CN109058088A - A kind of reciprocating compressor discharge capacity tolerance control method based on temperature and pressure ratio - Google Patents
A kind of reciprocating compressor discharge capacity tolerance control method based on temperature and pressure ratio Download PDFInfo
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- CN109058088A CN109058088A CN201810747614.4A CN201810747614A CN109058088A CN 109058088 A CN109058088 A CN 109058088A CN 201810747614 A CN201810747614 A CN 201810747614A CN 109058088 A CN109058088 A CN 109058088A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B49/00—Control, e.g. of pump delivery, or pump pressure of, or safety measures for, machines, pumps, or pumping installations, not otherwise provided for, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B47/00
- F04B49/22—Control, e.g. of pump delivery, or pump pressure of, or safety measures for, machines, pumps, or pumping installations, not otherwise provided for, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B47/00 by means of valves
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B49/00—Control, e.g. of pump delivery, or pump pressure of, or safety measures for, machines, pumps, or pumping installations, not otherwise provided for, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B47/00
- F04B49/06—Control using electricity
- F04B49/065—Control using electricity and making use of computers
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- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- Control Of Positive-Displacement Pumps (AREA)
Abstract
The reciprocating compressor discharge capacity tolerance control method based on temperature and pressure ratio that the present invention relates to a kind of realizes automatic adjustment amendment of the capacity of reciprocating compressor under intake air temperature variation, has achieved the purpose that constant compression machine discharge capacity.Relief arrangements are equipped with, realize 0~100% full scale step-less adjustment of tolerance according to setting flow or the technical disadvantages of pressure progress full-automatic regulation, compressor intake valves at different levels in order to overcome most of enterprise to cannot achieve stepless amount regulating system.Ratio calculation first order load ratio is carried out with the revised rated discharge of intake air temperature acquired in real time using the unit manually set discharge capacity actually required；Second level, three-level and level Four use setting pressure ratio mode to use the automatic calculated load ratio of PID controller, final to realize at a temperature of various inlet, and pressure ratio and capacity are constant between holding unit grade.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of reciprocating compressors to be vented amount control method, realize the capacity of reciprocating compressor into
Automatic adjustment amendment under gas temperature change, has achieved the purpose that constant compression machine discharge capacity.
Background technique
Reciprocating compressor as a kind of positive displacement compressor, better working stability, adaptable and fuel factor compared with
The features such as high, is widely used in the fields such as petroleum, chemical industry, oil refining, gas production, gas injection, gas transmission.The rated discharge amount of reciprocating compression is
Just design is completed when leaving the factory, since its design feature itself can not the amount of being exhausted adjusting.However in many reciprocating compressors
With in field, since power condition changing such as deficiency of air, exhaust demand reduce etc., require to carry out tolerance adjusting, protect
Optimization of Energy Saving operation is realized while demonstrate,proving process stabilizing.The load for how making unit run on needs of production does not cause largely
It is that the problem of enterprise will face and enterprise carry out reducing energy consumption important breakthrough mouth that the energy, which is wasted,.
The method for adjusting compressor air-discharging amount at present has bypass to adjust, clearance volume adjusts, opens air inlet valve regulation, revolving speed
Several regulative modes such as adjusting.Bypass reflux regulative mode is will to pass through bypass return valve and side through the hiigh pressure stage gas of overcompression
Road pipeline is guided to entrance and is adjusted, regulative mode simple and flexible, easy to operate, is conventional tolerance regulation method, answers extensively
For all kinds of reciprocating compressors.But compressor is in full-loading condition operation always under the regulative mode, and extra gas is by height
It arbitrarily downgrades and is back to low-pressure stage by Repeated Compression, cause a large amount of energy dissipation, the energy of the more wastes of regurgitant volume is more.
The mode that partial journey presses off air inlet valve regulation is to press off air inlet in the specific time of each compressor operating stroke
Valve valve block cancels power of enforcement when piston direction moves to a certain designated position, and intake valve is due to automatic under the action of gas force
It closes, compressor starts compress remaining gas in the cylinder, and this regulative mode to increase in former working cycles
Required tolerance is only compressed in extra gas backstreaming by the process for having added a gas in the jar to flow back, each compressor operating stroke
Gas.The publicity of regulating device based on the regulative mode: it is disclosed in United States Patent (USP) US5833209 and US7331767
Regulating device hydraulic power circuits are switched on or off by high frequency quickly responding to switch valve, control intake valve top opening mechanism is dynamic
Make, realizes the adjusting of compressor each cycle capacity.Chinese patent CN103244399B controls solenoid valve by pulse signal and drives
The enforced opening time of dynamic pressure contracting cover side and axis side valve realizes that compressor cycle tolerance is adjusted.These adjusting methods exist
The practical capacity for carrying out being manufactured almost exclusively by setting when flow control or pressure at expulsion carry out load and calculate automatically.However,
In manual setting unit load, it is not allowed since intake air temperature variation will cause flow control.
In most of enterprise, the considerations of in process stabilizing or hardware condition does not allow, and gas often cannot be achieved
Amount adjusts fully automatic operation, i.e., amount regulating system is according at different levels negative of the flow or pressure full-automatic regulation compressor of setting
Lotus ratio can only carry out tolerance adjusting in the form of manually setting unit load or setting capacity.For multi-stage cylinder sky
For the unit of air pressure contracting, in day and night temperature major region, the variation of environment temperature will lead to inlet exhaust gas temperature and pressure between unit grade
Power changes, and then unit capacity and interstage pressure will appear biggish variation when operation under the load of setting, so that
Unit capacity and mismatch actually required, cause energy waste.In order to prevent caused by this variation as intake air temperature
Capacity variation, it is necessary to correct the load of unit automatically according to environment temperature.
Summary of the invention
1, the present invention relates to a kind of reciprocating compressor displacement control based on temperature and pressure ratio, it is characterised in that:
(1) unloader is installed on reciprocating compressor inlet valve, angular adjustment unit is recalled by control inlet valve delay
Capacity；
(2) number of compression stages of compressor is N, and specified intake air temperature design values at different levels are Ti, unit K, Kelvin, i=
1,2…N；Under design temperature operating condition, if the rated discharge amount of reciprocating compressor is Q0, unit Nm3/ min, i.e. standard cube
Per minute, the overall pressure tatio of unit oepration at full load is ε to rice, and pressure ratios at different levels are εi, i=1,2 ... N, ε=ε1×ε2×...×εN,
Unit admission pressures at different levels are Pi, i=1,2 ... N；
(3) when the amount of being exhausted is adjusted, production technology is Q (t) Nm in t moment tolerance actually required3/ min, at this time respectively
Grade intake air temperature is Tis(t), unit K, then the 1st grade of cylinder rated discharge amount is modified toT11st grade of specified air inlet
Temperature design value.Then duty ratio of the 1st grade of tolerance of reciprocating compressor in t moment are as follows:
(4) pressure ratios at different levels after adjusting are set as εis, i=1,2 ... N, ε=ε1s×ε2s×...×εNs, overall pressure tatio holding is not
Become, if the 1st grade of admission pressure is P1s, i+1 grade admission pressure P(i+1)sFor Pis×εis, i=1,2 ... N-1；
(5) N grades of cylinder intake pressure are arrived according to the 2nd, calculates the 2nd to N stage load ratio η2(t) ..., ηN(t)；
(6) according to duty ratio conversion formulaIn formula, λiIt is at different levels for compressor
The ratio between length of connecting rod and crank throw calculate the angle, θ that cylinder unloaders delays at different levels are recalledi:
I-stage number of cylinders is set as Wi, when definition j-th of cylinder piston of i-stage is located at outer dead point, crank angle θij=
0, when piston is located at inner dead point, crank angle θij=180；If cylinder is outside single-acting cylinder, to the W of i-stageiA gas
Cylinder, the inlet valve unloader of each cylinder is in θij=180+ θiWhen complete recall；If cylinder is interior outside double-acting cylinder, right
The W of i-stageiA cylinder, the inlet valve unloader on the outside of each cylinder is in θij=180+ θiWhen complete recall, each cylinder inside
Inlet valve unloader in θij=θiWhen complete recall；Unloader realizes unit capacity and pressure at different levels to the control of air valve
The adjusting of ratio；
Duty ratio calculation method of i-th (i=2...N) the grade cylinder based on pid control algorithm that the step (5) is established:
1) respectively in other duty ratio η at different levels in addition to level-oneiApply step signal, acquires the value P of admission pressures at different levelsi, the
The l-th sampled value of i grades of admission pressures is
βiL=Pi(LZs), L=1,2...D
In formula, ZsFor step response sampling time, βiLIt is i-stage admission pressure in LZsThe amplitude at moment, D indicate sampling
Total length；
2) other admission pressures at different levels after applying duty ratio step signal tend to be steady after a certain moment M in addition to level-one
Fixed, pressure is fluctuated up and down less than 5%, then availability vector
As prediction model vector, M is the time domain length of model；
3) k M i-stage future, duty ratio moment incremental vectors are at a certain moment
It obtains predicting output valve in the admission pressure of the following M moment i-stage:
In formula,It indicates zero load and compares incrementWhen, the prediction initial value of i-stage admission pressure,First item is in (k-M+ on the right of equation
N-1) the pressure steady-state value under the control action at moment, Section 2 are M moment duty ratio increment Delta η before moment ki(k-1)、Δ
ηi(k-2)、…、Δηi(k+n-M) change value of pressure caused by；
4) current the output of process measured value P is acquiredi(k) with the predicted value of modelBe compared, with its deviation come
ci(k) carry out the predicted value of correction model output
Pi c(k+n)=Pm i(k+n)+α c (k), n=1,2...M
In formula, Pi cIt (k+n) is revised moment k+n predicted value, Pm i(k+n) output valve is predicted for model moment k+n,
AsPiIt (k) is actual acquisition pressure value, α is weighting coefficient, value 1；
5)PissGuarantee pressure for the setting value of i-stage admission pressure in order to avoid there is the change dramatically output and input
Power Pi(k+m) reach setting value P along a certain smooth reference curveiss, reference curve
Pi r(k+m)=δnPi(k)+(1-δn)Piss, m=1,2...P`
In formula, δ=exp (Zs/Zr), ZsFor the sampling time；ZrFor reference curve time constant, P is control length of field；
6) the amendment predicted value and reference curve of system are obtained by on-line correction, and then obtains prediction deviation
ei(k+m)=Pi r(k+m)-Pi c(k+m), m=1,2...P
7) i-stage duty ratio increment Delta η is calculatedi(k+m-1) it is
Δηi(k+m-1)=Aiei(k+m-1)-Biei(k-2+m)+Ciei(k-3+m), m=1...P
In formula: ZsFor sampling time, KpiFor i-stage PID proportional gain, TIiFor i-stage PID integration time constant, TdiFor
I-stage PID derivative time constant, Kpi、TIi、TdiAdjusting is carried out using response curve method by acquisition admission pressures at different levels to obtain
?；
8) load η of the practical i-stage in moment ki(k) it is
ηi(k)=ηi(k-1)+Δηi(k), i=2...N
In formula, ηiIt (k-1) is the duty ratio at k-1 moment.
3, compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention are as follows: when amount regulating system cannot achieve full-automatic regulation,
It, can be according to the duty ratio of intake air temperature adjust automatically level-one, second level, three-level, level Four after setting unit discharge capacity actually required
Duty ratio is automatically adjusted according to pid algorithm, guarantees that the capacity of unit is stablized.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 the present invention in configuration section stroke open intake valve execute relief arrangement after reciprocating compressor structural topology show
It is intended to；
Fig. 2 partial journey opens the structural schematic diagram that intake valve executes relief arrangement；
Fig. 3 PID calculated load is than flow chart schematic diagram；
In figure: 1-air inlet surge tank 2-host computer, 3-insertion slot type controller 4-hydraulic oil unit, 5-ratio pressure regulation
6-driving motor of valve 7-is vented 8-reciprocating compressor of surge tank 9-and executes unloader device 10-execution oil cylinder 11-
12-mandril of compressor valve deck 13-pressure 14-compressor intake valves of fork
Specific embodiment
The principle of the present invention and embodiment are described in detail below in conjunction with attached drawing.
As shown in Figure 1, four cylinder reciprocal air compressor of level Four of the present invention, in all of compressor level-one to level Four
Intake valve is equipped with upper execution relief arrangement as shown in Figure 2, recalls angular adjustment unit capacity by control inlet valve delay.
Unit discharge capacity regulation method of the invention is that discharge capacity is actually needed by the unit of setting in the duty ratio of level-one and unit is currently warm
Revised rated discharge carries out ratio calculation acquisition under degree, after setting reciprocating compressor pressure ratio at different levels, pid control algorithm benefit
The duty ratio of second level, three-level and level Four is calculated with the admission pressure of the second level, three-level and the level Four that acquire in real time, it is of the invention
The calculated load of pid control algorithm is more as shown in Figure 3 than flow chart.Unit information is as follows in this example:
Reciprocating compressor relevant parameter is as follows:
Compressor rotary speed ω=44.4rad/s
Admission pressure Ps=0.1MPa
Crank to connecting rod length ratio λ=0.2
Unit rated discharge M0=34.4Nm3/ min (20 DEG C of intake air temperature temperature)
Overall pressure tatio ε=32 of unit
Obtain compressor actual demand tolerance Q Nm3/ min and level-one intake air temperature Ts, level-one tolerance duty ratio is according to above-mentioned
Scheme calculation formula determines, second level, three-level and level Four in automatic mode by PID controller receive practical air inlet pressure force value, into
Atmospheric pressure setting value, the tolerance duty ratio needed by operation.Environment temperature is set to 0 DEG C, 10 DEG C, 15 in this example
℃,20℃,30℃.Setting pressure ratio ε at different levels1s=2, ε2s=2.6, ε3s=2.1, ε4s=2.8, which calculate gas by temperature adjustmemt, holds
The angle that row unloading mechanism is recalled.Unit actual demand capacity is Q=29.6Nm3Under/min, outer side valve delays at different levels
Phase angle θ is closed at a temperature of various inletrAs shown in the following chart, time-delay closing phase in inside differs 180 ° with outside:
In order to which the capacity and the compressor pressure ratio that meet group setup are constant, using the present invention is based on temperature and pressure ratio are reciprocal
Compressor flowrate regulates and controls method, and when intake air temperature changes, the duty ratio of level-one is modified by real-time temperature, protects
It is constant to demonstrate,prove the total air inflow of unit.The duty ratio of second level, three-level and level Four is adjusted by respective PID controller, to protect
It is constant to demonstrate,prove pressure ratio at different levels.As seen from the above table, when intake air temperature increases, in order to keep unit discharge capacity constant, the load of level-one
Than will increase, air inlet air valve is closed phase angle and is shifted to an earlier date；In order to maintain pressure ratios at different levels, the duty ratio of second level, three-level and level Four is same
Sample also will increase.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of reciprocating compressor displacement control based on temperature and pressure ratio, it is characterised in that:
(1) unloader is installed on reciprocating compressor inlet valve, the exhaust of angular adjustment unit is recalled by control inlet valve delay
Amount；
(2) number of compression stages of compressor is N, and specified intake air temperature design values at different levels are Ti, unit K, Kelvin, i=1,2 ...
N；Under design temperature operating condition, if the rated discharge amount of reciprocating compressor is Q0, unit Nm3/ min, i.e. sccm
Clock, the overall pressure tatio of unit oepration at full load are ε, and pressure ratios at different levels are εi, i=1,2 ... N, ε=ε1×ε2×...×εN, unit is each
Grade admission pressure is Pi, i=1,2 ... N；
(3) when the amount of being exhausted is adjusted, production technology is Q (t) Nm in t moment tolerance actually required3/ min, it is each at this time grading
Temperature degree is Tis(t), unit K, then the 1st grade of cylinder rated discharge amount is modified toT11st grade of specified intake air temperature
Design value；Then duty ratio of the 1st grade of tolerance of reciprocating compressor in t moment are as follows:
(4) pressure ratios at different levels after adjusting are set as εis, i=1,2 ... N, ε=ε1s×ε2s×...×εNs, overall pressure tatio remains unchanged, if
1st grade of admission pressure is P1s, i+1 grade admission pressure P(i+1)sFor Pis×εis, i=1,2 ... N-1；
(5) N grades of cylinder intake pressure are arrived according to the 2nd, calculates the 2nd to N stage load ratio η2(t) ..., ηN(t)；
(6) according to duty ratio conversion formulaIn formula, λiFor compressor connecting rod at different levels
The ratio between length and crank throw calculate the angle, θ that cylinder unloaders delays at different levels are recalledi:
I-stage number of cylinders is set as Wi, when definition j-th of cylinder piston of i-stage is located at outer dead point, crank angle θij=0, it is living
When plug is located at inner dead point, crank angle θij=180；If cylinder is outside single-acting cylinder, to the W of i-stageiA cylinder, often
The inlet valve unloader of a cylinder is in θij=180+ θiWhen complete recall；If cylinder is interior outside double-acting cylinder, to i-stage
WiA cylinder, the inlet valve unloader on the outside of each cylinder is in θij=180+ θiWhen complete recall, the suction of each cylinder inside
Air valve unloader is in θij=θiWhen complete recall；Unloader realizes unit capacity and pressure ratio at different levels to the control of air valve
It adjusts.
2. the reciprocating compressor displacement control according to claim 1 based on temperature and pressure ratio, it is characterised in that institute
State duty ratio calculation method of the i-stage cylinder based on pid control algorithm of step (5) foundation:
1) respectively in other duty ratio η at different levels in addition to level-oneiApply step signal, acquires the value P of admission pressures at different levelsi, i-stage
The l-th sampled value of admission pressure is
βiL=Pi(LZs), L=1,2...D
In formula, ZsFor step response sampling time, βiLIt is i-stage admission pressure in LZsThe amplitude at moment, D indicate sampling overall length
Degree；
2) other admission pressures at different levels tend towards stability after a certain moment M after applying duty ratio step signal in addition to level-one,
Pressure is fluctuated less than 5% up and down, then uses vector
As prediction model vector, M is the time domain length of model；
3) k M i-stage future, duty ratio moment incremental vectors are at a certain moment
It obtains predicting output valve in the admission pressure of the following M moment i-stage:
In formula,It indicates zero load and compares incrementWhen, the prediction initial value of i-stage admission pressure,First item is in (k-M+ on the right of equation
N-1) the pressure steady-state value under the control action at moment, Section 2 are M moment duty ratio increment Delta η before moment ki(k-1)、Δ
ηi(k-2)、…、Δηi(k+n-M) change value of pressure caused by；
4) current the output of process measured value P is acquiredi(k) with the predicted value of modelIt is compared, with its deviation come ci(k)
Carry out the predicted value of correction model output
Pi c(k+n)=Pm i(k+n)+α c (k), n=1,2...M
In formula, Pi cIt (k+n) is revised moment k+n predicted value, Pm i(k+n) output valve is predicted for model moment k+n, asPiIt (k) is actual acquisition pressure value, α is weighting coefficient, value 1；
5)PissGuarantee pressure P for the setting value of i-stage admission pressure in order to avoid there is the change dramatically output and inputi(k
+ m) along a certain smooth reference curve reach setting value Piss, reference curve
Pi r(k+m)=δnPi(k)+(1-δn)Piss, m=1,2...P`
In formula, δ=exp (Zs/Zr), ZsFor the sampling time；ZrFor reference curve time constant, P is control length of field；
6) the amendment predicted value and reference curve of system are obtained by on-line correction, and then obtains prediction deviation
ei(k+m)=Pi r(k+m)-Pi c(k+m), m=1,2...P
7) i-stage duty ratio increment Delta η is calculatedi(k+m-1) it is
Δηi(k+m-1)=Aiei(k+m-1)-Biei(k-2+m)+Ciei(k-3+m), m=1...P
In formula: ZsFor sampling time, KpiFor i-stage PID proportional gain, TIiFor i-stage PID integration time constant, TdiFor i-stage
PID derivative time constant, Kpi、TIi、TdiAdjusting acquisition is carried out using response curve method by acquiring admission pressures at different levels；
8) load η of the practical i-stage in moment ki(k) it is
ηi(k)=ηi(k-1)+Δηi(k), i=2...N
In formula, ηiIt (k-1) is the duty ratio at k-1 moment.
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| CN109973374A (en) * | 2019-03-29 | 2019-07-05 | 北京化工大学 | A kind of Capacity Control Method of Reciprocating Compressor that revolving speed is adaptive |
| CN112459984A (en) * | 2020-11-13 | 2021-03-09 | 西安陕鼓动力股份有限公司 | Performance test calculation method for isothermal compressor |
| CN113123953A (en) * | 2019-12-30 | 2021-07-16 | 无锡康茨压缩机配件与系统有限公司 | Compressor stepless air quantity regulation configuration control method adopting compression ratio control |
| CN113985808A (en) * | 2021-09-17 | 2022-01-28 | 北京化工大学 | Load switching path optimization method based on minimum step disturbance |
| US20220412342A1 (en) * | 2021-06-28 | 2022-12-29 | Honda Motor Co., Ltd. | Decompression system and decompression method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN109973374A (en) * | 2019-03-29 | 2019-07-05 | 北京化工大学 | A kind of Capacity Control Method of Reciprocating Compressor that revolving speed is adaptive |
| CN109973374B (en) * | 2019-03-29 | 2020-05-19 | 北京化工大学 | Rotation speed self-adaptive reciprocating compressor air flow adjusting method |
| CN113123953A (en) * | 2019-12-30 | 2021-07-16 | 无锡康茨压缩机配件与系统有限公司 | Compressor stepless air quantity regulation configuration control method adopting compression ratio control |
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| US20220412342A1 (en) * | 2021-06-28 | 2022-12-29 | Honda Motor Co., Ltd. | Decompression system and decompression method |
| US11867170B2 (en) * | 2021-06-28 | 2024-01-09 | Honda Motor Co., Ltd. | Decompression system and decompression method |
| CN113985808A (en) * | 2021-09-17 | 2022-01-28 | 北京化工大学 | Load switching path optimization method based on minimum step disturbance |
| CN113985808B (en) * | 2021-09-17 | 2024-04-23 | 北京化工大学 | Load switching path optimizing method based on minimum step disturbance |
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