasting method to form smooth surfaces on the surfaces of the upper and lower disk rock bodies.
Further, different height settings layering oblique angle anchor bolt support on stope include: and carrying out anchor rod support every 10m in the stope from the lower part of the layer to the upper part of the layer.
Further, the anchor rods are tube seam type anchor rods, the row spacing of the anchor rods is 3m, and 2 anchor rods are arranged on the upper disc and the lower disc respectively; the length of the anchor rod is 1.8m, and the installation angle and the two sides form an included angle of 45 degrees.
Further, the stope blasting by using the upper and lower disc hole smooth surface double-control blasting method comprises the following steps:
each layered stoping is pushed from the middle to two sides of a stope;
forming an explosion free surface in the middle of the stope by multi-cone undermining, wherein the undermining hole is cut by three-stage multi-cone undermining; main blasting holes and empty holes are drilled along the length direction of the stope, the empty holes are arranged along the boundaries of the two sides of the stope, namely the upper and lower disks of rock mass, the main blasting holes are arranged in the middle, and the main blasting holes are arranged in a Z shape.
Further, the stope blasting by using the upper and lower disc hole smooth surface double control blasting method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) controlling blasting by side wall empty holes:
performing undermining operation in the middle of a stope, wherein 10 undermining holes are arranged in total, 4 undermining holes, namely 0# and 1# are arranged in the center, and the hole depth is 464.5 mm; 4 secondary wedge-shaped cut holes 2# and 3# are arranged in the middle, and the hole depth is 1104 mm; 2 three-stage wedge-shaped cut holes 4# and 5# are arranged on the outer side, and the hole depth is 2128 mm; the diameter of the blast hole is 38-40 mm;
the main blast holes for stope blasting adopt zigzag hole distribution, and simultaneously, 2 evacuation holes are distributed along stope surrounding rocks;
(2) slotted hole millisecond differential blasting:
detonating by adopting a 1-series millisecond delay detonating tube detonator, using 1-section tubes for 0# blast holes, using 5-section tubes and delaying for 110 milliseconds for 1# and 9-section tubes and delaying for 310 milliseconds for 2# and 12-section tubes and delaying for 550 milliseconds for 3# and using 15-section tubes and delaying for 880 milliseconds for 4# and 5# according to the existing blasting network of mines;
(3) blast hole plugging and spaced charging:
the charging parameters of the blast hole are as follows:
1) a central cut hole: block 244.5mm, and save 2/3 medicines;
2) secondary wedge-shaped cut holes: blocking 474mm, 2 sections of medicine and spacing 30 mm;
3) three-stage wedge cut hole: blocking 928mm, 4 sections of medicine;
4) main hole blasting: blocking 800mm, 3 sections of medicine and spacing 50 mm;
furthermore, the arrangement position of the main explosion hole is 150mm away from the empty hole, the aperture is 38-40mm, the hole depth is 1800mm, the hole distance is 600-670mm, the first hole is parallel to the cut free surface, and the main explosion hole is gradually vertical.
Furthermore, the aperture of each hollow hole is 38-40mm, the depth of each hollow hole is 2000mm, the distance between every two hollow holes is 300mm, the arrangement position is 150mm away from the boundary of a stope, and 66 hollow holes are arranged every 10 m; when blasting, the powder is not charged inside the blast furnace to form a hollow hole.
Further, the parameters of the cartridges used for blasting are as follows: the rock emulsion explosive has the diameter of 32mm, the length of 300mm, the sympathetic detonation distance of more than 30mm and the cartridge density of 1.05-1.20 g/cm3。
The invention provides a coupling control method for supporting along a trend by sections by reinforcing surrounding rocks and reducing the vertical trend of boundary vibration to reduce damage, and the upper and lower plate surrounding rock crushing control device suitable for thin-vein deposit stoping is used for implementing the control method.
By combining all the technical schemes, the invention has the advantages and positive effects that: according to the invention, layered oblique angle anchor rod supports are arranged at different heights of stopes, the thickness of the rock mass is reinforced in the direction perpendicular to the inclination direction of the ore body to form a bearing layer, and the surrounding rock is supported in a segmented manner in the inclination direction of the ore body, so that the falling of the surrounding rock along the inclination direction of the ore body is further limited. Secondly, by utilizing the upper and lower plate hole light surface double-control blasting technology, the damage effect of the blasting vibration of the stope on the upper and lower plate surrounding rocks is reduced, the integrity of the upper and lower plate surrounding rocks is effectively ensured, the stope stability is improved, a smooth surface is formed on the surfaces of the upper and lower plate rock bodies after blasting, the influence of the blasting vibration on the upper and lower plate surrounding rocks is reduced, the integrity of the ore body surrounding rocks is ensured to the maximum degree, and collapse is avoided.
The invention adopts a subsection anchor rod and hollow hole double-control blasting cooperative control method, reduces the destructive effect of stope blasting vibration and frequent ore drawing friction on the upper and lower wall rock, ensures the stability of the upper and lower wall rock in the process of stoping and improves the stope operation safety on the premise of not losing resources, not increasing the cost and not greatly reducing the operation efficiency. The mining method is suitable for inclined or steeply inclined thin vein ore deposits.
Technical effect or experimental effect of comparison. The method comprises the following steps:
the method is implemented in a tungsten mine mountain broken surrounding rock stope in Jiangxi, before the technology is implemented, the mining height of adjacent stopes is only 10-15 m, when the mining height exceeds 15m, the surrounding rocks of an upper tray and a lower tray collapse, the walls of two sides of the stope collapse, the mining span reaches 3m, the exposed area of a top plate is increased, the upper tray and the lower tray collapse are further induced, and the stope cannot be mined due to safety reasons. After the related technology of the method is implemented, the mining amplitude of a stope is always controlled to be below 1.5m, no large caving occurs on the upper and lower plates, and finally the mining height on the stope exceeds 40 m.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments of the present application will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained from the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of an upper and lower disk crushing surrounding rock control method suitable for thin vein deposit mining provided by the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is a diagram of the supporting effect provided by the embodiment of the invention. Wherein, fig. 2(a) is a side view; FIG. 2(b) is a plan view.
Fig. 3 is a diagram illustrating the dual-control blasting effect of the hollow hole and the smooth surface according to the embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 3(a) is a side view of a shot hole arrangement provided by an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 3(b) a front view of a blast hole arrangement; fig. 3(c) is a plan view of fig. 3 (b).
In fig. 3: 1. a main blast hole; 2. a buffer hole; 3. a central cut hole; 4. secondary wedge-shaped cut holes; 5. three-level wedge cut hole.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of blast hole plugging and space charging provided by an embodiment of the invention. Wherein: FIG. 4(a) is a central cut hole; FIG. 4(b) two-stage wedge cut holes; FIG. 4(c) three level wedge cut holes; FIG. 4(d) main blasthole.
FIG. 5 shows the effect of the main explosion hole and the upper and lower disk empty holes provided by the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a diagram illustrating the effect of the segmental bolt support provided by the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 7 is a diagram of the control effect of the sampling amplitude on the stope after the method is used according to the embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a method for controlling the broken surrounding rock of an upper disc and a lower disc, which is suitable for the thin vein deposit extraction, and the invention is described in detail by combining the attached drawings.
The control method for crushing the surrounding rock by the upper and lower discs, which is suitable for the thin vein deposit extraction, provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
and a method for performing crushing surrounding rock cooperative control by adopting high-segmentation anchor rod support and hollow hole double-control blasting.
As shown in fig. 1, the upper and lower plate broken surrounding rock control method suitable for thin vein deposit mining provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
s101, arranging layered oblique angle anchor rod supports at different heights on a stope, reinforcing the thickness of a rock body in the direction perpendicular to the inclination direction of an ore body to form a bearing layer, supporting surrounding rocks in the inclination direction of the ore body in a segmented mode, and limiting the surrounding rocks from falling along the inclination direction of the ore body;
and S102, performing stope blasting by using an upper and lower disk hole smooth surface double-control blasting method to form smooth surfaces on the surfaces of upper and lower disk rock bodies.
The layered oblique angle anchor bolt support arranged at different heights on a stope provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises: and carrying out anchor rod support every 10m in the stope from the lower part of the layer to the upper part of the layer.
The anchor rod provided by the embodiment of the invention adopts a pipe seam type anchor rod, the row spacing of the anchor rod is 3m, and 2 anchor rods are arranged in each row and are respectively arranged on an upper disc and a lower disc; the length of the anchor rod is 1.8m, and the installation angle and the two sides form an included angle of 45 degrees.
The stope blasting method by utilizing the upper disc and the lower disc hollow hole light surface double control blasting method provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
each layered stoping is pushed from the middle to two sides of a stope;
forming an explosion free surface in the middle of the stope by multi-cone undermining, wherein the undermining hole is cut by three-stage multi-cone undermining; main blasting holes and empty holes are drilled along the length direction of the stope, the empty holes are arranged along the boundaries of the two sides of the stope, namely the upper and lower disks of rock mass, the main blasting holes are arranged in the middle, and the main blasting holes are arranged in a Z shape.
The method for blasting stope by using the upper disc and lower disc hole optical surface double control blasting specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) controlling blasting by side wall empty holes:
performing undermining operation in the middle of a stope, wherein 10 undermining holes are arranged in total, 4 undermining holes, namely 0# and 1# are arranged in the center, and the hole depth is 464.5 mm; 4 secondary wedge-shaped cut holes 2# and 3# are arranged in the middle, and the hole depth is 1104 mm; 2 three-stage wedge-shaped cut holes 4# and 5# are arranged on the outer side, and the hole depth is 2128 mm; the diameter of the blast hole is 38-40 mm;
the main blast holes for stope blasting adopt zigzag hole distribution, and simultaneously, 2 evacuation holes are distributed along stope surrounding rocks;
the arrangement position of the main explosion hole is 150mm away from the empty hole, the aperture is 38-40mm, the hole depth is 1800mm, the hole distance is 600-670mm, the first hole is parallel to the cut free surface, and the rear main explosion hole is gradually vertical.
The aperture of each hollow hole is 38-40mm, the depth of each hollow hole is 2000mm, the distance between every two hollow holes is 300mm, the arrangement position is 150mm away from the boundary of a stope, and 66 hollow holes are arranged every 10 m; when blasting, the powder is not charged inside the blast furnace to form a hollow hole.
(2) Slotted hole millisecond differential blasting:
detonating by adopting a 1-series millisecond delay detonating tube detonator, using 1-section tubes for 0# blast holes, using 5-section tubes and delaying for 110 milliseconds for 1# and 9-section tubes and delaying for 310 milliseconds for 2# and 12-section tubes and delaying for 550 milliseconds for 3# and using 15-section tubes and delaying for 880 milliseconds for 4# and 5# according to the existing blasting network of mines;
(3) blast hole plugging and spaced charging:
the charging parameters of the blast hole are as follows:
1) a central cut hole: block 244.5mm, and save 2/3 medicines;
2) secondary wedge-shaped cut holes: blocking 474mm, 2 sections of medicine and spacing 30 mm;
3) three-stage wedge cut hole: blocking 928mm, 4 sections of medicine;
4) main hole blasting: blocking 800mm, 3 sections of medicine and spacing 50 mm;
the parameters of the explosive cartridge used for blasting are as follows: the rock emulsion explosive has the diameter of 32mm, the length of 300mm, the sympathetic detonation distance of more than 30mm and the cartridge density of 1.05-1.20 g/cm3。
The technical effects of the present invention will be further described with reference to specific embodiments.
Example (b):
1. layered hole smooth surface double-control blasting
For the integrality of guaranteeing stope country rock, stability, adopt the two accuse blasting technologies of dead eye plain noodles, each stratified stope impels to the stope both sides by the centre, at first in the stope in the middle of the compound awl undercut form explode the free surface, the undercut hole adopts the compound awl undercut of tertiary, then along stope length direction chisel main blast hole and dead eye, the dead eye is arranged along stope both sides border (upper and lower plate rock mass), the centre is main blast hole, adopts the zigzag to arrange, specific scheme is as follows:
(1) controlled blasting of side wall cavity
And the side wall hollow holes control the arrangement of blasting holes. In order to obtain a blasting free surface, the middle part of a stope is subjected to undermining operation, 10 undermining holes are arranged in the middle, 4 undermining holes (0#, 1#) are arranged in the center, the hole depth is 464.5mm, 4 second-level wedge undermining holes (2#, 3#) are arranged in the middle, the hole depth is 1104mm, 2 third-level wedge undermining holes (4#, 5#), and the hole depth is 2128 mm. The bore diameter of the blast hole is 38-40mm, and the inclination angle is as follows: 55 to 90 degrees.
In order to realize the blasting control effect of the stope, the main blasting holes for stope blasting are distributed in a zigzag manner, and meanwhile, the evacuation holes 2 are distributed along stope surrounding rocks. The aperture of each hollow hole is 38mm-40mm, the depth of each hollow hole is 2000mm, the distance between every two hollow holes is 300mm, the arrangement position is 150mm away from the boundary of a stope, and 66 hollow holes are arranged every 10 m. When blasting, the powder is not charged inside the blast furnace to form a hollow hole. The main explosion holes are arranged in a zigzag manner, the distance between the arrangement position and the empty hole is 150mm, the aperture is 38-40mm, the hole depth is 1800mm, the hole distance is 600-670mm, the first hole is parallel to the cut free surface, and the rear main explosion holes are gradually vertical.
(2) Slotted hole millisecond differential blasting
And (4) detonating the cut holes. The cut holes are small in distance, so that the phenomenon of 'with blast' is avoided. The blasting is carried out by using 1-series millisecond delay detonating tube detonators, 1-section tubes are used for 0# blastholes, 5-section tubes are used for 1# blastholes (the delay time is 110 milliseconds), 9-section tubes are used for 2# blastholes (the delay time is 310 milliseconds), 12-section tubes are used for 3# blastholes (the delay time is 550 milliseconds), and 15-section tubes are used for 4# blastholes and 5# blastholes (the delay time is 880 milliseconds). Detonating according to the existing blasting circuit of the mine.
(3) Blast hole plugging and spaced charging
In the process of charging and plugging the blast hole, the charging parameters are as follows:
1) a central cut hole: 244.5mm (0.75W) of blockage, 2/3 section of medicine;
2) secondary wedge-shaped cut holes: blocking 474mm, 2 sections of medicine and spacing 30 mm;
3) three-stage wedge cut hole: blocking 928mm, 4 sections of medicine;
4) main hole blasting: the block is 800mm, 3 sections of medicine are filled, and the interval is 50 mm.
The parameters of the explosive cartridge used for blasting are as follows: the rock emulsion explosive has the diameter of 32mm, the length of 300mm, the sympathetic detonation distance of more than 30mm and the cartridge density of 1.05-1.20 g/cm3。
2. Stope support work
In order to reduce the friction dragging effect of the stope layered ore drawing process on the upper and lower tray rock bodies and simultaneously consider the operation cost, the efficiency and the convenience, the supporting acting force of the segmented surrounding rock along the inclined direction of the ore body is improved by adopting a segmented anchor rod inclined angle anchoring method.
And (4) carrying out anchor rod support every 10m in the stope from the lower part of the layer to the upper part of the layer. The anchor rod adopts the tube seam formula anchor rod, and the anchor rod row spacing is 3m, and 2 are arranged respectively in every row on the upper and lower dish. The length of the anchor rod is 1.8m, and the installation angle and the two sides form an included angle of 45 degrees, which is shown in figure 2. FIG. 2(a) is a side view; FIG. 2(b) is a plan view. Through the supporting effect of the anchor rod combined beam, the thickness of the stable rock stratum is increased, the obvious supporting effect is formed on the surrounding rock within the height range of 10m, and the friction and the dragging force of ore drawing sliding on the surrounding rock are counteracted by the supporting effect, so that the sliding instability of the upper and lower plate rock bodies is reduced.
By adopting the segmented anchor rod and hollow hole double-control blasting cooperative control method, the damage effect of stope blasting vibration and frequent ore drawing friction on the upper and lower wall surrounding rocks is reduced, the stability of the upper and lower wall surrounding rocks in the stope process is ensured on the premise of not losing resources, not increasing the cost and not greatly reducing the operation efficiency, and the stope operation safety is improved. The mining method is suitable for inclined or steeply inclined thin vein ore deposits.
The effects of the present invention will be further described below with reference to specific application fields.
The method is implemented in a tungsten mine mountain broken surrounding rock stope in Jiangxi, before the technology is implemented, the mining height of adjacent stopes is only 10-15 m, when the mining height exceeds 15m, the surrounding rocks of an upper tray and a lower tray collapse, the walls of two sides of the stope collapse, the mining span reaches 3m, the exposed area of a top plate is increased, the upper tray and the lower tray collapse are further induced, and the stope cannot be mined due to safety reasons. After the related technology of the method is implemented, the mining amplitude of a stope is always controlled to be below 1.5m, no large caving occurs on the upper and lower plates, and finally the mining height on the stope exceeds 40 m.
In the present invention, fig. 3 is a diagram illustrating the dual-control blasting effect of the hollow hole and the smooth surface according to the embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 3(a) is a side view of a blast hole arrangement provided by an embodiment of the present invention, which includes: the central cut hole 3 and the secondary wedge-shaped cut hole 4 are arranged in blast holes.
FIG. 3(b) a front view of a blast hole arrangement; the method comprises the following steps: a central cut hole 3, a secondary wedge-shaped cut hole 4 and a tertiary wedge-shaped cut hole 5.
Fig. 3(c) is a plan view of fig. 3 (b). The method comprises the following steps: main explosion hole 1 and buffer hole 2.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of blast hole plugging and space charging provided by an embodiment of the invention. Wherein: FIG. 4(a) is a central cut hole; FIG. 4(b) two-stage wedge cut holes; FIG. 4(c) three level wedge cut holes; FIG. 4(d) main blasthole.
The main blast hole and the upper and lower disc empty holes have the implementation effect as shown in FIG. 5; the anchor bolt support effect is implemented in sections as shown in figure 6. The sampling amplitude control effect diagram is acquired on the stope after the method is used as shown in figure 7.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the present invention and the appended claims are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention, which is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents and improvements that are within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (7)
1. The upper and lower plate broken surrounding rock control method suitable for thin vein deposit stoping is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step one, arranging layered oblique angle anchor rod supports at different heights on a stope, reinforcing the thickness of a rock body in the direction perpendicular to the inclination direction of an ore body to form a bearing layer, and supporting surrounding rocks in a segmented manner in the inclination direction of the ore body to limit the surrounding rocks from falling along the inclination direction of the ore body;
step two, carrying out stope blasting by using an upper and lower disk hole smooth surface double-control blasting method to form smooth surfaces on the surfaces of upper and lower disk rock bodies; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
each layered stoping is pushed from the middle to two sides of a stope;
forming an explosion free surface in the middle of the stope by multi-cone undermining, wherein the undermining hole is cut by three-stage multi-cone undermining; drilling main blasting holes and hollow holes along the length direction of the stope, wherein the hollow holes are arranged along the boundaries of two sides of the stope, namely upper and lower plate rock masses, the middle part is provided with the main blasting holes, and the main blasting holes are arranged in a Z shape;
the stope blasting by using the upper and lower disc hollow hole smooth surface double-control blasting method further comprises the following steps:
slotted hole millisecond differential blasting:
detonating by adopting a 1-series millisecond delay detonating tube detonator, using 1-section tubes for 0# blast holes, using 5-section tubes and delaying for 110 milliseconds for 1# and 9-section tubes and delaying for 310 milliseconds for 2# and 12-section tubes and delaying for 550 milliseconds for 3# and using 15-section tubes and delaying for 880 milliseconds for 4# and 5# according to the existing blasting network of mines;
plugging and spaced charging of blast holes;
the blast hole charging parameters comprise:
1) a central cut hole: block 244.5mm, and save 2/3 medicines;
2) secondary wedge-shaped cut holes: blocking 474mm, 2 sections of medicine and spacing 30 mm;
3) three-stage wedge cut hole: blocking 928mm, 4 sections of medicine;
4) main hole blasting: the block is 800mm, 3 sections of medicine are filled, and the interval is 50 mm.
2. The upper and lower plate crushing wall rock control method suitable for thin vein deposit extraction as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step one of setting layered oblique angle bolting at different heights on the stope comprises: and carrying out anchor rod support every 10m in the stope from the lower part of the layer to the upper part of the layer.
3. The upper and lower disk crushing surrounding rock control method suitable for thin vein deposit mining according to claim 1, wherein the anchor rod in the step one is a tube seam type anchor rod, the row distance of the anchor rod is 3m, and 2 anchor rods are arranged on the upper and lower disks respectively; the length of the anchor rod is 1.8m, and the installation angle and the two sides form an included angle of 45 degrees.
4. The upper and lower disk crushing wall rock control method suitable for thin vein deposit extraction as claimed in claim 1, wherein said blasting stope with upper and lower disk hole smooth surface double control blasting method comprises:
controlling blasting by side wall empty holes:
performing undermining operation in the middle of a stope, wherein 10 undermining holes are arranged in total, 4 undermining holes, namely 0# and 1# are arranged in the center, and the hole depth is 464.5 mm; 4 secondary wedge-shaped cut holes 2# and 3# are arranged in the middle, and the hole depth is 1104 mm; 2 three-stage wedge-shaped cut holes 4# and 5# are arranged on the outer side, and the hole depth is 2128 mm; the diameter of the blast hole is 38-40 mm;
the main blast holes for stope blasting adopt zigzag hole distribution, and simultaneously 2 emptying holes are distributed along stope surrounding rocks.
5. The upper and lower plate crushing surrounding rock control method suitable for thin vein deposit stoping as claimed in claim 1, wherein the main blasting holes are arranged 150mm away from the empty hole, the aperture is 38-40mm, the depth of the hole is 1800mm, the distance between the holes is 600-670mm, the first hole is parallel to the undercut free surface, and the rear main blasting holes are gradually vertical.
6. The upper and lower plate crushing surrounding rock control method suitable for thin vein deposit extraction as claimed in claim 1, wherein the hole diameter of the hole is 38mm-40mm, the hole depth is 2000mm, the hole spacing is 300mm, the arrangement position is 150mm from the stope boundary, 66 holes are arranged every 10 m; when blasting, the powder is not charged inside to form a hollow hole.
7. The upper and lower disk crushing surrounding rock control method suitable for thin vein deposit mining according to claim 1, wherein parameters of cartridges used for blasting are as follows: the rock emulsion explosive has the diameter of 32mm, the length of 300mm, the sympathetic detonation distance of more than 30mm and the cartridge density of 1.05-1.20 g/cm3。
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110154495.3A CN113153302B (en) | 2021-02-04 | 2021-02-04 | Upper and lower plate surrounding rock crushing control method suitable for thin-vein deposit stoping |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110154495.3A CN113153302B (en) | 2021-02-04 | 2021-02-04 | Upper and lower plate surrounding rock crushing control method suitable for thin-vein deposit stoping |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN113153302A CN113153302A (en) | 2021-07-23 |
| CN113153302B true CN113153302B (en) | 2022-02-08 |
Family
ID=76882713
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110154495.3A Active CN113153302B (en) | 2021-02-04 | 2021-02-04 | Upper and lower plate surrounding rock crushing control method suitable for thin-vein deposit stoping |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN113153302B (en) |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103075933A (en) * | 2012-06-06 | 2013-05-01 | 中铁十一局集团有限公司 | Large-wedge-shaped multi-repeated cutting groove construction process |
| CN103696770A (en) * | 2013-12-17 | 2014-04-02 | 武汉工程大学 | Cutting raise cutting method used in underground mining |
| CN107939402A (en) * | 2017-12-28 | 2018-04-20 | 昆明冶金高等专科学校 | The mining methods of firm inclined thick ore body more than a kind of back production ore-rock is medium |
| CN108104817A (en) * | 2017-11-27 | 2018-06-01 | 西北矿冶研究院 | Mining method for upper plate crushing inclined thin-medium thickness ore body |
| CN111042818A (en) * | 2019-12-27 | 2020-04-21 | 赣州有色冶金研究所 | Mining method of tungsten ore body with unstable surrounding rock and steeply inclined thin ore vein |
-
2021
- 2021-02-04 CN CN202110154495.3A patent/CN113153302B/en active Active
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103075933A (en) * | 2012-06-06 | 2013-05-01 | 中铁十一局集团有限公司 | Large-wedge-shaped multi-repeated cutting groove construction process |
| CN103696770A (en) * | 2013-12-17 | 2014-04-02 | 武汉工程大学 | Cutting raise cutting method used in underground mining |
| CN108104817A (en) * | 2017-11-27 | 2018-06-01 | 西北矿冶研究院 | Mining method for upper plate crushing inclined thin-medium thickness ore body |
| CN107939402A (en) * | 2017-12-28 | 2018-04-20 | 昆明冶金高等专科学校 | The mining methods of firm inclined thick ore body more than a kind of back production ore-rock is medium |
| CN111042818A (en) * | 2019-12-27 | 2020-04-21 | 赣州有色冶金研究所 | Mining method of tungsten ore body with unstable surrounding rock and steeply inclined thin ore vein |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN113153302A (en) | 2021-07-23 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN110778316B (en) | Sublevel rock drilling stage open stope subsequent filling mining method adopting arched-arch-shaped top pillar structure | |
| CN102562065B (en) | Sublevel open-stop and delayed filling mining method | |
| CN109162715B (en) | Method for controlling ground pressure of inclined thick ore body by adopting segmented open-field method | |
| CN102808622A (en) | Method for recovering ore pillar by medium-length hole and deep hole combined blasting technology | |
| CN102953732A (en) | Room-and-pillar major-diameter longhole inverted-step-like segmented lateral caving subsequent filling mining method | |
| CN104453904B (en) | Sublevel filling mining method without drawing groove | |
| CN105952450B (en) | A kind of new method of the double stope collaboration exploitations in underground mine underground | |
| CN111894584B (en) | Cemented filling mining method for fully-pseudo-arranged reserved roadway of slowly-inclined thin ore body | |
| CN109826628B (en) | Coal pillar-free mining method for pre-splitting and arching under hard roof condition | |
| CN110952982A (en) | Medium-length hole presplitting blasting mining method for steeply inclined thin-vein to extremely thin-vein ore body | |
| CN105909247A (en) | Non-pillar sublevel mining cemented filling mining method | |
| CN111894591B (en) | Collaborative mining method for inclined thick and large ore body panel and panel interval column | |
| CN104929641B (en) | Treatment method applied to disaster of steeply dipping seam roof | |
| CN112182859A (en) | Composite limestone top plate collapse control method | |
| CN106121652A (en) | Closed pit open-pit mine ore recovery method | |
| WO2023201906A1 (en) | Releasing-cracking-supporting cooperative burst prevention method based on coal body pressure relief and roof pre-cracking | |
| CN103982186B (en) | The vertical Inclined strips sublevel caving of oper cylinler retrusive | |
| CN107939402B (en) | A kind of mining methods of the medium above firm inclined thick ore body of back production ore-rock | |
| CN108049870B (en) | The induction caving mining methods of high-dipping middle thickness orebody of the upper disk containing unstable rock stratum | |
| CN101725351A (en) | Filling stope pillar recovery mining method | |
| CN101893415A (en) | Blasting method by arch roof control and smooth-surface pillar control | |
| CN103437766A (en) | In-situ fragmentation mining method | |
| CN113153302B (en) | Upper and lower plate surrounding rock crushing control method suitable for thin-vein deposit stoping | |
| CN107687339A (en) | A kind of efficient mining methods of Media thick and rake ore body | |
| CN103410513B (en) | Uneasily mining orebody mechanization process for stoping |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |