CN113123953A - Compressor stepless air quantity regulation configuration control method adopting compression ratio control - Google Patents
Compressor stepless air quantity regulation configuration control method adopting compression ratio control Download PDFInfo
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- CN113123953A CN113123953A CN201911392220.2A CN201911392220A CN113123953A CN 113123953 A CN113123953 A CN 113123953A CN 201911392220 A CN201911392220 A CN 201911392220A CN 113123953 A CN113123953 A CN 113123953A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B49/00—Control, e.g. of pump delivery, or pump pressure of, or safety measures for, machines, pumps, or pumping installations, not otherwise provided for, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B47/00
- F04B49/06—Control using electricity
- F04B49/065—Control using electricity and making use of computers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B49/00—Control, e.g. of pump delivery, or pump pressure of, or safety measures for, machines, pumps, or pumping installations, not otherwise provided for, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B47/00
- F04B49/007—Installations or systems with two or more pumps or pump cylinders, wherein the flow-path through the stages can be changed, e.g. from series to parallel
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B49/00—Control, e.g. of pump delivery, or pump pressure of, or safety measures for, machines, pumps, or pumping installations, not otherwise provided for, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B47/00
- F04B49/08—Regulating by delivery pressure
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B49/00—Control, e.g. of pump delivery, or pump pressure of, or safety measures for, machines, pumps, or pumping installations, not otherwise provided for, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B47/00
- F04B49/22—Control, e.g. of pump delivery, or pump pressure of, or safety measures for, machines, pumps, or pumping installations, not otherwise provided for, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B47/00 by means of valves
- F04B49/24—Bypassing
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- Control Of Positive-Displacement Pumps (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a stepless air volume adjusting configuration control method of a multistage reciprocating compressor controlled by a compression ratio, which is based on a compressor set formed by connecting a plurality of cylinders in series, wherein each stage of cylinder is controlled by a corresponding electric control unit, and the compressor set is controlled by a stepless air volume adjusting system; the electric control unit of the first-stage cylinder is simultaneously controlled by the inlet pressure signal of the compressor unit and the pressure signal of the reaction system; then, the electric control unit of the next-stage cylinder is controlled by the compression ratio of the previous-stage cylinder to positively act, and when the exhaust pressure value of the previous-stage cylinder rises, the load input of the current stage is increased; when the inlet pressure value of the cylinder at the previous stage is reduced, the load input of the current stage is reduced, and the exhaust pressure value at the previous stage is ensured not to be too low. The method can improve the control precision of the system and improve the stress state of the piston rod of the compressor when the inlet pressure of the compressor is greatly changed, thereby improving the reliability and the safety of the operation of the compressor.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of compressor control methods, in particular to a stepless air quantity regulation configuration control method for a multistage reciprocating compressor by adopting compression ratio control.
Background
At present, the quantity of gas quantity stepless regulating systems of domestic large reciprocating compressor units is increased more and more, and the regulating principle is that an air inlet valve is forcibly opened in a partial stroke of a compression stroke to realize gas backflow, and only the gas quantity which is actually needed is compressed. The P-V (pressure-volume) indicator diagram of a reciprocating compressor is a curve reflecting the variation of the gas pressure in the cylinder when the piston is at different positions in one working cycle (360 degrees of crankshaft rotation), and is also called as a gas diagram. A series of analysis and calculation can be carried out on the working process of the compressor according to the P-V diagram, and for the gas quantity stepless regulation system, the indicated power of the compressed gas can be calculated according to the area of the P-V diagram. As shown in figure 1, under the action of the stepless air quantity regulating system, the C-C' stage of the compression stroke is not compressed, and the power consumption of the compressor can be intuitively seen from the P-V indicator diagram.
The basic control process principle of the stepless air quantity regulating system is as follows: DCS (distributed control system) sends load control signals of all levels to an ECU (electronic control unit) of a middle interface unit, the sending signals are 4-20 mA analog quantities, and the sending signals correspond to 0-100% of working load of the compressor. After receiving the load signal, the ECU converts the load signal into an on-off signal of a high-speed electromagnetic valve of the actuating mechanism, and controls the delayed closing time of the air inlet valve according to the on-off interval duration, so that the load of the compressor is subjected to stepless regulation. Since the control phase of each intake valve is different, the control commands sent by the ECU are also out of phase. The load control signals of each stage sent by the DCS are generally automatically calculated and output by a PID (proportional integral) controller according to parameters required by the process, such as pressure, flow rate, temperature, etc. The process parameters are different for different production devices.
The power consumption of the compressor can be visually and qualitatively observed from the P-V indicator diagram of the reciprocating compressor in FIG. 2, but the air inlet and outlet pressures cannot be kept unchanged in actual operation. For a common three-stage compressor set, the inlet pressure fluctuates due to pressure fluctuation of the whole hydrogen pipe network (for example, the inlet pressure fluctuates between 2.0 and 2.4 MPa), if the inlet pressure and the exhaust pressure are taken as control parameters of the system, the inlet pressure fluctuates by 20% for a first-stage cylinder, and the air quantity and the exhaust temperature of a compressor cylinder, particularly, the stress on a piston rod is closely related to the inlet pressure and the exhaust pressure or the compression ratio. In order to improve the control precision and improve the stress of the piston rod under the working condition of stepless regulation, an optimized control configuration scheme taking the compression ratio as a main control variable is necessary to be provided.
For cylinder air quantity, its most important influence factor λv-volume factor, representing the effective utilization of the stroke volume, calculated by the formula
In the formula
Is a relative clearance volume;
is a compression ratio;
without loss of generality, the exhaust temperature is calculated according to an ideal gas adiabatic compression process, with the formula
From the above analysis, with each intake/exhaust pressure as the control parameter of the stepless air quantity regulating system, the working parameters of the second and third-stage cylinders can be kept stable, but the load percentage and the exhaust temperature of the first-stage cylinder will change along with the fluctuation of the intake pressure. Particularly, if the intake pressure is reduced, the ratio of the compressor is increased, so that the load of a piston rod is increased, and the hidden trouble is brought to the safe operation of the compressor. This control (see fig. 3 in detail) therefore has its disadvantages.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: the method for controlling the stepless air quantity regulation configuration of the multistage reciprocating compressor by adopting the compression ratio control solves the problem that in actual operation, when the inlet pressure is reduced, the existing pressure control scheme is easy to cause the first-stage no-load to become an air channel, so that the compression ratio of a subsequent compression stage is greatly increased.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a stepless air quantity regulation configuration control method for a multistage reciprocating compressor adopting compression ratio control comprises the following steps: the compressor unit is controlled by a plurality of cylinders in series, each stage of cylinder is controlled by a corresponding electric control unit, the control signals of the first-stage electric control unit are from a compressor inlet pressure signal PIC controller and the control signals of the second-stage electric control unit and the third-stage electric control unit are from a second-stage compression ratio PIC controller.
The compressor set is controlled by a stepless air quantity regulating system; the electric control unit of the first-stage cylinder is simultaneously controlled by the inlet pressure signal of the compressor unit and the pressure signal of the reaction system; then, the electric control unit of the next-stage cylinder is controlled by the compression ratio of the previous-stage cylinder to positively act, and when the exhaust pressure value of the previous-stage cylinder rises, the load input of the current stage is increased; and when the inlet pressure value of the cylinder at the upper stage is reduced, reducing the load input of the current stage, and ensuring that the exhaust pressure value at the upper stage is not lower than the lower limit of the set value.
Generally, a compressor train includes, but is not limited to, a primary cylinder, a secondary cylinder, and a tertiary cylinder; the number of cylinders per stage includes, but is not limited to, 1, 2, 3; general compression ratio
Is the ratio of the outlet pressure to the inlet pressure of each stage of the cylinder.
Specifically, the electric control unit of the primary air cylinder is simultaneously controlled by a compressor unit inlet pressure signal and a reaction system pressure signal, and the electric control unit of the primary air cylinder performs low selection on the two signals; the inlet pressure to the compressor is protected first and the system reaction pressure is protected second.
In a similar way, the electric control unit of the first-stage air cylinder is simultaneously controlled by the inlet pressure signal of the compressor unit and the pressure signal of the reaction system, and the electric control unit of the first-stage air cylinder carries out high selection on the two signals; the compressor outlet pressure or system pressure is protected first and the compressor inlet pressure is protected second.
The stepless air flow regulating system includes, but is not limited to, a stepless system actuator, an electronic control unit, a hydraulic energy source or other energy source, which provides a power source for the actuator.
The actuating mechanism is arranged on an air inlet valve pressure valve cover of the compressor unit, and directly acts on the valve plate through an air inlet valve ejector rod and controls the opening and closing movement of the valve plate, so that the aims of controlling the flow of each stage of air cylinder and adjusting and stabilizing the compression ratio of each stage of air cylinder are fulfilled.
The invention has the advantages that:
1. the ECU-1 for controlling the primary load of the compressor unit is controlled by the inlet pressure signal of the compressor unit and the pressure signal of the reaction system together, and carries out low selection on the two PIC signals; firstly protecting the inlet pressure and secondly protecting the reaction pressure of the system;
2. the ECU-2 for controlling the secondary load is controlled by the primary compression ratio and positively acts, and when the primary discharge pressure value rises, the secondary load is increased and more air is extracted; when the primary inlet pressure value is reduced, the secondary load is reduced, and the primary exhaust pressure value is ensured not to be too low;
3. the ECU-3 for controlling the third-level load is controlled by the second-level compression ratio to positively act, and when the second-level pressure discharge value rises, the third-level load is increased and more air is extracted; when the secondary inlet pressure value is reduced, the tertiary load is reduced, and the secondary exhaust pressure value is ensured not to be too low.
Drawings
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and examples:
FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a strategy control with various compression ratios as control parameters;
FIG. 2 is a P-V indicator diagram for stepless regulation of gas amount;
FIG. 3 is a schematic control flow chart of various pressures as control parameters;
Detailed Description
Example (b):
as shown in the attached figure 1, the compressor unit based on the control of the stepless air quantity adjusting system comprises an actuating mechanism, an electric control unit and a hydraulic energy source. The actuating mechanism is arranged on a pressure valve cover of an air inlet valve of the compressor, and directly acts on the valve plate through a special ejector rod of the air inlet valve to control the opening and closing movement of the valve plate. The number of the air inlet valves of the compressor is more, generally 4-28, and the air inlet valves of the acting cavities on each side are located at different control phases, so that the required control signals are different. If hard-wire connection is adopted, each side or each actuating mechanism needs to be independently wired, so that field wiring is complicated, construction amount is increased, and cost is increased. Meanwhile, if the working state of each actuating mechanism needs to be monitored, separate wiring is also needed, and the condition monitoring is not facilitated. Therefore, the domestic stepless air quantity regulating system installed on the compressor adopts a signal control scheme based on an MODBUS RS485 industrial control bus, the control mode is reliable in signal transmission and high in control precision, control signals can be sent to 8-24 execution mechanisms simultaneously through one control bus, and meanwhile the working state of each execution mechanism can be sent back to the ECU control unit through the bus.
In order to overcome the defects caused by adopting the intake/exhaust pressure as a system control parameter, a scheme of adopting a compression ratio as a control parameter is adopted, and the specific mode is as follows:
the ECU-1 controlling the primary load of the compressor unit is controlled by the inlet pressure signal and the inlet pressure signal of the compressor unit together, and carries out low selection on the two PIC signals; the inlet pressure is protected first and the system reaction pressure is protected second.
The ECU-2 for controlling the secondary load is controlled by the primary compression ratio and positively acts, and when the primary discharge pressure value rises, the secondary load is increased and more air is extracted; when the primary inlet pressure value drops, the secondary load is reduced and it is ensured that the primary exhaust pressure value is not too low.
The ECU-3 for controlling the third-level load is controlled by the second-level compression ratio and positively acts, and when the second-level pressure discharge value rises, the third-level load is increased and more air is extracted; and when the secondary inlet pressure value is reduced, the tertiary load is reduced, and the secondary exhaust pressure value is ensured not to be lower than the lower limit of the set value.
Table 1 shows the pressure parameters of each stage of the compressor unit using compression ratio control and pressure control, respectively;
as can be seen from the table above, the exhaust temperature and the compression ratio of each stage are more balanced and reasonable by adopting a compression ratio control mode.
The foregoing embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and utilities of the present invention and are not intended to limit the invention. Any person skilled in the art can modify or change the above-mentioned embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Accordingly, it is intended that all equivalent modifications or changes which can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and technical concepts disclosed herein be covered by the appended claims.
Claims (6)
1. The utility model provides a multistage reciprocating compressor stepless tolerance that adopts compression ratio control adjusts configuration control method, is based on the compressor unit that multistage cylinder is established ties, and every grade cylinder is controlled by corresponding electrical control unit, its characterized in that: the compressor unit is controlled by a stepless air quantity regulating system; the electric control unit of the first-stage cylinder is simultaneously controlled by the inlet pressure signal of the compressor unit and the pressure signal of the reaction system; then, the electric control unit of the next-stage cylinder is controlled by the compression ratio of the previous-stage cylinder to positively act, and when the exhaust pressure value of the previous-stage cylinder rises, the load input of the current stage is increased; and when the inlet pressure value of the cylinder at the upper stage is reduced, reducing the load input of the current stage, and ensuring that the exhaust pressure value at the upper stage is not lower than the lower limit of the set value.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the configuration control method for stepless air volume adjustment of the multi-stage reciprocating compressor with compression ratio control comprises: the compressor unit includes, but is not limited to, a primary cylinder, a secondary cylinder, anda third-stage cylinder; the number of cylinders per stage includes, but is not limited to, 1, 2, 3; the compression ratio
Is the ratio of the outlet pressure to the inlet pressure of each stage of the cylinder.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the configuration control method for stepless air volume adjustment of the multi-stage reciprocating compressor with compression ratio control comprises: the electric control unit of the first-stage cylinder is controlled by the inlet pressure signal of the compressor unit and the pressure signal of the reaction system at the same time, and performs low selection on the two signals; the inlet pressure to the compressor is protected first and the system reaction pressure is protected second.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the configuration control method for stepless air volume adjustment of the multi-stage reciprocating compressor with compression ratio control comprises: the electric control unit of the first-stage cylinder is controlled by the inlet pressure signal of the compressor unit and the pressure signal of the reaction system at the same time, and the electric control unit of the first-stage cylinder carries out high selection on the two signals; the compressor outlet pressure or system pressure is protected first and the compressor inlet pressure is protected second.
5. The method for controlling the configuration of the stepless air volume regulation of a multi-stage reciprocating compressor with compression ratio control according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the stepless air quantity regulating system comprises a stepless system executing mechanism, an electric control unit and a hydraulic energy source.
6. The method of claim 3, wherein the configuration control method for stepless air volume adjustment of the multi-stage reciprocating compressor with compression ratio control comprises: the actuating mechanism is arranged on an air inlet valve pressure valve cover of the compressor unit, and directly acts on the valve plate through an air inlet valve ejector rod and controls the opening and closing movement of the valve plate.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201911392220.2A CN113123953A (en) | 2019-12-30 | 2019-12-30 | Compressor stepless air quantity regulation configuration control method adopting compression ratio control |
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| CN201911392220.2A CN113123953A (en) | 2019-12-30 | 2019-12-30 | Compressor stepless air quantity regulation configuration control method adopting compression ratio control |
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Citations (5)
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| CN207261228U (en) * | 2017-08-21 | 2018-04-20 | 河南心连心化肥有限公司 | A kind of reciprocating compressor tolerance stepless regulator |
| CN108916012A (en) * | 2018-06-14 | 2018-11-30 | 北京世纪隆博科技有限责任公司 | A kind of compressor assembly intelligent control method based on expert system |
| CN109058088A (en) * | 2018-07-09 | 2018-12-21 | 北京博华信智科技股份有限公司 | A kind of reciprocating compressor discharge capacity tolerance control method based on temperature and pressure ratio |
| CN109653982A (en) * | 2018-12-04 | 2019-04-19 | 北京化工大学 | A kind of piston compressor stepless airflow regulation method of cylinder head bypass reflux |
| CN109973374A (en) * | 2019-03-29 | 2019-07-05 | 北京化工大学 | A kind of Capacity Control Method of Reciprocating Compressor that revolving speed is adaptive |
-
2019
- 2019-12-30 CN CN201911392220.2A patent/CN113123953A/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN207261228U (en) * | 2017-08-21 | 2018-04-20 | 河南心连心化肥有限公司 | A kind of reciprocating compressor tolerance stepless regulator |
| CN108916012A (en) * | 2018-06-14 | 2018-11-30 | 北京世纪隆博科技有限责任公司 | A kind of compressor assembly intelligent control method based on expert system |
| CN109058088A (en) * | 2018-07-09 | 2018-12-21 | 北京博华信智科技股份有限公司 | A kind of reciprocating compressor discharge capacity tolerance control method based on temperature and pressure ratio |
| CN109653982A (en) * | 2018-12-04 | 2019-04-19 | 北京化工大学 | A kind of piston compressor stepless airflow regulation method of cylinder head bypass reflux |
| CN109973374A (en) * | 2019-03-29 | 2019-07-05 | 北京化工大学 | A kind of Capacity Control Method of Reciprocating Compressor that revolving speed is adaptive |
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| 杨成炯等: "DidroCOM气量无级调节系统在新氢压缩机上的应用", 《化工设备与管道》 * |
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