CN110568308B - Extra-high voltage direct current transmission line area internal and external fault identification method based on Bergeron line model - Google Patents

Extra-high voltage direct current transmission line area internal and external fault identification method based on Bergeron line model Download PDF

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CN110568308B
CN110568308B CN201910654426.1A CN201910654426A CN110568308B CN 110568308 B CN110568308 B CN 110568308B CN 201910654426 A CN201910654426 A CN 201910654426A CN 110568308 B CN110568308 B CN 110568308B
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CN110568308A (en
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束洪春
龙立阿
田鑫萃
王璇
袁小兵
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Kunming University of Science and Technology
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/08—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks
    • G01R31/081—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks according to type of conductors
    • G01R31/085—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks according to type of conductors in power transmission or distribution lines, e.g. overhead
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/08—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks
    • G01R31/088—Aspects of digital computing
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S10/00—Systems supporting electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y04S10/50—Systems or methods supporting the power network operation or management, involving a certain degree of interaction with the load-side end user applications
    • Y04S10/52—Outage or fault management, e.g. fault detection or location

Abstract

The invention relates to an ultra-high voltage direct current transmission line area internal and external fault identification method based on a Bergeron line model, and belongs to the technical field of relay protection of transmission lines. Firstly, reading voltage and current data measured by high-speed acquisition devices positioned at the M end and the N end of a power transmission line; secondly, calculating N-terminal current from M-terminal voltage and current based on a Bergeron line model; calculating the difference value of current integral values by using the calculated N-terminal current and the actually measured N-terminal current in a half-linear time window after the fault, if the difference value is less than or equal to a set threshold value, determining the current integral value as an out-of-area fault, and if the difference value is greater than the threshold value, initially determining the current integral value as an in-area fault; further determination is made as to whether there is an in-zone fault using the calculated values at the midpoint of the line and at line length 3/4. The invention avoids the adverse effect caused by the distributed capacitance current and is suitable for the ultra-high voltage direct current transmission line. The simulation verification result shows that the method is correct and effective.

Description

Extra-high voltage direct current transmission line area internal and external fault identification method based on Bergeron line model
Technical Field
The invention relates to an ultra-high voltage direct current transmission line area internal and external fault identification method based on a Bergeron line model, and belongs to the technical field of relay protection of transmission lines.
Background
The distribution of electric energy and load centers in China is extremely uneven, and the phenomenon that energy resources are mainly concentrated in western regions is shown, and most of the electric load centers are located in eastern economically developed regions. Compared with alternating current transmission, direct current transmission is not restricted by the problem of synchronous operation stability, stable operation of alternating current power grids at two ends can be guaranteed, the method is suitable for long-distance high-power transmission, and the method can be connected with two systems with different frequencies to realize asynchronous networking. Protection and fault location of a direct current transmission line are important components of a direct current transmission project.
According to the fact that the proportion of the faults of the transmission line in the direct-current transmission system exceeds 50%, the faults of the direct-current transmission line directly threaten the safety of the direct-current transmission system and simultaneously affect the reliable operation of an alternating-current power grid connected with the direct-current transmission line. The quick response, reliable and sensitive direct current line protection is an important guarantee for the safe operation of the ultra-high voltage direct current transmission and even the power system. The invention provides a Bergeron line model-based method for identifying faults inside and outside an ultra-high voltage direct current transmission line area, which provides a basis for rapid and selective actions of transmission line protection.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a method for identifying faults inside and outside an extra-high voltage direct current transmission line area based on a Bergeron line model, which is used for solving the problems.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a method for identifying faults inside and outside an extra-high voltage direct current transmission line area based on a Bergeron line model comprises the steps of firstly, reading voltage and current data measured by high-speed acquisition devices positioned at an M end and an N end of the transmission line; secondly, calculating N-terminal current from M-terminal voltage and current based on a Bergeron line model; calculating the difference value of current integral values by using the calculated N-terminal current and the actually measured N-terminal current in a fault initial instant short time window, and if the difference value is less than or equal to a set threshold value, determining that the fault is an out-of-area fault, and if the difference value is greater than the threshold value, determining that the fault is an in-area fault; further determination is made as to whether there is an in-zone fault using the calculated values at the midpoint of the line and at line length 3/4.
The method comprises the following specific steps:
step 1: reading current and voltage traveling wave data of an M end and an N end of the direct current transmission line in fault;
step 2: based on a Bergeron line model, calculating the current of the N end according to the data obtained by the M end in the formula (1);
Figure GDA0002260229090000011
Figure GDA0002260229090000021
the data of M ends can be respectively obtained through the formulas (1) and (2)And calculating current distribution along the line by using the N-end data, wherein: i isM f,s(x, t) and IN f,s(x, t) represents the current value at t moment at x position from M end calculated by M end data and N end data, x represents the distance from M end, t represents any moment, Zc,sRepresenting the wave impedance, r, of the transmission linesRepresenting the line resistance per unit length, vsRepresenting the wave speed of the traveling wave, and l representing the total length of the transmission line;
Figure GDA0002260229090000022
and
Figure GDA0002260229090000023
to represent
Figure GDA0002260229090000024
Voltage and current detected at the end M at the moment;
uM,s(t) and iM,s(t) respectively representing the voltage and the current detected by the M terminal at the t moment;
Figure GDA0002260229090000025
and
Figure GDA0002260229090000026
to represent
Figure GDA0002260229090000027
Voltage and current detected at the end M at the moment;
Figure GDA0002260229090000028
and
Figure GDA0002260229090000029
to represent
Figure GDA00022602290900000210
Voltage and current detected at the N end at the moment;
uN,s(t) and iN,s(t) respectively representing the voltage and the current detected by the N end at the time t;
Figure GDA00022602290900000211
and
Figure GDA00022602290900000212
to represent
Figure GDA00022602290900000213
Voltage and current detected at the N end at the moment;
step 3: integrating and subtracting the N-terminal current calculated in Step2 and the actual current detected by the N terminal within a half time window after the fault is selected, and judging as an out-of-area fault if the difference is smaller than a setting value; if the difference value is larger than or equal to the setting value, primarily judging to be an intra-area fault, and turning to the fourth step for further judgment, wherein the criterion is as follows:
if it is
Figure GDA00022602290900000214
An out-of-range fault is detected; (3)
if it is
Figure GDA00022602290900000215
The fault is judged as an internal fault for the first time; (4)
step 4: based on a Bergeron line model, calculating the current at the midpoint of the line by using the data obtained by the M end and the current at the midpoint of the line by using the data obtained by the N end, integrating and subtracting the current in a half-length time window after the fault, and judging the fault in the area if the difference is smaller than a setting value; if the difference value is greater than or equal to the setting value, the fault is judged to be a long-distance high-resistance fault, the fifth step is carried out for further judgment, the current at the midpoint of the fault moment is calculated by the formulas (1) and (2), and the criterion is as follows:
if it is
Figure GDA0002260229090000031
Determining the fault is an intra-area fault; (5)
if it is
Figure GDA0002260229090000032
Further determination is needed; (6)
step 5: based on a Bergeron line model, the current at the line length 3/4 is calculated by data obtained from the M end and the current at the line length 1/4 is calculated by data obtained from the N end, the current is integrated and subtracted in a half-line length time window after the fault, and if the difference is smaller than a setting value, the fault is judged to be an in-zone fault; if the difference is greater than or equal to the setting value, the judgment is invalid, the current at the position of the line far away from the M end 3/4 at the fault moment is calculated by the formulas (1) and (2), and the criterion is as follows:
if it is
Figure GDA0002260229090000033
Determining the fault is an intra-area fault; (7)
if it is
Figure GDA0002260229090000034
Judging to be invalid; (8)
in the above formulae (3) to (8), t0At the time of occurrence of the fault, Δ t is a time integration window, IM,l,s(t) is the N-terminal current deduced from M, IN(t) is the current detected at the N terminal,. DELTA.I1setTo a setting value, Δ I1set＝2；IM,l/2,s(t) is the current at the midpoint of the line, I, as deduced from MN,l/2,s(t) current at midpoint of line, Δ I, deduced for N2setTo a setting value, Δ I2set＝0.4，IM,3l/4,s(t) is the current at line length 3/4 as deduced from M, IN,l/4,s(t) Current at line Length 1/4, Δ I, inferred for N3setTo a setting value, Δ I3set＝10。
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the method for judging the faults inside and outside the area is based on a Bergeron power transmission line model along-line current distribution calculation formula and a kirchhoff current law, and the principle is simple.
(2) The current of the reference point is calculated to two sides of the reference point, and adverse effects caused by distributed current are avoided.
(3) The N end, l/2 position and 3l/4 position of the line are selected as reference points, integral difference values of Bergeron currents at two ends of the 3 reference points and a transverse axis are respectively calculated, the fault is judged to be located inside or outside the line, and the problem that the calculated value is influenced by the unique reference point is solved through the selection of the reference points.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of a simulation model of an extra-high voltage DC power transmission system according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph of the estimated current value from the M terminal to the N terminal and the measured current value from the N terminal under the condition of f1 fault according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of the estimated current values when the M terminal and the N terminal are estimated to the midpoint of the line under the f1 fault condition;
FIG. 4 is a graph of the estimated current value from the M terminal to the N terminal and the measured current value from the N terminal under the condition of f2 fault according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a diagram of the estimated current values when the M terminal and the N terminal are estimated to the midpoint of the line under the f2 fault condition according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a graph of the estimated current values when the M terminal is estimated to 3l/4 and the N terminal is estimated to 3l/4 under the condition of f2 fault according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a graph of the estimated current value from the M terminal to the N terminal and the measured current value from the N terminal under the condition of f3 fault according to the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a graph of the integrated difference when the M terminal and the N terminal estimate to the midpoint of the line under the f3 fault condition of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a graph of the estimated current value from the M terminal to the N terminal and the measured current value from the N terminal under the condition of the f4 fault according to the present invention;
fig. 10 is a diagram showing estimated current values when M terminal and N terminal are estimated to the midpoint of the line in the case of a failure of f4 according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following drawings and detailed description.
The invention uses PSCAD/EMTDC simulation software to perform simulation verification on a high-voltage direct-current power transmission line model, the simulation model is a true bipolar two-end LCC direct-current power transmission system, the line length from an M end to an N end is 3300km, the voltage grade is +/-1100 kV, and the simulation model is in a topological structure as shown in the figure1, the sampling frequency in simulation is 50kHz, and the time (xl/2 v) required for half the line length to propagate in a traveling waves) As a time window, 5.56ms after the failure is taken as a data processing time window, and the failure occurs at 0.8 s. Wave impedance Z of power transmission linec,s390.1416 omega, resistance rs0.04633 Ω/km, wave velocity vs＝2.9657×105km/s。
The specific implementation is as follows:
example 1: in the model of the hvdc transmission system shown in fig. 1, the M terminal and the N terminal are measurement terminals. A unipolar ground fault f1 occurs in the MN section, the fault being distant from end M1908 km, with a transition resistance of 20 Ω.
(1) According to step1 in the specification, the current and the voltage i in the time window of 5.6ms after the fault are acquired by the measuring end M and the measuring end N respectivelyM,s(t)、iN,s(t)、IM(t)、IN(t)。
(2) According to step2, the M end is taken as a reference end, the data obtained by the M end is substituted into formula (1), and the current I of the N end meeting the Bergeron model is calculatedM,s,l(t)。
(3) According to step3, the current I to N end obtained from step1N(t) and step2 calculate N-terminal current IM,s,l(t) integrating over a half-line long time window and calculating the difference of the integrals, i.e.
Figure GDA0002260229090000041
The value was obtained as 2.7962. And the protective criterion delta I1setFor comparison, 2.7962 > Δ I1setWhen the MN section is determined to be defective, the MN section is determined to be defective.
(4) According to step4, the fault position is further determined, and the current at the point l/2 of the line is calculated by the formula (1) and the formula (2) according to the original data of the M end and the N end, namely iM,s(t)、iN,s(t)、IM(t)、IN(t) substituting the formula (1) and the formula (2), and respectively deducing the current at the midpoint of the line as I from M-end data and N-end dataM,l/2,s(t) and IN,l/2,s(t) of (d). Calculating integral difference value in half-line long time window and comparing with protection criterion delta I2setMake a comparison, i.e.
Figure GDA0002260229090000042
The integral difference value is 0.3552, and the integral difference value is compared with the protection criterion delta I2setBy comparison, 0.3552 < Δ I2setLess than the threshold, 0.4, the failure is known to be in the MN sector.
Example 2: in the model of the hvdc transmission system shown in fig. 1, the M terminal and the N terminal are measurement terminals. A unipolar ground fault f2 occurs in the MN section, the fault is 3279km away from the M end, and the transition resistance is 50 omega.
(1) According to step1 in the specification, the current and the voltage i in the time window of 5.6ms after the fault are acquired by the measuring end M and the measuring end N respectivelyM,s(t)、iN,s(t)、IM(t)、IN(t)。
(2) According to step2, the M end is taken as a reference end, the data obtained by the M end is substituted into formula (1), and the current I of the N end meeting the Bergeron model is calculatedM,s,l(t)。
(3) According to step3, the current I to N end obtained from step1N(t) and step2 calculate N-terminal current IM,s,l(t) integrating over a half-line long time window and calculating the difference of the integrals, i.e.
Figure GDA0002260229090000051
The value was obtained as 2.2701. And the protective criterion delta I1setFor comparison, 2.2701 > Δ I1setWhen the MN section is determined to be defective, the MN section is determined to be defective.
(4) According to step4, the fault position is further determined, and the current at the point l/2 of the line is calculated by the formula (1) and the formula (2) according to the original data of the M end and the N end, namely iM,s(t)、iN,s(t)、IM(t)、IN(t) substituting the formula (1) and the formula (2), and respectively deducing the current at the midpoint of the line as I from M-end data and N-end dataM,l/2,s(t) and IN,l/2,s(t) of (d). Calculating integral difference value in half-line long time window and comparing with protection criterion delta I2setMake a comparison, i.e.
Figure GDA0002260229090000052
The integral difference value is 7.5492, and the integral difference value is compared with the protection criterion delta I2setFor comparison, 7.5492 & gt Δ I2setIf the difference is greater than the threshold value and is possibly a long-distance high-resistance fault, the step five needs to be carried out for further judgment.
(5) According to step5, the current at the position of 3l/4 of the line length is calculated by the data obtained by the M end and the current at the position of 1l/4 of the line length is calculated by the data obtained by the N end, and the two currents are integrated and subtracted in the half-half time window after the fault, namely the current is subtracted
Figure GDA0002260229090000053
The integral difference value is 9.4233, and the integral difference value is compared with the protection criterion delta I3setWhen compared, 9.4233 < delta I3setIf the difference is less than the threshold, the MN segment may be determined to be faulty.
Example 3: in the model of the hvdc transmission system shown in fig. 1, the M terminal and the N terminal are measurement terminals. An a-phase ground short-circuit fault f3 occurs on the rectification side.
(1) According to step1 in the specification, the current and the voltage i in the time window of 5.6ms after the fault are acquired by the measuring end M and the measuring end N respectivelyM,s(t)、iN,s(t)、IM(t)、IN(t)。
(2) According to step2, the M end is taken as a reference end, the data obtained by the M end is substituted into formula (1), and the current I of the N end meeting the Bergeron model is calculatedM,s,l(t)。
(3) According to step3, the current I to N end obtained from step1N(t) and step2 calculate N-terminal current IM,s,l(t) integrating over a half-line long time window and calculating the difference of the integrals, i.e.
Figure GDA0002260229090000054
The value was obtained as 1.4787. And the protective criterion delta I1setBy comparison, 1.4787 < Δ I1setWhen the MN sector is not the MN sector, the MN sector is determined to be out of service.
(4) According to step4, the fault position is further determined, and the current at the point l/2 of the line is calculated by the formula (1) and the formula (2) according to the original data of the M end and the N end, namely iM,s(t)、iN,s(t)、IM(t)、IN(t) substituting the formula (1) and the formula (2) with M end data and N end data respectivelyThe current at the midpoint of the line is deduced to be IM,l/2,s(t) and IN,l/2,s(t) of (d). Calculating integral difference value in half-line long time window and comparing with protection criterion delta I2setMake a comparison, i.e.
Figure GDA0002260229090000061
The integral difference value is 0.4946, and the integral difference value is compared with the protection criterion delta I2setFor comparison, 0.4946 & gt Δ I2setThe difference is greater than the threshold value, 0.4. Both determinations are MN out-of-segment failures.
Example 4: in the model of the hvdc transmission system shown in fig. 1, the M terminal and the N terminal are measurement terminals. An AB two-phase short-circuit ground fault f4 occurs on the inverting side.
(1) According to step1 in the specification, the current and the voltage i in the time window of 5.6ms after the fault are acquired by the measuring end M and the measuring end N respectivelyM,s(t)、iN,s(t)、IM(t)、IN(t)。
(2) According to step2, the M end is taken as a reference end, the data obtained by the M end is substituted into formula (1), and the current I of the N end meeting the Bergeron model is calculatedM,s,l(t)。
(3) According to step3, the current I to N end obtained from step1N(t) and step2 calculate N-terminal current IM,s,l(t) integrating over a half-line long time window and calculating the difference of the integrals, i.e.
Figure GDA0002260229090000062
The value was obtained as 0.3770. And the protective criterion delta I1setBy comparison, 0.3770 < Δ I1setWhen the MN sector is not the MN sector, the MN sector is determined to be out of service.
(4) According to step4, the fault position is further determined, and the current at the point l/2 of the line is calculated by the formula (1) and the formula (2) according to the original data of the M end and the N end, namely iM,s(t)、iN,s(t)、IM(t)、IN(t) substituting the formula (1) and the formula (2), and respectively deducing the current at the midpoint of the line as I from M-end data and N-end dataM,l/2,s(t) and IN,l/2,s(t) of (d). Calculating integral difference value in half-line long time window and comparing with protection criterion delta I2setMake a comparison, i.e.
Figure GDA0002260229090000063
The integral difference value is 1.7079, and the integral difference value is compared with the protection criterion delta I2setFor comparison, 1.7079 & gt Δ I2setThe difference is greater than the threshold value, 0.4. Both determinations are MN out-of-segment failures.
While the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the embodiments shown in the drawings, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments, and various changes can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.

Claims (1)

1. A method for identifying faults inside and outside an extra-high voltage direct current transmission line area based on a Bergeron line model is characterized by comprising the following steps: firstly, reading voltage and current data measured by high-speed acquisition devices positioned at the M end and the N end of a power transmission line; secondly, calculating N-terminal current from M-terminal voltage and current based on a Bergeron line model; calculating the difference value of the current integral value by using the calculated N-terminal current and the actually measured N-terminal current in a half-line long window after the fault, if the difference value is smaller than a setting value, determining the fault as an out-of-area fault, and if the difference value is larger than or equal to the setting value, initially determining the fault as an in-area fault; then, the calculated values at the line midpoint and the line length 3/4 are used for further judging whether the fault is an in-zone fault;
the method comprises the following specific steps:
step 1: reading current and voltage traveling wave data of an M end and an N end of the direct current transmission line in fault;
step 2: based on a Bergeron line model, calculating the current of the N end according to the data obtained by the M end in the formula (1);
Figure FDA0003030802690000011
Figure FDA0003030802690000012
the current distribution along the line can be calculated by M-end data and N-end data respectively through formulas (1) and (2), wherein: i isMf,s(x, t) and INf,s(x, t) represents the current value at t moment at x position from M end calculated by M end data and N end data, x represents the distance from M end, t represents any moment, Zc,sRepresenting the wave impedance, r, of the transmission linesRepresenting the line resistance per unit length, vsRepresenting the wave speed of the traveling wave, and l representing the total length of the transmission line;
Figure FDA0003030802690000013
and
Figure FDA0003030802690000014
to represent
Figure FDA0003030802690000015
Voltage and current detected at the end M at the moment;
uM,s(t) and iM,s(t) respectively representing the voltage and the current detected by the M terminal at the t moment;
Figure FDA0003030802690000021
and
Figure FDA0003030802690000022
to represent
Figure FDA0003030802690000023
Voltage and current detected at the end M at the moment;
Figure FDA0003030802690000024
and
Figure FDA0003030802690000025
to represent
Figure FDA0003030802690000026
Voltage and current detected at the N end at the moment;
uN,s(t) and iN,s(t) respectively representing the voltage and the current detected by the N end at the time t;
Figure FDA0003030802690000027
and
Figure FDA0003030802690000028
to represent
Figure FDA0003030802690000029
Voltage and current detected at the N end at the moment;
step 3: integrating and subtracting the N-terminal current calculated in Step2 and the actual current detected by the N terminal within a half time window after the fault is selected, and judging as an out-of-area fault if the difference is smaller than a setting value; if the difference is larger than or equal to the setting value, primarily judging to be an intra-area fault, and turning to the fourth step for further judgment, wherein the criterion is as follows:
if it is
Figure FDA00030308026900000210
If it is
Figure FDA00030308026900000211
Step 4: based on a Bergeron line model, calculating the current at the midpoint of the line by using the data obtained by the M end and the current at the midpoint of the line by using the data obtained by the N end, integrating and subtracting the current in a half-length time window after the fault, and judging the fault in the area if the difference is smaller than a setting value; if the difference value is greater than or equal to the setting value, the fault is judged to be a long-distance high-resistance fault, the fifth step is carried out for further judgment, the current at the midpoint of the fault moment is calculated by the formulas (1) and (2), and the criterion is as follows:
if it is
Figure FDA00030308026900000212
If it is
Figure FDA00030308026900000213
Step 5: based on a Bergeron line model, the current at the line length 3/4 is calculated by data obtained from the M end and the current at the line length 1/4 is calculated by data obtained from the N end, the current is integrated and subtracted in a half-line length time window after the fault, and if the difference is smaller than a setting value, the fault is judged to be an in-zone fault; if the difference is greater than or equal to the setting value, the judgment is invalid, the current at the position of the line far away from the M end 3/4 at the fault moment is calculated by the formulas (1) and (2), and the criterion is as follows:
if it is
Figure FDA00030308026900000214
If it is
Figure FDA00030308026900000215
In the above formulae (3) to (8), t0At the time of occurrence of the fault, Δ t is a time integration window, IM,l,s(t) is the N-terminal current deduced from M, IN(t) is the current detected at the N terminal,. DELTA.I1setTo a setting value, Δ I1set＝2；IM,l/2,s(t) is the current at the midpoint of the line, I, as deduced from MN,l/2,s(t) current at midpoint of line, Δ I, deduced for N2setTo a setting value, Δ I2set＝0.4，IM,3l/4,s(t) is the current at line length 3/4 as deduced from M, IN,l/4,s(t) Current at line Length 1/4, Δ I, inferred for N3setTo a setting value, Δ I3set＝10。
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