CN107482598A - Suitable for the traveling-wave protection method of LCC HVDC inverter sides alternating current circuit - Google Patents
Suitable for the traveling-wave protection method of LCC HVDC inverter sides alternating current circuit Download PDFInfo
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- CN107482598A CN107482598A CN201710719135.7A CN201710719135A CN107482598A CN 107482598 A CN107482598 A CN 107482598A CN 201710719135 A CN201710719135 A CN 201710719135A CN 107482598 A CN107482598 A CN 107482598A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
- H02H7/26—Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured
- H02H7/265—Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured making use of travelling wave theory
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H1/00—Details of emergency protective circuit arrangements
- H02H1/0007—Details of emergency protective circuit arrangements concerning the detecting means
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
- H02H7/26—Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured
- H02H7/28—Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured for meshed systems
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of traveling-wave protection method suitable for LCC HVDC inverter sides alternating current circuit, according to three-phase current traveling wave sampled value, starting protection；Nearly Inverter Station side and remote Inverter Station side protection location intercept T respectively1And T2Length data window；Phase-model transformation is carried out to the three-phase current traveling wave sampled value in data window, obtains 1,2,3,0 mould current traveling wave；Integral operation is carried out to 1 mould at nearly Inverter Station side and remote Inverter Station side protection location and 2 mould current traveling waves respectively, and intercourses current traveling wave integrated value；According to obtained current traveling wave integrated value, failure judgement section；Combination failure section, the amplitude size of 1,2,3, the 0 initial wave head of mould current traveling wave is identified, to determine failure phase.Reliability of the present invention is high, quick action, has important meaning to improving alternating current-direct current combined hybrid system safety and stability level.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a traveling wave protection method suitable for an LCC-HVDC inversion side alternating current line.
Background
With the continuous expansion of the scale of the power system, a large-capacity alternating current-direct current hybrid system is largely constructed, and the large-capacity alternating current-direct current hybrid system is long in power transmission distance, large in power transmission capacity and high in power transmission efficiency. However, due to the special structure and control strategy of the current source type high voltage direct current transmission (LCC-HVDC) inverter station, the normal operation of the current source type high voltage direct current transmission (LCC-HVDC) inverter station is easily affected by the fault of the alternating current line on the inverter side, and if the fault cannot be removed rapidly, the problem of phase change failure is easily caused, and even direct current blocking is caused. The traveling wave protection has high action speed and strong transition resistance tolerance capability, and can reflect various fault types. If the traveling wave protection is configured as the main protection of the AC line at the inverter side, the normal operation of a DC system can be ensured.
However, a large-capacity reactive power compensation device and a filter are arranged on an alternating current bus of the inverter station in parallel, and the high-capacity reactive power compensation device and the filter are approximate to a direct grounding point for a high-frequency traveling wave signal (> 1 kHz). Therefore, the voltage traveling wave signal is difficult to detect at the installation position of the protection device at one side of the AC line close to the inverter station, and the refraction and reflection of the current traveling wave signal are different from those of a pure AC system. The voltage and current traveling waves at the installation position of the protection device on one side, far away from the inverter station, of the alternating current line can be normally detected, and the catadioptric characteristics of the protection device are the same as those of a pure alternating current system. Therefore, the traditional protection methods which need to use the voltage and current traveling waves at two ends of the line, such as an amplitude comparison type traveling wave protection method, a polarity comparison type traveling wave protection method, a traveling wave differential protection method and the like, are not applicable to the inversion side alternating current line any more. Although the current polarity comparison type traveling wave protection method can still be applied, the protection reliability is poor only by utilizing the polarity information of the initial current wave head.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a traveling wave protection method suitable for an LCC-HVDC inversion side alternating current line in order to solve the problem that the traditional traveling wave protection method is not suitable any more or has poor reliability.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a traveling wave protection method suitable for an alternating current line on an LCC-HVDC inversion side comprises the following steps:
(1) Detecting whether a protection starting criterion is met or not according to a three-phase current traveling wave sampling value, and starting protection when a protection starting condition is met;
(2) After the protection is started, the protection units at the near inverter station side and the far inverter station side respectively intercept T 1 And T 2 A length data window;
(3) Carrying out phase-mode conversion on three-phase current traveling wave sampling values in a data window to obtain 1-mode, 2-mode, 3-mode and 0-mode current traveling waves, carrying out integral operation on 1-mode and 2-mode current traveling waves at protection units at the near inverter station side and the far inverter station side, and exchanging current traveling wave integral values;
(4) And judging a fault section according to the obtained current traveling wave integral value. And identifying the amplitude of the initial wave head of the 1, 2, 3 and 0 mode current wave by combining the fault interval so as to determine the fault phase.
In the step (1), the protection starting criterion is as follows:
n is the number of sampling points, I (t) is the sampling value of the current at the time t after high-pass filtering, I thr And Δ I thr Respectively, threshold values. Wherein, the protection can be started when one of the criterion 1 or the criterion 2 is satisfied.
In the step (2), after the protection is started, the protection units at the near inverter station side and the far inverter station side respectively intercept T 1 And T 2 Length data window, T 1 ≥1ms，T 2 And more than or equal to 0.2ms, wherein the data window contains a part of data before the protection starting moment so as to ensure that the data of the initial current traveling wave head is covered.
In the step (3), the phase-mode transformation algorithm is as follows:
wherein i a 、i b 、i c Travelling wave of phase currents a, b and c, i 1 、i 2 、i 3 、i 0 1, 2, 3 and 0 mode current traveling waves respectively.
In the step (3), the current traveling wave integral algorithm at the position close to the inversion side protection unit is as follows:
wherein i L1 And i L2 1-mode and 2-mode current traveling waves, t, respectively 1 And T 1 Respectively the starting time of the data window and the length of the data window, m is an integer more than or equal to 2, sgn (x) is a sign-taking function, I L1,int And I L2,int The mode 1 and mode 2 current wave integrals, respectively.
In the step (3), the current traveling wave integral algorithm at the far inversion side protection unit is as follows:
wherein i R1 And i R2 1-mode and 2-mode current traveling waves, t, respectively 2 And T 2 Respectively the start time of the data window and the length of the data window, m is an integer more than or equal to 2, sgn (x) is a sign-taking function, I R1,int And I R2,int The mode 1 and mode 2 current wave integrals, respectively.
In the step (3), the two end protection units communicate via the channel, and the channel proposes an optical cable with strong anti-interference performance and high transmission speed. The two-end protection unit sends the current wave integral values of the mode 1 and the mode 2 of the local terminal to the opposite-end protection unit through the channel and receives the current wave integral values of the mode 1 and the mode 2 of the opposite terminal.
In the step (4), after the receiving end protection unit receives the current traveling wave integral value of the other end protection unit, the following criteria are adopted:
in which I LR,thr The threshold value is usually 0.02 or more. If the criterion 1 or the criterion 2 is not established, judging the fault as an external fault, and locking for protection; if one of the criteria 1 or 2 can be established, judging as an intra-area fault, and judging a fault phase.
In the step (4), when the fault is judged to be an internal fault, the amplitude of the initial wave head of the 1, 2, 3 and 0 mode electric epidemic wave is identified: if only one modulus amplitude is equal to 0 and the modulus is not 0 mode, the fault is a single-phase earth fault; if the amplitude of one non-0 modulus is twice as large as the amplitudes of the other two non-0 moduli, and the amplitude of the 0 modulus is 0, the phase-to-phase fault is not grounded; if one non-0 modulus is obviously larger than the other two non-0 moduli, and the amplitude of the 0 modulus is larger than 0, the two-phase grounding short circuit is judged; if the amplitudes of the mode 1, mode 2 and mode 3 currents are all larger than 0, and the amplitude of the mode 0 is 0, the three-phase short circuit is judged.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) According to the invention, the fault inside and outside the area can be judged only by utilizing current traveling wave signals at two ends, so that the method is well suitable for LCC-HVDC inversion side alternating current lines, and the problem that the traveling wave protection principle of utilizing the current traveling wave signals at two ends is difficult to apply in the prior art is effectively solved;
(2) The traditional current polarity comparison type traveling wave protection method only utilizes the polarity of the initial current traveling wave head, and is still applicable, but the reliability is low. The invention utilizes the integral of the current traveling wave signal in a section of data window, thus having higher reliability;
(3) As a traveling wave protection method, the invention can tolerate different transition resistances, different fault types and different fault initial angles;
(4) In the protection method provided by the invention, the protection units at two ends do not need to transmit a large amount of sampling data, only a current traveling wave integral result needs to be transmitted, the data transmission pressure of a communication channel is low, and the protection method is easy to realize;
(5) The protection principle provided by the invention has high action speed, and the stability of the alternating current-direct current hybrid power grid can be improved to a certain extent;
(6) The fault phase selection method based on each modulus of the current traveling wave can realize selective tripping.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, and are included to illustrate an exemplary embodiment of the invention and not to limit the invention.
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of a traveling wave protection method of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an embodiment of an AC/DC hybrid network;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the invention in which a large-capacity filter and a reactive power compensation device are arranged on an AC bus of an inverter station;
fig. 4 (a) and 4 (b) are modulus waveforms of traveling-wave current of protection units at two ends in an exemplary area during a fault in the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 (a) and 5 (b) are modulus waveforms of traveling wave of current of protection units at two ends in an exemplary out-of-area fault in the embodiment of the present invention;
the specific implementation mode is as follows:
the invention is further described with reference to the following figures and examples.
It is to be understood that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the invention as claimed. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of exemplary embodiments according to the invention. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
As introduced in the background art, the prior art has the defects that the traditional traveling wave protection method is no longer applicable or has poor reliability, and in order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a pilot protection method based on current traveling wave integral. The invention fully considers the special traveling wave catadioptric characteristic of the inversion side AC line and has better applicability; the invention utilizes the integral of the current traveling wave signal in a period of time, and the protection reliability is high; the invention also provides a fault phase selection method based on the wave head amplitude of the initial current traveling wave.
Fig. 2 is a structure diagram of a typical ac/dc hybrid power grid, which includes a ± 800kV LCC-HVDC system and an inversion side 500kV ac system. Fig. 3 shows a large-capacity filter and a reactive power compensation device which are arranged on an alternating current bus of the LCC-HVDC inversion side. The specific steps of this embodiment are shown in fig. 1:
(1) And (6) starting protection.
To ensure the effective collection of the traveling wave signal, the sampling frequency is set to 1MHz. Detecting whether a protection starting criterion is met or not according to a three-phase current traveling wave sampling value:
n is the number of sampling points, and the value is set to be 5; i (t) is a current sampling value at the time t after high-pass filtering, I thr And Δ I thr Threshold values are respectively set to 0.5kA. Wherein, one of the criterion 1 or the criterion 2 can be satisfied.
(2) And intercepting the data window.
After the protection is started, the R1 and R2 protection units respectively intercept T 1 And T 2 Length data window, and T 1 ＝1ms，T 2 =0.2ms. The R1 protection unit data window should contain data with a length of 0.2ms before the local protection start time, and the R2 protection unit data window should contain data with a length of 0.05ms before the local protection start time.
(3) And (4) performing phase-mode conversion.
The phase-mode transformation algorithm is as follows:
wherein i a 、i b 、i c Travelling wave of phase currents a, b and c, i 1 、i 2 、i 3 、i 0 1, 2, 3 and 0 mode current traveling waves respectively.
Fig. 4 shows traveling wave moduli of currents of the R1 and R2 protection units when a fault occurs at F in the area, and fig. 5 shows traveling wave moduli of currents of the R1 and R2 protection units when a fault occurs at F1 outside the area.
(4) The 1-mode and 2-mode current wave integrals are calculated.
The current traveling wave integral algorithm at the R1 protection unit is as follows:
wherein i L1 And i L2 1-mode and 2-mode current traveling waves, t, respectively 1 And T 1 Respectively the start time of the data window and the length of the data window, the value of m is 2, sgn (x) is the sign-taking function, I L1,int And I L2,int The mode 1 and mode 2 current wave integrals, respectively.
The current traveling wave integral algorithm at the R2 protection unit is as follows:
wherein i R1 And i R2 Respectively 1 mode and 2 modeTraveling wave of current, t 2 And T 2 Respectively the start time of the data window and the length of the data window, taking the value of m as 2, sgn (x) as the sign-taking function, I R1,int And I R2,int The mode 1 and mode 2 current wave integrals, respectively.
Fig. 4 (a) and 4 (b) show the traveling wave moduli of the currents of the R1 and R2 protection units at the failure of the F in the region, and the current wave integral results of the 1-mode and 2-mode current of the R1 protection unit are 21.2530kA 2 And 22.2123kA 2 The current wave integral results of the 1-mode and 2-mode of the R2 protection unit are respectively 3.1016kA 2 And 2.9687kA 2 。
Fig. 5 (a) and 5 (b) show the traveling wave moduli of the currents of the R1 and R2 protection units at the fault F1 outside the region, and the current wave integral results of the 1-mode and 2-mode current of the R1 protection unit are 5.9604kA 2 And 6.3859kA 2 The integral results of the 1-mode and 2-mode current wave of the R2 protection unit are-2.0595 kA respectively 2 And-2.1838 kA 2 。
(5) The two-terminal protection units exchange current traveling wave integral values.
As pilot protection, the optical cable with strong anti-interference performance and high transmission speed is selected for exchanging information. The R1 protection unit sends the current wave integral values of the 1 mode and the 2 mode of the home terminal to the R2 protection unit through the optical cable, and receives the current wave integral values of the 1 mode and the 2 mode of the R2 protection unit. The R2 protection unit sends the current wave integral values of the 1 mode and the 2 mode of the home terminal to the R1 protection unit through the optical cable, and receives the current wave integral values of the 1 mode and the 2 mode of the R1 protection unit.
(6) And judging a fault section.
After the R1 and R2 protection units receive the current traveling wave integral value of the opposite-end protection unit, the following criteria are adopted:
in which I LR,thr The threshold value is 0.02.
If the criterion 1 or the criterion 2 is not established, judging the fault as an external fault, and locking for protection; if one of the criteria 1 or 2 can be established, the fault in the area is judged, and the next step is carried out.
For the intra-area faults in fig. 4 (a) and fig. 4 (b), both criterion 1 and criterion 2 in formula (10) are true, and the correct protection is determined as the intra-area fault. For the out-of-area faults in fig. 5 (a) and 5 (b), the criterion 1 and the criterion 2 in the formula (10) are not both true, and the protection is correctly judged to be the out-of-area fault.
(7) And judging a fault phase.
When the fault in the area is judged in the step (6), identifying the amplitudes of the initial wave heads of the 1, 2, 3 and 0 mode electric popular waves, as shown in table 1: if only one modulus amplitude is equal to 0 and the modulus is not 0 mode, the single-phase earth fault is detected; if the amplitude of one non-0 modulus is twice that of the other two non-0 moduli, and the amplitude of the 0 modulus is 0, the phase-to-phase fault is not grounded; if the modulus of one non-0 is obviously larger than the moduli of the other two non-0 and the amplitude of the 0 mode is larger than 0, judging that the two phases are grounded and short-circuited; if the amplitudes of the mode 1, mode 2 and mode 3 currents are all larger than 0, and the amplitude of the mode 0 is 0, the three-phase short circuit is judged. And when the fault phase is judged, the phase splitting tripping can be carried out according to the actual condition.
For intra-zone faults in fig. 4 (a), 4 (b): the R1 protection unit detects that the amplitudes of the initial wave heads of the 1 mode, 2 mode, 3 mode and 0 mode electric epidemic waves are 1.3345kA, 1.3410kA, 0kA and 0.6228kA respectively, and the AG fault is identified; the amplitudes of the initial wave heads of the 1-mode, 2-mode, 3-mode and 0-mode electric epidemic waves detected by the R2 protection unit are 0.5454kA, 0.5390kA, 0kA and 0.1350kA respectively, and the AG fault is identified.
TABLE 1 criteria for phase selection for faults
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described with reference to the accompanying drawings, it is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and it should be understood by those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made without inventive efforts by those skilled in the art based on the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A traveling wave protection method suitable for an alternating current line at an LCC-HVDC inversion side is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) Detecting whether a protection starting criterion is met or not according to a three-phase current traveling wave sampling value, and starting protection when a protection starting condition is met;
(2) After the protection is started, the protection units at the near inverter station side and the far inverter station side respectively intercept T 1 And T 2 A length data window;
(3) Carrying out phase-mode conversion on the three-phase current traveling wave sampling values in the data window to obtain 1-mode, 2-mode, 3-mode and 0-mode current traveling waves, carrying out integral operation on the 1-mode and 2-mode current traveling waves at the protection units at the near inverter station side and the far inverter station side, and exchanging current traveling wave integral values with each other;
(4) And judging a fault section according to the obtained current traveling wave integral value, and identifying the amplitude of the initial wave head of the 1-mode, 2-mode, 3-mode and 0-mode current wave by combining the fault section so as to determine a fault phase.
2. The traveling wave protection method suitable for the LCC-HVDC inverter side AC line according to claim 1, characterized by: in the step (1), the protection starting criteria include two:
n is the number of sampling points, i (t) is high-pass filteredCurrent sample value at time t, I thr And Δ I thr Respectively threshold values, wherein one of criterion 1 or criterion 2 can be met, the protection is started.
3. The traveling wave protection method suitable for the LCC-HVDC inverter side AC line according to claim 1, characterized by: in the step (2), after the protection is started, the protection units at the near inverter station side and the far inverter station side respectively intercept T 1 And T 2 Length data window, T 1 ≥1ms，T 2 And more than or equal to 0.2ms, wherein the data window should contain a part of data before the protection starting moment so as to ensure that the data of the initial current traveling wave head is covered.
4. The traveling wave protection method suitable for the LCC-HVDC inverter side AC line according to claim 1, characterized by: in the step (3), the phase-mode transformation algorithm is as follows:
wherein i a 、i b 、i c Travelling wave of phase currents a, b and c, i 1 、i 2 、i 3 、i 0 1, 2, 3 and 0 mode current traveling waves respectively.
5. The traveling wave protection method suitable for the LCC-HVDC inverter side AC line according to claim 1, characterized by: in the step (3), the current traveling wave integral algorithm at the protection unit near the inversion side is as follows:
wherein i L1 And i L2 1-mode and 2-mode current traveling waves, t, respectively 1 And T 1 Respectively the starting time of the data window and the length of the data window, m is an integer more than or equal to 2, sgn (x) is a sign-taking function, I L1,int And I L2,int The mode 1 and mode 2 current wave integrals, respectively.
6. The traveling wave protection method suitable for the LCC-HVDC inverter side AC line according to claim 1, characterized by: in the step (3), the current traveling wave integral algorithm at the far inversion side protection unit is as follows:
wherein i R1 And i R2 1-mode and 2-mode current traveling waves, t, respectively 2 And T 2 Respectively the starting time of the data window and the length of the data window, m is an integer more than or equal to 2, sgn (x) is a sign-taking function, I R1,int And I R2,int The mode 1 and mode 2 current wave integrals, respectively.
7. The traveling wave protection method suitable for the LCC-HVDC inverter side AC line according to claim 1, characterized by: in the step (4), after the receiving end protection unit receives the current traveling wave integral value of the other end protection unit, the following criteria are adopted:
wherein I LR,thr The threshold value is usually 0.02 or more. I is L1,int And I L2,int Current wave integrals of 1 mode and 2 mode near the inversion side, I R1,int And I R2,int The current wave integrals of the 1 mode and the 2 mode of the far inversion side are respectively. If the criterion 1 or the criterion 2 is not established, judging the fault as an external fault, and locking and protecting; if one of the criterion 1 or the criterion 2 can be established, judging that the fault exists in the area, and judging the fault phase.
8. The traveling wave protection method suitable for the LCC-HVDC inverter side AC line according to claim 1, characterized by: in the step (4), for the faults in the area, identifying the amplitudes of the initial wave heads of the 1, 2, 3 and 0 mode current wave: if only one modulus amplitude is equal to 0 and the modulus is not 0 mode, the fault is a single-phase earth fault; if the amplitude of one non-0 modulus is twice as large as the amplitudes of the other two non-0 moduli, and the amplitude of the 0 modulus is 0, the phase-to-phase fault is not grounded; if one non-0 modulus is obviously larger than the other two non-0 moduli, and the amplitude of the 0 modulus is larger than 0, the two-phase grounding short circuit is judged; and if the amplitude values of the current of the 1 mode, the 2 mode and the 3 mode are all larger than 0, and the amplitude value of the 0 mode is 0, judging that the three-phase short circuit is detected.
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110568308A (en) * | 2019-07-19 | 2019-12-13 | 昆明理工大学 | Extra-high voltage direct current transmission line area internal and external fault identification method based on Bergeron line model |
| CN110957710A (en) * | 2019-12-25 | 2020-04-03 | 青岛科技大学 | Traveling wave protection method for hybrid multi-terminal direct current transmission line |
| CN111224386A (en) * | 2020-01-13 | 2020-06-02 | 国网河北省电力有限公司经济技术研究院 | Pilot protection method, pilot protection system and terminal equipment |
| CN114089104A (en) * | 2021-11-12 | 2022-02-25 | 西安交通大学 | Fault direction judging method and system based on line boundary line road side voltage |
| CN117175494A (en) * | 2023-11-03 | 2023-12-05 | 昆明理工大学 | Adaptive reclosing method and system for flexible direct-current power grid |
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| CN104391229A (en) * | 2014-12-04 | 2015-03-04 | 山东大学 | Transmission line fault fast phase selection method based on S conversion |
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Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110568308A (en) * | 2019-07-19 | 2019-12-13 | 昆明理工大学 | Extra-high voltage direct current transmission line area internal and external fault identification method based on Bergeron line model |
| CN110568308B (en) * | 2019-07-19 | 2021-07-13 | 昆明理工大学 | Extra-high voltage direct current transmission line area internal and external fault identification method based on Bergeron line model |
| CN110957710A (en) * | 2019-12-25 | 2020-04-03 | 青岛科技大学 | Traveling wave protection method for hybrid multi-terminal direct current transmission line |
| CN110957710B (en) * | 2019-12-25 | 2021-10-15 | 青岛科技大学 | Traveling wave protection method for hybrid multi-terminal direct current transmission line |
| CN111224386A (en) * | 2020-01-13 | 2020-06-02 | 国网河北省电力有限公司经济技术研究院 | Pilot protection method, pilot protection system and terminal equipment |
| CN111224386B (en) * | 2020-01-13 | 2022-05-17 | 国网河北省电力有限公司经济技术研究院 | Pilot protection method, pilot protection system and terminal equipment |
| CN114089104A (en) * | 2021-11-12 | 2022-02-25 | 西安交通大学 | Fault direction judging method and system based on line boundary line road side voltage |
| CN117175494A (en) * | 2023-11-03 | 2023-12-05 | 昆明理工大学 | Adaptive reclosing method and system for flexible direct-current power grid |
| CN117175494B (en) * | 2023-11-03 | 2024-02-06 | 昆明理工大学 | Adaptive reclosing method and system for flexible direct-current power grid |
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| CN107482598B (en) | 2019-07-16 |
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