CN113113938B - Uniform power control method and system for multi-module fuel cell system - Google Patents
Uniform power control method and system for multi-module fuel cell system Download PDFInfo
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- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 200
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 12
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
- H02J3/46—Controlling of the sharing of output between the generators, converters, or transformers
- H02J3/466—Scheduling the operation of the generators, e.g. connecting or disconnecting generators to meet a given demand
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy
- H02J3/32—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy using batteries with converting means
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method and a system for controlling average power of a multi-module fuel cell system, wherein the method at least comprises the following steps: determining an optimal operation index of the power generation module based on the total output power and the optimal power of the plurality of power generation modules; and adjusting the starting quantity of the power generation modules based on the optimal operation index so that the power generation modules operate in a uniform power state. According to the invention, the starting number of the power generation modules is regulated and controlled according to the real-time power consumption of the load, and part of the power generation modules are increased or reduced in real time, so that the power generation modules work with optimal average power and higher efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to the field of fuel cell technologies, and in particular, to a method and a system for controlling average power of a multi-module fuel cell system.
Background
In the prior art, when a multi-module fuel cell system operates, the same output voltage is only set for each module and the modules work simultaneously; or the different output voltages of each module are independently set, so that the output power deviation of each module is easy to be large. Some modules run in a light load state, others run in a heavy load state, and meanwhile, the total working efficiency of each working module is not high.
For example, chinese patent CN 108312871a discloses a method for controlling current output of a power module group, which includes updating, by a monitoring unit CCU, the distribution number of power modules in real time according to a vehicle demand current and an actual value of an output current of each power module in the power module group; and determining the actual expected current value of the power module according to the vehicle demand current, the real-time updated power module distribution quantity and the updated actual value of the output current of each power module by the power distribution unit PDU.
Chinese patent CN 110120745A discloses a DC/DC multi-module parallel current sharing control method, which is characterized in that voltage and current provided by each parallel module to a load are collected in real time, current sharing coefficient and virtual average power of each module during operation are calculated, a first voltage command value is obtained through dead-time control, a first current command value is obtained through dead-time control according to the first voltage command value, a voltage given value and load side voltage, a second current command value is obtained through dead-time control according to the first current command value and input side inductance current, and current sharing control is carried out according to the second current command value. The invention realizes the parallel connection of the modules with different rated powers, and the modules distribute the load power proportionally according to the rated power ratio so as to achieve the purpose of current sharing among the modules.
However, the above prior art, while addressing real-time adjustment in both the number of modules and power from some aspects, still presents drawbacks including:
when multiple modules operate, the output power of each module is very different, and the power deviation is possibly more than 50%:
each module is not on the proper working efficiency point, so that the overall working efficiency is low, and the service life of the fuel cell of the whole system can be reduced.
Accordingly, it is desirable to provide a method and system for controlling the average power of a multi-module fuel cell system that overcomes the above-described drawbacks.
Furthermore, there are differences in one aspect due to understanding to those skilled in the art; on the other hand, as the inventors studied numerous documents and patents while the present invention was made, the text is not limited to details and contents of all that are listed, but it is by no means the present invention does not have these prior art features, the present invention has all the prior art features, and the applicant remains in the background art to which the rights of the related prior art are added.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, the invention provides a method for controlling average power of a multi-module fuel cell system, which at least comprises the following steps: determining an optimal operation index of the power generation module based on the total output power and the optimal power of the plurality of power generation modules; and adjusting the starting quantity of the power generation modules based on the optimal operation index so that the power generation modules operate in a uniform power state.
According to the invention, the starting number of the power generation modules is regulated by calculating the optimal operation index of the power generation modules, and the starting number of the power generation modules can be regulated in real time according to the real-time change of the total output power of the power generation modules, so that the operated power generation modules are in a uniform power state, and the working efficiency of the fuel cell system is improved.
Preferably, the method further comprises: the output power and/or the total output power of at least one power generation module is detected within a preset acquisition time of the start-up of the fuel cell system.
Preferably, the method for determining the optimal operation index of the power generation module is as follows:
preferably, the method for determining the number of starts of the power generation modules according to the optimal operation index includes:
in the case where the optimum running index is a non-integer, m=n+1;
in the case where the optimum running index is an integer, m=n;
where M represents the number of starts and n represents the integer digits of the running index.
According to the invention, the number of the operated power generation modules is determined according to the total output power, and the optimal operation index is obtained by considering the efficiency factors of the power generation modules, so that part of the power generation modules are prevented from operating in a mode of lower modules, and the inefficient operation of the power generation modules is avoided.
Preferably, the method further comprises: the current limit value of the power generation module is set based on the power generation module and the average current value and the redundancy coefficient. By the arrangement, the management positions of the power generation modules can be more balanced, and the fluctuation influence of frequent and instantaneous probability fluctuation of load on the fuel cell power generation modules and the fluctuation influence on the buffer energy storage device can be reduced.
Preferably, the method further comprises: after the number of starts of the power generation modules is adjusted, the current limit value of the power generation modules is updated based on the average current value and the redundancy coefficient of the power generation modules. When the starting number of the power generation modules is regulated, the average current value of the power generation modules is inevitably changed, so that the current limiting value of the power generation modules needs to be recalculated and regulated, and the defect that the efficiency of the power generation modules is low due to improper current limiting is avoided.
The invention also provides a multi-module fuel cell system uniform power control system, the control system at least comprises a control module, and the control mode of the control module at least comprises; determining an optimal operation index of the power generation module based on the total output power and the optimal power of the plurality of power generation modules; and adjusting the starting quantity of the power generation modules based on the optimal operation index so that the power generation modules operate in a uniform power state.
Preferably, in the control system, the method for determining the optimal operation index of the power generation module by the control module is as follows:
preferably, in the control system, the manner of determining the number of starts of the power generation modules by the optimum operation index includes:
in the case where the optimum running index is a non-integer, m=n+1;
in the case where the optimum running index is an integer, m=n;
where M represents the number of starts and n represents the integer digits of the running index.
The control system provided by the invention can adjust the starting quantity of the power generation modules in real time, so that the power generation modules are always in a state of high-efficiency and uniform-power operation, the waste of raw materials of the fuel cell can be avoided, and the energy-saving and high-efficiency control of the fuel cell system is facilitated.
The invention also provides a fuel cell system which at least comprises a control module, a plurality of power generation modules and a load, wherein the power generation modules are connected in parallel between the control module and the load, and the control module regulates and controls the starting quantity of the power generation modules according to the uniform power control method of the multi-module fuel cell system.
The fuel cell system can adjust the starting quantity of the internal power generation modules in real time, so that the internal power generation modules always operate in a high-efficiency mode, and optimal power output is realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the logic modules of the control system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the steps of the control method of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of logic modules of another embodiment of the control system of the present invention.
List of reference numerals
10: a control module; 21: a first power generation module; 22: a second power generation module; 2N: an nth power generation module; 30: a buffer energy storage device; 40: a UPS inverter; 50: an alternating current load; 60: and (3) a direct current load.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description refers to the accompanying drawings.
In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a method and a system for controlling the average power of a multi-module fuel cell system, which can also be called as a method and a system for regulating and controlling the power of a fuel cell.
In the prior art, the fuel cell power generation module is 80% -100% of rated power at the optimal efficiency working point. In the actual use process, the user power may change due to the change of the starting number of the load devices in different time periods, so that the real-time output power of the fuel cell may be 20%, 50% or 90%. The control module of the fuel cell system needs to manage the power and the on-off state of the power generation module according to the total power of the real-time power consumption, and the starting quantity of the modules is increased or reduced in real time. In the prior art, when a plurality of modules operate, the output power of each power generation module is greatly different, and the power deviation is possibly more than 50%; the control effect of the control module is not obvious. Under the control of the low efficiency of the control module, each power generation module is not at a proper working efficiency point, so that the overall working efficiency is low, and the service life of the fuel cell of the whole system can be reduced.
In view of the drawbacks of the prior art, the present invention provides a power balancing control system for a multi-module fuel cell system, as shown in fig. 1, at least including a control module 10, a plurality of power generation modules, a buffer energy storage device 30 and a load. The load includes an ac load 50 and a dc load 60. The control module 10 is connected with a plurality of power generation modules respectively. The plurality of power generation modules are respectively connected with the buffer energy storage device 30. The buffer energy storage device 30 is connected to a number of ac loads 50 through a UPS inverter 40. I.e., the UPS inverter 40 outputs power to the ac load 40. The buffer energy storage device 30 is connected to a number of dc loads 60.
The power generation modules in the invention generally have rated powers within 10% to realize sharing.
UPS inverters are used to convert dc power (battery, accumulator) to ac power (typically 220v,50hz sine wave). The UPS inverter mainly comprises an inverter bridge, control logic and a filter circuit.
The control module adjusts the starting quantity of the power generation module in real time based on the real-time power consumption of the load so as to achieve optimal average power and high working efficiency.
In the present invention, a detection module is provided between the control module 10 and each of the power generation modules. The detection module is used for detecting the output power of each power generation module in the preset acquisition time and sending the output power to the control module 10.
The range of the preset acquisition time is 0-5 minutes. Preferably, the preset acquisition time is 1 minute and the data is filtered with a moving average. Because the fluctuation of the load may be larger when the system is initially accessed, if the preset acquisition time is too short, the fluctuation of the output power of each acquired power generation module along with the load is larger, and the frequent adjustment of the starting number of the power generation modules may be caused. After the running time is approximately 1 minute, the running power fluctuation state of the power generation modules is basically stable, and the output power values of the power generation modules are stable, so that accurate output power values can be obtained, and the control module can evaluate the number of the power generation modules accurately.
The voltage stabilizing value and the maximum current limiting value of the power generation module are preset. Specifically, the voltage regulation value of the power generation module is set according to the product use situation. The maximum current limiting value is dynamically adjusted by the control module according to the total output power (namely load power) of the power generation module and the running condition of the starting quantity of the power generation module so as to achieve the effect of current sharing.
The current limiting value of each power generation module is determined in the following manner: current limit value=average current value×redundancy coefficient. The range of redundancy coefficients is: 1.05 to 1.3.
The redundancy factor is preferably 110%.
The arrangement of the current limiting values has the advantage that the power of each power generation module can be balanced, and meanwhile, the fluctuation of the load frequent instantaneous power fluctuation on the fuel cell power generation module and the larger fluctuation of the buffer energy storage device voltage are reduced.
The control module 10 determines an optimal operation index based on the total power of the several outputs and the rated power, optimal efficiency value of the power generation module, and determines the number of starts of the power generation module according to the optimal operation index.
The optimal efficiency value of the invention refers to the efficiency value of a power generation module in an optimal operation state. Since the rated powers of the respective power generation modules within one fuel cell system of the present invention differ by 10%, the optimum efficiency values of the respective power generation modules are defaulted to be the same.
Optimum running index
The number of starts of the power generation modules m=n+1; n represents the integer bits of the optimum running index.
When the optimum running index is an integer, m=n.
As the total power of the power generation module increases, the optimal operating index increases. When the integer bit of the optimum running index increases, the number of starts M of the power generation modules increases.
As the total power of the power generation module decreases, the optimal operating index decreases. When the integer bit of the optimum running index is reduced, the number of starts M of the power generation modules is reduced.
After the operation state of the power generation modules is adjusted according to the number of starts, the average current value of the power generation modules is updated. The control module updates the current limit value of each power generation module based on the current average current value and the redundancy coefficient of the power generation module.
When the control system needs to shut down to 2 for the 4 power generation modules currently operating, the control system selectively shuts down two of the power generation modules based on the operating parameters of the power generation modules. For example, the control module may select according to the accumulated operation time of each power generation module, and preferably close the power generation module with a longer accumulated operation time.
For example, as shown in fig. 1 and 3, N power generation modules are arranged in parallel between the control module 10 and the buffer energy storage device 30. The N power generation modules include a first power generation module 21, a second power generation module 22 … …, and an nth power generation module 2N. The buffer energy storage device 30 is connected to a number of ac loads 50 through a UPS inverter 40. The buffer energy storage device 30 is connected to a number of dc loads 60.
When the fuel cell system is provided with 4 fuel cell power generation modules having a rated power of 100kW, the power generation modules include a first power generation module 21, a second power generation module 22, a third power generation module 23, and a fourth power generation module 24. The total assembly power of the power generation module was 400kW. The optimal efficiency value of a single power generation module ranges from 60% to 90%. Preferably, the optimal efficiency value for a single power generation module is 90%.
When the total output power of the alternating current load and/or the direct current load in actual operation is 200KW, the optimal operation index is:
the number of start-up of the power generation modules is 3, i.e., 3 fuel cell power generation modules of 100kW are operated.
The control module 10 is configured to set the current limit value of each power generation module as an average current value by using a redundancy coefficient (e.g. 110%), so that the average power of 3 power generation modules with a total power of 200KW is about 66KW, and it can be ensured that the system does not frequently switch the value of the optimal running index.
In the prior art, the operation efficiency of the power generation modules is reduced due to the excessive number of the power generation modules or the excessive number of the power generation modules. When the total power output of real-time operation is 80kW, the average power of the power generation modules is 20kW, the working efficiency of each power generation module is too low, the system efficiency is also low, and the service life of the fuel cell of the whole system is reduced.
According to the control strategy of the control module of the invention, the optimal operation index of the fuel cell system is: 80/(100×90%) =0.88, i.e., the number of starts of the power generation modules is 1. Only 1 fuel cell power generation module with rated power of 100kW is required to be operated, so that the working power of the fuel cell power generation module is 80kW. The control module sends a closing instruction to the other 3 power generation modules, so that the 3 fuel cell power generation modules are in a shutdown state.
The control strategy of the invention ensures that the running power generation module runs in a good working state, reduces unnecessary equipment loss and energy loss of other power generation modules, and prolongs the service life of each power generation module. In the case of a longer overall operating time of a portion of the power generation modules, the control system may prefer a power generation module having a shorter overall operating time to start and operate so that the power generation module having a longer overall operating time is at rest and adjusted. The control strategy of the invention not only improves the operation efficiency of the power generation module, but also ensures that adequate time is reserved for rotation, adjustment and maintenance between the power generation modules under the condition of not influencing the total power generation, which can certainly improve the overall operation efficiency and the operation service life of the fuel cell system and obviously improve the production benefits of producers using the fuel cell system.
The invention also provides a method for controlling the average power of the fuel cell system, and the steps of the method are shown in figure 2.
The fuel cell system average power control method at least comprises the following steps:
s0: the fuel cell system is started.
S1: the voltage stabilizing value and the maximum current limiting value of each power generation module are set.
I.e., the voltage regulation value and the maximum current limit value are set according to the use requirements of the fuel cell system.
S2: and after the power generation module is started, acquiring real-time sub-output power and/or total output power of the power generation module based on the short-time operation setting state of the power generation module.
The real-time sub-output power and/or the total output power of the power generation module are/is acquired within a preset acquisition time, so that an accurate power value can be acquired.
S3: the current limit value of each power generation module is determined based on the average current value and the redundancy coefficient of the power generation module.
Specifically, current limit value=average current value×redundancy coefficient.
If the current limiting value is not set, under the condition that a plurality of power generation modules run simultaneously, under the condition that the using power of equipment changes, the current of part of the power generation modules changes to cause the change of the load power, so that the load power difference among the power generation modules is gradually increased, and the control system needs to frequently adjust the load power of each power generation module. Even if the current of the power generation module fluctuates instantaneously, frequent times may cause fluctuation of the power generation module and large fluctuation of the buffer energy storage device voltage. These effects are negative.
According to the invention, the current limiting value is set, namely, the current of each power generation module is limited, so that the power of each power generation module is balanced, the negative influence of frequent fluctuation of instantaneous power of a load is avoided, the fluctuation of the power generation module of the fuel cell is avoided, the larger fluctuation of the voltage of the energy storage device is buffered, and the operation of the power generation module is in a stable state.
S4: the number of starts of the power generation modules is determined based on a quotient calculated from the optimal efficiency value of the real-time total power and the rated power.
S5: and regulating and controlling the running state of the power generation modules based on the starting quantity of the power generation modules.
Specifically, the control strategy of the control system is:
calculating an optimal operation index of a power generation module in the fuel cell system;
the optimal running index is:
and adjusting the on-off state of the partial power generation module based on the optimal operation index.
S6: after the number of starts is adjusted, the current limit value of each power generation module is updated again based on the average current value and the redundancy coefficient of the power generation module.
After the starting quantity is changed, the current value of the power generation module in the running state is also changed, so that the current limiting value of the power generation module is necessary to be adaptively recalculated, and the instantaneous fluctuation of the current is avoided again; so that the fuel cell system after the number of power generation modules is adjusted operates in a stable state.
S7: and in the normal operation state of the fuel cell system, collecting the total power of the load at preset intervals and updating the starting quantity of the power generation modules.
The preset time interval collection can enable the control system to monitor the load power of the device even if the total power change of the load is adapted by changing the starting number of the power generation modules, so that the power generation modules of the fuel cell system always operate with the proper starting number.
Preferably, the control system of the invention can also collect the total power of the load in real time, and the control system changes the starting number of the power generation modules in real time under the condition that the change of the power of the load causes the integral conversion of the starting number.
Preferably, the control system determines to change the number of starts of the power generation module after the number of starts change time exceeds a preset time threshold.
For example, the total power of the load may be instantaneously changed, and turning on and off the power generation module in real time necessarily increases a lot of ineffective power generation module on and off operations, which is obviously a negative effect. When the total power of the load is stable, for example, more than 2 minutes, the control system controls the power generation module to be turned on or off again, and turns off the redundant power generation modules or adds the power generation modules, so that the management efficiency of the control system is necessarily improved.
S8: and when the shutdown instruction is received, the power generation module and the fuel cell system are shut down.
It should be noted that the above-described embodiments are exemplary, and that a person skilled in the art, in light of the present disclosure, may devise various solutions that fall within the scope of the present disclosure and fall within the scope of the present disclosure. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the present description and drawings are illustrative and not limiting to the claims. The scope of the invention is defined by the claims and their equivalents.
The present specification contains several inventive concepts, and applicant reserves the right to issue a divisional application according to each of the inventive concepts. The description of the invention encompasses multiple inventive concepts, such as "preferably," "according to a preferred embodiment," or "optionally," all means that the corresponding paragraph discloses a separate concept, and that the applicant reserves the right to filed a divisional application according to each inventive concept.
Claims (7)
1. A method for controlling average power of a multi-module fuel cell system, the method comprising:
determining an optimal operation index of the power generation module based on the total output power and the optimal power of the plurality of power generation modules; the method for determining the optimal operation index of the power generation module comprises the following steps:
the optimal efficiency value refers to the efficiency value of a power generation module in an optimal running state;
adjusting the starting number of the power generation modules based on the optimal operation index so that the power generation modules operate in a uniform power state, and setting a current limiting value of the power generation modules based on an average current value and a redundancy coefficient of the power generation modules;
after the running states of the power generation modules are adjusted according to the starting quantity, the average current value of the power generation modules is updated; and updating the current limit value of each power generation module based on the average current value and the redundancy coefficient of the current power generation module.
2. The multi-module fuel cell system average power control method according to claim 1, characterized in that the method further comprises:
the output power and/or the total output power of at least one power generation module is detected within a preset acquisition time of the start-up of the fuel cell system.
3. The method of controlling the average power of a multi-module fuel cell system according to claim 2, wherein the manner of starting the number of power generation modules determined by the optimum operation index includes:
in the case where the optimum running index is a non-integer, m=n+1;
in the case where the optimum running index is an integer, m=n;
where M represents the number of starts and n represents the integer digits of the running index.
4. A multi-module fuel cell system average power control method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the method further comprises:
after the starting number of the power generation modules is adjusted, the current limit value of the power generation modules is updated based on the average current value and the redundancy coefficient of the power generation modules.
5. A multi-module fuel cell system average power control system, wherein the control system at least comprises a control module (10), and a control mode of the control module at least comprises:
determining an optimal operation index of the power generation module based on the total output power and the optimal power of the plurality of power generation modules; the method for determining the optimal operation index of the power generation module by the control module comprises the following steps:
the optimal efficiency value refers to the efficiency value of a power generation module in an optimal running state;
adjusting the starting number of the power generation modules based on the optimal operation index so that the power generation modules operate in a uniform power state, and setting a current limiting value of the power generation modules based on an average current value and a redundancy coefficient of the power generation modules;
after the running states of the power generation modules are adjusted according to the starting quantity, the average current value of the power generation modules is updated; and updating the current limit value of each power generation module based on the average current value and the redundancy coefficient of the current power generation module.
6. The multi-module fuel cell system average power control system according to claim 5, wherein the manner of starting the number of power generation modules determined by the optimum operation index includes:
in the case where the optimum running index is a non-integer, m=n+1;
in the case where the optimum running index is an integer, m=n;
where M represents the number of starts and n represents the integer digits of the running index.
7. The fuel cell system at least comprises a control module, a plurality of power generation modules and a load, wherein the power generation modules are connected in parallel between the control module and the load, and the fuel cell system is characterized in that,
the control module regulates the number of starts of the power generation modules according to the multi-module fuel cell system average power control method according to any one of claims 1 to 4.
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