CN113117268B - Device for detecting cavitation effect and ultrasonic treatment equipment - Google Patents
Device for detecting cavitation effect and ultrasonic treatment equipment Download PDFInfo
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- 238000002604 ultrasonography Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
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Abstract
The present disclosure provides a method for detecting cavitation effects, comprising: for each preset time period, controlling the focusing transducer to emit detection signals to the focus area at a plurality of moments in the preset time period; acquiring echo information received by the focusing transducer in the preset time period, wherein the echo information corresponding to the preset time period comprises echo signals corresponding to detection signals generated by reflection of the focus area and corresponding to each moment in the preset time period; generating echo characteristic information corresponding to each moment in the preset time period according to the echo signals corresponding to each moment in the preset time period; and detecting whether cavitation effect is generated in the focal region or not at least according to echo characteristic information corresponding to each moment in the preset time period. The present disclosure also provides an apparatus for detecting cavitation effects and an ultrasound therapy device.
Description
Technical Field
The embodiment of the disclosure relates to the technical field of ultrasonic treatment, in particular to a method and a device for detecting cavitation effect and ultrasonic treatment equipment.
Background
At present, the high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) treatment technology mainly focuses ultrasonic waves at a small focal region in a human body, and forms high-intensity continuous ultrasonic energy on tissues (pathological tissues and target tissues) corresponding to the focal region, so that transient high-temperature effects, cavitation effects, mechanical effects and acoustic effects are generated, cell membranes and nuclear membranes are broken, proteins are solidified, and then the tissues of the focal region can be selectively subjected to coagulation necrosis, so that the tissues of the focal region lose proliferation, infiltration and transfer capacity, and the treatment effect is achieved. High-intensity focused ultrasound therapy has gained clinical acceptance as a new technique for treating tumors and other diseases, and is widely used clinically for the treatment of various tumor and non-tumor diseases.
Cavitation is an important factor affecting the therapeutic outcome under the action of high intensity ultrasound. In the treatment process, when cavitation is generated at the focus area, uncontrollable diffusion of the focal spot can be generated, the treatment accuracy is affected, and the sound shielding effect generated by cavitation bubbles can influence sound beam aggregation, so that the damage becomes wider and moves towards the direction of the transducer, and the damage shape is changed. Thus, the uncontrollable and destructive nature of cavitation determines the importance of cavitation detection during HIFU therapy. However, an effective cavitation effect detection method is lacked in the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the disclosure provides a method and a device for detecting cavitation effect and ultrasonic treatment equipment, which can effectively detect cavitation effect generated in the HIFU treatment process.
In a first aspect, embodiments of the present disclosure provide a method for detecting cavitation effects, comprising:
for each preset time period, controlling a focusing transducer to emit detection signals to a focus area at a plurality of moments in the preset time period, wherein each moment emits the detection signals once, the detection signals are focusing pulse signals with N periods, N is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 3, and the preset time period is a time period from the ending moment of a current HIFU treatment round to the starting moment of a next HIFU treatment round;
acquiring echo information received by the focusing transducer in the preset time period, wherein the echo information corresponding to the preset time period comprises echo signals corresponding to detection signals generated by reflection of the focus area and corresponding to each moment in the preset time period;
generating echo characteristic information corresponding to each moment in the preset time period according to the echo signals corresponding to each moment in the preset time period;
and detecting whether cavitation effect is generated in the focal region or not at least according to echo characteristic information corresponding to each moment in the preset time period.
In some embodiments, the generating echo characteristic information corresponding to each time in the preset time period according to the echo signal corresponding to each time in the preset time period includes:
and acquiring the echo amplitude of the echo signal from the echo signal corresponding to the moment in the preset time period, wherein the echo characteristic information corresponding to the moment comprises the echo amplitude of the echo signal corresponding to the moment.
In some embodiments, the detecting whether cavitation is generated in the focal region at least according to the echo characteristic information corresponding to each moment in the preset time period includes:
generating an echo amplitude curve corresponding to the preset time period according to the echo amplitude corresponding to each moment in the preset time period;
determining the corresponding slope of every two adjacent moments in the echo amplitude curve;
and detecting that cavitation effect is generated in the focal region when the slope is larger than a preset slope threshold.
In some embodiments. For each preset time period, the time interval of each adjacent two times may range from 50 microseconds to 400 microseconds among the times within the preset time period.
In some embodiments, the method further comprises:
before the first HIFU treatment round starts, controlling the focusing transducer to emit an initial detection signal to a focus area, wherein the initial detection signal is an initial focusing pulse signal with N periods, and N is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 3;
acquiring initial echo information received by the focusing transducer before a first HIFU treatment round starts, wherein the initial echo information comprises initial echo signals corresponding to the initial detection signals generated by reflection of the focal area before the first HIFU treatment round starts;
generating initial echo characteristic information according to the initial echo signal;
detecting whether cavitation is generated in the focal region according to at least echo characteristic information corresponding to each moment in the preset time period, including: and detecting whether cavitation effect is generated in the focal region according to the initial echo characteristic information and echo characteristic information corresponding to each moment in all preset time periods.
In a second aspect, embodiments of the present disclosure provide an apparatus for detecting cavitation effects, comprising:
the control unit is used for controlling the focusing transducer to emit detection signals to the focal region at a plurality of moments in the preset time period for each preset time period, wherein the detection signals are focusing pulse signals with N periods, N is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 3, and the preset time period is a time period from the ending moment of the current HIFU treatment round to the starting moment of the next HIFU treatment round;
The acquisition unit is used for acquiring echo information received by the focusing transducer in the preset time period, and the echo information corresponding to the preset time period comprises echo signals corresponding to detection signals generated by reflection of the focus area and corresponding to each moment in the preset time period;
the generating unit is used for generating echo characteristic information corresponding to each moment in the preset time period according to the echo signals corresponding to each moment in the preset time period;
the detection unit is used for detecting whether cavitation effect is generated in the focal region or not at least according to echo characteristic information corresponding to each moment in the preset time period.
In some embodiments, the generating unit is specifically configured to obtain, for each time in the preset time period, an echo amplitude of the echo signal from an echo signal corresponding to the time, where the echo characteristic information corresponding to the time includes the echo amplitude of the echo signal corresponding to the time.
In some embodiments, the detection unit is specifically configured to generate an echo amplitude curve corresponding to the preset time period according to an echo amplitude corresponding to each moment in the preset time period; determining the corresponding slope of every two adjacent moments in the echo amplitude curve; and detecting that cavitation effect is generated in the focal region when the slope is larger than a preset slope threshold.
In some embodiments, the control unit is further configured to control the focusing transducer to transmit an initial detection signal to the focal region before a first HIFU therapy session begins, where the initial detection signal is an initial focusing pulse signal of N periods, 1+.n+.3;
the acquisition unit is further configured to acquire initial echo information received by the focusing transducer before a first HIFU treatment cycle begins, where the initial echo information includes an initial echo signal corresponding to the initial detection signal generated by reflection through the focal region before the first HIFU treatment cycle begins;
the generating unit is further used for generating initial echo characteristic information according to the initial echo signal;
the detection unit is specifically configured to detect whether a cavitation effect is generated in the focal region according to the initial echo characteristic information and echo characteristic information corresponding to each moment in all preset time periods.
In a third aspect, embodiments of the present disclosure provide an ultrasound therapy device comprising: a focusing transducer and means for detecting cavitation effects, the means comprising the means provided by any of the embodiments described above.
In the method and the device for detecting cavitation effect and the ultrasonic treatment equipment provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure, for each HIFU treatment round gap (preset time period), echo characteristic information corresponding to an echo signal generated by reflection via a focal region at each time in the HIFU treatment round gap is detected, and whether cavitation effect is generated in the focal region is detected based at least on the echo characteristic information corresponding to each time in the HIFU treatment round gap. In this embodiment, by analyzing the echo characteristic information of the echo signal generated by reflection in the focal region at each time in the HIFU treatment round gap, the cavitation effect generated in the focal region during HIFU treatment can be effectively and accurately detected, thereby being helpful for doctors to effectively take countermeasures in time.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for detecting cavitation effects provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of one embodiment of step 13 of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of one embodiment of step 14 of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a flow chart of another embodiment of step 14 of FIG. 1;
FIG. 5 is a flow chart of another method for detecting cavitation effects provided by embodiments of the present disclosure;
FIG. 6 is a block diagram of an apparatus for detecting cavitation according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 7 is a block diagram of an ultrasonic treatment apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
Detailed Description
In order to better understand the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present disclosure, the following describes in detail the method and apparatus for detecting cavitation effect and the ultrasonic treatment device provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example embodiments will be described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings, but may be embodied in various forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art.
The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the disclosure. As used herein, the singular forms "a," "an," and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising," when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof.
It will be understood that, although the terms first, second, etc. may be used herein to describe various elements/structures, these elements/structures should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element/structure from another element/structure.
Unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. It will be further understood that terms, such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context of the relevant art and the present disclosure, and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein.
In embodiments of the present disclosure, a HIFU treatment procedure generally includes a plurality of HIFU treatment passes, in each of which a focused ultrasound signal is continuously transmitted to tissue within a focal region, typically with a focusing transducer, and continuous ultrasound waves (focused ultrasound signals) are focused at the focal region, creating a thermal effect, thereby achieving a therapeutic effect. In the HIFU treatment process, cavitation is easily generated in the focal region due to the focusing of high-intensity ultrasonic energy.
In order to effectively detect cavitation effects generated during HIFU treatment, embodiments of the present disclosure provide a method for detecting cavitation effects, in which a focusing transducer is used to transmit a focusing pulse signal to a focal region in a HIFU treatment round gap, and when cavitation effects are generated in the focal region, the presence of cavitation bubbles will significantly enhance a signal reflected by the focal region, so that cavitation effects generated in the focal region during HIFU treatment can be effectively reflected by analyzing echo signals generated by reflection in the focal region.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a method for detecting cavitation effect according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, as shown in fig. 1, the method includes:
Step 11, for each preset time period, controlling the focusing transducer to emit detection signals to the focus area at a plurality of moments within the preset time period.
In the embodiments of the present disclosure, the focusing transducer is used as a HIFU therapy device, which is capable of continuously transmitting a focused ultrasound signal, which can be used as a therapy signal, which is also capable of transmitting a focused pulse signal, which can be used as a detection signal for detecting cavitation effects, and which has an energy of the focused pulse signal used as the detection signal that is much lower than an energy of the focused ultrasound signal used as the therapy signal. The device is used for enabling the tissue in the focus area to generate coagulation necrosis when receiving a treatment signal so that the tissue in the focus area can be treated, and the tissue cannot change when receiving a detection signal so as to avoid affecting the treatment effect and ensure the detection safety.
In the disclosed embodiment, the detection signal(s) is/are transmitted once per instant, i.e. in step 11, the focusing transducer is controlled to transmit one (secondary) detection signal to the focal region for each preset time period for each instant in the preset time period. The detection signal transmitted each time is a focusing pulse signal with N periods, N is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 3, and the preset time period is a time period from the ending time of the current HIFU treatment round to the starting time of the next HIFU treatment round.
Because the detection signal is emitted in the gap (i.e. the preset time period) of the HIFU treatment round, the detection signal can be completely distinguished from the treatment signal emitted by the focusing transducer in the HIFU treatment round, so that the interference of the treatment signal on cavitation detection is avoided.
In the embodiment of the present disclosure, for each preset time period, among a plurality of time instants within the preset time period, a time interval of each adjacent two time instants may range from 50 microseconds (us) to 400 microseconds (us), for example, a time interval of each adjacent two time instants is 250 microseconds (us). And step 12, acquiring echo information received by the focusing transducer in the preset time period, wherein the echo information corresponding to the preset time period comprises echo signals corresponding to detection signals generated by reflection of the focus area and corresponding to each moment in the preset time period.
In the embodiment of the disclosure, after the detection signal propagates to the focal region, the detection signal is reflected by tissues and the like in the focal region to generate a corresponding echo signal, and the focusing transducer is a focusing transducer integrating transmission and reception, so that the echo signal generated by reflection of the focal region can be received by the focusing transducer, and meanwhile, after the detection signal is transmitted each time, the focusing transducer can also receive signals with other frequencies and noise signals, wherein the signals with other frequencies are signals with different frequencies from the detection signal.
In step 12, for each preset time period, after the focusing transducer receives the echo information, the echo information received by the focusing transducer in the preset time period is acquired. For each preset time period, the echo information corresponding to the preset time period comprises echo signals corresponding to detection signals generated by reflection of the focal region and corresponding to each moment in the preset time period. It will be appreciated that, since the detection signal is transmitted once at each time instant, the echo information includes one echo signal corresponding to each time instant within the preset time period. In addition, the echo information further includes signals and noise signals of other frequencies generated by reflection and scattering of the focus area, the signals and noise signals of other frequencies can be filtered through signal processing algorithms such as filtering and noise reduction, and the echo signals corresponding to each detection signal generated by reflection of the focus area in the echo information are only focused on, wherein the frequency of the echo signal corresponding to the detection signal is the same as the frequency of the detection signal.
In the embodiment of the present disclosure, since the detection signal is transmitted in the gap of the HIFU treatment round, the echo information acquired in step 12 can be completely distinguished from the treatment signal (focused ultrasound signal) transmitted by the focusing transducer in the HIFU treatment round, and the detection signal is a focused pulse signal of N periods, whose nonlinear effect is weak, so that no higher harmonics are substantially generated, so that the echo information acquired in step 12 also contains substantially no higher harmonic signal, but only an echo signal corresponding to the detection signal generated by reflection via the focal region.
And 13, generating echo characteristic information corresponding to each moment in the preset time period according to the echo signals corresponding to each moment in the preset time period.
As described above, the detection signal is transmitted once per time in the preset period for each preset period, and thus, the echo signal generated by reflection via the focal region corresponding to each time is one.
Fig. 2 is a flowchart of a specific implementation of step 13 in fig. 1, and in some embodiments, in a case where the detection signal is transmitted once at each time, as shown in fig. 2, step 13 includes: step 131a, for each time within the preset time period, acquiring an echo amplitude of the echo signal from the echo signal corresponding to the time, where the echo characteristic information corresponding to the time includes the echo amplitude of the echo signal corresponding to the time.
In step 131a, for each time within the preset time period, signal processing is performed on the echo signal corresponding to the time, so as to extract the echo amplitude corresponding to the echo signal from the echo signal corresponding to the time. Therefore, the echo amplitude corresponding to each moment in the preset time period can be obtained, and the echo characteristic information corresponding to each moment in the preset time period is obtained.
And step 14, detecting whether cavitation effect is generated in the focal region or not at least according to echo characteristic information corresponding to each moment in the preset time period.
In the embodiment of the disclosure, during HIFU treatment, when cavitation is generated near or in the tissue of the focal region, a strong reflection is generated when the detection signal propagates to the cavitation bubbles, so that the echo signal received by the focusing transducer is significantly changed compared with the echo signal received when cavitation is not generated. Therefore, in the embodiment of the disclosure, for each preset time period, after the echo signal corresponding to each time of the focusing transducer in the preset time period is acquired, whether cavitation effect is generated in the focal region is detected by analyzing the echo signal corresponding to each time in the preset time period.
Specifically, by analyzing the echo signal corresponding to each time in the preset time period, echo characteristic information corresponding to each time in the preset time period is obtained, and the echo characteristic information can be used for representing the situation of the echo signal generated by reflection of the focal region corresponding to each time in the preset time period.
Therefore, in step 14, it is detected whether cavitation is generated in the focal zone based at least on the echo characteristic information corresponding to each time in the preset time period.
In some embodiments, according to the echo characteristic information corresponding to each moment in the preset time period, determining the change condition of the echo characteristic information in the preset time period, and then detecting whether cavitation effect is generated in the focal region according to the change condition of the echo characteristic information in the preset time period. For example, when the echo characteristic information is obviously enhanced after a certain time, the echo signal generated by reflection of the focal region is obviously enhanced, so that cavitation effect in the focal region can be detected.
Fig. 3 is a flowchart of a specific implementation of step 14 in fig. 1, and as shown in fig. 3, in some embodiments, in a case where the detection signal is transmitted once at each time, in a case where step 13 includes step 131a, step 14 may include:
step 141a, generating an echo amplitude curve corresponding to the preset time period according to the echo amplitude corresponding to each moment in the preset time period.
For example, in step 141a, an echo amplitude curve of the echo amplitude in the preset time period that varies with time may be drawn in a two-dimensional coordinate system based on the echo amplitude corresponding to each time in the preset time period by using a preset fitting curve model, where the abscissa represents each time in the preset time period and the ordinate represents the echo amplitude corresponding to each time in the preset time period.
Step 141b, determining the slopes corresponding to every two adjacent moments in the echo amplitude curve.
In step 141b, for each two adjacent moments, according to the ratio of the difference value of the echo amplitude values corresponding to the two adjacent moments and the difference value of the two adjacent moments, a slope corresponding to the two adjacent moments is calculated, where the slope can reflect the change condition of the echo amplitude value of each moment.
Step 141c, detecting that cavitation is generated in the focal region when the slope is greater than a preset slope threshold.
Before and after cavitation effect is generated, the change of the echo signal can be reflected in the change of the amplitude of the echo signal, namely, the amplitude of the echo signal received by the focusing transducer is obviously larger when cavitation effect is generated compared with the amplitude of the echo signal received by the focusing transducer when cavitation effect is not generated. Therefore, in some embodiments, for each preset time period, the echo amplitude corresponding to each moment in the preset time period can be obtained, and based on the echo amplitude corresponding to each moment in the preset time period, the change condition of the echo amplitude of the focal region can be analyzed, so that cavitation effect generated in the focal region in the HIFU treatment process can be effectively and accurately detected, and further, doctors can effectively take countermeasures timely.
Specifically, in some embodiments, by constructing an echo amplitude curve corresponding to the preset time period and calculating slopes corresponding to every two adjacent times in the echo amplitude curve, the echo amplitude curve can reflect the change condition of the echo amplitude detected in the preset time period, and the slopes corresponding to every two adjacent times in the echo amplitude curve can effectively reflect the change condition of the echo amplitude at each time, so whether cavitation effect is generated in the focal region can be detected by judging whether the slopes corresponding to every two adjacent times are greater than a preset slope threshold.
In step 141c, when the slope corresponding to two adjacent moments is detected to be greater than the preset slope threshold, it indicates that the echo amplitude is significantly increased from one moment to the other moment of the two adjacent moments, so that it is known that the echo signal generated by reflection in the focal region is significantly enhanced, and further the cavitation effect generated in the focal region is detected. The preset slope threshold may be set according to actual needs, for example, may be set to a value greater than 0.
And when the slope corresponding to the two adjacent moments is detected to be smaller than or equal to the preset slope threshold, the condition that the echo amplitude is unchanged or slightly reduced from one moment to the other moment in the two adjacent moments is indicated, namely the intensity of an echo signal generated by reflection of the focus area is unchanged or slightly reduced, so that no cavitation effect is generated in the focus area is detected.
As can be seen from the description of the steps 141a to 141c, the detection method of the cavitation effect is to detect, for each preset time period, based on the echo amplitude corresponding to each moment in the preset time period, that is, after the echo amplitude corresponding to each moment in the preset time period is obtained, the cavitation condition in the focal region can be analyzed and detected, so that the analysis and detection of the cavitation condition in the focal region can be performed after each HIFU treatment round is completed. In some embodiments, after the echo amplitude values corresponding to each moment in all the preset time periods are obtained, the analysis and detection of the cavitation condition in the focal region may be performed, that is, after the whole HIFU treatment process is finished, the analysis and detection of the cavitation condition in the focal region may be performed.
Fig. 4 is a flowchart of another implementation of step 14 in fig. 1, as shown in fig. 4, in some embodiments, in a case where the detection signal is transmitted once at each time, where step 13 includes step 131a, step 14 may include:
step 142a, generating echo amplitude curves corresponding to all preset time periods according to the echo amplitudes corresponding to each moment in all preset time periods.
For example, in step 142a, an echo amplitude curve of the echo amplitude varying with time in all preset time periods may be drawn in a two-dimensional coordinate system based on the echo amplitude corresponding to each time in all preset time periods by using a preset fitting curve model, where the abscissa represents each time in all preset time periods and the ordinate represents the echo amplitude corresponding to each time in all preset time periods.
Step 142b, determining the slopes corresponding to every two adjacent moments in the echo amplitude curve.
In step 142b, for each two adjacent moments, according to the ratio of the difference value of the echo amplitude values corresponding to the two adjacent moments and the difference value of the two adjacent moments, the slope corresponding to the two adjacent moments is calculated, and the slope can reflect the change condition of the echo amplitude value of each moment.
And 142c, detecting that cavitation effect is generated in the focus area when the slope is larger than a preset slope threshold.
Before and after cavitation effect is generated, the change of the echo signal can be reflected in the change of the amplitude of the echo signal, namely, the amplitude of the echo signal received by the focusing transducer is obviously larger when cavitation effect is generated compared with the amplitude of the echo signal received by the focusing transducer when cavitation effect is not generated. Therefore, in some embodiments, the change condition of the echo amplitude of the focal region can be analyzed based on the echo amplitude corresponding to each time in all preset time periods by acquiring the echo amplitude corresponding to each time in all preset time periods, so that cavitation effect generated in the focal region in the HIFU treatment process can be effectively and accurately detected, and further, doctors can effectively take countermeasures in time.
Specifically, in some embodiments, by constructing echo amplitude curves corresponding to all preset time periods and calculating slopes corresponding to every two adjacent times in the echo amplitude curves, the echo amplitude curves can reflect changes of echo amplitudes detected in all preset time periods, and the slopes corresponding to every two adjacent times in the echo amplitude curves can effectively reflect changes of echo amplitudes at each time, so that whether cavitation effect occurs in a focal region can be detected by judging whether the slopes corresponding to every two adjacent times are greater than a preset slope threshold.
In step 142c, when the slope corresponding to two adjacent moments is detected to be greater than the preset slope threshold, it indicates that the echo amplitude is significantly increased from one moment to the other moment of the two adjacent moments, so that it is known that the echo signal generated by reflection in the focal region is significantly enhanced, and further the cavitation effect generated in the focal region is detected. The preset slope threshold may be set according to actual needs, for example, the preset slope threshold may be set to a value greater than 0.
And when the slope corresponding to the two adjacent moments is detected to be smaller than or equal to the preset slope threshold, the condition that the echo amplitude is unchanged or slightly reduced from one moment to the other moment in the two adjacent moments is indicated, namely the intensity of an echo signal generated by reflection of the focus area is unchanged or slightly reduced, so that no cavitation effect is generated in the focus area is detected.
Fig. 5 is a flowchart of another method for detecting cavitation according to the embodiment of the present disclosure, as shown in fig. 5, which is different from the embodiment shown in fig. 1 described above in that, before step 11, the method further includes: steps 101 to 103.
Step 101, before the first HIFU treatment cycle starts, controlling the focusing transducer to transmit an initial detection signal to the focal region.
In step 101, the focusing transducer is controlled to transmit an initial detection signal to the focal region before the beginning of a first HIFU treatment cycle, i.e. before the beginning of HIFU treatment. Since the initial detection signal is transmitted before the beginning of the first HIFU treatment session, no interference is caused to the treatment signal during the treatment. In order to avoid influencing the treatment effect, the initial detection signal can be an initial focusing pulse signal with low energy and N periods, wherein N is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 3, so that the treatment effect can not be generated when the initial detection signal is emitted to the focal region.
In some embodiments, the number of transmissions of the initial detection signal may be 1 before the first HIFU treatment session begins.
Step 102, acquiring initial echo information received by a focusing transducer before a first HIFU treatment cycle begins, wherein the initial echo information includes an initial echo signal corresponding to an initial detection signal generated by reflection from a focal region before the first HIFU treatment cycle begins.
In step 102, after the initial detection signal propagates to the focal region, the initial detection signal is reflected by the tissue in the focal region, and a corresponding initial echo signal is generated, and the focusing transducer is a focusing transducer integrating the transmission and the reception, so that the initial echo signal reflected by the focal region can be received by the focusing transducer, and after the initial detection signal is transmitted each time, the focusing transducer can also receive signals with other frequencies and noise signals, where the signals with other frequencies are signals with frequencies different from those of the initial detection signal.
In step 102, after the initial echo signal is received by the focusing transducer before the beginning of the first HIFU therapy session, initial echo information received by the focusing transducer before the beginning of the first HIFU therapy session is acquired. Wherein the initial echo information includes an initial echo signal corresponding to an initial detection signal generated via reflection from the focal region prior to the beginning of the first HIFU therapy session. It will be appreciated that since the initial detection signal is transmitted once before the beginning of the first HIFU treatment cycle, the initial echo information includes an initial echo signal. In addition, the initial echo information further includes signals and noise signals of other frequencies generated by reflection and scattering of the focal region, and the signals and noise of other frequencies can be filtered through signal processing algorithms such as filtering and noise reduction.
Since the initial detection signal is transmitted before the HIFU treatment is started, the initial echo information acquired in step 102 can be completely distinguished from the treatment signal (focused ultrasound signal) transmitted by the focusing transducer during the HIFU treatment and the detection signal, and the initial detection signal is a focusing pulse signal of N periods, which has a weak nonlinear effect and thus generates substantially no higher harmonics, so that the initial echo information acquired in step 102 also contains substantially no higher harmonic signal, but only the initial echo signal corresponding to the initial detection signal generated by reflection through the focal region.
Without the focusing of high intensity ultrasound energy prior to the initiation of HIFU therapy, the focal region does not produce cavitation, and therefore, in some embodiments, the initial echo signal acquired at step 102 may serve as baseline data for the lack of cavitation, which may serve as an effective factor in assessing cavitation.
Step 103, generating initial echo characteristic information according to the initial echo signal.
In some embodiments, the initial detection signal(s) is transmitted once before the beginning of the first HIFU therapy session, and accordingly, the initial echo signal generated via reflection from the focal region before the beginning of the first HIFU therapy session is one. In this case, step 103 includes: and acquiring an initial echo amplitude of the initial echo signal from the initial echo signal, wherein the initial echo characteristic information comprises the initial echo amplitude.
In the embodiment shown in fig. 5, step 14 specifically includes: and detecting whether cavitation effect is generated in the focal region according to the initial echo characteristic information and the echo characteristic information corresponding to each moment in all preset time periods.
In some embodiments, where the initial echo characteristic information includes an initial echo amplitude of the initial echo signal and the step 13 includes the step 131a, the step 14 may include steps 145a to 145c described below. Step 145a, generating an echo amplitude curve according to the initial echo amplitude and the echo amplitude corresponding to each moment in all the preset time periods.
For example, in step 145a, an echo amplitude curve of the echo amplitude over time for all preset time periods may be drawn in a two-dimensional coordinate system based on the initial echo amplitude and the echo amplitude corresponding to each time instant in all preset time periods by using a preset fitting curve model, where the abscissa indicates the time instant before the beginning of the first HIFU treatment round and each time instant in all preset time periods, and the ordinate indicates the initial echo amplitude corresponding to the beginning of the first HIFU treatment round and the echo amplitude corresponding to each time instant in all preset time periods.
Step 145b, determining the slopes corresponding to every two adjacent moments in the echo amplitude curve.
In step 145b, for each two adjacent moments, according to the ratio of the difference value of the echo amplitude values corresponding to the two adjacent moments and the difference value of the two adjacent moments, a slope corresponding to the two adjacent moments is calculated, where the slope can reflect the change condition of the echo amplitude value of each moment.
And 145c, detecting that cavitation effect is generated in the focus area when the slope is larger than a preset slope threshold.
Before and after cavitation effect is generated, the change of the echo signal can be reflected in the change of the amplitude of the echo signal, namely, the amplitude of the echo signal received by the focusing transducer is obviously larger when cavitation effect is generated compared with the amplitude of the echo signal received by the focusing transducer when cavitation effect is not generated. Therefore, in some embodiments, by acquiring the initial echo amplitude before the first HIFU treatment round and the echo amplitude corresponding to each moment in all preset time periods, the change condition of the echo amplitude of the focal region can be analyzed based on the initial echo amplitude and the echo amplitude corresponding to each moment in all preset time periods, so that cavitation effect generated in the focal region during HIFU treatment can be effectively and accurately detected, and a doctor can be helped to effectively take countermeasures in time.
Specifically, in some embodiments, by constructing an echo amplitude curve corresponding to all preset time periods before the first HIFU treatment round, and calculating the slopes corresponding to every two adjacent times in the echo amplitude curve, the echo amplitude curve can reflect the change situation of the echo amplitude detected before the first HIFU treatment round and in all preset time periods, and the slopes corresponding to every two adjacent times in the echo amplitude curve can effectively reflect the change situation of the echo amplitude at each time, so whether cavitation effect is generated in the focal region can be detected by judging whether the slopes corresponding to every two adjacent times are greater than a preset slope threshold.
In step 145c, when the slope corresponding to two adjacent moments is detected to be greater than the preset slope threshold, it indicates that the echo amplitude is significantly increased from one moment to the other moment of the two adjacent moments, so that it is known that the echo signal generated by reflection in the focal region is significantly enhanced, and further the cavitation effect generated in the focal region is detected. The preset slope threshold may be set according to actual needs, for example, the preset slope threshold may be set to a value greater than 0.
And when the slope corresponding to the two adjacent moments is detected to be smaller than or equal to the preset slope threshold, the condition that the echo amplitude is unchanged or slightly reduced from one moment to the other moment in the two adjacent moments is indicated, namely the intensity of an echo signal generated by reflection of the focus area is unchanged or slightly reduced, so that no cavitation effect is generated in the focus area is detected.
In some embodiments, the slope curve (function) of the echo amplitude curve may be obtained by deriving the echo amplitude curve fitted in any one of the foregoing embodiments, where if the slope curve is significantly increased after a certain time, it indicates that the echo amplitude is significantly increased, that is, the echo signal generated by reflection in the focal region is significantly enhanced, so as to detect cavitation effect in the focal region.
It should be noted that, in the embodiment of the present disclosure, the detection result (the result of detecting whether the cavitation effect is generated in the focal region) obtained by the method for detecting the cavitation effect may be used as a powerful reference basis for evaluating the cavitation effect in the focal region, and not be used as an actual final cavitation detection result.
According to the method for detecting cavitation effect provided by the embodiment, for each HIFU treatment round gap (preset time period), echo characteristic information corresponding to echo signals generated by reflection through the focal region at each moment in the HIFU treatment round gap is detected, and whether cavitation effect is generated in the focal region is detected at least based on the echo characteristic information corresponding to each moment in the HIFU treatment round gap. In this embodiment, by analyzing the echo characteristic information of the echo signal generated by reflection in the focal region at each time in the HIFU treatment round gap, the cavitation effect generated in the focal region during HIFU treatment can be effectively and accurately detected, thereby being helpful for doctors to effectively take countermeasures in time.
Fig. 6 is a block diagram of an apparatus for detecting cavitation according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, and as shown in fig. 6, the apparatus includes a control unit 201, an acquisition unit 202, a generation unit 203, and a detection unit 204.
The control unit 201 is configured to control, for each preset time period, the focus transducer to transmit a detection signal to the focus area at a plurality of moments within the preset time period, where each moment transmits a detection signal, the detection signal is a focus pulse signal with N periods, N is greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 3, and the preset time period is a time period from a current HIFU treatment round end moment to a next HIFU treatment round start moment.
The acquiring unit 202 is configured to acquire echo information received by the focusing transducer during the preset time period, where the echo information corresponding to the preset time period includes echo signals corresponding to detection signals generated by reflection of the focal region and corresponding to each moment in the preset time period.
The generating unit 203 is configured to generate echo feature information corresponding to each time in the preset time period according to the echo signal corresponding to each time in the preset time period.
The detection unit 204 is configured to detect whether a cavitation effect is generated in the focal region according to at least echo characteristic information corresponding to each moment in the preset time period.
In some embodiments, the generating unit 203 is specifically configured to obtain, for each time within the preset time period, an echo amplitude of the echo signal from an echo signal corresponding to the time, where the echo characteristic information corresponding to the time includes the echo amplitude of the echo signal corresponding to the time.
In some embodiments, the detecting unit 203 is specifically configured to generate an echo amplitude curve corresponding to the preset time period according to the echo amplitude corresponding to each time in the preset time period; determining the corresponding slope of every two adjacent moments in the echo amplitude curve; and detecting that cavitation effect is generated in the focal region when the slope is larger than a preset slope threshold.
In some embodiments, the control unit 201 is further configured to control the focusing transducer to transmit an initial detection signal to the focal region before the first HIFU treatment cycle starts, where the initial detection signal is an initial focusing pulse signal of N periods, and N is 1+.ltoreq.3; the acquiring unit 202 is further configured to acquire initial echo information received by the focusing transducer before the beginning of the first HIFU treatment cycle, where the initial echo information includes an initial echo signal corresponding to an initial detection signal generated by reflection from the focal region before the beginning of the first HIFU treatment cycle; the generating unit 203 is further configured to generate initial echo feature information according to the initial echo signal; the detection unit 204 is specifically configured to detect whether a cavitation effect is generated in the focal region according to the initial echo characteristic information and the echo characteristic information corresponding to each moment in all the preset time periods.
The device for detecting cavitation effect provided in the embodiments of the present disclosure is used to implement the method for detecting cavitation effect provided in any of the embodiments described above, and specific description thereof may be referred to the description of the method provided in the embodiment described above, which is not repeated herein.
Fig. 7 is a block diagram of an ultrasonic treatment apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, as shown in fig. 7, including: a focusing transducer 301 and a device 302 for detecting cavitation, wherein the focusing transducer 301 is connected to the device 302, the device 302 comprising a device for detecting cavitation provided by any of the embodiments described above.
It is to be understood that the above embodiments are merely exemplary embodiments employed to illustrate the principles of the present disclosure, however, the present disclosure is not limited thereto. Various modifications and improvements may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and substance of the disclosure, and are also considered to be within the scope of the disclosure.
Claims (3)
1. An apparatus for detecting cavitation effects, comprising:
the control unit is used for controlling the focusing transducer to emit detection signals to the focal region at a plurality of moments in the preset time period for each preset time period, wherein the detection signals are focusing pulse signals with N periods, N is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 3, and the preset time period is a time period from the ending moment of the current HIFU treatment round to the starting moment of the next HIFU treatment round; the focusing transducer is further used for continuously transmitting a focusing ultrasonic signal to tissue in a focus area in each HIFU treatment round, and the continuous focusing ultrasonic signal is focused at the focus area to generate a thermal effect;
The acquisition unit is used for acquiring echo information received by the focusing transducer in the preset time period, and the echo information corresponding to the preset time period comprises echo signals corresponding to detection signals generated by reflection of the focus area and corresponding to each moment in the preset time period;
the generating unit is used for generating echo characteristic information corresponding to each moment in the preset time period according to the echo signals corresponding to each moment in the preset time period;
the detection unit is used for detecting whether cavitation effect is generated in the focal region or not at least according to echo characteristic information corresponding to each moment in the preset time period;
the generating unit is specifically configured to obtain, for each time in the preset time period, an echo amplitude of the echo signal from an echo signal corresponding to the time, where the echo characteristic information corresponding to the time includes the echo amplitude of the echo signal corresponding to the time;
the detection unit is specifically configured to generate an echo amplitude curve corresponding to the preset time period according to the echo amplitude corresponding to each moment in the preset time period; determining the corresponding slope of every two adjacent moments in the echo amplitude curve; and detecting that cavitation effect is generated in the focal region when the slope is larger than a preset slope threshold.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the control unit is further configured to control the focusing transducer to transmit an initial detection signal to the focal region before a first HIFU therapy session begins, the initial detection signal being an initial focusing pulse signal of N cycles, 1+.n+.3;
the acquisition unit is further configured to acquire initial echo information received by the focusing transducer before a first HIFU treatment cycle begins, where the initial echo information includes an initial echo signal corresponding to the initial detection signal generated by reflection through the focal region before the first HIFU treatment cycle begins;
the generating unit is further used for generating initial echo characteristic information according to the initial echo signal;
the detection unit is specifically configured to detect whether a cavitation effect is generated in the focal region according to the initial echo characteristic information and echo characteristic information corresponding to each moment in all preset time periods.
3. An ultrasound therapy device, comprising: a focusing transducer and a device for detecting cavitation effects, the device comprising a device as claimed in claim 1 or 2.
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