CN113138321A - Single-ended fault location method in flexible direct current transmission system - Google Patents

Single-ended fault location method in flexible direct current transmission system Download PDF

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CN113138321A
CN113138321A CN202110424739.5A CN202110424739A CN113138321A CN 113138321 A CN113138321 A CN 113138321A CN 202110424739 A CN202110424739 A CN 202110424739A CN 113138321 A CN113138321 A CN 113138321A
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贾科
刘鑫
钮厚敏
毕天姝
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North China Electric Power University
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/08—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks
    • G01R31/081—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks according to type of conductors
    • G01R31/085—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks according to type of conductors in power transmission or distribution lines, e.g. overhead
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/08—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks
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Abstract

The invention discloses a single-ended fault location method in a flexible direct-current transmission system, which comprises the steps of solving the distribution of line voltage and current of a line of the flexible direct-current transmission system through a telegraph equation based on a Bergeron model adopted by the flexible direct-current transmission system; based on the distribution condition of voltage and current, the difference of transient voltage variation of a fault point before and after the fault forms a fault distance measurement criterion when the fault occurs, and fault distance measurement is completed when the fault occurs according to the fault distance measurement criterion. The method can effectively shorten the fault clearing time, improve the power supply reliability, can be realized only through single-end quantity without communication, and has strong capacity of resisting transition resistance and noise.

Description

Single-ended fault location method in flexible direct current transmission system
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of flexible direct current transmission systems, in particular to a single-ended fault location method in a flexible direct current transmission system.
Background
The high-voltage flexible direct-current transmission adopts an overhead line, the operation environment is complex, line faults are difficult to avoid, and the rapid and accurate fault location can effectively shorten the fault clearing time, and is very important for ensuring the system safety and rapidly recovering power supply. The existing method for fault location of the direct current transmission line is divided into double-end quantity fault location and single-end quantity fault location according to the electric quantity used for location, however, the double-end quantity location method usually needs stricter synchronous data communication, and communication delay, interference and other problems in a long-distance scene can affect the location result; the single-end distance measurement method only needs one end of data, does not need communication and data synchronization, but the single-end distance measurement algorithm in the prior art is limited in application scene and can cause the reduction of distance measurement precision after being interfered.
Therefore, there is a need to develop a single-ended fault location solution that can be applied to different scenarios and has a certain interference tolerance capability.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a single-end fault location method in a flexible direct-current power transmission system, which can effectively shorten the fault clearing time and improve the power supply reliability, can be realized only through single-end quantity without communication, and has stronger capacity of resisting transition resistance and noise.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a method of single-ended fault location in a flexible direct current power transmission system, the method comprising:
step 1, solving the distribution of line voltage and current of a flexible direct current transmission system line through a telegraph equation based on a Bergeron model adopted by the flexible direct current transmission system;
and 2, based on the distribution conditions of voltage and current, forming a fault distance measurement criterion according to the difference of transient voltage variation of fault points before and after the fault when the fault occurs, and completing fault distance measurement when the fault occurs according to the fault distance measurement criterion.
According to the technical scheme provided by the invention, the method can effectively shorten the fault clearing time, improve the power supply reliability, can be realized only by single-end quantity without communication, and has strong capacity of resisting transition resistance and noise.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments are briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a single-ended fault location method in a flexible direct current power transmission system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a multi-terminal flexible DC power transmission system topology according to an example of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating simulation results when a bipolar short circuit occurs in an exemplary circuit according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating simulation results after noise filtering according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments of the present invention without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The embodiment of the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, and as shown in fig. 1, a schematic flow chart of a single-ended fault location method in a flexible direct current power transmission system provided by the embodiment of the present invention is shown, where the method includes:
step 1, solving the distribution of line voltage and current of a flexible direct current transmission system line through a telegraph equation based on a Bergeron model adopted by the flexible direct current transmission system;
in the step, a berelon model is adopted by the flexible direct current transmission system, the distribution parameter characteristic of the long-distance transmission line can be accurately reflected, for the long-distance direct current transmission line with the distribution parameter characteristic, the telegram equation is more accurate in solving the distribution of the electric quantity along the line, and the influence of each parameter of the line on the electric quantity is considered, so that under the berelon model, the distribution of the voltage and the current along the line is solved through the telegram equation, and firstly, the following decoupling matrix needs to be constructed to carry out phase-mode transformation on the voltage and the current:
Figure BDA0003028921210000021
in the formula: s is a decoupling matrix, and T is a transposed symbol;
based on a Bergeron model adopted by a flexible direct current transmission system, the voltage and current at a measuring end are subjected to phase-mode conversion calculation to obtain the mode voltage and the mode current distributed along a line, and the expression is as follows:
Figure BDA0003028921210000031
Figure BDA0003028921210000032
in the formula ik(t) and uk(t) k-mode current and voltage at the measuring end at time t, respectively; i.e. ik(x, t) and uk(x, t) are k-mode current and voltage at the distance x from the measuring end at the time t respectively; r iskResistance in k mode; zckIs the wave impedance in the k-mode; v. ofkIs the wave velocity in the k-mode; k is a modulus index and can be 1 or 0;
calculating the mode voltage and the mode current distributed along the line by the above formula, and then obtaining the positive and negative electrode voltage and the positive and negative electrode current of each point along the line by the phase-mode inverse transformation matrix, wherein the following formula is shown as follows:
Figure BDA0003028921210000033
in the formula uPMeasuring the positive electrode voltage of the terminal; u. ofNMeasuring the terminal negative voltage; i.e. iPTo measureMeasuring the anode current; i.e. iNMeasuring the terminal negative current; u. of1Is the voltage of the 1 mode of the measuring terminal; u. of0Is the measurement terminal 0 mode voltage; i.e. i 11 mode current is measured for the measuring terminal; i.e. i0To measure the terminal 0 mode current.
And 2, based on the distribution conditions of voltage and current, forming a fault distance measurement criterion according to the difference of transient voltage variation of fault points before and after the fault when the fault occurs, and completing fault distance measurement when the fault occurs according to the fault distance measurement criterion.
In this step, before the line fails, the difference between the voltages corresponding to the points of the line at different times is 0, as shown in the following formula:
up(x,t)＝up(x,t+Δt)
after the circuit broke down, the voltage of fault point department can change rapidly, and there is obvious difference with the voltage change difference of other points of circuit, so select the trouble moment as reference time, moment fault point can produce a great transient voltage variation quantity before and after the trouble, shows as:
up(x,t)-up(x,t+Δt)＝F
in the formula, F is the transient voltage variation of the fault point before and after the fault;
for the voltage of the line from the fault point to the opposite terminal, the voltage transformation change of the measuring terminal and the opposite terminal relative to the moment before the fault is large because the opposite terminal system feeds short-circuit current to the fault point. The difference of transient voltage variation of a fault point before and after a fault constitutes a fault distance measurement criterion, which is as follows:
Figure BDA0003028921210000041
in the formula, x(k)Is a fault location; e is a setting value of the transient voltage variation; and completing fault location when a fault occurs according to the fault location criterion;
because the transient voltage variation at the fault point is the largest when a fault occurs and the voltage of the line from the fault point to the opposite end cannot be accurately calculated, the transient voltage variation at the fault point is set according to the transient voltage variation,
taking a bipolar short-circuit fault as an example, the fault current of the line when the fault occurs can be represented by the following formula:
Figure BDA0003028921210000042
Figure BDA0003028921210000043
in the formula, L0Representing bridge arm inductance; l islRepresents the dc line inductance; rlRepresents the dc line resistance; rfRepresenting a fault point transition resistance; c represents an equivalent capacitance; i is0Indicating a direct current instantaneous value of a protection installation at the moment of a fault; u shapedcNRepresenting rated interelectrode voltage of the direct current line;
and (3) substituting the calculated current value when the fault just occurs into the voltage distribution of each point of the circuit obtained in the step (1), subtracting the voltage value obtained by calculation in the normal state, and taking the voltage value as a setting value E of the transient voltage variation.
In a specific implementation, the method further comprises:
when the setting value of the original transient voltage variation is not changed, a compensation coefficient delta x is added on the basis of the original ranging result under the condition of filtering, so that the method is guaranteed to have better ranging accuracy under different noises.
Specifically, under an ideal condition, the voltage variation at a fault point suddenly increases, a peak appears on a waveform, in order to enhance the anti-noise capability of the algorithm, a Butterworth filtering algorithm is used for denoising a measurement signal, however, the transient voltage variation is relatively slow in the filtering process, the peak appearing on the waveform is weakened, and a certain deviation occurs when the setting value of the provided distance measurement criterion is judged, so that a compensation coefficient can be added to the criterion under the condition of considering filtering, and the criterion still has high distance measurement accuracy after filtering.
The principle of filtering is mainly to transform the measured voltage value by a transfer function, and the expression is as follows:
Figure BDA0003028921210000051
wherein M is the order of the molecule; n is the order of the denominator;
it is further expressed in the form of a difference equation, as follows:
y(n)＝b0x(n)+b1x(n-1)...+bMx(n-M)-a1y(n-1)-...-aN(n-N)
in the formula, a1,a2,…,aN,aN+1And b1,b2,…,bM,bM+1Is a system-dependent constant; x (n-M), …, x (n) represents the input quantity of the filter; y (N-N), …, y (N) representing the output of the filter; n is the number of output quantities;
the change of the filtered voltage data is obtained through the above formula, the change of the slope of the voltage data is reflected on the waveform, and the compensation coefficient delta x which needs to be compensated after filtering can be obtained through the change of the slope, as shown in the following formula:
Figure BDA0003028921210000052
in the formula of UsetIs a set value of the transient voltage variation; k is a radical of1、k2Representing the waveform slope before and after filtering;
therefore, according to the formula, when the setting value of the original transient voltage variation is not changed, the compensation coefficient delta x is added on the basis of the original ranging result, so that the method is ensured to have better ranging accuracy under different noises.
In addition, for transient faults, considering that the ground resistance varies with the arc resistance in the case of an arc fault, the arc resistance in high voltage direct current can be represented by the following formula:
Rarc＝(13.11+0.287×Larc 1.238)×Iarc -0.846
in the formula, RarcIs an arc resistance; l isarcIs the arc length; i isarcIs the arc current;
from the above equation, the arc resistance changes with the change of the arc current, which results in the change of the reflected wave at the fault point, and the reflection coefficient is shown as the following equation:
Nf＝-ZC/(ZC+2(Rf+Rarc))
in the formula, ZCIs the line wave impedance; rfIs a transition resistance; rarcIs an arc resistance;
according to the formula, the reflection coefficient is changed when the arc resistance is changed, so that the reflected wave is changed, the wave head of the reflected wave is difficult to identify and the distance measurement is possible to fail, but the difference of the transient voltage value is not changed no matter the arc resistance which is changed under the arc fault or the fault is grounded through a high transition resistor, so that the method provided by the embodiment of the invention can still ensure higher fault distance measurement precision.
The process of the above method is described in detail by using a specific example, as shown in fig. 2, a topological schematic diagram of a multi-terminal flexible dc power transmission system according to an example of the present invention is shown, and in fig. 2: the rated voltage level of a direct current circuit is +/-500 kV, each end of the system is connected with the direct current circuit through a half-bridge sub-module based modular multilevel converter (HBSM-MMC), the MMC1 in the system adopts fixed direct current voltage and fixed alternating current voltage control, MMC2, MMC3 and MMC4 adopt fixed active power and fixed alternating current voltage control, each direct current breaker is a hybrid direct current breaker, and the hybrid direct current breaker is configured at two ends of a power transmission line to quickly isolate faults. The total length of each transmission line is 400km, and a Bergeron model is adopted. A double short-circuit fault and a single-pole ground fault are set at different positions of the Line 1.
As shown in fig. 3, which is a schematic diagram of a simulation result when a bipolar short circuit occurs in a line according to an example of the present invention, it can be seen from the simulation result that a value of a transient voltage variation at a fault point starts to change, and accurate positioning of the line can be achieved by selecting a position of the transient voltage variation.
As shown in fig. 4, which is a schematic diagram of a simulation result after noise filtering is performed according to an example of the present invention, it can be seen from the simulation result that noise is added to the transient electrical quantity, and a filtering process causes a relatively slow transient voltage variation, so as to weaken a peak appearing on a waveform, and therefore a compensation coefficient Δ x needs to be compensated, so that the proposed method can be ensured to have a better ranging accuracy under different noises.
The following table 1 shows the ranging results and errors of the fault ranging method provided by the present invention when the double short circuit fault occurs at different positions of the line:
TABLE 1
Figure BDA0003028921210000061
The ranging results in table 1 above show that the ranging results of the method provided herein are accurate over the full length of the line, and the maximum ranging error is about 1% of the full length of the line.
The following table 2 shows the ranging results and errors when the fault ranging method provided by the invention generates bipolar short-circuit fault and adds different noises:
TABLE 2
Figure BDA0003028921210000062
Figure BDA0003028921210000071
The ranging results in table 2 above show that, when a Δ x is compensated in consideration of filtering, the ranging results are still accurate, and it can be seen that the ranging error can still be maintained within 1% of the total length of the line under different noises.
The following table 3 shows the ranging results and errors when the fault ranging method provided by the invention has different transition resistances with bipolar short-circuit faults:
TABLE 3
Figure BDA0003028921210000072
Figure BDA0003028921210000081
The ranging results of table 3 above show that: under the condition of different transition resistances, the distance measurement error is about 1% of the full length of the line at most, and the algorithm is proved to be capable of tolerating certain transition resistances.
It is noted that those skilled in the art will recognize that embodiments of the present invention are not described in detail herein.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims (5)

1. A method for single-ended fault location in a flexible dc power transmission system, the method comprising:
step 1, solving the distribution of line voltage and current of a flexible direct current transmission system line through a telegraph equation based on a Bergeron model adopted by the flexible direct current transmission system;
and 2, based on the distribution conditions of voltage and current, forming a fault distance measurement criterion according to the difference of transient voltage variation of fault points before and after the fault when the fault occurs, and completing fault distance measurement when the fault occurs according to the fault distance measurement criterion.
2. The single-ended fault location method in the flexible direct-current transmission system according to claim 1, wherein the process of step 1 specifically comprises:
firstly, constructing the following decoupling matrix to perform phase-mode transformation on voltage and current:
Figure FDA0003028921200000011
in the formula, S is a decoupling matrix, and T is a transposed symbol;
based on a Bergeron model adopted by a flexible direct current transmission system, the voltage and current at a measuring end are subjected to phase-mode conversion calculation to obtain the mode voltage and the mode current distributed along a line, and the expression is as follows:
Figure FDA0003028921200000012
Figure FDA0003028921200000013
in the formula ik(t) and uk(t) k-mode current and voltage at the measuring end at time t, respectively; i.e. ik(x, t) and uk(x, t) are k-mode current and voltage at the distance x from the measuring end at the time t respectively; r iskResistance in k mode; zckIs the wave impedance in the k-mode; v. ofkIs the wave velocity in the k-mode; k is a modulus index and can be 1 or 0;
calculating the mode voltage and the mode current distributed along the line by the above formula, and then obtaining the positive and negative electrode voltage and the positive and negative electrode current of each point along the line by the phase-mode inverse transformation matrix, wherein the following formula is shown as follows:
Figure FDA0003028921200000014
in the formula uPMeasuring the positive electrode voltage of the terminal; u. ofNMeasuring the terminal negative voltage; i.e. iPMeasuring the end anode current; i.e. iNMeasuring the terminal negative current; u. of1For measuring terminal 1 mode voltage；u0Is the measurement terminal 0 mode voltage; i.e. i11 mode current is measured for the measuring terminal; i.e. i0To measure the terminal 0 mode current.
3. The single-ended fault location method in a flexible direct current transmission system according to claim 1, characterized in that, in said step 2,
before the line fails, the difference between the voltages corresponding to the points of the line at different times is 0, as shown in the following formula:
up(x,t)＝up(x,t+Δt)
after the circuit broke down, the voltage of fault point department can change rapidly, and there is obvious difference with the voltage change difference of other points of circuit, so select the trouble moment as reference time, moment fault point can produce a great transient voltage variation quantity before and after the trouble, shows as:
up(x,t)-up(x,t+Δt)＝F
in the formula, F is the transient voltage variation of the fault point before and after the fault;
the difference of transient voltage variation of a fault point before and after a fault constitutes a fault distance measurement criterion, which is as follows:
Figure FDA0003028921200000021
in the formula, x(k)Is a fault location; e is a setting value of the transient voltage variation; and completing fault location when a fault occurs according to the fault location criterion;
and (3) substituting the calculated current value when the fault just occurs into the voltage distribution of each point of the circuit obtained in the step (1), subtracting the voltage value obtained by calculation in the normal state, and taking the voltage value as a setting value E of the transient voltage variation.
4. A method of single-ended fault location in a flexible direct current transmission system according to claim 1, characterized in that the method further comprises:
when the setting value of the original transient voltage variation is not changed, a compensation coefficient delta x is added on the basis of the original ranging result under the condition of filtering, so that the method is guaranteed to have better ranging accuracy under different noises.
5. The single-ended fault location method in the flexible direct-current transmission system according to claim 4, wherein the process of adding the compensation coefficient Δ x based on the original location result based on the filtering specifically comprises:
the principle of filtering is mainly to transform the measured voltage value by a transfer function, and the expression is as follows:
Figure FDA0003028921200000022
wherein M is the order of the molecule; n is the order of the denominator;
it is further expressed in the form of a difference equation, as follows:
y(n)＝b0x(n)+b1x(n-1)...+bMx(n-M)-a1y(n-1)-...-aN(n-N)
in the formula, a1,a2,…,aN,aN+1And b1,b2,…,bM,bM+1Is a system-dependent constant; x (n-M), …, x (n) represents the input quantity of the filter; y (N-N), …, y (N) representing the output of the filter; n is the number of output quantities;
the change of the filtered voltage data is obtained through the above formula, the change of the slope of the voltage data is reflected on the waveform, and the compensation coefficient delta x which needs to be compensated after filtering can be obtained through the change of the slope, as shown in the following formula:
Figure FDA0003028921200000031
in the formula of UsetIs a set value of the transient voltage variation; k is a radical of1、k2Display filterThe wave slopes before and after the wave;
therefore, according to the formula, when the setting value of the original transient voltage variation is not changed, the compensation coefficient delta x is added on the basis of the original ranging result, so that the method is ensured to have better ranging accuracy under different noises.
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