CN114024008B - Power management integrated device of multi-stack fuel cell system and working method thereof - Google Patents
Power management integrated device of multi-stack fuel cell system and working method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04858—Electric variables
- H01M8/04925—Power, energy, capacity or load
- H01M8/0494—Power, energy, capacity or load of fuel cell stacks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
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- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
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- H01M8/04947—Power, energy, capacity or load of auxiliary devices, e.g. batteries, capacitors
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Abstract
The invention provides a power management integrated device of a multi-stack fuel cell system and a working method thereof. The power management integrated device comprises a first-stage power manager, a second-stage power manager, a power battery power manager and a driving device power manager. The second stage power manager is connected with all the fuel cell stacks of the multi-stack fuel cell system through a DC/DC module or directly, and is used for setting the required output power of each fuel cell stack. The power battery power manager is used for managing input power and output power of the power battery system. The drive power manager is configured to control the drive operating state. The driving device can drive the load to operate. According to various working modes of the load, the power management integrated device obtains the optimal power management method under different working modes by establishing a mathematical optimization model. The power management integrated device and the working method thereof can improve the efficiency and the service life of the multi-stack fuel cell system, reduce the cost and improve the performance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fuel cells, in particular to a power management integrated device of a multi-stack fuel cell system and a working method thereof.
Background
In order to realize the application of the fuel cell system in high-power application scenarios such as heavy trucks, ships, airplanes and the like, patent CN213660458U proposes a multi-stack fuel cell system, which refers to a fuel cell system having a plurality of fuel cell stacks, and the multi-stack fuel cell system has higher output power, efficiency and service life than a single-stack fuel cell system.
In the prior art, the output power of each fuel cell stack of the multi-stack fuel cell system adopts an average distribution or chained distribution power distribution method, however, the following problems exist:
1. fuel cell stacks operate at different powers with different efficiency and life characteristics. The average distribution and chain distribution allow each stack to operate for long periods of time in the low efficiency and low lifetime power output intervals.
2. The fuel cell stacks in the average and chained power distribution methods have the same maximum output power, which causes problems of low efficiency and short life when the required power is concentrated in two ranges in the operation scene of the load instead of being equally distributed at the respective powers.
3. Each fuel cell stack has minimum output power and maximum output power, the power average distribution cannot cover the working condition of low power output, and the chained distribution needs to start and stop the fuel cell stacks for multiple times, which can cause the problems of low efficiency and short service life of the fuel cell system.
There is therefore a need for a power management apparatus and power management method that improves the efficiency and life of a multi-stack fuel cell system.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above-described drawbacks of the prior art, an object of the present invention is to provide a power management integrated device for a multi-stack fuel cell system capable of improving the efficiency and lifetime of the multi-stack fuel cell system.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a power management integrated device for a multi-stack fuel cell system, comprising a first-stage power manager, a second-stage power manager, a power battery power manager and a driving device power manager, wherein the second-stage power manager, the power battery power manager and the driving device power manager are all connected with the first-stage power manager; the second stage power manager is connected with the multi-stack fuel cell system; the multi-stack fuel cell system includes a plurality of fuel cell stacks; the second-stage power manager is used for setting the required output power of all the fuel cell stacks; the power battery power manager is connected with the power battery system and is used for managing the input power and the output power of the power battery system; the driving device power manager is connected with the driving device and is used for controlling the running state of the driving device; the driving device is connected with the load and can drive the load to operate.
Further, all of the fuel cell stacks are connected to a second stage power manager either through a DC/DC module or directly.
Further, when the fuel cell stacks are connected to the second stage power manager through the DC/DC module, all the fuel cell stacks are connected to one DC/DC module.
Further, when the fuel cell stacks are connected with the second-stage power manager through the DC/DC modules, the number of the DC/DC modules is equal to that of the fuel cell stacks, all the DC/DC modules are respectively connected with all the fuel cell stacks in a one-to-one correspondence manner, and the second-stage power manager is connected with all the DC/DC modules.
Further, all the fuel cell stacks are connected to a fuel integrated supply device that can supply fuel to each fuel cell stack in a concentrated manner according to the power to be output set by the second-stage power manager for each fuel cell stack.
Further, all the fuel cell stacks are connected with a hydrothermal integration management device, and the hydrothermal integration management device is used for managing the hydrothermal integration of each fuel cell stack.
Further, the driving device power manager can control the output power of the driving device when the driving device drives the load; the drive power manager is capable of controlling the drive to recover energy of the load while braking the load.
Further, a plurality of power battery packs of the power battery system are connected with a bus through a DC/DC module or directly.
As described above, the power management integrated device for a multi-stack fuel cell system according to the present invention has the following advantageous effects:
the working principle of the power management integrated device of the multi-stack fuel cell system is as follows: the first-stage power manager determines the output power of the multi-stack fuel cell system and the output power of the power cell system according to the required power of the load, namely the first-stage power manager distributes the required power of the load to the multi-stack fuel cell system and the power cell system; the second-stage power manager sets the output power of each fuel cell stack according to the output power of the multi-stack fuel cell system, and the sum of the output powers of all the fuel cell stacks is equal to the output power of the multi-stack fuel cell system, namely the second-stage power manager distributes the output power of the multi-stack fuel cell system to each fuel cell stack, so that the required power of the multi-stack fuel cell system is determined by adopting a two-stage power management mode, particularly the first-stage power manager firstly according to the required power of a load, and then the power cell system is used as the auxiliary and supplementary of the multi-stack fuel cell system, so that the output power of the multi-stack fuel cell system is more reasonable. When the multi-stack fuel cell system meets the requirement of power output, the efficiency is higher, the working range with high efficiency is easier to maintain, the overall efficiency of the multi-stack fuel cell system is further improved, the service life of the multi-stack fuel cell system can be prolonged, and the energy consumption is reduced. In addition, the output power of each fuel cell stack is uniformly distributed and managed by the second-stage power manager, so that the integration level of the multi-stack fuel cell system is improved, and the whole volume of the system is reduced.
Another technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an operating method that can improve the efficiency and lifetime of a multi-stack fuel cell system.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a working method of the power management integrated device of a multi-stack fuel cell system, including a working method formulation process and a working method implementation process, the working method formulation process sequentially includes the following steps:
determining a power management mode according to an application scene and the requirements of operators;
setting the required output power of the multi-stack fuel cell system and the required output power of the power cell system according to the power management mode and the current power demand value;
determining an optimal power allocation scheme in a split-stack scheme and a power management mode; the optimal power distribution scheme comprises the steps of setting the required output power of each fuel cell stack;
comparing the optimal power distribution results of all the split-stack schemes to obtain an optimal split-stack scheme, and obtaining an optimal power distribution scheme under a set power management mode;
solving the optimal power distribution schemes in all power management modes to obtain the optimal power distribution schemes in all power management modes, and recording the obtained optimal power distribution schemes in all power management modes into a power distribution table;
the implementation process of the working method comprises the following steps:
in actual operation, the first-stage power manager sets the required output power of the multi-stack fuel cell system and the required output power of the power cell system according to the currently set power management mode and the required power value of the current load by looking up a power distribution table;
the second-stage power manager sets the output power of each fuel cell stack by looking up a power distribution table according to the currently set power management mode and the output power of the multi-stack fuel cell system.
Further, when the remaining charge of the power battery system is smaller than the set threshold value, the first-stage power manager sets the required output power for the multi-stack fuel battery system to be larger than the required power of the load, and the multi-stack fuel battery system supplies power to the power battery system while supplying power to the driving device, so that the power battery system is in a charging state.
As described above, the working method according to the present invention has the following advantageous effects:
the working method is based on the steps, so that the power distribution of the multi-stack fuel cell system can be more optimized, the multi-stack fuel cell system can be maintained in a high-efficiency working range, the overall efficiency of the multi-stack fuel cell system can be further improved, the service life of the multi-stack fuel cell system can be prolonged, the energy consumption and the cost can be reduced, and the performance can be improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a functional block diagram of a multi-stack fuel cell system power management integrated device in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a functional block diagram of a second level power manager in an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of the working method according to the embodiment of the invention.
Description of element reference numerals
101. First stage power manager
102. Second stage power manager
103. Power battery power manager
104. Drive power manager
105. Multi-stack fuel cell system
106. Power battery system
107. Driving device
108. Speed reducer
109. Load(s)
110. Fuel integrated supply device
111. Hydrothermal integrated management device
112. Fuel cell stack
113. Power battery pack
301. Working method making process
302. Implementation process of working method
Detailed Description
Further advantages and effects of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the disclosure of the present invention, which is described by the following specific examples.
It should be understood that the structures, proportions, sizes, etc. shown in the drawings are for illustration purposes only and should not be construed as limiting the invention to the extent that it can be practiced, since modifications, changes in the proportions, or adjustments of the sizes, which are otherwise, used in the practice of the invention, are included in the spirit and scope of the invention which is otherwise, without departing from the spirit or scope thereof. Also, the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "middle" and "a" are used herein for descriptive purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention for which the invention may be practiced, but rather the relative relationships thereof may be altered or modified without materially altering the technology.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the present embodiment provides a multi-stack fuel cell system power management integrated device, which includes a first-stage power manager 101, a second-stage power manager 102, a power cell power manager 103, and a driving device power manager 104, where the second-stage power manager 102, the power cell power manager 103, and the driving device power manager 104 are all connected to the first-stage power manager 101; the second stage power manager 102 is coupled to a multi-stack fuel cell system 105; the multi-stack fuel cell system 105 includes a plurality of fuel cell stacks 112; the second stage power manager 102 is configured to set the required output power of all the fuel cell stacks 112, the power cell power manager 103 is connected to the power cell system 106, and the power cell power manager 103 is configured to manage the input power and the output power of the power cell system 106; the driving device power manager 104 is connected with the driving device 107, and the driving device power manager 104 is used for controlling the operation state of the driving device 107; the driving device 107 is connected to the load 109, and the driving device 107 can drive the load 109 to operate. The working principle of the power management integrated device of the multi-stack fuel cell system is as follows: the first-stage power manager 101 determines the output power to be output by the multi-stack fuel cell system 105 and the output power to be output by the power cell system 106 according to the required power of the load 109, that is, the first-stage power manager 101 distributes the required power of the load 109 to the multi-stack fuel cell system 105 and the power cell system 106; the second-stage power manager 102 sets the power to be output of each fuel cell stack 112 according to the power to be output of the multi-stack fuel cell system 105, and the sum of the power to be output of all the fuel cell stacks 112 is equal to the power to be output of the multi-stack fuel cell system 105, that is, the second-stage power manager 102 distributes the power to be output of the multi-stack fuel cell system 105 to each fuel cell stack 112, so that the power to be output of the multi-stack fuel cell system 105 is more reasonable by adopting a two-stage power management mode, particularly the first-stage power manager 101 determines the power to be required of the multi-stack fuel cell system 105 according to the power to be required of the load 109, and then the power cell system 106 is used as an aid and supplement of the multi-stack fuel cell system 105. When the multi-stack fuel cell system 105 meets the requirement of power output, the efficiency is higher, the operation interval with high efficiency is easier to maintain, the overall efficiency of the multi-stack fuel cell system 105 is further improved, the service life of the multi-stack fuel cell system 105 can be prolonged, and the energy consumption is reduced. In addition, the output power of each fuel cell stack 112 is uniformly distributed and managed by the second-stage power manager 102, which improves the integration level of the multi-stack fuel cell system 105 and reduces the overall system volume.
The fuel cell stack 112 is connected to a DC/DC module and the second stage power manager 102 is connected to the DC/DC module. In this embodiment, the number of DC/DC modules is equal to the number of fuel cell stacks 112, all DC/DC modules are connected to all fuel cell stacks 112 in a one-to-one correspondence, and the second stage power manager 102 is connected to all DC/DC modules. In other embodiments all of the fuel cell stacks 112 are connected to a single DC/DC module with multiple inputs. The number of fuel cell stacks 112, the number of DC/DC modules, and the maximum output power of each fuel cell stack 112 in the multi-stack fuel cell system 105 in this embodiment are determined according to the actual application scenario and the required power of the load 109.
In the present embodiment, all the fuel cell stacks 112 are connected to the fuel-integrated supply device 110, and the fuel-integrated supply device 110 can supply fuel to each fuel cell stack 112 in a concentrated manner according to the required output power set by the second-stage power manager 102 for each fuel cell stack 112. All the fuel cell stacks 112 are connected to the hydrothermal integration management device 111, and the hydrothermal integration management device 111 manages the hydrothermal integration of each fuel cell stack 112.
In this embodiment, the plurality of power battery packs 113 of the power battery system 106 are connected to the bus through a DC/DC module, the driving device 107 is connected to the bus, and the power battery packs 113 can boost to the bus voltage through the DC/DC module. In other embodiments the power battery 113 is directly connected to the bus. In this embodiment, the driving device 107 may be powered by direct current, or may be powered by converting an inverter into alternating current.
Meanwhile, as shown in fig. 3, the present embodiment also provides a working method of the power management integrated device of the multi-stack fuel cell system, which includes a formulation process 301 of the working method and an implementation process 302 of the working method.
The working method making process 301 sequentially includes the following steps:
determining a power management mode according to an application scene and the requirements of operators;
the first-stage power manager 101 sets the required output power of the multi-stack fuel cell system 105 and the required output power of the power cell system 106 according to the power management mode and the current power demand value;
the second level power manager 102 determines an optimal power allocation scheme in a split-level scheme, and a power management mode; the optimal power distribution scheme includes setting the required output power of each fuel cell stack 112;
comparing the optimal power distribution results of all the split-stack schemes to obtain an optimal split-stack scheme, and obtaining an optimal power distribution scheme under a set power management mode;
solving the optimal power distribution schemes in all power management modes to obtain the optimal power distribution schemes in all power management modes, and recording the obtained optimal power distribution schemes in all power management modes into a power distribution table;
the implementation process 302 of the working method includes the following steps:
in actual operation, the first stage power manager 101 sets the power to be output of the multi-stack fuel cell system 105 and the power to be output of the power cell system 106 according to the currently set power management mode and the required power value of the current load 109, and by looking up a power distribution table;
the second-stage power manager 102 sets the required output power of each fuel cell stack 112 by looking up a power distribution table according to the currently set power management mode and the required output power of the multi-stack fuel cell system 105.
The working method realizes the optimal distribution of the load demand power, optimizes the working method of the multi-stack fuel cell system 105, ensures that the multi-stack fuel cell system 105 can be maintained in a high-efficiency working range, further improves the overall efficiency of the multi-stack fuel cell system 105, prolongs the service life of the multi-stack fuel cell system, reduces the cost and improves the performance.
The first-stage power manager 101 adjusts the required output power of the multi-stack fuel cell system 105 and the required output power of the power cell system 106 according to the SOC, i.e., the state of charge, of the power cell system 106. If the SOC is less than a certain threshold, the power to be output of the multi-stack fuel cell system 105 increases. The multiple stack fuel cell system 105 and the power cell system 106 may power the drive device 107 or power the drive device 107 simultaneously, respectively, or the multiple stack fuel cell system 105 may power the drive device 107 while also charging the power cell system 106. Specifically, when the remaining charge of the power battery system 106 is smaller than the set threshold, the first-stage power manager 101 distributes the power to be output to the multi-stack fuel battery system 105 to be greater than the required power of the load 109, and at this time, the multi-stack fuel battery system 105 not only supplies the electric power to the driving device 107, but also charges the power battery; and at this time, the output power value of the multi-stack fuel cell system 105 minus the charging power value of the power cell system 106 is equal to the power value required by the driving device 107.
In this embodiment, when the driving device power manager 104 controls the driving device 107 to drive the load 109, the driving device 107 can be controlled to output power. When braking the load 109, the drive device power manager 104 can control the drive device 107 to recover energy of the load 109.
In the working method of the embodiment, the required power of the load 109 in the application scenario is determined according to the application scenario and the load 109 parameters, and the first-stage power manager 101 optimally distributes the required power of the load 109 to the multi-stack fuel cell system 105 and the power cell system 106 for output according to the required power of the load 109 at the current time, the historical output power, the required power change rate at the current time and the power management mode; the second stage power manager 102 optimally distributes the desired output power of the multi-stack fuel cell system 105 to each fuel cell stack 112 for output based on the characteristics of the efficiency, lifetime, etc. of each fuel cell stack 112 and the different power management modes. According to the running state and the mode requirement of the load 109, the power management integrated device of the multi-stack fuel cell system is provided with a plurality of different power management modes, and the power optimal distribution method under all possible working condition points is optimized through a method for establishing an optimization model in each power management mode, so that the system can directly call the optimization result when running in real time, the running complexity of the power management integrated device is reduced, and the device integration level is improved.
In the working method of this embodiment, the first stage power manager 101 determines the power required by the driving device 107 according to the running state requirement of the load 109 in the application scenario at the current moment, and the driving device power manager 104 controls the actual output state and the power change rate of the driving device 107. The power battery power manager 103 determines limit values of charge and discharge of the power battery system 106 and controls the charge and discharge states of the power battery system 106 at the current time.
In this embodiment, the first stage power manager 101 and the second stage power manager 102 have multiple different power management modes according to different operation modes of the load 109, and when the load 109 operates in different stages and different operation states, the power management modes can be automatically switched, including a start-up stage, a normal operation stage, a shutdown stage, and the like. In addition, the load 109 operating modes include: economy mode, high electrical efficiency mode, high thermal efficiency mode, high life mode, high performance mode, etc. The different operation modes can optimize the optimal power distribution schemes of the multi-stack fuel cell system 105 and the power cell system 106 of each working point in different operation states (the current time required power, the historical output power and the current time required power change rate) through a mathematical optimization model.
The power management integrated device 114 of the multi-stack fuel cell system in this embodiment is integrated in the multi-stack fuel cell system 105, and an independent power management device is not required to be provided for each fuel cell stack 112, so that the volume of the multi-stack fuel cell system 105 is effectively reduced.
In this embodiment, the driving device 107 is connected to the load 109 through the reducer 108, and the driving device 107 drives the load 109 to operate through the reducer 108. The power battery system 106 includes a plurality of power battery packs 113. The power battery power manager 103 is specifically configured to manage the input power and the output power of the entire power battery pack 113. The second stage power manager 102 is used to determine the power requirements of all fuel cell stacks 112 of the multi-stack fuel cell system 105.
In this embodiment, the power manager 103 controls the power input and output of the power battery 113, and the multi-stack fuel cell system 105 is used as a main power source to provide power for the load 109, and the power battery system 106 is used to achieve power balance of the system, so that the multi-stack fuel cell system 105 should be operated in a high-efficiency area as much as possible under the requirement of power performance, thereby improving the efficiency of the system. Therefore, in this embodiment, the control objective of the power manager 103 is to make the SOC of the power battery pack 113 always within a certain range, and limit the charge and discharge power of the power battery pack 113 within a reasonable range, so as to ensure that the power battery pack 113 is not overcharged or overdischarged, and reserve a charging space for regenerative braking. When the SOC value of the power battery pack 113 is in different ranges, the corresponding first-stage power manager 101 has different power management methods, and when the power is below the set range, the multi-stack fuel cell system 105 charges the power battery system 106 while powering the load 109. The SOC setting range can be flexibly set by those skilled in the art according to the actual application scenario.
Depending on the operator's needs, the load 109 typically has multiple modes of operation, with the multi-stack fuel cell system 105 having different power management modes in different modes of operation. The operating modes generally include an economy mode, a normal mode, and a performance mode, and power management with thermal efficiency as an optimization objective is also required when the load 109 is started or standby in a cold environment.
According to the working method in this embodiment, according to the working condition data of the load 109 in the application scenario, the power parameters of the load 109 are matched, so that the required power of the load 109 corresponding to each working condition point can be obtained, as long as the working condition data are enough, all the possibilities of the required power of the load 109 in the application scenario can be found, in the actual working of the load 109, the required power of the load 109 can be obtained according to the relation between the working condition point measured before and the required power of the load 109, and then the corresponding output power of the first-stage power manager 101 distributed to the multi-stack fuel cell system 105 and the power cell system 106 can be determined by adopting, but not limited to, a sliding average filtering method, a Savitzky-Golay convolution smoothing algorithm, a LOESS, an FFT filter method, a percentile filter and other related optimization algorithms. For example, the first stage power manager 101 employs a moving average filtering method to distribute the power to be output of the multi-stack fuel cell system 105 and the power cell system 106, primarily to mitigate fluctuations in MFCS power demand. At a certain time, the power to be output (P MFCS (t)) is defined as:
wherein P is e (t) is the real-time power demand of the vehicle in kW; n is the window size, where n=4; k is a scale factor, where k=0.7; p (P) MFCS And (t) is the real-time power to be output of the multi-stack fuel cell system 105.
The present embodiment has different fuel cell stack output power distribution methods for different power management modes, such as a power management method aimed at saving running cost, a power management method aimed at improving response speed, a power management method aimed at improving thermal efficiency, and so on. The optimal fuel cell stack output power distribution method needs to establish a mathematical optimization model under each objective, and combines the characteristics of the fuel cell stacks 112 to obtain the relation between the optimal multi-stack fuel cell system 105 and the output power distribution of each fuel cell stack 112, and in the actual working process of the load 109, the output power of each fuel cell stack 112 is distributed according to the power distribution scheme under each power management mode. For example, in the economic mode, the second stage power manager 102 uses the full life cycle cost as an optimization index, and uses the efficiency characteristic and the life characteristic of each fuel cell stack 112 as constraint conditions, to equivalent the efficiency of each fuel cell stack 112 to the use cost of hydrogen and the life of each fuel cell stack 112 to the damage cost of the stack, and establishes a mathematical model to allocate the required power of each fuel cell stack 112, where the established mathematical model is:
wherein M is a collection of available fuel cell stacks; k is the power required by the application sceneAnd the probability of distribution thereofIs a matrix of (a); alpha and beta are weights of hydrogen use cost and stack breakage cost; p (P) max The maximum required power in the application scene; Δp is the deviation of the maximum output power of MFCS from the maximum required power of the application scenario, where Δp=0; />Is the efficiency of the MFCS at a certain power requirement; />Is the ith fuel cellMaximum output power of the stack; />An output power of a certain fuel cell stack at a certain power requirement for the MFCS; 237.3 is the negative value of the Gibbs free energy, kJ/mol, which is the maximum electric power that the fuel cell system can output; />Is the cost of hydrogen; c (C) p,l The total breaking cost of each fuel cell stack under certain required power is calculated; c (C) h,l Is the total hydrogen usage cost of each fuel cell stack at a certain required power.
As shown in fig. 3, the working method of the power management integrated device of the multi-stack fuel cell system in this embodiment mainly includes: a working method formulation process 301 and a working method implementation process 302. Firstly, the required power of the load 109 in an application scene is determined according to the parameters of the load 109 and the application scene description, a mathematical statistical rule of the required power of the load 109 in the application scene is obtained, and an operator determines a power management mode according to the working content and the operation mode requirement of the load 109.
After determining the power management mode, a mathematical model needs to be established to optimize the power allocation schemes of all power points in all power management modes. Taking a high-efficiency operation mode as an example, the high-efficiency operation of the multi-stack fuel cell system 105 is taken as a power management target, and the optimal power output scheme under a certain split-stack scheme is optimized with different load 109 operation states (current time required power, historical output power and current time power requirement change rate), efficiency characteristics, quantity, power output range and other objective conditions of the fuel cell stacks 112 as constraints. The optimized result is the power optimized distribution result under the current power management mode and the maximum power distribution scheme of the fuel cell stack 112. The current power optimization distribution result and the required power distribution of the load 109 in the application scene are utilized to obtain the average efficiency of a certain split-stack scheme in the high-efficiency working mode in the current application scene, and then all possible split-stack schemes are solved to obtain the optimal split-stack scheme in the current application scene. Combining the multiple power management modes, the optimal split-stack scheme of the multi-stack fuel cell system 105 and the power distribution scheme under each power management mode are obtained through comprehensive comparison, and the power distribution scheme can be obtained according to the table look-up of the output power of the multi-stack fuel cell system 105 in the running process of the load 109. Therefore, the computing power requirement of the power management integrated device is reduced, and the integration level of the device is improved.
It can be understood that the optimal split-level scheme and the optimal power allocation scheme in each power management mode in this embodiment are optimized for a certain application scenario, and are only applicable to the power management method in the application scenario. When the application scene changes, the result is not applicable any more, and the power management method in the current application scene needs to be redetermined according to the working method in the embodiment.
In summary, the present invention effectively overcomes the disadvantages of the prior art and has high industrial utility value.
The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles of the present invention and its effectiveness, and are not intended to limit the invention. Modifications and variations may be made to the above-described embodiments by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Accordingly, it is intended that all equivalent modifications and variations of the invention be covered by the claims, which are within the ordinary skill of the art, be within the spirit and scope of the present disclosure.
Claims (10)
1. The power management integrated device of the multi-stack fuel cell system is characterized by comprising a first-stage power manager (101), a second-stage power manager (102), a power battery power manager (103) and a driving device power manager (104), wherein the second-stage power manager (102), the power battery power manager (103) and the driving device power manager (104) are all connected with the first-stage power manager (101);
the first-stage power manager (101) determines the required output power of the multi-stack fuel cell system (105) and the required output power of the power cell system (106) according to the required power of the load (109); the second-stage power manager (102) is connected with a multi-stack fuel cell system (105), the multi-stack fuel cell system (105) comprises a plurality of fuel cell stacks (112), and the second-stage power manager (102) is used for setting the required output power of all the fuel cell stacks (112); the power battery power manager (103) is connected with the power battery system (106), and the power battery power manager (103) is used for managing the input power and the output power of the power battery system (106); the power battery system (106) comprises a plurality of power battery packs (113), and the power battery power manager (103) is used for managing the input power and the output power of all the power battery packs (113); the driving device power manager (104) is connected with the driving device (107), and the driving device power manager (104) is used for controlling the running state of the driving device (107); the driving device (107) is connected with the load (109), and the driving device (107) can drive the load (109) to operate;
when the residual charge of the power battery system (106) is smaller than a set threshold value, the first-stage power manager (101) sets the output power to the multi-stack fuel battery system (105) to be larger than the required power of the load (109), the multi-stack fuel battery system (105) supplies power to the power battery system (106) while supplying power to the driving device (107), and the power battery system (106) is in a charged state.
2. The multi-stack fuel cell system power management integrated device of claim 1, wherein all of the fuel cell stacks (112) are connected to a second stage power manager (102) through a DC/DC module or directly.
3. The multi-stack fuel cell system power management integrated device of claim 2, wherein when the fuel cell stacks (112) are connected to the second stage power manager (102) through a DC/DC module, all fuel cell stacks (112) are connected to one DC/DC module.
4. The multi-stack fuel cell system power management integrated device according to claim 2, wherein when the fuel cell stacks (112) are connected to the second stage power manager (102) through DC/DC modules, the number of the DC/DC modules is equal to the number of the fuel cell stacks (112), all the DC/DC modules are respectively connected to all the fuel cell stacks (112) in a one-to-one correspondence, and the second stage power manager (102) is connected to all the DC/DC modules.
5. The multi-stack fuel cell system power management integrated device of claim 1, wherein all fuel cell stacks (112) are connected to a fuel integrated supply device (110), and wherein the fuel integrated supply device (110) is capable of supplying fuel to each fuel cell stack (112) individually in accordance with the set output power for each fuel cell stack (112) by the second stage power manager (102).
6. The multi-stack fuel cell system power management integrated device according to claim 1, wherein all the fuel cell stacks (112) are connected to a hydrothermal integration management device (111), and the hydrothermal integration management device (111) manages the hydrothermal integration of the respective fuel cell stacks (112).
7. The multi-stack fuel cell system power management integrated device of claim 1, wherein the drive device power manager (104) is capable of controlling the drive device (107) output power when the drive device (107) drives the load (109); the drive power manager (104) is capable of controlling the drive (107) to recover energy of the load (109) when braking the load (109).
8. The multi-stack fuel cell system power management integrated device of claim 1, wherein a plurality of power cell stacks (113) of the power cell system (106) are connected to a power cell power manager (103) through a DC/DC module or directly.
9. A method of operating a multi-stack fuel cell system power management integrated device according to claim 1, comprising a working method formulation process (301) and a working method implementation process (302), the working method formulation process (301) comprising the steps of, in order:
determining a power management mode according to an application scene and the requirements of operators;
setting a desired output power of the multi-stack fuel cell system (105) and a desired output power of the power cell system (106) according to the power management mode and the current power demand value;
determining an optimal power allocation scheme in a split-stack scheme and a power management mode; the optimal power distribution scheme includes setting a desired output power of each fuel cell stack (112);
comparing the optimal power distribution results of all the split-stack schemes to obtain an optimal split-stack scheme, and obtaining an optimal power distribution scheme under a set power management mode;
solving the optimal power distribution schemes in all power management modes to obtain the optimal power distribution schemes in all power management modes, and recording the obtained optimal power distribution schemes in all power management modes into a power distribution table;
the implementation process (302) of the working method comprises the following steps:
in actual operation, the first-stage power manager (101) sets the required output power of the multi-stack fuel cell system (105) and the required output power of the power cell system (106) according to the currently set power management mode and the required power value of the current load (109) and by looking up a power distribution table;
the second-stage power manager (102) sets the power to be output of each fuel cell stack (112) by looking up a power distribution table, based on the currently set power management mode and the power to be output of the multi-stack fuel cell system (105).
10. The method of claim 9, wherein when the remaining charge of the power cell system (106) is less than the set threshold, the first stage power manager (101) sets the power to be output to the multi-stack fuel cell system (105) to be greater than the power required by the load (109), the multi-stack fuel cell system (105) powers the power cell system (106) while powering the driving device (107), and the power cell system (106) is in a charged state.
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