CN113141949A - Organic blueberry cultivation method - Google Patents
Organic blueberry cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113141949A CN113141949A CN202110266788.0A CN202110266788A CN113141949A CN 113141949 A CN113141949 A CN 113141949A CN 202110266788 A CN202110266788 A CN 202110266788A CN 113141949 A CN113141949 A CN 113141949A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B39/00—Other machines specially adapted for working soil on which crops are growing
- A01B39/12—Other machines specially adapted for working soil on which crops are growing for special purposes, e.g. for special culture
- A01B39/18—Other machines specially adapted for working soil on which crops are growing for special purposes, e.g. for special culture for weeding
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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Abstract
The invention discloses an organic blueberry cultivation method, which comprises the following steps: (1) selecting and isolating land, (2) improving soil, (3) planting, (4) fertilizing, (5) weeding: a. weeding the soil between rows and ridges where the blueberry trees are planted through a weeding machine; b. arranging a covering between the rows or ridges, wherein the thickness of the covering is 10-15 cm; (7) taking measures for preventing and controlling diseases and pests; in the weeding process, the weeds around the blueberry trees are completely cleaned by the weeding machine, and the regeneration of the weeds is prevented by the root-connecting shoveling method, so that the water and nutrition in the soil can be maximally absorbed by the blueberry trees, and the yield and the quality of the blueberry trees are improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of blueberry cultivation, and particularly relates to an organic blueberry cultivation method.
Background
Blueberries (blueberries), the scientific name cowberry fruit, also known as Blueberry fruit, belong to the genus Vaccinium of the family Ericaceae. Because the fruits are blue, are native and mainly produced in the United states and are commonly called American blueberries, the fruits are soft and juicy, have mellow flavor and special fragrance; it is suitable for freezing and making jam, jelly, cake, pie, etc.
In the 90's of the 20 th century, the health benefits of blueberries were demonstrated and widely accepted. Blueberries are a true blue food, the blue color of fruits, and are derived from high-content anthocyanins. Anthocyanins are a class of soluble pigments, ranging in color from blue to red. For example, the anthocyanin content of every 100 g of fruits of high-bush blueberries reaches hundreds of milligrams, the varieties are complex, and 15 varieties are common. Pharmacological research shows that anthocyanin ingredients in the blueberries have various pharmacological activities of promoting the resynthesis of the rhodophyll, improving circulation, resisting ulcer, resisting inflammation and the like. Japanese researchers have demonstrated that bilberry pigment extract contributes to the integrity of the capillaries of the eye to reduce macular degeneration and thus has the effect of protecting vision. Blueberry total anthocyanin preparations have been sold in europe and the united states. Many diseases related to the elderly, such as heart disease, cancer, arthritis, wrinkles, eye diseases, parkinson's disease, alzheimer's disease, and the like, are related to oxidation caused by free radicals, and research of researchers at the research center of senior nutrition research at the university of Tufts agriculture in the united states proves that, due to anthocyanins contained in blueberry fruits and other compounds having health care effects, such as bacterial inhibitory factor, folic acid, vitamin a, vitamin C, carotene, tannic acid, cellulose, and the like, oxidation of free radicals can be prevented, so that the oxidation resistance of the blueberry fruits and vegetables is the strongest among 41 fruits and vegetables. Blueberries are listed in the front of anticancer foods in both japan and the usa. Experiments on mice with blueberries prove that the blueberries can delay and even transform part of aging symptoms; meanwhile, the blueberry has a prevention effect on urinary tract infection. Blue berries are also a high fiber food. According to the data of Ministry of agriculture in China, 145 g of blue berries contain at least 2.9 g of fiber, so that the blue berries can be used as a good source of fiber in daily diet. Blueberry is also a low calorie food, and 1/2 cups of blueberry juice contain only 175.7 calories.
With the development of society and the improvement of the living standard and the scientific and technical standard of people, the research booms on functional health food with health care function in daily diet are raised in the later period of 20 th century. The blueberry draws wide attention and application in foreign markets due to the unique health care and nutritional value thereof, and becomes one of the most popular development products at present. The most influential health journal in the United states, Prevention, is called blueberry, magical fruit. Another very popular magazine, EatWell, in 1999 rates blueberries as "annual fruits". International trade officials of the united states department of agriculture indicate that the most popular agricultural product on the current day is blueberry. At present, the fresh blueberry fruits and processed products are used as high-grade food in countries of Europe, America and southeast Asia, and although the price of the fresh blueberry fruits and the processed products is higher than that of oranges, apples and the like, the fresh blueberry fruits and the processed products still meet the demand in the market.
Because the blueberry has special health-care function, the consumption of fresh fruits and processed products of the blueberry is continuously increased. However, at present, a systematic cultivation method of blueberries with good effect does not exist, and the blueberries are planted on the land, so weeds can grow on the land in the cultivation process, and the existing weeding method only can cut off the weeds but cannot be pulled up along with roots, so that the weeding effect is poor, and the yield and the quality of the blueberries are reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an organic blueberry cultivation method for improving the yield and quality of fruits in order to overcome the defects of the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: an organic blueberry cultivation method comprises the following steps: (1) selecting and isolating the ground: selecting a land which is far away from pollution and has a flat topography as a blueberry cultivation base, wherein an isolation strip is arranged in the blueberry cultivation base, and a ditch or a ridge is arranged around the isolation strip, (2) improving the soil: the PH value of soil in the blueberry cultivation base in the step (1) is 4.0-5.5, and when the pH value of the soil is more than 5.5, the soil improvement agent is used for adjusting; when the organic matter content of the soil is 5-18% and the organic matter content is less than 5%, adding organic matters, (3) planting: the planted blueberry varieties comprise main planting varieties and pollination varieties, the ratio of the main planting varieties to the pollination varieties is 1: 2-3: 1, the planting row direction is south-north planting, and the planting is carried out on irregular hilly lands along contour lines, (4) fertilizing: fertilizer: comprises one or more of blueberry special fertilizer, fish amino acid fertilizer, medium trace element fertilizer and water-soluble fertilizer; fertilizing times: fertilizing 4-6 times every year, namely bud germination, fruit expansion, color conversion, mature period and tree vigor recovery period after fruit picking, (5) weeding: a. weeding the soil between rows and ridges where the blueberry trees are planted through a weeding machine; b. arranging a covering between the rows or ridges, wherein the thickness of the covering is 10-15 cm, (6) managing the moisture: the water source adopts a single water source special for an organic orchard, and the water content of soil in the germination stage, the early stage of rapid growth of branches and the fruit expansion stage is 60-70% of the maximum water holding capacity of the soil; the soil water content in the fruit mature period and the harvesting period is 50-60% of the maximum water holding capacity of the soil; the water content of the soil in late autumn is 40-55% of the maximum water holding capacity of the soil; filling once sealing water before winter; watering by drip irrigation equipment; (7) and (3) preventing and controlling diseases and pests: a. bud stage: removing the insect branches in time and supplementing vitamins; early prevention with a biological agent comprising spinosad or polyoxin; b. and (3) fruit setting stage: balanced fertilization, reasonable supplement of medium trace elements, adjustment of soil humidity, combination of soil fertilization and extra-root topdressing, yellow leaf suspension for trapping and killing aphids, and selection of safe and efficient biological agents for alternate prevention and control in the early stage of disease and pest occurrence; c. harvesting later dormancy earlier stage: removing branches of diseases and pests, hanging yellow boards to trap and kill aphids, supplementing nutrition in time after harvesting, and selecting safe and efficient biological agents for alternate prevention and control at the initial generation stage of the diseases and pests.
In the step of land improvement, the PH value of soil in the blueberry cultivation base is 4.3-4.8; the soil improving agent comprises wood vinegar substances; the organic matter content of the soil is 12%; the organic matter comprises one or more of turfy soil, pine needles, sawdust and rotten barks.
In the fertilizing step, the blueberry special fertilizer comprises decomposed wormcast, plant fertilizer and bacterial manure; the fish amino acid is a product obtained by fermenting fish leftovers; the medium trace elements are products obtained after animal bone fermentation; the water-soluble fertilizer comprises one or more of a vitamin-containing water-soluble fertilizer, a potassium-containing water-soluble fertilizer, a natural brassin water-soluble fertilizer and a boron-containing water-soluble fertilizer.
In the fertilizing step, the fertilizers applied in the bud stage, the fruit expanding stage, the color-changing mature stage and the tree vigor recovery stage after fruit picking are respectively as follows: a. bud stage: the fertilizer comprises a blueberry special fertilizer, a fish amino acid fertilizer and a water-soluble fertilizer, wherein the fertilizer application modes comprise root application and foliar application, and the application depth of the root application is 10-20 cm; the water-soluble fertilizer comprises a vitamin-containing water-soluble fertilizer, a natural brassin water-soluble fertilizer and a boron-containing water-soluble fertilizer; b. the fertilizer applied in the fruit expansion period comprises a special blueberry fertilizer, a medium trace element fertilizer and a water-soluble fertilizer, and the water-soluble fertilizer comprises a potassium-containing water-soluble fertilizer and a natural brassin water-soluble fertilizer; the fertilizer applied in the tree vigor recovery period after fruit picking comprises a blueberry special fertilizer, a fish amino acid fertilizer, a medium trace element fertilizer and a water-soluble fertilizer, wherein the water-soluble fertilizer comprises a potassium-containing water-soluble fertilizer.
The natural brassin water-soluble fertilizer comprises the following natural brassin and water in a weight ratio: 8 mg: 20 kg; the boron-containing water-soluble fertilizer comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 15g to 20 kg; the weight ratio of the vitamins to the water in the vitamin-containing water-soluble fertilizer is as follows: 25 mg: 20 kg; the weight ratio of potassium to water in the potassium-containing water-soluble fertilizer is as follows: 20g to 20 kg.
In the weeding step, the weeding machine comprises a driving rod, a first roller arranged on the driving rod, a support frame arranged on the driving rod, a holding rod arranged on the support frame, an adjusting ring which is rotatably arranged on the holding rod and is used for adjusting the rotating speed of the driving rod, a support plate arranged on the support frame, a weeding part rotatably arranged on the support frame, a scattering part arranged on the support frame and a control part slidably arranged on the support frame; the supporting plate also comprises a first fixing rod arranged at one end of the supporting plate, a second roller wheel rotatably arranged on the first fixing rod, and a stop block arranged on the supporting frame; when weeding is needed, the direction is held through the holding rod, the driving rod can be rotated by the rotation of the adjusting ring, so that the first roller wheel rotates, the weeding machine can be pushed without spending much force, the movement can be easily carried out, the duration time of the work is prolonged, the weeding efficiency is improved, and the yield of the blueberry trees is increased; weeding parts can shovel the ruderal soil, in order to reach the effect of uprooting, it prevents that ruderal root and soil from being connected to break up the part, prevent that weeds from absorbing soil nutrients next, the degree of depth of soil is shoveled in control part control, thereby improved and guaranteed that weeds are uprooted by the uprooting, the dog prevents to be splashed the soil of breaing up and splashes, through second gyro wheel and first gyro wheel, can improve the stability of weeder, through such method, can increase the accuracy of weeding, guarantee that weeds are shoveled away, make the nutrient of soil all absorbed by blueberry, thereby make the output of blueberry fruit uprise, the quality becomes good.
The weeding component comprises rotating rings symmetrically arranged on the supporting frame, torsion springs, transmission rods, second fixed rods, first rotating rods, weeding plates and adjusting components, wherein the two ends of the torsion springs are respectively arranged on the supporting frame and the rotating rings and are used for resetting the rotating rings; one end of the weeding plate can enter the soil, the weeding machine is started at the moment, the weeding machine moves forwards, and the weeding plate shovels the soil together with weed; the change can rotate, and the transfer line sets firmly on the change, so when the change was promoted, can let the change rotate, like this, the second dead lever also rotates to let the one end of weeding board enter into soil more deeply, thereby prick darker weeds to those roots and also can shovel, no matter how deep is there at the root of weeds, this method, finally can make whole weeds by shovel, make moisture and nutrient in the soil all only provide the blueberry, thereby improve the output and the quality of blueberry fruit.
The adjusting component comprises racks symmetrically and fixedly arranged on the supporting frame, tooth grooves formed in the second fixing rod and convex teeth formed in the first rotating rod brake; the convex teeth are meshed with the racks; the rack can slide on the tooth grooves; when the rotating ring rotates and the weeding plate enters soil further, the rack is fixed on the support frame and is kept unchanged, but the tooth grooves are staggered relatively, and the convex teeth meshed with the rack are rotated, so that the first rotating rod rotates anticlockwise, and the weeding plate also rotates anticlockwise; like this, when getting into deeper soil along with weeding board, although the soil thickening needs the interior meeting of shoveling become bigger and bigger, when weeding board anticlockwise rotation, can be littleer and smaller with the drive angle of soil for the power of required shovel also can diminish, thereby let weeding board when shoveling deeper soil layer, the weeder does not need too much merit power just can be shoveled, the life of weeder has been increased, can also guarantee the effect of shoveling grass, through such method, finally let the fruit of blueberry become bigger more.
The scattering component comprises a second rotating rod which is rotatably arranged on the second fixing rod, a plurality of main scattering rods which are arranged on the second rotating rod, a plurality of secondary scattering rods which are arranged on the second rotating rod, a groove which is arranged on the weeding plate, and a transmission belt of which two ends are respectively wound on the driving rod and the second rotating rod; one end of the main scattering rod can enter the groove; when the weeding machine works, the weeding plate can shovel soil and weeds, at the moment, although the weeds are shoveled, the roots of the weeds are still connected with the shoveled soil, the second rotating rod rotates through the conveying belt, the scattering rod also rotates, the soil can be scattered through the scattering rod, the roots of the weeds are separated from the soil, and therefore the weeds are prevented from absorbing nutrients of the soil; the diameter of the second rotary rod is smaller than that of the driving rod, so that the second rotary rod can rotate for several circles through the driving belt when the driving rod rotates for one circle, the scattering rods can rotate for several circles, the scattering effect is improved, the roots of weeds and soil can be more thoroughly separated, the secondary scattering rods are arranged on two sides, the soil and the weeds which are shoveled can be scattered when sliding towards the side edge, one ends of the main scattering rods pass through the grooves, in this way, the grass removing plate can directly scatter the soil and the weeds through the grooves when not falling onto the soil from the other side after the soil and the weeds are shoveled, the scattered area is improved, the weeds which are not scattered can be prevented, each weed can be scattered, all the weeds around the blueberry trees can be cleared, and finally, the moisture and nutrition in the soil can be absorbed by the blueberry trees, by the method, the yield and the quality of the blueberry fruits are improved.
The control component comprises sliding chutes symmetrically arranged on the support frame, sliding blocks arranged on the sliding chutes, first push rods used for enabling the sliding blocks to move downwards, unlocking assemblies used for enabling the sliding blocks to move upwards, control springs arranged on the sliding chutes and used for enabling the sliding blocks to reset, and first pushing parts arranged at two ends of the sliding blocks; the first pushing part can push the rotating rod to rotate; some weeds grow higher, which indicates that the roots of the weeds also grow deeper, when the weeding plate needs to enter the soil layer further, the first push rod can be pushed by hands or feet to move the slide block downwards, the first push part of the slide block can push the transmission rod to rotate the transmission rod, so that the first fixed rod can also rotate, and the weeding plate on the fixed rod can enter the soil layer further to eradicate the weeds with long roots; when the straw removing plate needs to be reset, the sliding block moves upwards through the unlocking assembly, so that the first pushing part relieves the limit on the transmission rod, and the transmission rod and the first fixing rod are reset under the action of the torsion spring, so that the straw removing plate is also reset; when the blueberry weeding plate is used, an operator only needs to step on the plate or push the plate by hands to control the weeding depth of the weeding plate, the weeding plate is very convenient, the working efficiency is improved, weeds can be quickly cleaned up, and by the method, the yield of blueberry trees can be increased.
The unlocking component comprises a second push rod which is arranged on the sliding block in a vertically movable mode, a second pushing part which is arranged on the second push rod, an unlocking groove which is formed in the sliding block, an unlocking block which is arranged on the unlocking groove in a sliding mode, an unlocking spring which is arranged on the unlocking groove and used for enabling the unlocking block to reset, a plurality of fixing grooves which are formed in the supporting frame, a first inclined surface which is arranged on the unlocking block, and a second inclined surface which is arranged on the unlocking block; the first inclined surface can be contacted with the groove wall of the valley bottom groove; the second inclined surface can be contacted with the second pushing part; one end of the unlocking block can enter one of the plurality of fixing grooves; when the first push rod is pushed, the sliding block moves downwards, the first inclined plane is propped against the wall of the fixed groove, the unlocking block moves to the right, one end of the unlocking block comes out of the fixed groove, then the first push rod is released, the control spring pushes the sliding block to move upwards, but one end of the unlocking block enters the nearest fixed groove through the unlocking spring, so that the sliding block is fixed, and the grass removing plate also keeps a fixed position; when the weeding plate needs to be reset, the sliding block moves upwards, only the second push rod needs to be pushed to move upwards, then the second pushing part on the second push rod moves upwards to push against the second inclined plane of the unlocking block, so that one end of the unlocking block comes out of the fixed groove again, after the limit of the locking block is not known, the sliding block moves upwards under the action of the control spring, and the weeding plate also resets to the initial position under the action of the torsion spring; if want the stop work during, only need promote the second push rod, just can let the slider reset, let the weeding board also reset, convenient operation lets the staff reduce and receives the used time of compound weeder, can spend more energy on cultivating the blueberry tree for the blueberry tree is cared for better, thereby holds big again many fruit.
In summary, the invention has the following advantages: weeds around the blueberry trees are completely cleaned up through a weeder, and the weeds are prevented from being regenerated through a method of eradicating the weeds with roots, so that the moisture and nutrition in soil can be maximally absorbed by the blueberry trees, and the yield and the quality of blueberry fruits are improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a top view of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional perspective view of fig. 2 taken along a-a.
Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional perspective view of fig. 2 taken along B-B.
Fig. 5 is a partial structural schematic diagram of the unlocking assembly of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of an explosive structure according to the present invention.
Fig. 7 is an enlarged view of a portion a in fig. 4.
Fig. 8 is an enlarged view at B in fig. 4.
Detailed Description
An organic blueberry cultivation method comprises the following steps: (1) selecting and isolating the ground: selecting a land which is far away from pollution and has a flat topography as a blueberry cultivation base, wherein an isolation strip is arranged in the blueberry cultivation base, and a ditch or a ridge is arranged around the isolation strip, (2) improving the soil: the PH value of soil in the blueberry cultivation base in the step (1) is 4.0-5.5, and when the pH value of the soil is more than 5.5, the soil improvement agent is used for adjusting; when the organic matter content of the soil is 5-18% and the organic matter content is less than 5%, adding organic matters, (3) planting: the planted blueberry varieties comprise main planting varieties and pollination varieties, the ratio of the main planting varieties to the pollination varieties is 1: 2-3: 1, the planting row direction is south-north planting, and the planting is carried out on irregular hilly lands along contour lines, (4) fertilizing: fertilizer: comprises one or more of blueberry special fertilizer, fish amino acid fertilizer, medium trace element fertilizer and water-soluble fertilizer; fertilizing times: fertilizing 4-6 times every year, namely bud germination, fruit expansion, color conversion, mature period and tree vigor recovery period after fruit picking, (5) weeding: a. weeding the soil between rows and ridges where the blueberry trees are planted through a weeding machine; b. arranging a covering between the rows or ridges, wherein the thickness of the covering is 10-15 cm, (6) managing the moisture: the water source adopts a single water source special for an organic orchard, and the water content of soil in the germination stage, the early stage of rapid growth of branches and the fruit expansion stage is 60-70% of the maximum water holding capacity of the soil; the soil water content in the fruit mature period and the harvesting period is 50-60% of the maximum water holding capacity of the soil; the water content of the soil in late autumn is 40-55% of the maximum water holding capacity of the soil; filling once sealing water before winter; watering by drip irrigation equipment; (7) and (3) preventing and controlling diseases and pests: a. bud stage: removing the insect branches in time and supplementing vitamins; early prevention with a biological agent comprising spinosad or polyoxin; b. and (3) fruit setting stage: balanced fertilization, reasonable supplement of medium trace elements, adjustment of soil humidity, combination of soil fertilization and extra-root topdressing, yellow leaf suspension for trapping and killing aphids, and selection of safe and efficient biological agents for alternate prevention and control in the early stage of disease and pest occurrence; c. harvesting later dormancy earlier stage: removing branches of diseases and pests, hanging yellow plates to trap and kill aphids, supplementing nutrition in time after harvesting, and selecting safe and efficient biological agents for alternate prevention and control at the initial generation stage of the diseases and pests;
in the step of land improvement, the PH value of soil in the blueberry cultivation base is 4.3-4.8; the soil improving agent comprises wood vinegar substances; the organic matter content of the soil is 12%; the organic matter comprises one or more of turfy soil, pine needles, sawdust and rotten barks.
In the fertilizing step, the blueberry special fertilizer comprises decomposed wormcast, plant fertilizer and bacterial manure; the fish amino acid is a product obtained by fermenting fish leftovers; the medium trace elements are products obtained after animal bone fermentation; the water-soluble fertilizer comprises one or more of a vitamin-containing water-soluble fertilizer, a potassium-containing water-soluble fertilizer, a natural brassin water-soluble fertilizer and a boron-containing water-soluble fertilizer.
In the fertilizing step, the fertilizers applied in the bud stage, the fruit expanding stage, the color-changing mature stage and the tree vigor recovery stage after fruit picking are respectively as follows: a. bud stage: the fertilizer comprises a blueberry special fertilizer, a fish amino acid fertilizer and a water-soluble fertilizer, wherein the fertilizer application modes comprise root application and foliar application, and the application depth of the root application is 10-20 cm; the water-soluble fertilizer comprises a vitamin-containing water-soluble fertilizer, a natural brassin water-soluble fertilizer and a boron-containing water-soluble fertilizer; b. the fertilizer applied in the fruit expansion period comprises a special blueberry fertilizer, a medium trace element fertilizer and a water-soluble fertilizer, and the water-soluble fertilizer comprises a potassium-containing water-soluble fertilizer and a natural brassin water-soluble fertilizer; the fertilizer applied in the tree vigor recovery period after fruit picking comprises a blueberry special fertilizer, a fish amino acid fertilizer, a medium trace element fertilizer and a water-soluble fertilizer, wherein the water-soluble fertilizer comprises a potassium-containing water-soluble fertilizer.
The natural brassin water-soluble fertilizer comprises the following natural brassin and water in a weight ratio: 8 mg: 20 kg; the boron-containing water-soluble fertilizer comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 15g to 20 kg; the weight ratio of the vitamins to the water in the vitamin-containing water-soluble fertilizer is as follows: 25 mg: 20 kg; the weight ratio of potassium to water in the potassium-containing water-soluble fertilizer is as follows: 20g to 20 kg.
As shown in fig. 1-8, the weeding machine comprises a driving rod 1, a first roller 11, a supporting frame 12, a holding rod 13, an adjusting ring 14, a supporting plate 15, a weeding part 2, a scattering part 4, a control part 5, a first fixing rod 16, a second roller 17 and a stop block 18; the first roller 11 is arranged on the driving rod 1, the support frame 12 is arranged on the driving rod 1, the holding rod 13 is arranged on the support frame 12, the adjusting ring 14 is rotatably arranged on the holding rod 13 and is used for adjusting the rotating speed of the driving rod 1, the support plate 15 is arranged on the support frame 12, the weeding component 2 is rotatably arranged on the support frame 12, the scattering component 4 is arranged on the support frame 12, the control component 5 is slidably arranged on the support frame 12, the support plate 15 of the first fixing rod 16 also comprises one end arranged on the support plate 15, the second roller 17 is rotatably arranged on the first fixing rod 16, and the stop block 18 is arranged on the support frame 12; when weeding is needed, the holding rod 13 is used for holding the direction, the adjusting ring 14 rotates to enable the driving rod 1 to rotate, and therefore the first roller 11 rotates; weeding part 2 can shovel the soil that has weeds, breaks up part 4 and prevents that ruderal root and soil from being connected, and the degree of depth of soil is shoveled in the control unit 5 control, and dog 18 prevents that the soil that is broken up from splashing, through second gyro wheel 17 and first gyro wheel 11, can improve weeder's stability.
As shown in fig. 4, 6 and 7, the weeding member 2 comprises a rotary ring 21, a torsion spring 22, a transmission rod 23, a second fixing rod 24, a first rotary rod 25, a weeding plate 26 and an adjusting assembly 3; the rotating rings 21 are symmetrically arranged on the supporting frame 12, two ends of a torsion spring 22 are respectively arranged on the supporting frame 12 and the rotating rings 21 and are used for resetting the rotating rings 21, the transmission rods 23 are respectively arranged on the rotating rings 21, the second fixing rods 24 are respectively arranged on the transmission rods 23, two ends of a first rotating rod 25 are respectively connected with the second fixing rods 24, the weeding plate 26 is arranged on the first rotating rod 25, and the adjusting assembly 3 is used for enabling the weeding plate 26 to rotate; the inside of soil can be entered into to the one end of weeding board 26, starts the weeder this moment, lets the weeder move forward, and weeding board 26 will shovel the soil with the miscellaneous grass.
As shown in fig. 4, 6 and 7, the adjusting assembly 3 comprises a rack 31, a tooth slot 32 and a convex tooth 33; the rack 31 is symmetrically fixed on the support frame 12, the tooth space 32 is arranged on the second fixing rod 24, and the convex tooth 33 is arranged on the brake of the first rotating rod 25; the convex teeth 33 are meshed with the rack 31; the rack 31 can slide on the tooth groove 32; when the rotating ring 21 rotates and the weeding plate 26 enters the soil further, the rack 31 is fixed on the support frame 12 and is kept unchanged, but the tooth groove 32 is staggered relatively, and the convex tooth 33 meshed with the rack 31 is rotated, so that the first rotating rod 25 rotates anticlockwise, and the weeding plate 26 also rotates anticlockwise; in this way, as the cutting board 26 enters deeper soil, the soil becomes thicker and the required depth of cut becomes larger, but the cutting board 26 rotates counterclockwise with a smaller angle of transmission with the soil, so that the required cutting force also becomes smaller.
As shown in fig. 6, the scattering member 4 includes a second rotating rod 41, a plurality of primary scattering rods 42, a plurality of secondary scattering rods 43, a groove 44, and a transmission belt 45; the second rotating rod 41 is rotatably arranged on the second fixing rod 24, a plurality of main scattering rods 42 are arranged on the second rotating rod 41, a plurality of secondary scattering rods 43 are arranged on the second rotating rod 41, a groove 44 is arranged on the weeding plate 26, and two ends of a transmission belt 45 are respectively wound on the driving rod 1 and the second rotating rod 41; one end of the primary breakup rod 42 can enter the groove 44; when the weeder is in operation, weeder 26 can shovel soil and weeds all, and weeds have been shoveled this moment, but weeds's root still with by the soil of shoveling together, through the conveyer belt, let second bull stick 41 rotate, break up the pole and also can rotate, through breaking up the pole, can break up soil, let the root and the soil separation of weeds with.
As shown in fig. 6, the control component 5 includes a sliding slot 51, a sliding block 52, a first push rod 53, an unlocking assembly 6, a control spring 54, and a first push portion 55; the sliding grooves 51 are symmetrically arranged on the support frame 12, the sliding blocks 52 are arranged on the sliding grooves 51, the first push rods 53 are used for enabling the sliding blocks 52 to move downwards, the unlocking assemblies 6 are used for enabling the sliding blocks 52 to move upwards, the control springs 54 are arranged on the sliding grooves 51 and used for enabling the sliding blocks 52 to reset, and the first pushing parts 55 are arranged at two ends of the sliding blocks 52; the first pushing part 55 can push the rotating rod to rotate; some weeds are higher, which means that the roots of the weeds are also deeper, and when the weeding plate 26 needs to enter the soil layer further, the first push rod 53 can be pushed by hands or feet to move the slide block 52 downwards, the first push part 55 of the slide block 52 pushes the transmission rod 23 to rotate the transmission rod 23, so that the first fixed rod 16 also rotates, and the weeding plate 26 on the fixed rod enters the soil layer further to eradicate the weeds with long roots; when the weeding plate 26 needs to be reset, the sliding block 52 moves upwards through the unlocking assembly 6, the first pushing part 55 releases the limit of the transmission rod 23, the transmission rod 23 and the first fixing rod 16 are reset under the action of the torsion spring 22, and the weeding plate 26 is also reset.
As shown in fig. 5, 6 and 8, the unlocking assembly 6 includes a second push rod 61, a second push part 62, an unlocking slot 63, an unlocking block 64, an unlocking spring 65, a plurality of fixing slots 66, a first inclined surface 67 and a second inclined surface 68; the second push rod 61 is arranged on the slide block 52 in a vertically movable manner, the second push part 62 is arranged on the second push rod 61, the unlocking groove 63 is arranged on the slide block 52, the unlocking block 64 is arranged on the unlocking groove 63 in a sliding manner, the unlocking spring 65 is arranged on the unlocking groove 63 and is used for resetting the unlocking block 64, the plurality of fixing grooves 66 are arranged on the support frame 12, the first inclined surface 67 is arranged on the unlocking block 64, and the second inclined surface 68 is arranged on the unlocking block 64; the first inclined surface 67 can be in contact with the wall of the valley bottom groove; the second inclined surface 68 can contact with the second pushing part 62; one end of the unlocking block 64 can enter one of the plurality of fixing grooves 66; when pushing the first push rod 53, the sliding block 52 moves downwards, the first inclined surface 67 is abutted by the groove wall of the fixing groove 66, the unlocking block 64 moves to the right, one end of the unlocking block 64 comes out of the fixing groove 66, then the first push rod 53 is released, the control spring 54 pushes the sliding block 52 to move upwards, but the unlocking spring 65 allows one end of the unlocking block 64 to enter the nearest fixing groove 66, so that the sliding block 52 is kept fixed, and the weeding plate 26 is also kept fixed.
Claims (10)
1. An organic blueberry cultivation method is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting and isolating the ground: selecting a land which is far away from pollution and has a flat topography as a blueberry cultivation base, wherein an isolation strip is arranged in the blueberry cultivation base, and a ditch or a ridge is arranged around the isolation strip;
(2) soil improvement: the PH value of soil in the blueberry cultivation base in the step (1) is 4.0-5.5, and when the pH value of the soil is more than 5.5, the soil improvement agent is used for adjusting; when the organic matter content of the soil is 5-18% and is lower than 5%, adding organic matters;
(3) planting: the planted blueberry varieties comprise main planting varieties and pollination varieties, the ratio of the main planting varieties to the pollination varieties is 1: 2-3: 1, the planting row direction is south-north direction planting, and irregular hilly lands are planted along contour lines;
(4) fertilizing: fertilizer: comprises one or more of blueberry special fertilizer, fish amino acid fertilizer, medium trace element fertilizer and water-soluble fertilizer; fertilizing times: fertilizing 4-6 times every year, namely a bud germination period, a fruit expansion period, a color conversion mature period and a tree vigor recovery period after fruit picking;
(5) weeding: a. weeding the soil between rows and ridges where the blueberry trees are planted through a weeding machine; b. arranging a covering between the rows or the ridges, wherein the thickness of the covering is 10-15 cm;
(6) water content management: the water source adopts a single water source special for an organic orchard, and the water content of soil in the germination stage, the early stage of rapid growth of branches and the fruit expansion stage is 60-70% of the maximum water holding capacity of the soil; the soil water content in the fruit mature period and the harvesting period is 50-60% of the maximum water holding capacity of the soil; the water content of the soil in late autumn is 40-55% of the maximum water holding capacity of the soil; filling once sealing water before winter; watering by drip irrigation equipment;
(7) and (3) preventing and controlling diseases and pests: a. bud stage: removing the insect branches in time and supplementing vitamins; early prevention with a biological agent comprising spinosad or polyoxin; b. and (3) fruit setting stage: balanced fertilization, reasonable supplement of medium trace elements, adjustment of soil humidity, combination of soil fertilization and extra-root topdressing, yellow leaf suspension for trapping and killing aphids, and selection of safe and efficient biological agents for alternate prevention and control in the early stage of disease and pest occurrence; c. harvesting later dormancy earlier stage: removing branches of diseases and pests, hanging yellow plates to trap and kill aphids, supplementing nutrition in time after harvesting, and selecting safe and efficient biological agents for alternate prevention and control at the initial generation stage of the diseases and pests;
in the weeding step, the weeding machine comprises a driving rod (1), a first roller (11) arranged on the driving rod (1), a support frame (12) arranged on the driving rod (1), a holding rod (13) arranged on the support frame (12), an adjusting ring (14) which is rotatably arranged on the holding rod (13) and is used for adjusting the rotating speed of the driving rod (1), a support plate (15) arranged on the support frame (12), a weeding part (2) rotatably arranged on the support frame (12), a scattering part (4) arranged on the support frame (12), and a control part (5) slidably arranged on the support frame (12); the supporting plate (15) further comprises a first fixing rod (16) arranged at one end of the supporting plate (15), a second roller (17) rotatably arranged on the first fixing rod (16), and a stop block (18) arranged on the supporting frame (12); when weeding is needed, the direction is grasped by the holding rod (13), the driving rod (1) can be rotated by rotating the adjusting ring (14), and the first roller (11) is rotated; weeding part (2) can shovel the soil that has weeds, breaks up parts (4) and prevents that the root of weeds is connected with soil, and the degree of depth of soil is shoveled in control part (5) control, and dog (18) prevent by the soil of breaking up and splash, through second gyro wheel (17) and first gyro wheel (11), can improve weeder's stability.
2. The organic blueberry cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step of land improvement, the PH value of soil in the blueberry cultivation base is 4.3-4.8; the soil improving agent comprises wood vinegar substances; the organic matter content of the soil is 12%; the organic matter comprises one or more of turfy soil, pine needles, sawdust and rotten barks.
3. The organic blueberry cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the weeding component (2) comprises a rotating ring (21) symmetrically arranged on the support frame (12), torsion springs (22) with two ends respectively arranged on the support frame (12) and the rotating ring (21) and used for resetting the rotating ring (21), transmission rods (23) respectively arranged on the rotating ring (21), second fixed rods (24) respectively arranged on the transmission rods (23), first rotating rods (25) with two ends respectively connected with the second fixed rods (24), weeding plates (26) arranged on the first rotating rods (25), and an adjusting component (3) used for enabling the weeding plates (26) to rotate; one end of the weeding plate (26) can enter the soil, the weeding machine is started at the moment, the weeding machine moves forwards, and the weeding plate (26) shovels the soil with weeds.
4. The organic blueberry cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the fertilizing step, the blueberry special fertilizer comprises decomposed wormcast, plant fertilizer and bacterial manure; the fish amino acid is a product obtained by fermenting fish leftovers; the medium trace elements are products obtained after animal bone fermentation; the water-soluble fertilizer comprises one or more of a vitamin-containing water-soluble fertilizer, a potassium-containing water-soluble fertilizer, a natural brassin water-soluble fertilizer and a boron-containing water-soluble fertilizer.
5. The organic blueberry cultivation method as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the adjusting component (3) comprises racks (31) symmetrically and fixedly arranged on the supporting frame (12), tooth grooves (32) arranged on the second fixing rod (24) and convex teeth (33) arranged on brakes of the first rotating rod (25); the convex teeth (33) are meshed with the rack (31); the rack (31) can slide on the tooth groove (32); when the rotating ring (21) rotates and the weeding plate (26) enters soil further, the rack (31) is fixed on the support frame (12) and is kept unchanged, but the tooth grooves (32) are staggered relatively, and the convex teeth (33) meshed with the rack (31) are rotated, so that the first rotating rod (25) rotates anticlockwise, and the weeding plate (26) also rotates anticlockwise; in this way, when the weeding plate (26) enters deeper soil, although the soil becomes thicker and the required shoveling area becomes larger, when the weeding plate (26) rotates anticlockwise, the transmission angle with the soil becomes smaller and smaller, so that the required shoveling force also becomes smaller.
6. The organic blueberry cultivation method as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the scattering component (4) comprises a second rotating rod (41) rotatably arranged on the second fixing rod (24), a plurality of main scattering rods (42) arranged on the second rotating rod (41), a plurality of secondary scattering rods (43) arranged on the second rotating rod (41), a groove (44) arranged on the weeding plate (26), and a transmission belt (45) with two ends respectively wound on the driving rod (1) and the second rotating rod (41); one end of the main breaking rod (42) can enter the groove (44); when the weeding machine works, the weeding plate (26) can shovel soil and weeds, at the moment, although the weeds are shoveled, the roots of the weeds are still connected with the shoveled soil, the second rotating rod (41) is rotated through the conveying belt, the scattering rod can also rotate, the soil can be scattered through the scattering rod, and the roots of the weeds are separated from the soil.
7. The organic blueberry cultivation method as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the control component (5) comprises sliding grooves (51) symmetrically arranged on the support frame (12), sliding blocks (52) arranged on the sliding grooves (51), first push rods (53) used for enabling the sliding blocks (52) to move downwards, unlocking assemblies (6) used for enabling the sliding blocks (52) to move upwards, control springs (54) arranged on the sliding grooves (51) and used for enabling the sliding blocks (52) to reset, and first pushing parts (55) arranged at two ends of the sliding blocks (52); the first pushing part (55) can push the rotating rod to rotate; some weeds are higher, which indicates that the roots of the weeds are also deeper, when the weeding plate (26) needs to enter the soil layer further, the first push rod (53) can be pushed by hands or feet to move the sliding block (52) downwards, the first push part (55) of the sliding block (52) can push the transmission rod (23), the transmission rod (23) is rotated, the first fixing rod (16) can also rotate, and the weeding plate (26) on the fixing rod can enter the soil layer further to eradicate the weeds with longer roots; when needing to reset, through unblock subassembly (6), let slider (52) up move for first portion (55) of pushing away has relieved the spacing to transfer line (23), under the effect of torsional spring (22), lets transfer line (23) and first dead lever (16) all reset, thereby lets except that grass board (26) also resets.
8. The organic blueberry cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the fertilizing step, the fertilizers applied in the bud stage, the fruit expanding stage, the color-changing mature stage and the tree vigor recovery stage after fruit picking are respectively as follows: a. bud stage: the fertilizer comprises a blueberry special fertilizer, a fish amino acid fertilizer and a water-soluble fertilizer, wherein the fertilizer application modes comprise root application and foliar application, and the application depth of the root application is 10-20 cm; the water-soluble fertilizer comprises a vitamin-containing water-soluble fertilizer, a natural brassin water-soluble fertilizer and a boron-containing water-soluble fertilizer; b. the fertilizer applied in the fruit expansion period comprises a special blueberry fertilizer, a medium trace element fertilizer and a water-soluble fertilizer, and the water-soluble fertilizer comprises a potassium-containing water-soluble fertilizer and a natural brassin water-soluble fertilizer; the fertilizer applied in the tree vigor recovery period after fruit picking comprises a blueberry special fertilizer, a fish amino acid fertilizer, a medium trace element fertilizer and a water-soluble fertilizer, wherein the water-soluble fertilizer comprises a potassium-containing water-soluble fertilizer.
9. The organic blueberry cultivation method as claimed in claim 7, wherein: the unlocking assembly (6) comprises a second push rod (61) which is arranged on the sliding block (52) in a vertically movable mode, a second pushing part (62) which is arranged on the second push rod (61), an unlocking groove (63) which is arranged on the sliding block (52), an unlocking block (64) which is arranged on the unlocking groove (63) in a sliding mode, an unlocking spring (65) which is arranged on the unlocking groove (63) and used for resetting the unlocking block (64), a plurality of fixing grooves (66) which are arranged on the supporting frame (12), a first inclined surface (67) which is arranged on the unlocking block (64), and a second inclined surface (68) which is arranged on the unlocking block (64); the first inclined surface (67) can be contacted with the groove wall of the valley bottom groove; the second inclined surface (68) can be in contact with the second pushing part (62); one end of the unlocking block (64) can enter one of the plurality of fixing grooves (66); when the first push rod (53) is pushed, the sliding block (52) moves downwards, the first inclined surface (67) is pushed against the groove wall of the fixing groove (66), the unlocking block (64) moves to the right, one end of the unlocking block (64) comes out of the fixing groove (66), then the first push rod (53) is released, the control spring (54) can push the sliding block (52) to move upwards, but the end of the unlocking block (64) enters the nearest fixing groove (66) through the unlocking spring (65), the sliding block (52) is kept fixed, and the grass removing plate (26) is also kept fixed.
10. The organic blueberry cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the natural brassin water-soluble fertilizer comprises the following natural brassin and water in a weight ratio: 8 mg: 20 kg; the boron-containing water-soluble fertilizer comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 15g to 20 kg; the weight ratio of the vitamins to the water in the vitamin-containing water-soluble fertilizer is as follows: 25 mg: 20 kg; the weight ratio of potassium to water in the potassium-containing water-soluble fertilizer is as follows: 20g to 20 kg.
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110266788.0A CN113141949A (en) | 2021-03-11 | 2021-03-11 | Organic blueberry cultivation method |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202110266788.0A CN113141949A (en) | 2021-03-11 | 2021-03-11 | Organic blueberry cultivation method |
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| CN113141949A true CN113141949A (en) | 2021-07-23 |
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| CN202110266788.0A Withdrawn CN113141949A (en) | 2021-03-11 | 2021-03-11 | Organic blueberry cultivation method |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113924831A (en) * | 2021-10-04 | 2022-01-14 | 李鹏飞 | Automatic screening and weeding device for intelligent agricultural machinery |
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