CN113135479B - Elevator braking component testing system and method - Google Patents
Elevator braking component testing system and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113135479B CN113135479B CN202110396939.4A CN202110396939A CN113135479B CN 113135479 B CN113135479 B CN 113135479B CN 202110396939 A CN202110396939 A CN 202110396939A CN 113135479 B CN113135479 B CN 113135479B
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- rotating speed
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- elevator
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
- B66B5/00—Applications of checking, fault-correcting, or safety devices in elevators
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
- B66B5/00—Applications of checking, fault-correcting, or safety devices in elevators
- B66B5/02—Applications of checking, fault-correcting, or safety devices in elevators responsive to abnormal operating conditions
- B66B5/04—Applications of checking, fault-correcting, or safety devices in elevators responsive to abnormal operating conditions for detecting excessive speed
- B66B5/048—Testing of overspeed governor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
- B66B5/00—Applications of checking, fault-correcting, or safety devices in elevators
- B66B5/02—Applications of checking, fault-correcting, or safety devices in elevators responsive to abnormal operating conditions
- B66B5/16—Braking or catch devices operating between cars, cages, or skips and fixed guide elements or surfaces in hoistway or well
- B66B5/18—Braking or catch devices operating between cars, cages, or skips and fixed guide elements or surfaces in hoistway or well and applying frictional retarding forces
Abstract
The invention relates to a system and a method for testing an elevator braking component. The elevator braking component testing system comprises a testing support, an electric cabinet, a power device, a flywheel device, a moving seat, a first rotating speed detector and a second rotating speed detector. The movable seat is movably arranged on the test bracket and used for installing safety tongs. The flywheel device is connected with the power device, the power device is electrically connected with the electric cabinet, the power device drives the flywheel device to accelerate under the control of the electric cabinet, and the flywheel device can drive the movable seat to move along the guide rail. The first rotating speed detector is used for detecting the rotating speed of the flywheel device and feeding the rotating speed back to the electric cabinet, and the second rotating speed detector is used for detecting the rotating speed of the speed limiter wheel and feeding the rotating speed back to the electric cabinet. The system can truly simulate the working condition of the actual operation of the elevator safety gear, ensure the accuracy of the test result and protect the driving for the safe operation of the elevator. The system can test the performance of the speed-limiting safety gear on the ground, is favorable for replacing easily damaged parts, improves the efficiency and reduces the labor intensity.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of safety gear testing, in particular to a system and a method for testing an elevator braking component.
Background
The elevator safety gear is an indispensable safety device in an elevator system, and the elevator safety gear device is matched with an elevator speed limiter to be used as a linkage protection device when an elevator exceeds the speed or is out of control. The elevator governor is used as a device for speed reaction and operation of the safety gear, and the elevator safety gear device is a mechanism for forcibly stopping the elevator on the guide rail by mechanical action. When the elevator runs downwards with higher speed and exceeds the mechanical action speed of the elevator speed limiter, the steel wire rope is clamped by the mechanical action of the speed limiter, the steel wire rope lifts the safety gear device to be linked with the connecting lever, so that the elevator safety gear device is forced to act to forcibly stop the elevator car on the guide rail. Therefore, the elevator safety gear device can determine whether the elevator car can be rapidly stopped on the guide rail and avoid casualties and equipment damage accidents.
Because many tests of the elevator safety gear device basically need to be carried out in the elevator shaft, and the resources of elevator shafts of elevator manufacturers and special inspection yards are not enough, the experimental period of the elevator safety gear device is long, meanwhile, the wearing parts of the elevator safety gear device need to be replaced in the experiment, and the labor intensity for replacing troublesome wearing parts in the elevator shaft is very high.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, it is necessary to provide a system and a method for testing an elevator braking component, which can ensure the accuracy of the test result, shorten the detection period and reduce the labor intensity.
An elevator stop-motion component testing system comprising:
the test bracket is provided with a guide rail;
the movable seat is movably arranged on the test bracket and used for installing the guide shoe and the safety gear;
the electric cabinet is fixed on the test bracket;
the power device is connected with the power device, the power device is electrically connected with the electric cabinet, the power device outputs driving force under the control of the electric cabinet so as to drive at least part of the flywheel device to accelerate, and the flywheel device can drive the moving seat to move along the guide rail;
and the first rotating speed detector and the second rotating speed detector are respectively electrically connected with the electric cabinet, the first rotating speed detector is used for detecting the rotating speed of the flywheel device and feeding the rotating speed back to the electric cabinet, and the second rotating speed detector is used for detecting the rotating speed of the speed limiter wheel and feeding the rotating speed back to the electric cabinet.
In one embodiment, the flywheel device comprises a rope storage wheel with a power steel wire rope and a flywheel for simulating a load car, the flywheel is detachably connected with the rope storage wheel, and one end, far away from the rope storage wheel, of the power steel wire rope is fixed on the movable seat.
In one embodiment, the flywheel device further comprises a driving shaft, a driven shaft and a clutch, the flywheel is arranged on the driving shaft, and the rope storage wheel is arranged on the driven shaft; the driving shaft is connected with the power device, and the driving shaft is detachably connected with the driven shaft through the clutch.
In one embodiment, the flywheel device further comprises a reversing wheel, the reversing wheel is arranged between the rope storage wheel and the moving seat, the power steel wire rope bypasses the reversing wheel, one end of the power steel wire rope is fixed to the rope storage wheel, and the other end of the power steel wire rope is fixed to the moving seat.
In one embodiment, the elevator braking component testing system further comprises a tension sensor electrically connected with the electric cabinet, the tension sensor is arranged on the movable seat, and the tension sensor is used for being connected with a pull rod of the speed-limiting safety tongs through a speed-limiting steel wire rope wound on a speed limiter wheel.
In one embodiment, the elevator stopping component testing system further comprises a support frame, a lifting member and at least two connecting pieces, wherein the lifting member is fixed on the moving seat through the support frame, and the lifting member is respectively connected with the pull rods of the two safety tongs through the at least two connecting pieces.
In one embodiment, the power device comprises a third rotation speed detector, a motor and a transmission assembly, the motor is connected to the flywheel device through the transmission assembly, and the third rotation speed detector is arranged on a rotating shaft of the motor and used for detecting the rotation speed of the motor and feeding the rotation speed back to the electric cabinet; the motor is a variable frequency motor, a frequency converter is arranged in the electric cabinet and connected with the variable frequency motor.
In one embodiment, the power device comprises an overrunning clutch, and the power device is connected with the flywheel device through the overrunning clutch.
In one embodiment, the elevator stopping component testing system further comprises a scale which is arranged on the testing support along the extending direction of the guide rail.
In one embodiment, the electric cabinet comprises a box body, a human-computer interface arranged on the box body and a PLC (programmable logic controller), wherein the PLC is electrically connected with the power device, the human-computer interface, the first rotating speed detector and the second rotating speed detector respectively.
The method for testing the elevator braking component provides the elevator braking component testing system, and comprises the following steps:
controlling the power device to output driving force, driving at least part of the flywheel device to accelerate by the power device, and controlling the power device to stop when at least part of the flywheel device accelerates to a preset rotating speed;
the flywheel device drives the movable seat, the safety gear and the speed limiter wheel to move;
when the speed governor detects that the speed exceeds the limit speed, the speed governor rope pressing block acts to enable the safety tongs to clamp the guide rail and decelerate until the safety tongs are locked on the guide rail; in the process that the safety tongs are moved to stop, the instant rotating speed of the flywheel device detected by the first rotating speed detector and the instant linear speed of the speed limiter detected by the second rotating speed detector are received and recorded;
and calculating the running distance of the safety gear and the frictional resistance between the safety gear and the test support after the rope pressing block of the speed limiter acts according to the detection result.
In one embodiment, the step of controlling the power device to output the driving force, the power device driving at least a part of the flywheel device to accelerate, and the step of controlling the power device to stop when at least a part of the flywheel device accelerates to the preset rotation speed further comprises the following steps: and calculating the preset rotating speed of the flywheel device according to the total mass and the load capacity of the car, the stopping distance of the car after the action of the speed governor rope pressing block and the running speed of the car when the speed governor rope pressing block acts.
The elevator stopping component testing system and the elevator stopping component testing method at least have the following advantages:
according to the elevator braking component testing system and method, when testing is needed, the safety gear and the guide shoe matched with the safety gear are sleeved on the guide rail of the testing support, and the safety gear and the guide shoe are fixed on the movable base. Meanwhile, the speed limiter is fixed on the test support, and one end of the speed limiting steel wire rope wound with the speed limiter wheel is connected with the pull rod of the safety tongs. And starting the test system, and inputting the total mass and the load capacity of the car, the stopping distance of the car after the rope pressing block of the speed limiter acts, the running speed of the car when the rope pressing block of the speed limiter acts and the action rotating speed of the flywheel into the electric cabinet according to the test requirements. And starting the test, accelerating the power device according to the flywheel action rotating speed value tested at this time, and detecting the instant rotating speed of the flywheel device in real time by the first rotating speed detector in the accelerating process of the flywheel device. When the instant rotating speed of the flywheel device reaches the preset rotating speed, the power device is stopped, and the flywheel device drives the moving seat, the safety tongs and the speed limiter wheel to start moving. When the speed governor detects that the speed exceeds the limit speed, the speed governor rope pressing block acts to clamp the speed limiting steel wire rope, and the speed limiting steel wire rope pulls the pull rod of the safety gear, so that the safety gear clamps the guide rail and decelerates until the safety gear is locked on the guide rail. In the process that the safety tongs are stopped from moving, the first rotating speed detector and the second rotating speed detector respectively detect the instant rotating speed of the flywheel device and the instant linear speed of the speed limiter wheel in real time, and feed back the detection result to the electric cabinet. The running distance of the safety tongs after the rope pressing block of the speed limiter acts can be obtained through calculation; and according to the law of conservation of energy, the frictional resistance between the safety tongs and the test support can be calculated, so that the performance parameters of the safety tongs are obtained. The test system can truly simulate the working condition of the actual operation of the elevator safety gear, ensure the accuracy of the test result, protect the driving for the safe operation of the elevator and shorten the detection period. In addition, the test system can test the performance of the speed-limiting safety gear on the ground, is favorable for replacing wearing parts in the test system, improves the working efficiency and reduces the labor intensity.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention.
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of an elevator braking component testing system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the power plant of the elevator stopping component testing system shown in fig. 1;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of a flywheel gear of the elevator braking component testing system shown in fig. 1;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of a safety gear of the elevator stopping component testing system shown in fig. 1 mounted on a movable base;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of an elevator stopping member according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a block circuit diagram of an elevator stopping component testing system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numerals: 10. testing the bracket; 11. a guide rail; 12. a scale; 20. an electric cabinet; 21. a human-machine interface; 22. a PLC programmable controller; 23. a frequency converter; 30. a power plant; 31. a motor; 32. a driving wheel; 33. a driven wheel; 34. a transmission belt; 35. an overrunning clutch; 40. a flywheel device; 41. a flywheel; 42. a rope storage wheel; 43. a drive shaft; 44. a driven shaft; 45. an electromagnetic clutch; 46. a bearing seat; 47. a reversing wheel; 48. a power steel wire rope; 50. a movable seat; 51. a pin assembly; 52. a tension sensor; 53. a pull member; 54. a connecting member; 60. a first rotational speed detector; 61. a second rotation speed detector; 62. a third rotation speed detector; 70. safety tongs; 80. a speed limiter; 81. a speed-limiting steel wire rope; 82. a governor wheel; 83. a reversing wheel group; 84. a reverse wheel set; 85. a counterweight wheel set; 90. a guide shoe.
Detailed Description
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below. In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein.
Referring to fig. 1, 2 and 3, an elevator braking component testing system according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a testing frame 10, an electric cabinet 20, a power device 30, a flywheel device 40, a movable base 50, a first rotation speed detector 60 and a second rotation speed detector 61. The test rack 10 is provided with guide rails 11. The movable base 50 is movably installed on the test rack 10, and the movable base 50 is used for installing the safety gear 70 and the guide shoe 90. The electric cabinet 20 is fixed to the test stand 10. The flywheel device 40 is connected with the power device 30, the power device 30 is electrically connected with the electric cabinet 20, the power device 30 outputs driving force under the control of the electric cabinet 20 to drive at least part of the flywheel device 40 to accelerate, and the flywheel device 40 can drive the moving seat 50 to move along the guide rail 11. The first rotation speed detector 60 and the second rotation speed detector 61 are electrically connected to the electric cabinet 20, respectively, the first rotation speed detector 60 is configured to detect a rotation speed of the flywheel device 40 and feed back the rotation speed to the electric cabinet 20, and the second rotation speed detector 61 is configured to detect a rotation speed of the governor wheel 82 and feed back the rotation speed to the electric cabinet 20.
Specifically, referring to fig. 1, 4 and 5, the elevator braking component includes a safety gear 70 and a speed governor 80 having a speed limiting wire rope 81, the speed limiting wire rope 81 is wound around a speed governor wheel 82, and one end of the speed limiting wire rope 81 is connected to a pull rod of the safety gear 70.
In the elevator braking component testing system, when a test is required, the safety gear 70 and the guide shoe 90 matched with the safety gear are sleeved on the guide rail 11 of the testing bracket 10, and the safety gear 70 and the guide shoe 90 are fixed on the movable base 50. Meanwhile, the governor 80 is fixed to the test stand 10, and one end of a speed-limiting wire rope 81 wound with a governor wheel 82 is connected to a pull rod of the safety gear 70. The test system is started, and the total mass and the load capacity of the car, the car stopping distance after the rope pressing block of the speed governor 80 operates, the running speed of the car when the rope pressing block of the speed governor 80 operates, and the operating speed of the flywheel 41 are input into the electric cabinet 20 according to the test requirements. The test is started, the power device 30 is accelerated according to the operation rotating speed value of the flywheel 41 tested at this time, and the first rotating speed detector 60 detects the instant rotating speed of the flywheel device 40 in real time in the accelerating process of the flywheel device 40. When the instant rotating speed of the flywheel device 40 reaches the preset rotating speed, the control power device 30 stops working, and the flywheel device 40 drives the moving seat 50, the safety gear 70 and the speed limiter wheel 82 to start moving. When the speed governor 80 detects that the speed exceeds the limit speed, the speed governor 80 presses the rope block to act to clamp the speed-limiting steel wire rope 81, and the speed-limiting steel wire rope 81 pulls the pull rod of the safety gear 70, so that the safety gear 70 clamps the guide rail 11 and decelerates until the safety gear 70 is locked on the guide rail 11. During the process from the movement to the stop of the safety gear 70, the first rotation speed detector 60 and the second rotation speed detector 61 respectively detect the instant rotation speed of the flywheel device 40 and the instant linear speed of the governor wheel 82 in real time, and feed back the detection results to the electric cabinet 20. The running distance of the safety tongs 70 after the rope pressing block of the speed limiter 80 acts can be obtained through calculation; and, according to the law of conservation of energy, the frictional resistance of the safety gear 70 and the test bracket 10 can be calculated, thereby obtaining the performance parameters of the safety gear 70. The test system can truly simulate the actual operation working condition of the elevator safety gear 70, ensure the accuracy of the test result and protect the elevator from safe operation. In addition, the test system can test the performance of the speed-limiting safety gear 70 on the ground, is beneficial to replacing wearing parts in the test system, improves the working efficiency and reduces the labor intensity.
Alternatively, the first rotation speed detector 60 and the second rotation speed detector 61 are both rotary encoders. Of course, in other embodiments, the first rotation speed detector 60 and the second rotation speed detector 61 may be other components having the same function, and are not limited thereto.
In one embodiment, referring to fig. 1 and 3, the flywheel device 40 includes a rope storage wheel 42 having a power cable 48 and a flywheel 41 for simulating a load car, and the flywheel 41 is detachably connected to the rope storage wheel 42. One end of the power steel wire rope 48 far away from the rope storage wheel 42 is connected with a movable seat 50. Specifically, one end of the power wire rope 48 is fixed to the rope storage sheave 42, and the power wire rope 48 can be wound around the rope storage sheave 42 by the flywheel 41. When the power device 30 drives the flywheel 41 to accelerate, the rope storage wheel 42 is separated from the flywheel 41; after the flywheel 41 is accelerated to a preset rotation speed, the rope storage wheel 42 is engaged with the flywheel 41 and drives the moving seat 50 to move through a power steel wire rope 48. When the power unit 30 drives the flywheel 41 to accelerate, the kinetic energy of the flywheel 41 increases to store the energy. When the flywheel 41 is accelerated to a preset rotating speed, the kinetic energy difference of the flywheel 41 is equal to the sum of the kinetic energy difference and the potential energy difference of the car and the load, the power device 30 stops, the rope storage wheel 42 is connected with the flywheel 41, and the test of the elevator braking component is started. Therefore, the working condition of the actual operation of the elevator safety gear 70 is better simulated, and the accuracy of the test result is ensured.
Further, referring to fig. 3, the flywheel apparatus 40 further includes a driving shaft 43, a driven shaft 44, and a clutch. The driving shaft 43 is connected to the power unit 30, and the driving shaft 43 is detachably connected to the driven shaft 44 through the clutch. The flywheel 41 is provided on the drive shaft 43, and the sheave 42 is provided on the driven shaft 44. Thus, before formal test, under the action of the clutch, the driving shaft 43 is separated from the driven shaft 44, the power device 30 transmits torque to the driving shaft 43 to drive the flywheel 41 to accelerate, so that the kinetic energy of the flywheel 41 is increased; when the flywheel 41 is accelerated to a predetermined rotation speed, the driving shaft 43 is engaged with the driven shaft 44 under the action of the clutch, so as to drive the movable seat 50 to move, and the formal test is started.
Specifically, the flywheel device 40 further includes an expansion coupling sleeve, and the flywheel 41 is fixed to the driving shaft 43 through the expansion coupling sleeve. Thus, the expansion coupling sleeve mainly plays a role of coupling, and realizes the coupling of the flywheel 41 and the driving shaft 43 for transmitting load. Of course, in other embodiments, a single key and a spline can be used to couple the flywheel 41 and the driving shaft 43.
Alternatively, the clutch is an electromagnetic clutch 45, and the armature of the electromagnetic clutch 45 is fixed to the end of the drive shaft 43. A stator coil of the electromagnetic clutch 45 is fixed to the bearing housing 46, and a rotor of the electromagnetic clutch 45 is fixed to the driven shaft 44. When the electromagnetic clutch 45 is energized, the driving shaft 43 is connected to the driven shaft 44. When the electromagnetic clutch 45 is de-energized, the driving shaft 43 is separated from the driven shaft 44. Of course, in other embodiments, the clutch may be other devices having the same function, and is not limited thereto.
Further, referring to fig. 3, the flywheel apparatus 40 further includes at least two bearing blocks 46, the at least two bearing blocks 46 are respectively sleeved on the driving shaft 43 and the driven shaft 44, and the driving shaft 43 and the driven shaft 44 are fixed to the test rack 10 through the bearing blocks 46. Therefore, the stability of the motion of the driving shaft 43 and the driven shaft 44 is ensured, and the accuracy of the test result is improved. Furthermore, the bearing seat 46 is connected with the test support 10 through an adjusting mechanism, and the adjusting mechanism can enable the bearing seat 46 to move left and right along the axial direction of the driving shaft 43 and the driven shaft 44 so as to adjust the distance between the two bearing seats 46, so that the use is more flexible.
In one embodiment, referring to fig. 1 and 3, the flywheel device 40 further includes a reversing wheel 47, and the reversing wheel 47 is disposed between the rope storage wheel 42 and the movable base 50. The power steel wire rope 48 winds around the reversing wheel 47, one end of the power steel wire rope 48 is fixed on the rope storage wheel 42, and the other end of the power steel wire rope 48 is fixed on the movable seat 50. Specifically, the diverter wheel 47 is secured to the test carriage 10 by a bearing block 46. In this way, the direction of movement of the power wire rope 48 can be changed by the change wheel 47, and the power wire rope 48 can be expanded.
Alternatively, referring to fig. 3 and 4, the movable base 50 is provided with a pin assembly 51, and one end of the power cable 48 wound around the rope storage wheel 42 is fixed to the pin assembly 51, so that the power cable 48 is fixed to the movable base 50. Of course, in other embodiments, other structures may be used to fix the power cable 48 and the movable base 50, but not limited thereto.
In one embodiment, referring to fig. 4 and 5, the elevator stopping component testing system further includes a tension sensor 52. The tension sensor 52 is arranged on the moving seat 50, and the tension sensor 52 is used for connecting a pull rod of the speed-limiting safety gear 70 through a speed-limiting steel wire rope 81 wound on a speed limiter wheel 82. The tension sensor 52 is electrically connected with the electric cabinet 20 and used for testing the clamping force of the speed limiter 80 and feeding back the clamping force to the electric cabinet 20. In the test process, the tension sensor 52 can detect the dynamic clamping force of the speed limiter 80, namely the force of pulling the speed-limiting steel wire rope 81 when the speed limiter 80 clamps the speed-limiting steel wire rope 81 by the rope pressing block, and the dynamic clamping force is fed back to the electric control box 20 for displaying. In this way, the system can detect not only the performance of the safety gear 70 but also the performance of the speed governor 80, and the test functions are diversified.
Alternatively, referring to fig. 4, a tension sensor 52 is fixed to the movable base 50, and a pin assembly 51 is fixed to the tension sensor 52. When installed, one end of the speed-limiting wire rope 81 wound around the governor wheel 82 is fixed to the pin assembly 51. Of course, in other embodiments, other structures may be used to fix the speed-limiting cable 81 to the movable base 50.
In one embodiment, referring to fig. 4, the elevator stopping component testing system further comprises a support bracket, a lifting member 53 and at least two connectors 54. The support frame is fixed on the moving seat 50, the lifting member 53 is fixed on the support frame, and the lifting member 53 is connected with the pull rods of the two safety tongs 70 through at least two connecting pieces 54. Specifically, one end of a governor rope 81 wound around a governor wheel 82 is connected to the tension sensor 52, and the other end is fixed to the pulling member 53. Therefore, when the speed governor 80 detects that the speed exceeds the limit speed, the speed governor 80 presses the rope block to act to clamp the speed-limiting steel wire rope 81, the speed-limiting steel wire rope 81 can pull the pull rods of the two safety tongs 70 at the same time, the two safety tongs 70 can be stressed at the same time, and the accuracy of a test result is ensured.
Alternatively, referring to fig. 4, the connecting member 54 is a Y-shaped joint, two Y-shaped joints are provided, and both ends of the lifting member 53 are connected to the pull rods of the two safety tongs 70 through the two Y-shaped joints, respectively. Of course, in other embodiments, the connecting members 54 can be other devices with the same function, and the number of the connecting members 54 can be set according to the use requirement.
In one embodiment, referring to fig. 6, the electric cabinet 20 includes a box, a human-machine interface 21 disposed on the box, and a PLC programmable controller 22, where the PLC programmable controller 22 is electrically connected to the power device 30, the human-machine interface 21, the first rotation speed detector 60, and the second rotation speed detector 61, respectively. Further, the PLC 22 is electrically connected to a third rotation speed detector 62 of the tension sensor 52. When the test is needed, the parameters in the human-computer interface 21 are set, and the total mass and the load capacity of the car, the stopping distance of the car after the rope pressing block of the speed limiter 80 acts, the running speed of the car when the rope pressing block of the speed limiter 80 acts, and the action rotating speed of the flywheel 41 in the test are respectively input according to the test requirements. The PLC 22 controls the motor 31 to accelerate according to the action rotating speed value of the flywheel 41 tested at this time, and when the flywheel 41 accelerates to the preset rotating speed, the test is started. The human-computer interface 21 displays a tension value, the real-time rotating speed of the flywheel 41, the linear speed of the rope wheel of the speed limiter 80, a time and deceleration curve of the safety gear 70, a time and frictional resistance curve of the safety gear 70 and the guide rail 11, and a distance and frictional resistance curve of the safety gear 70 and the guide rail 11 in real time. Finally, the PLC 22 performs program operation and recording according to the signal collected by the test.
In one embodiment, referring to fig. 1, 2 and 3, the power device 30 includes a third rotation speed detector 62, a motor 31 and a transmission assembly, wherein the motor 31 is drivingly connected to the flywheel device 40 through the transmission assembly. The third rotation speed detector 62 is disposed on a rotation shaft of the motor 31, and is configured to detect a rotation speed of the motor 31 and feed the rotation speed back to the electric cabinet 20. In the process of accelerating the flywheel 41, the first rotation speed detector 60 detects the instant rotation speed of the flywheel 41, the third rotation speed detector 62 detects the instant rotation speed of the motor 31, and feeds back the instant rotation speeds of the flywheel 41 and the motor 31 to the electric cabinet 20, and the electric cabinet 20 stops the motor 31 when the preset rotation speed is reached after the edited software operation. Thus, under the cooperation of the first rotation speed detector 60, the third rotation speed detector 62 and the electric cabinet 20, the motor 31 can accelerate the flywheel 41 to a constant rotation speed.
Alternatively, the third rotation speed detector 62 is a rotary encoder. Of course, in other embodiments, the third rotation speed detector 62 may also be other components with the same function, and is not limited thereto.
Optionally, referring to fig. 2, the transmission assembly includes a driving wheel 32, a driven wheel 33 and a transmission belt 34, and the transmission belt 34 is wound around the driving wheel 32 and the driven wheel 33. The output shaft of the motor 31 is drivingly connected with the driving wheel 32 through a flat key, and the driven wheel 33 is drivingly connected with the flywheel device 40. Of course, in other embodiments, the transmission assembly may also be a structure with the same function, such as a gear set, etc., without being limited thereto.
Further, referring to fig. 2 and 6, the motor 31 is a variable frequency motor 31; a frequency converter 23 is arranged in the electric cabinet 20, and the frequency converter 23 is connected with a variable frequency motor 31. During testing, various parameters are input into the electric cabinet 20, the PLC 22 inputs signals to the frequency converter 23, and the frequency converter 23 controls the variable frequency motor 31 to accelerate according to the action rotating speed value of the flywheel 41 tested at this time. Therefore, the speed regulation mode of the variable frequency motor 31 and the frequency converter 23 is adopted, and the automation degree and the production efficiency are improved.
In one embodiment, referring to fig. 2 and 3, the power device 30 further includes an overrunning clutch 35, and the power device 30 is connected to the flywheel device 40 through the overrunning clutch 35. By providing the overrunning clutch 35 in this manner, the overrunning clutch 35 can transmit the energy of the motor 31 to the flywheel device 40, but the energy of the flywheel device 40 cannot be transmitted to the stopped motor 31 in reverse.
In one embodiment, referring to fig. 1, the elevator stopping component testing system further includes a scale 12, and the scale 12 is provided to the test bracket 10 along the extending direction of the guide rail 11. Thus, by arranging the scale 12 on the test support 10, an operator can conveniently observe the sliding distance of the safety gear 70 in the test process, and the comparison calculation value is referred.
Further, referring to fig. 1, the scale 12 is movably disposed on the test rack 10 and can move along the extending direction of the guide rail 11. In this way, during the test, the scale 12 can be moved along the extending direction of the guide rail 11 according to the use requirement, and the use is more convenient and flexible.
In one embodiment, referring to fig. 1 and 5, the test carriage 10 is further provided with a counterweight wheel set 85, and one end of the speed limiting wire rope 81 wound around the governor wheel 82 is wound around the counterweight wheel set 85 and connected to the pull rod of the safety gear 70. Therefore, by arranging the counterweight wheel group 85, the speed-limiting steel wire rope 81 can be expanded and the motion direction of the speed-limiting steel wire rope 81 can be changed, the actual operation working condition of the elevator safety gear 70 can be truly simulated, the accuracy of the test result is ensured, and the safety operation driving and protecting device for the elevator is ensured.
Further, the test rack 10 is provided with a counterweight slide rail, and the counterweight wheel set 85 is connected to the counterweight slide rail. Specifically, the weight slide rail is disposed along the height direction of the test rack 10. Therefore, the safety of the test is ensured.
Referring to fig. 1 and 5, in the embodiment, the test bracket 10 further includes a reversing wheel group 83 and a reversing wheel group 84, and the reversing wheel group 83 and the reversing wheel group 84 are wound around the other end of the speed limiting wire rope 81 of the speed limiter wheel 82 and connected to the tension sensor 52. Therefore, the movement direction of the speed-limiting steel wire rope 81 is changed through the reversing wheel group 83 and the reversing wheel group 84, and the speed-limiting steel wire rope 81 is conveniently connected to the tension sensor 52. It should be noted that the reversing wheel set 83 and the reversing wheel set 84 can be selectively used according to the use requirement.
The elevator braking component testing method provided by one embodiment of the invention provides an elevator braking component testing system of any one embodiment, and comprises the following steps:
and S100, controlling the power device 30 to output driving force, driving at least part of the flywheel device 40 to accelerate by the power device 30, and controlling the power device 30 to stop when at least part of the flywheel device 40 accelerates to a preset rotating speed.
Specifically, in the process of accelerating at least part of the flywheel device 40, the first rotation speed detector 60 detects the instant rotation speed of the flywheel 41, the third rotation speed detector 62 detects the instant rotation speed of the motor 31 in the power device 30, and feeds back the instant rotation speeds of the flywheel 41 and the motor 31 to the electric cabinet 20, and the electric cabinet 20 stops the motor 31 when the instant rotation speeds reach the preset rotation speed after the operation of edited software.
S200, the flywheel device 40 drives the moving seat 50 and the safety gear 70 to move along the guide rail 11.
S300, when the speed governor 80 detects that the speed exceeds the limit speed, the speed governor 80 presses a rope block to act, so that the safety gear 70 clamps the guide rail 11 and decelerates until the safety gear 70 is locked on the guide rail 11; during the process from the movement to the stop of the safety gear 70, the instant rotational speed of the flywheel gear 40 detected by the first rotational speed detector 60 and the instant linear speed of the speed limiter 80 detected by the second rotational speed detector 61 are received and recorded.
And S400, calculating the running distance of the safety gear 70 after the rope pressing block of the speed governor 80 acts and the frictional resistance between the safety gear 70 and the test support 10 according to the detection result.
Therefore, the performance parameters of the safety gear 70 can be obtained by the testing method, the accuracy of the test result is ensured, and the safety operation of the elevator is protected.
In one embodiment, in step S100, the method further includes the following steps: and calculating the preset rotating speed of the flywheel device according to the total mass and the load capacity of the car, the stopping distance of the car after the action of the speed governor rope pressing block and the running speed of the car when the speed governor rope pressing block acts. Thus, the flywheel 41 is accelerated at a preset rotation speed.
In one embodiment, before step S100, the following steps are further included: the safety tongs 70 and the guide shoes 90 fitted thereto are fitted to the guide rail 11 of the test rack 10, and the safety tongs 70 and the guide shoes 90 are fixed to the movable base 50. Meanwhile, the speed governor 80 is fixed to the test stand 10, and one end of a speed-limiting wire rope 81 wound around the speed governor wheel 82 is connected to a pull rod of the safety gear 70.
In this embodiment, the principle of the elevator stopping component testing system is as follows:
1) based on the instantaneous rotational speed of the flywheel 41 detected by the first rotational speed detector 60, and the rotational speed of the governor wheel 82 detected by the second rotational speed detector 61, the following is calculated:
wherein alpha represents the deceleration rate (m/s) of the safety gear 2 ) (ii) a Δ t represents a speed difference (m/s) of the governor; Δ t represents the time difference(s) of the governor.
Δh＝Δt*Δv (2)
Where Δ h represents the increment (m) in the length of movement of the wire rope on the governor.
α, Δ h, Δ t, Δ v are calculated from the above formula and the raw data of the first rotation speed detector 60 and the second rotation speed detector 61. The distance traveled by the safety gear 70 after the rope pressing block of the speed limiter 80 is operated can be obtained by integrating the delta h.
2) From the law of conservation of energy: a. the 0 ＝E 1 -E 2 (3)
Wherein E is 1 Represents the initial energy (N × M); e 2 Represents the energy (N × M) possessed by the exchanged work; a. the 0 Indicating the work (N × M) done to the outside world.
A 0 ＝F Z (h 1 -h 2 ) (6)
Wherein m is 1 Representing the total mass of the car and the components supported by the car, plus the rated load (kg); v. of 1 The running speed (m/s) of the car when the speed governor rope pressing block acts is shown; v. of 2 Indicating the stopping speed of the car
(m/s); g represents the acceleration of gravity (9.81 m/s) 2 )；h 1 The height (m) of the car when the speed governor rope pressing block acts is shown; h is 2 Indicating the height (m) of the car when the car stops; f z The frictional resistance (N) of the safety gear against the guide rail is shown.
Flywheel kinetic energy:
wherein: e k Representing the kinetic energy (N × M) of the flywheel; i denotes the moment of inertia (Kg m) of the flywheel 2 ) (ii) a N represents the flywheel rotational speed (r/min).
M imitation by flywheel kinetic energy 1 The kinetic energy and potential energy (car and rated load) change.
E 1 -E 2 ＝ΔE k
And (4) calculating a preset rotating speed value of the flywheel by using the formula (8). And, should test each item performance of safety tongs through changing flywheel rotational speed to correspond different energy exchanges.
Wherein: delta E K Representing the flywheel kinetic energy difference (N × M); Δ N represents the flywheel rotational speed difference (r/min).
ΔE K ＝F Z *Δh (10)
According to the derivation of the formula, the frictional resistance F between the safety gear and the guide rail can be calculated z 。
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "central," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," "circumferential," and the like are used in the orientations and positional relationships indicated in the drawings for convenience in describing the invention and to simplify the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the referenced device or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and are not to be considered limiting of the invention.
Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means at least two, e.g., two, three, etc., unless specifically limited otherwise.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly and can, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be directly connected or indirectly connected through intervening media, or they may be connected internally or in any other suitable relationship, unless expressly stated otherwise. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the first feature "on" or "under" the second feature may be directly contacting the first and second features or indirectly contacting the first and second features through an intermediate. Also, a first feature "on," "over," and "above" a second feature may be directly or diagonally above the second feature, or may simply indicate that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature being "under," "below," and "beneath" a second feature may be directly under or obliquely under the first feature, or may simply mean that the first feature is at a lesser elevation than the second feature.
It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "secured to" or "disposed on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also be present. When an element is referred to as being "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or intervening elements may also be present. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," and the like as used herein are for illustrative purposes only and do not denote a unique embodiment.
The technical features of the embodiments described above may be arbitrarily combined, and for the sake of brevity, all possible combinations of the technical features in the embodiments described above are not described, but should be considered as being within the scope of the present specification as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (12)
1. An elevator stopping component testing system, comprising:
the test bracket is provided with a guide rail;
the movable seat is movably arranged on the test bracket and used for installing the guide shoe and the safety gear;
the electric cabinet is fixed on the test bracket;
the power device is connected with the power device, the power device is electrically connected with the electric cabinet, the power device outputs driving force under the control of the electric cabinet so as to drive at least part of the flywheel device to accelerate, and the flywheel device can drive the moving seat to move along the guide rail;
the first rotating speed detector is used for detecting the rotating speed of the flywheel device and feeding the rotating speed back to the electric cabinet, the second rotating speed detector is used for detecting the rotating speed of the speed limiter wheel and feeding the rotating speed back to the electric cabinet, and the electric cabinet is used for calculating the frictional resistance of the safety tongs and the test bracket after the speed limiter acts according to the rotating speeds of the flywheel device and the speed limiter wheel.
2. The elevator braking component testing system according to claim 1, wherein the flywheel device comprises a rope storage wheel having a power steel wire rope and a flywheel for simulating a load car, the flywheel is detachably connected to the rope storage wheel, and one end of the power steel wire rope, which is far away from the rope storage wheel, is fixed to the movable base.
3. The elevator braking component testing system according to claim 2, wherein the flywheel device further comprises a driving shaft, a driven shaft and a clutch, the flywheel is disposed on the driving shaft, and the rope storage sheave is disposed on the driven shaft; the driving shaft is connected with the power device, and the driving shaft is detachably connected with the driven shaft through the clutch.
4. The elevator braking component testing system according to claim 2, wherein the flywheel device further comprises a reversing wheel fixed to the testing bracket, the reversing wheel is disposed between the rope storage wheel and the movable seat, the power steel wire rope is wound around the reversing wheel, one end of the power steel wire rope is fixed to the rope storage wheel, and the other end of the power steel wire rope is fixed to the movable seat.
5. The elevator braking component testing system according to claim 1, further comprising a tension sensor electrically connected to the electric cabinet, wherein the tension sensor is disposed on the movable base, and the tension sensor is used for connecting a pull rod of a speed-limiting safety tong through a speed-limiting steel wire rope wound around a speed limiter wheel.
6. The elevator stopping component testing system according to claim 1, further comprising a support frame, a lifting member and at least two connecting members, wherein the lifting member is fixed to the movable base through the support frame, and the lifting member is connected to the pull rods of the two safety tongs through the at least two connecting members.
7. The elevator braking component testing system according to claim 1, wherein the power device comprises a third rotation speed detector, a motor and a transmission assembly, the motor is connected to the flywheel device through the transmission assembly, the third rotation speed detector is arranged on a rotating shaft of the motor and used for detecting the rotation speed of the motor and feeding the rotation speed back to the electric cabinet;
the motor is a variable frequency motor, a frequency converter is arranged in the electric cabinet and connected with the variable frequency motor.
8. The elevator braking component testing system of claim 1, wherein the power device includes an overrunning clutch through which the power device connects to the flywheel device.
9. The elevator stopping component testing system according to any one of claims 1 to 8, further comprising a scale provided to the test rack along an extending direction of the guide rail.
10. The elevator braking component testing system according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the electric cabinet comprises a box body, a human-machine interface arranged on the box body, and a PLC (programmable logic controller) electrically connected with the power device, the human-machine interface, the first rotating speed detector and the second rotating speed detector respectively.
11. Method for testing an elevator stopping component, characterized in that it provides an elevator stopping component testing system according to any of claims 1 to 10, comprising the steps of:
controlling the power device to output driving force, driving at least part of the flywheel device to accelerate by the power device, and controlling the power device to stop when at least part of the flywheel device accelerates to a preset rotating speed;
the flywheel device drives the movable seat, the safety gear and the speed limiter wheel to move;
when the speed governor detects that the speed exceeds the limit speed, the speed governor rope pressing block acts to enable the safety gear to clamp the guide rail and decelerate until the safety gear is locked on the guide rail; in the process that the safety tongs are moved to stop, the instant rotating speed of the flywheel device detected by the first rotating speed detector and the instant linear speed of the speed limiter detected by the second rotating speed detector are received and recorded;
and calculating the running distance of the safety gear and the frictional resistance between the safety gear and the test support after the rope pressing block of the speed limiter acts according to the detection result.
12. The method for testing an elevator stopping component according to claim 11, wherein the step of controlling the power unit to output the driving force, the power unit driving at least a portion of the flywheel unit to accelerate, and the step of controlling the power unit to stop when at least a portion of the flywheel unit accelerates to a predetermined speed, further comprises the steps of:
and calculating the preset rotating speed of the flywheel device according to the total mass and the load capacity of the car, the stopping distance of the car after the action of the speed governor rope pressing block and the running speed of the car when the speed governor rope pressing block acts.
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