CN113117730B - 一种活性炭复合载体的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种活性炭复合载体的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN113117730B CN113117730B CN201911417745.7A CN201911417745A CN113117730B CN 113117730 B CN113117730 B CN 113117730B CN 201911417745 A CN201911417745 A CN 201911417745A CN 113117730 B CN113117730 B CN 113117730B
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- Prior art keywords
- composite carrier
- pore
- carrier according
- activated carbon
- aluminum
- Prior art date
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- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 92
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 87
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 86
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- CSDREXVUYHZDNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumanylidynesilicon Chemical compound [Al].[Si] CSDREXVUYHZDNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000010335 hydrothermal treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- RGPUVZXXZFNFBF-UHFFFAOYSA-K diphosphonooxyalumanyl dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [Al+3].OP(O)([O-])=O.OP(O)([O-])=O.OP(O)([O-])=O RGPUVZXXZFNFBF-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- YKTSYUJCYHOUJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O--].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] Chemical compound [O--].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] YKTSYUJCYHOUJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052918 calcium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000012241 calcium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000019832 sodium triphosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000001577 tetrasodium phosphonato phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002694 phosphate binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- ILRRQNADMUWWFW-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium phosphate Chemical compound O1[Al]2OP1(=O)O2 ILRRQNADMUWWFW-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000378 calcium silicate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- JHLNERQLKQQLRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium silicate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] JHLNERQLKQQLRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- OYACROKNLOSFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;dioxido(oxo)silane Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][Si]([O-])=O OYACROKNLOSFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960001701 chloroform Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- BCAARMUWIRURQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N dicalcium;oxocalcium;silicate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca]=O.[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BCAARMUWIRURQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019799 monosodium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000403 monosodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- AJPJDKMHJJGVTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].OP(O)([O-])=O AJPJDKMHJJGVTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- FQENQNTWSFEDLI-UHFFFAOYSA-J sodium diphosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O FQENQNTWSFEDLI-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 claims description 3
- GCLGEJMYGQKIIW-UHFFFAOYSA-H sodium hexametaphosphate Chemical compound [Na]OP1(=O)OP(=O)(O[Na])OP(=O)(O[Na])OP(=O)(O[Na])OP(=O)(O[Na])OP(=O)(O[Na])O1 GCLGEJMYGQKIIW-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019982 sodium hexametaphosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940048086 sodium pyrophosphate Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019794 sodium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019818 tetrasodium diphosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019976 tricalcium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021534 tricalcium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002972 Acrylic fiber Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002957 persistent organic pollutant Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 abstract description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 9
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229960000892 attapulgite Drugs 0.000 description 5
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910052625 palygorskite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 5
- 241000219793 Trifolium Species 0.000 description 4
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 4
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000013162 Cocos nucifera Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 244000060011 Cocos nucifera Species 0.000 description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(II) nitrate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000013598 vector Substances 0.000 description 3
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Natural products CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 2
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004113 Sepiolite Substances 0.000 description 1
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010000 carbonizing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002173 cutting fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000593 degrading effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002638 heterogeneous catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002815 homogeneous catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010842 industrial wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052624 sepiolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019355 sepiolite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B01J29/06—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
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- B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
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- B01J20/20—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising free carbon; comprising carbon obtained by carbonising processes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
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- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
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- C02F2101/30—Organic compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种活性炭复合载体的制备方法，所述制备方法包括如下内容：（1）硅铝粘土改性处理；（2）制备载体前体；（3）将载体前体与有机溶剂混合处理，得到第二物料；（4）将第二物料进料至氢氧化钠溶液中，混匀后进行水热处理，然后经冷却、洗涤和固液分离，最后将分离得到的固相物料进行干燥和焙烧得到复合载体。复合载体内部三级孔道中形成交联互通结构，可以加强有机污染物在载体内部的传质能力，有效促进复合载体对污染物的脱除能力。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于催化材料技术领域，特别是涉及一种含活性炭复合载体的制备方法。
背景技术
随着环境污染问题的加剧，处理有机污染物的高级氧化技术，以生成强氧化性自由基为标志，对有机污染物的降解具有显著的效果。均相催化剂在使用过程中易流失、生成沉淀物，造成二次污染，非均相催化剂具有活性组分不易流失，易分离，工艺简单的优点，成为研究的热点。活性炭作为有机污染物处理催化剂载体有着孔隙发达、比表面积大、吸附能力强、活性位点丰富、耐热、耐酸碱、表面官能团易调变的优点。但是多数成型活性炭存在着机械强度差，磨耗高，与活性金属相互作用力弱的缺点，易发生粉末堵塞及金属离子流失，造成二次污染，限制了其在环保领域中的应用。
硅铝粘土成型后具有很好的强度，但通常孔径较大，吸附能力较弱，对催化反应贡献不多。分子筛具有规则的孔道，是良好的催化剂载体，但存在着价格昂贵，成型困难等问题，制约了其应用。本发明采用廉价易得的活性炭与硅铝粘土形成复合载体前驱体，并经后处理形成分子筛结构，明显提高催化剂的催化性能。
CN201810267791.2公开了凹凸棒土/活性炭复合非均相芬顿催化材料的制备方法，利用价廉易得的天然矿物材料——凹凸棒土和具有较强吸附能力的活性炭作为载体，与铜、锰金属氧化物相结合。该新型复合催化材料，可以有效催化过氧化氢处理污水，对有机染料废水、化工、CNC切削液废水等领域等难处理工业废水污染物具有良好的脱色和降解效果。
CN201410732810.6公开了一种包含活性炭、海泡石和氧化钛三种组分的复合载体，以PEG-2000作为复合催化剂的扩孔剂，经特定的改性、复合、扩孔工艺，制得具有特殊孔结构和高比表面积的载体材料。
CN201210238273.0公开了沸石-活性炭-凹土复合载体烟气脱硝催化剂的制备方法，首先，稻壳经粉碎、炭化，添加碱及铝源溶液合成沸石-活性炭；随后，沸石-活性炭、水与凹土混合后搅拌、抽滤、挤条、烘干、煅烧成型，再浸渍硝酸铜乙酸溶液；最后，混合物在氮气保护下高温煅烧制备沸石-活性炭-凹土复合载体脱硝催化剂。本发明为物料的简单混合成型，孔道之间连通性不好，有机物反应传质效率不高。
发明内容
针对现有技术中的问题，本发明提供一种活性炭复合载体的制备方法，所述制备方法在制备过程中通过引入有机纤维短切丝，在载体前驱体中预留下纤维丝的交联网状结构，最后再通过有机溶剂除去有机纤维，并在复合载体内部三级孔道中形成交联互通结构，可以加强有机污染物在载体内部的传质能力，有效促进复合载体对污染物的脱除能力。
本发明第一方面提供一种活性炭复合载体的制备方法，所述制备方法包括如下内容：
（1）硅铝粘土改性处理：将硅铝粘土进行焙烧处理，冷却后得到第一物料；
（2）制备载体前体：将第一物料、有机纤维短切丝和活性炭混合均匀，然后加入粘结组分和水，经混捏和成型处理后进一步在无氧条件下热处理，得到载体前体；
（3）将步骤（2）得到的载体前体与有机溶剂混合处理，得到第二物料；
（4）将步骤（3）得到的第二物料进料至氢氧化钠溶液中，混匀后进行水热处理，然后经冷却、洗涤和固液分离，最后将分离得到的固相物料进行干燥和焙烧得到复合载体。
本发明所述复合载体的制备方法中，步骤（1）所述硅铝粘土为颗粒度300～2000目的固体粉末状粘土，比表面积5～500m2/g，平均孔径3～25nm。其中，硅和铝以氧化物计的质量比为1～1.5:1（氧化硅：氧化铝），硅铝粘土中硅和铝组分含量为硅铝粘土总重量的80%以上。
本发明所述复合载体的制备方法中，步骤（1）中所述焙烧温度为600～1000℃，优选为800～900℃，焙烧时间为3～8小时。
本发明所述复合载体的制备方法中，步骤（2）中所述有机纤维短切丝为可被有机溶剂溶解的聚酯纤维、涤纶纤维、腈纶纤维、聚乙烯醇纤维中的一种或多种，所述有机纤维短切丝单丝直径9～65nm，长度2～5mm。
本发明所述复合载体的制备方法中，步骤（2）中所述活性炭为颗粒度150～300目的固体粉末，比表面积范围为500～3000m2/g，平均孔径范围为0.5～4.0nm，且1.5～3.5nm的孔所占的孔容为总孔容的90%以上。
本发明所述复合载体的制备方法中，步骤（2）中所述的粘结剂为无机粘结剂，可以为磷酸盐类粘结剂、硅酸盐类粘结剂中的一种或多种；其中所述磷酸盐类粘结剂可以选自三聚磷酸钠、焦磷酸钠、六偏磷酸钠、磷酸二氢钠、磷酸二氢铝和磷酸铝中的一种或多种，优选为三聚磷酸钠和/或磷酸二氢铝；所述硅酸盐类粘结剂选自硅酸钙、硅酸三钙、硅酸二钙、硅酸钠、硅酸铝中的一种或多种，优选为硅酸铝和/或硅酸钠。
本发明所述复合载体的制备方法中，步骤（2）中所述活性炭、粘结剂和硅铝粘土按质量比10～40：2～10：50～80混合，有机纤维短切丝质量为载体总质量的3～15%。
本发明所述复合载体的制备方法中，步骤（2）中所述成型可以根据需要选择本领域现有成型技术中的任一种，载体前体可以根据需要制成任意形状，如可以为三叶草形、条形、四叶草形、球形中的任意一种。
本发明所述复合载体的制备方法中，步骤（3）中所述有机溶剂可以为二氯甲烷、三氯甲烷、丙酮等中的一种或几种。
本发明所述复合载体的制备方法中，步骤（4）中所述氢氧化钠溶液浓度为7.5wt%～10wt%，氢氧化钠摩尔量与硅铝粘土中二氧化硅摩尔量的比值为3～3.4。
本发明所述复合载体的制备方法中，步骤（4）中所述水热处理时间为2～8小时，优选为3～6h，水热处理温度为80～180℃，优选为85～120℃。
本发明所述复合载体的制备方法中，步骤（4）中所述干燥时间为3～24h，优选为6～8h，干燥温度为50～100℃，优选为60～70℃。
本发明所述复合载体的制备方法中，步骤（4）中所述焙烧是在无氧气氛条件下进行，焙烧温度为500～1500℃，优选为600～800℃；焙烧时间为2～6h，优选为3～4h。
本发明第二方面提供一种采用上述制备方法得到的活性炭复合载体。
本发明所述复合载体中，所述复合载体包括活性炭、硅铝粘土、4A分子筛和无机粘结剂组分，所述4A分子筛相对结晶度为65～95，分布于复合载体的外表面，是由硅铝粘土碱液水热处理得到。
本发明所述复合载体中，以复合载体重量计，活性炭含量为10%～40%，优选为20%～30%；硅铝粘土含量为5%～60%，优选为15%～40%；4A分子筛含量为20%～45%，优选为30%～40%；无机粘结剂组分含量为2%～10%，优选为3%～7%。
本发明所述复合载体中，所述的复合载体包括三级孔道，且所述三级孔道由交联互通孔道彼此连通；其中第一级孔道的孔直径为0.1～1.5nm，第二级孔道的孔直径为1.5～5nm，第三级孔道的孔直径为5～50nm，其中孔直径为0.1～1.5nm的孔的孔容占总孔容的15%以上，优选为20%～30%，孔直径为1.5～5nm的孔的孔容占总孔容的25%以上，优选为35%～40%，孔直径为5～50nm的孔的孔容占总孔容的60%以下，优选为30%～40%。
本发明所述复合载体中，所述无机粘结剂组分为制备复合载体过程中使用的无机粘结剂，具体可以是为硅酸盐或磷酸盐的一种或多种。其中所述磷酸盐类粘结剂可以选自三聚磷酸钠、焦磷酸钠、六偏磷酸钠、磷酸二氢钠、磷酸二氢铝和磷酸铝中的一种或多种，优选为三聚磷酸钠和/或磷酸二氢铝；所述硅酸盐类粘结剂选自硅酸钙、硅酸三钙、硅酸二钙、硅酸钠、硅酸铝中的一种或多种，优选为硅酸铝和/或硅酸钠。
本发明提供的复合载体可以用于催化剂载体、挥发性有机污染物气体的吸附材料、废水中有机污染物的吸附材料和高级氧化反应的催化剂载体。
与现有技术相比，本发明所述活性炭复合载体制备方法具有如下优点：
1、本发明所述复合载体制备方法中，采用硅铝粘土承担复合载体中的结构支撑作用，活性炭起吸附和提供催化活性位点的作用，复合载体表面层包括由硅铝粘土转晶形成的4A分子筛，可以提高材料的快速吸附能力，增加了反应时表面反应物初始浓度，提高复合载体传质速率的作用。
2、本发明所述复合载体的制备方法中，采用氢氧化钠溶液水热处理使载体前体中的硅铝粘土转晶形成4A分子筛，形成0.1~1.5nm孔径的孔道结构。硅铝粘土中的大孔部分转晶形成微孔结构，使复合载体中微孔的比例大大增加，有利于有机物分子的快速吸附反应。同时，在制备载体前体时采用可被有机溶剂溶解的有机纤维短切丝与硅铝粘土、活性炭等混合，在于成型后的前驱体中预留下纤维丝的交联网状结构。采用有机溶剂溶解纤维丝时不会对载体的强度造成不利影响，并将复合载体内部的三级孔道彼此之间形成交联互通的孔道，将载体中的各种闭合孔连通起来，使有机污染物分子可以在载体内部任意传质，有效的促进了有机污染物的处理能力。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体的实施例来进一步说明本发明的制备方法，但是本发明的范围不只限于这些实施例的范围。
本发明实施例和比较例中，相对结晶度采用X射线衍射法（徐如人, 庞文琴等. 分子筛与多孔材料化学. 北京：科学出版社. 2014）得出，所述孔比例采用物理吸附数据得出。
实施例1
将硅铝粘土（二氧化硅质量分数56.1%，氧化铝质量分数42.2%）在800℃焙烧4h，称取325g与有机聚酯纤维短切丝55g、椰壳活性炭粉末（200目，比表面积1070m2/g，平均孔径3.86nm）150g在混捏机中混合均匀，然后再加入25 wt%的无机粘结剂硅酸钠100g继续混捏，加适量水混捏1h后挤条成圆柱形。成型后的物料在烘箱内110℃干燥4h，再在气氛炉中250℃氮气保护下焙烧3小时，得到前驱体颗粒。将前驱体浸泡在丙酮中12h，取出烘干。称取7.6g前驱体放入反应釜中，加入质量浓度8.1%的氢氧化钠溶液90.7g，烘箱中加热至150℃，恒温处理7小时；冷却至室温后使用蒸馏水进行洗涤，当pH为7.5时，过滤，将滤渣在80℃干燥8h，在800℃隔绝氧气焙烧3h，得到活性炭复合载体A1，所述复合载体的性质见表1。
实施例2
将硅铝粘土在（二氧化硅质量分数54.6%，氧化铝质量分数43.5%）800℃焙烧4h，称取250g与有机聚酯纤维短切丝65g、木质活性炭粉末（200目，比表面积840m2/g，平均孔径3.47nm）200g在混捏机中混合均匀，然后再加入30wt%的无机粘结剂硅酸钠167g继续混捏，加适量水混捏0.5h后挤条成三叶草形状。成型后的物料在烘箱内120℃干燥3h，在270℃隔绝空气焙烧3小时，得到前驱体。将前驱体浸泡在三氯甲烷中16h，取出烘干。称取7.3g前驱体放入反应釜中，加入质量浓度8.9%的氢氧化钠溶液85.0g，烘箱中加热至130℃，恒温处理5小时；冷却至室温后蒸馏水洗涤至pH为7.6，过滤，将滤渣在85℃干燥7h，在900℃氮气保护下焙烧3h，得到活性炭复合载体A2，所述复合载体的性质见表1。
实施例3
将硅铝粘土（二氧化硅质量分数55.0%，氧化铝质量分数40.9%）在800℃焙烧4h，称取220g与有机聚酯纤维短切丝16g、果壳活性炭粉末（300目，比表面积900m2/g，平均孔径2.48nm）92g在混捏机中混合均匀，然后再加入75 wt%的无机粘结剂磷酸二氢铝117g继续混捏，加适量水混捏1h后挤条成四叶草形状。成型后的物料在烘箱内100℃干燥5h，再在管事马弗炉中300℃氮气保护下焙烧4小时，得到前驱体颗粒。将前驱体浸泡在二氯甲烷中18h，取出烘干。称取8.5g前驱体放入反应釜中，加入质量浓度9.7%的氢氧化钠溶液86.4g，烘箱中加热至160℃，恒温处理8小时；冷却至室温后使用蒸馏水进行洗涤，当pH为7.3时，过滤，将滤渣在80℃干燥8h，在1000℃隔绝氧气焙烧3h，得到活性炭复合载体A3，所述复合载体的性质见表1。
实施例4
将硅铝粘土（二氧化硅质量分数47.6%，氧化铝质量分数43.8%）在800℃焙烧4h，称取260g与有机聚酯纤维短切丝20g、煤质活性炭粉末（300目，比表面积780m2/g，平均孔径4.36nm）132g在混捏机中混合均匀，然后再加入20 wt%的无机粘结剂硅酸钠40g继续混捏，加适量水混捏挤条成圆柱形。成型后的物料在烘箱内90℃干燥4h，再在气氛炉中320℃氮气保护下焙烧3小时，得到前驱体颗粒。将前驱体浸泡在丙酮中18h，取出烘干。称取9.0g前驱体放入反应釜中，加入质量浓度10.0%的氢氧化钠溶液84.1g，烘箱中加热至180℃，恒温处理7小时；冷却至室温后使用蒸馏水进行洗涤，当pH为7.8时，过滤，将滤渣在90℃干燥14h，在1000℃隔绝氧气焙烧3h，得到活性炭复合载体A4，所述复合载体的性质见表1。
表1 载体A1-A4性质
| 实施例 | 载体 | 相对结晶度 | 0.1~1.5nm孔比例，% | 1.5~5nm孔比例，% | 5~50nm孔比例，% |
| 1 | A1 | 82.2 | 26.9 | 42.0 | 31.1 |
| 2 | A2 | 69.6 | 15.4 | 55.1 | 29.5 |
| 3 | A3 | 92.6 | 36.2 | 32.2 | 31.6 |
| 4 | A4 | 94.4 | 40.7 | 41.6 | 17.7 |
对比例1
将椰壳活性炭粉末、硅铝粘土和磷酸二氢铝按照质量比25:67:8混合均匀，经混捏、成型和无氧条件下700℃焙烧制成含活性炭的复合载体DA1，性质见表2。
对比例2
将木质活性炭粉末、硅铝粘土、4A分子筛按照质量比30:40:30混合均匀,加入载体质量10%的有机粘结剂，经混捏、成型和氮气气氛下800℃焙烧制成含活性炭的复合载体DA2，性质见表2。
对比例3
将果壳活性炭粉末、900℃焙烧后的硅铝粘土和ZSM-5分子筛按照质量比20:40:40混合均匀，经混捏、成型和无氧条件下700℃焙烧制成含活性炭的复合载体DA3，性质见表2。
对比例4
将椰壳活性炭粉末、硅铝粘土和磷酸二氢铝按照质量比25:67:8混合均匀，经混捏、成型和无氧条件下900℃焙烧，称取8.0g该前驱体放入反应釜中，加入质量浓度9.8%的氢氧化钠溶液85.2g，烘箱中加热至150℃，恒温处理7小时；冷却至室温后使用蒸馏水进行洗涤，当pH为7.3时，过滤，将滤渣在90℃干燥14h，在700℃隔绝氧气焙烧4h，制成复合载体DA4，性质见表2。
表2 载体DA1-DA4性质
| 对比例 | 载体 | 分子筛含量，% | 0.1~1.5nm孔比例，% | 1.5~5nm孔比例，% | 5~100nm孔比例，% |
| 1 | DA1 | 0 | 0 | 19.2 | 80.8 |
| 2 | DA2 | 30 | 19.4 | 22.3 | 58.3 |
| 3 | DA3 | 40 | 31.6 | 19.2 | 49.2 |
| 4 | DA4 | 28 | 26.4 | 33.3 | 40.3 |
评价测试：将上述本发明制备的复合载体及其对比载体进行评价。
以初始COD均值为111.6mg/L的苯酚溶液作为模拟废水，将实施例与对比实施例制备的载体装填于管式鼓泡反应器中，载体底部设置曝气头，以臭氧为氧化剂，对模拟废水进行间歇式处理。
处理条件为室温常压，载体用量10g，废水200mL，臭氧浓度22.8 mg/L，处理时间30min，处理结果列于表3。
表3 载体评价结果
| 催化剂 | A1 | A2 | A3 | A4 | DA1 | DA2 | DA3 | DA4 |
| COD去除率，% | 73.2 | 70.6 | 75.3 | 71.1 | 48.6 | 49.5 | 53.6 | 56.1 |
Claims (24)
1.一种活性炭复合载体的制备方法，所述制备方法包括如下内容：
（1）硅铝粘土改性处理：将硅铝粘土进行焙烧处理，冷却后得到第一物料；
（2）制备载体前体：将第一物料、有机纤维短切丝和活性炭混合均匀，然后加入粘结组分和水，经混捏和成型处理后进一步在无氧条件下热处理，得到载体前体；有机纤维短切丝为可被有机溶剂溶解的聚酯纤维、涤纶纤维、腈纶纤维、聚乙烯醇纤维中的一种或多种；
（3）将步骤（2）得到的载体前体与有机溶剂混合处理，得到第二物料；
（4）将步骤（3）得到的第二物料进料至氢氧化钠溶液中，混匀后进行水热处理，然后经冷却、洗涤和固液分离，最后将分离得到的固相物料进行干燥和焙烧得到复合载体。
2.按照权利要求1所述复合载体的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤（1）所述硅铝粘土为颗粒度300～2000目的固体粉末状粘土，比表面积5～500m2/g，平均孔径3～25nm。
3.按照权利要求1所述复合载体的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤（1）中焙烧温度为600～1000℃。
4.按照权利要求1或3所述复合载体的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤（1）中焙烧温度为800～900℃。
5.按照权利要求1所述复合载体的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤（2）中有机纤维短切丝单丝直径9～65nm，长度2～5mm。
6.按照权利要求1所述复合载体的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤（2）中所述活性炭为颗粒度150～300目的固体粉末，比表面积范围为500～3000m2/g，平均孔径范围为0.5～4.0nm，且1.5～3.5nm的孔所占的孔容为总孔容的90%以上。
7.按照权利要求1所述复合载体的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤（2）中所述的粘结剂为无机粘结剂。
8.按照权利要求1或7所述复合载体的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤（2）中所述的粘结剂为磷酸盐类粘结剂、硅酸盐类粘结剂中的一种或多种；其中所述磷酸盐类粘结剂选自三聚磷酸钠、焦磷酸钠、六偏磷酸钠、磷酸二氢钠、磷酸二氢铝和磷酸铝中的一种或多种；所述硅酸盐类粘结剂选自硅酸钙、硅酸三钙、硅酸二钙、硅酸钠、硅酸铝中的一种或多种。
9.按照权利要求8所述复合载体的制备方法，其特征在于：磷酸盐类粘结剂为三聚磷酸钠和/或磷酸二氢铝；硅酸盐类粘结剂为硅酸铝和/或硅酸钠。
10.按照权利要求1所述复合载体的制备方法，其特征在于：活性炭、粘结剂和硅铝粘土按质量比10～40：2～10：50～80混合，有机纤维短切丝质量为载体总质量的3～15%。
11.按照权利要求1所述复合载体的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤（3）中有机溶剂为二氯甲烷、三氯甲烷、丙酮中的一种或几种。
12.按照权利要求1所述复合载体的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤（4）中氢氧化钠溶液浓度为7.5wt%～10wt%，氢氧化钠摩尔量与硅铝粘土中二氧化硅摩尔量的比值为3～3.4。
13.按照权利要求1所述复合载体的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤（4）中水热处理时间为2～8h，水热处理温度为80～180℃。
14.按照权利要求1或13所述复合载体的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤（4）中水热处理时间为3～6h，水热处理温度为85～120℃。
15.按照权利要求1所述复合载体的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤（4）中干燥时间为3～24h，干燥温度为50～100℃。
16.按照权利要求1或15所述复合载体的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤（4）中干燥时间为6～8h，干燥温度为60～70℃。
17.按照权利要求1所述复合载体的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤（4）中焙烧是在无氧气氛条件下进行，焙烧温度为500～1500℃。
18.按照权利要求1或17所述复合载体的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤（4）中焙烧是在无氧气氛条件下进行，焙烧温度为600～800℃。
19.一种采用权利要求1-18中任一权利要求所述的制备方法得到的活性炭复合载体。
20.按照权利要求19所述的活性炭复合载体，其特征在于：活性炭复合载体包括活性炭、硅铝粘土、4A分子筛和无机粘结剂组分，所述4A分子筛相对结晶度为65～95，分布于复合载体的外表面，是由硅铝粘土碱液水热处理得到。
21.按照权利要求20所述的活性炭复合载体，其特征在于：以活性炭复合载体重量计，活性炭含量为10%～40%，硅铝粘土含量为5%～60%， 4A分子筛含量为20%～45%，无机粘结剂组分含量为2%～10%。
22.按照权利要求20或21所述的活性炭复合载体，其特征在于：以活性炭复合载体重量计，活性炭含量为20%～30%，硅铝粘土含量为15%～40%，4A分子筛含量为30%～40%，无机粘结剂组分含量为3%～7%。
23.按照权利要求20所述的活性炭复合载体，其特征在于：活性炭复合载体包括三级孔道，且所述三级孔道由交联互通孔道彼此连通；其中第一级孔道的孔直径为0.1～1.5nm，第二级孔道的孔直径为1.5～5nm，第三级孔道的孔直径为5～50nm，其中孔直径为0.1～1.5nm的孔的孔容占总孔容的15%以上，孔直径为1.5～5nm的孔的孔容占总孔容的25%以上，孔直径为5～50nm的孔的孔容占总孔容的60%以下。
24.按照权利要求20或23所述的活性炭复合载体，其特征在于：活性炭复合载体包括三级孔道，且所述三级孔道由交联互通孔道彼此连通；其中第一级孔道的孔直径为0.1～1.5nm，第二级孔道的孔直径为1.5～5nm，第三级孔道的孔直径为5～50nm，其中孔直径为0.1～1.5nm的孔的孔容占总孔容的20%～30%，孔直径为1.5～5nm的孔的孔容占总孔容的35%～40%，孔直径为5～50nm的孔的孔容占总孔容的30%～40%。
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Effective date of registration: 20231116 Address after: 100728 No. 22 North Main Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, Chaoyangmen Patentee after: CHINA PETROLEUM & CHEMICAL Corp. Patentee after: Sinopec (Dalian) Petrochemical Research Institute Co.,Ltd. Address before: 100728 No. 22 North Main Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, Chaoyangmen Patentee before: CHINA PETROLEUM & CHEMICAL Corp. Patentee before: DALIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF PETROLEUM AND PETROCHEMICALS, SINOPEC Corp. |